Учебник Английский язык 9 класс Афанасьева Михеева

Английский язык о. в. Афанасьева И. В. Михеева Новый курс английского языка ДЛЯ российских школ 5-й год обучения класс Учебник для общеобразовательных учреждений Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации 6-е издание, стереотипное МОСКВА jff у р о ф а 2012 УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2АНГЛ-922 А94 Афанасьева, О. В. А94 Английский язык. Серия «Новый курс английского языка для российских школ». 5-й год обучения. 9 кл. : учеб, для общеобра-зоват. учреждений / О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева. — 6-е изд., стереотип. — М. : Дрофа, 2012. — 320 с. : ил. ISBN 978-5-358-11053-3 Учебник, созданный известными специалистами в области преподавания английского языка О, В. Афанасьевой и И. В. Михеевой, предназначен для учащихся общеобразовательных школ и является основным компонентом учебно-методического комплекса для 9 класса (5-й год обучения). УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2ЛНГЛ-922 Учебное издание Афанасьева Ольга Васильевна, Михеева Ирина Владимировна Серия «Новый курс английского языка д.зя российских школ» АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 5-й год обучения. 9 класс Учебник для общеобразовательных учреждений Зав. редакцией Е. Ю. Шмакова. Ответственный редактор Е. В. Рубина Художник О. Б. Рытман. Художественный редактор Л. /7. Копачева Технический редактор И. И. Герасимова. Компьютерная верстка Г. А. Фетисова Корректор Л. А. Ма.гинина ш Сертификат соответствия № РОСС RU. АЕ51. Н 15488. Подписано к печати 13.03.12. Формат 70^ 90 Vie- Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура ♦Школьная*. Печать офсетная. Уел. печ. л. 23,40. Тираж 10 000 экз. Заказ 31206 (О гл>. ООО ♦Дрофа*. 127018, Москва, Сущевский вал, 49. Предложении и замечания по содержанию и оформ.1ению книги fiporHM направлять в редакцию общего образования издательства «Дрофа*: 127018, Москва, а я 79- Тел.: (495) 795-05-41. 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ISBN 978-5-358-11053-3 ООО .Дрофа., 2007 Unit Mass Media: Television L Section One Do It Together 3 c о c о QJ A. Listen to the song and say what it is about. % B. Read the lyrics and sing the song along. (1). Eagle орел {Benny Andersson, Bjorn Ulvaeus) Tliey came flyin* from faraway now Гт under their spell. I love hearing the stories that they tell they’ve seen places beyond my land and they’ve found new horizons they speak strangely but I understand and I dream I’m an eagle and I dream I can spread my wings. Flyin’ high, high I’m a bird in the sky I’m an eagle that rides on the breeze high, high what a feeling to fly over mountains and forests and seas and to go anywhere that I please. = flying очарование [bi'jnnd] за пределами расправить 1* 4 си С о U (D on As all good friends we talk all night and we fly wing to wing I have questions and they know everything there’s no limit to what I feel we climb higher and higher am I dreamin’ or is it all real is it true Гт an eagle is it true I can spread my wings. Flyin’ high, high I’m a bird in the sky I’m an eagle that rides on the breeze high, high what a feeling to fly over mountains and forests and seas and to go anywhere that I please. Answer the questions. 1) What mass media* do you know? 2) Which is the most popular of them? Why? 3) What makes the Internet a fast developing kind of the mass media? 4) What newspapers and magazines do you read? What kind of information do you look for in them? 5) For what categories of people is the radio important? 6) The mass media give us information and entertain us. of the two is more important for you? 7) What do you usually watch on TV: the news, films, talk sports programmes, musical programmes or any others? 8) Do you watch a lot of television? What does it give you? Which shows. NEF^. Yesterday different programmes were shown on television. Listen to the tape, (2), and decide which channel^ these people were likely to watch^. * mass media [,mLCs'mi;dio] — средства массовой информации 2 National Examination Format — предлагаемое задание имеет формат ЕГЭ ^ а channel ['tjicnl] — jd.: телевизионный канал were likely to watch — скорее всего смотрели Watching Television Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 a) Alice Radcliffe has recently visited China, Japan and Vietnam. She has fallen in love with the culture and traditions of these countries. Never misses a TV show devoted to them. 5 -T V3 are being was being 1 were being [ ^ О 1) A new school is being built in our street 1) When 1 came back home, a new school was being built in our street. 2) The letters are being answered now. 2) At 5 o'clock the letters were still being answered. о 1) The article is not being translated now. 1) When 1 rang John up. he said my article was not being translated. 2) The rooms are not being cleaned now. 2) At 6 the rooms were not being cleaned yet. © 1) Is the fax being sent? 1) Was the fax being sent when he called? 2) Where are these toys being sold? 2) Were the toys being sold when the instruction came? Express the same in Russian. 1) A new bridge is being built across the river. 2) When I entered the hotel, I noticed that all the maids were busy. The rooms were being prepared for the coming guests. 3) John said he was not sure that these dictionaries were still being sold. 4) You can’t get inside. The floors are being cleaned. 5) “Where is my favourite T-shirt?” — “Sorry, dear. It is being washed.” 6) I know that this article is being translated now. 7) “Where is your luggage?” — “It is being weighed.” 8) The story that was being told then surprised me more than I could imagine. 9) What music is being played? I can’t recognize it. 10) When I entered the hall, the question of summer holidays was being discussed. Ф C О c о u ): to depress sb. Mr Morton had lost his job and that depressed him. It depresses me to see all these crime films on the screen. serious (adj): a serious problem, a serious mistake, a serious crime, to be serious about sth. Are you serious about leaving your job? — Dead serious^ spread (spread, spread) (l;); to spread quickly, to spread over the country. Rain will spread from the west and reach all areas by evening. kid (n): a group of kids, college kids. Have you got kids of your own? We took the kids to the zoo at the weekend, quiz (az): to take part in a quiz, an ecological quiz, tests and quizzes, a quiz on history. “Who wants to be a millionaire?” is a typical TV quiz. imagine {v): to imagine sth; to imagine sb doing sth. Try to imagine that you are lying on a beach. Imagine her sitting in that dark room alone. Just imagine! be on (l>): What’s on at the “Forum” cinema? Mike was surfing the channels as he didn’t know what was on. break dow'n (i;): On our way to the country the car broke down and we had to walk to the station. Read the text and make it complete using the new words. I have a friend, Denis by name, who is quite a to television. He spends hours in front of the box, watches everything and any- ^ Dead serious. = Absolutly serious. thing that’s on. Most of all he likes watching comedy series and q „iEL. But he also never f to see feature films and animated c even those which are made for very young к _____If there is nothing else on, he watches concerts of s music and educational programmes. In other words, Denis can’t i his life without television and gets d when something stops him from watching it. Not long ago Denis’ television b down. My friend said he couldn’t fall a without it. He didn’t sleep for three or four nights, felt so bad that the news of his illness s JilL in his office. Luckily he soon got his TV back and his life came back to normal too. Personally, I think that television shouldn’t take up so much of our time. 1 Focus on Vocabula I I Synonyms Слова child и kid — синонимы. Они имеют одинаковый смысл и обозначают ребенка любого пола. Однако, если слово child можно использовать в любой ситуации, существительное kid— слово разговорного стиля (особенно в британском варианте английского языка). Оно часто используется в диалогах, обычных житейских описаниях и никогда — в официальных бумагах, документах Подобные синонимы называются синонимами стилистическими {stylistic synonyms). 10 А. Read the text What We Watch" and find in it the English equivalents for the following. 1) keep the television turned on 2) entertain guests 3) something (usually a book, a film or a TV programme) which is thought to be bad 4) people get so dependent on television that they can’t stop watching it 5) get very unhappy because of the unpleasant situation that you feel you can’t change 6) TV programmes are made to satisfy all people 7) they are sure to watch their favourite programme (2 variants) 8) serious film or programme 31 (V (D U QJ LTi What We Watch 32 QJ Ш U CJ u cu 13 Write the same in a different way. Use the passive voice. Example: We spend a lot of time on watching television. A lot of time is spent on watching television. 1) The managers are discussing their plans for the coming year in room 30. 2) They have just given me some new information about the exams. 3) We shouldn’t discuss serious problems in a hurry. 4) How many sets have the tennis players done yet? 5) These kids have already seen hundreds of animated cartoons. 6) What are they broadcasting on Channel 4 at the moment? 7) They must cater for children’s interests. 8) We have made a decision and we won’t change it. 9) When I entered the sitting-room they were watching some quiz or a talk show. 10) We have already done the memory ['nicmnri] — память 2 - A(|>niiHru Bn, 9 КЛ. 34 VJ ): to spy for sb; to spy on sb. Mr Nelson had been spying for the Italians for many years. Don’t spy on me! Why should you do it? humiliate (u); to humiliate children, to be (feel) humiliated. Jack was humiliated when he found out that his girl-friend could run faster than he could. spoil (v): to spoil the view, to spoil children. I really hope it won’t rain — that would spoil everything. Stop saying “yes” all the time, Frank, you’re spoiling the child. interrupt (u): to interrupt sb/sth. Richard interrupted his aunt while she was speaking. Listen to your dad and don’t interrupt him. With what other words can you combine^ them? to forget: to spoil: the address, . the project, .. ^ What a shame... — Какая жалость... {AniE) 2 to combine [,кптЪат] — соединить to interrupt: to present: rude: instead of: the show, . the book, . answer, milk, ... • it Fill in prepositions where necessary to complete the sentences. 1) The sum ... money he gave me was not enough to buy the CD I wanted. 2) It is very rude ... you to speak like that. 3) You will spoil ... your children if you let them do anything they want. 4) Fascist [T Ф in c 0 u 01 1Л 1 \ 4 ' is indented — зд.: пишется с красной строки 2 the rest — остальные 60 CJ cu о • u cu un Read this paragraph and decide what it is about. The Russian Flag has three wide stripes on it — white, blue and red. The colours of the flag are symbolic. White is faithful and sincere, blue is honest and loyal and red is brave. The Russian flag first appeared in 1668. It was the symbol of Russia for more than 300 years and then reappeared as the modern flag of the country. Read this paragraph. What is its main^ idea? One of the most popular games in the USA is football. About 37 million people watch football each weekend during the fall and winter. Baseball is also very popular. What is the main idea of the paragraph below? Copy out the topic sentence that tells the main idea. Though my grandfather is seventy-one, he rides his bike everywhere. He goes swimming every morning in the summer and does a lot of skating in the winter. As he lives in the country, he works much in the yard and in the garden. Sometimes he cleans windows and floors in the house. In the evening he takes long walks with his dog. My grandfather seems younger every year. He is one of the most active people I know. There is no topic sentence in the following paragraph. Read the paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the list below (a—c). a) Time is important for English people. b) The English spend a lot of time in their homes. c) An Englishman’s house is his castle. On any weekday evening, seven out of eight grown up people usually stay at home. They watch television or videos, read books, listen to music. Some of them may play musical instruments or follow their hobbies. Half the families who live in the country have a garden in which they plant flowers or grow vegetables. I main [mem] — главный А Read the paragraph and say a) how many sentences there are in it; b) what its main idea is and what the topic sentence is. Our first visit to Tenby was in the 1980s, during a rather poor October. The house we took faced the sea. The wind blowing from the shore was so strong that we thought it would take the roof off! Mornings were rather cold but in the afternoons we enjoyed bright sunshine. While we were staying at Tenby we visited a few places of interest like the Welsh folk museum and Llandaff cathedral. People in Wales are fond of singing and dancing. They have music festivals and competitions well-known in Britain. I will always remember Tenby as a wonderful resort where one can always relax and have a very good time. B. Copy out the sentence(s) which does (do) not belong to the paragraph. 61 о 3 - Лфанигьена, 9 кл. 66 Of с о о О) со the world of surprises and so will the viewers of this impressive film starring Johnny Depp as Mr Wonka. Listen to the sentences, (22), and guess what the underlined words mean. 1) The night was warm and quiet. The quietness was very pleasant after the busy working day. 2) The girl was so tired that she couldn’t concentrate on the test she was writing. 3) I lost concentration for a moment and missed what the teacher was saying. Learn some new words. Listen to the tape, |«J (23), and repeat wise [waiz] — мудрый wisdom ['wizdsm] — мудрость enter ['ent9] — входить fascinating [Tjcsmcitio] — пленительный, захватывающий enjoy oneself - водить время feel at home себя как дома приятно про- HVBCTBOBaTb A. cheerful ['tfi^fal] — веселый, радостный feel [fi:l] — чувствовать peaceful ['pi:sf9l] — мирный whisper ['wispa] — 1) n шепот; 2) V шептать lonely ['lounli] — одинокий alone [o'bun] — один strange [streincfe] — 1) странный; 2) незнакомый treasure ['1гезэ] — сокровище B. cheerful {adj)\ a cheerful person, a cheerful smile. Stephen was such a cheerful child! The children were singing a cheerful pop song which I hadn’t heard before. peaceful {adj)\ to look peaceful, to be peaceful, a peaceful atmosphere. We spent a peaceful evening by the river, whisper: (n) to say in a whisper. She said it in a whisper so I couldn’t hear, {v) The children were whispering in the corner, feel (felt, felt) (i;): to feel bad, to feel well, to feel pleased. She always feels happy when she comes home. lonely (adj): a lonely old woman, a lonely pine tree. James has been very lonely since his wife died. alone {adj)f {adv): to be alone, to leave sb alone. Alice lives alone. You alone can do it. Time alone will show who is right. Leave me alone. I’m tired and I don’t want to discuss it. strange {adj): a strange place. What is that strange noise? The name is strange to me, I have never heard it before, treasure (n): a real treasure, art treasures. “Treasure Island” is an adventure story by Robert Louis Stevenson. A treasure-house: This place is a real treasure-house of books. wise {adj): a wise professor, a wise behaviour, wise advice. I don’t think it’s wise to teach Alan at home, wisdom (n): His answer shows his wisdom. enter {v): to enter the hall, to enter the house. Please enter the cottage by the back door. If you enter the university, you become a student. enjoy oneself (u): We all enjoyed ourselves at the movies. Ann enjoyed herself at the party. feel at home: Whenever I visit your family, they always make me feel at home. Match the words and word combinations in the two columns. 1) to enter 2) depressed 3) wise 4) treasure 5) alone 6) to whisper 7) to feel at home 8) to concentrate a) to think hard about sth b) a collection of gold, silver and money c) to speak very quietly d) without any people e) to come in f) to feel comfortable g) knowing many things, knowing what is right and good h) feeling sad and unhappy A. Say what you never/sometimes/often fail to do. You can get some ideas from the pictures. Example; I never fail to wash my hands before a meal. 67 c о u 3* I 68 CU О u (V in ^The News B. Say what programmes you never or seldom fail to watch on TV. Example: I seldom fail to watch a football match. Say what one can see in these places. my room our classroom our school yard our school my friend’s the local library the nearby food shop the cinema hall the picture the post office the toy shop the theatre the local museum As soon as you enter galler you can see Example: As soon as you enter my room, you can see a piano. Focus on Vocabula Synonyms I A ut. '.■’П Alone Lonely Alone = with nobody or nothing else. (Being alone is not good and not bad. It doesn't mean that one IS unhappy.) Alone is never used before a noun! Lonely = unhappy because you are alone or have no friends and think that nobody loves you. Example: That evening Mike was alone in the house. The tree stands alone on the hill. E X a m p 1 e: All her family are away and she feels very lonely. Talk to me, I'm feeling a little lonely. Choose alone or lonely to complete the sentences. 1) All her children are away on holiday and she is living all ... . 2) He has been very ... since his wife died. 3) Only you ... can help me in this situation. 4)Jack is very ill and cannot live.... 5) Linda doesn’t like to remember her ... childhoodL 6) We were ... all day on the beach: the bad weather kept all the others at home. 7) Can you finish the job ...? 8) The boy felt... in the new school. 9) Every evening, rain or shine, he took his... walk along the country road. 10) Next time when you feel ..., play this song and you’ll feel better. 69 CU c о u CU СЛ 10 A. A lot of periodicals^ have a section Readers' Letters", to which readers can write and share^ their ideas. Here is one of such letters. Read to the letter and say which of the following ideas can not be found in the letter. 1) The reader loves and has always loved libraries. 2) The reader was first taken to the library by his/her parents. 3) The reader used libraries for his/her studies. 4) The atmosphere ['setmasfis] of the library never fails to make the reader feel more cheerful. ’ childhood ['tjaildhud] — детство ^ a periodical [,pion'Ddik3l] — журнал, периодическое издание ^ to share [fea] — делиться 70 QJ С О u ф 5) The reader thinks that nowadays children don’t go to the library so often as they did before. 6) The reader believes that a library is the right place for children to go. Reader’s Letter to a Periodical I am no longer young but I still remember happy Saturday mornings I spent in the library when I was a child. In libraries I felt cheerful and peaceful. The library was my special world in which I loved everything — the smell of the books, the whispering voices of the readers and the librarians, the sound of turning pages. As I grew up, libraries became more and more work-place for me, at school and university. But there were other times when I went to the library just because I felt lonely or depressed. When I was alone in strange towns, I never failed to find the local library and enjoyed myself spending one or two hours there. For me libraries have always been places of quietness and concentration, treasure-houses of wisdom, culture and information, the kingdom of the printed word. Our children need to learn from babyhood to feel at home in libraries. At the same time they should look at them as very special places where they can enter a new fascinating world. B. Listen to the text, (24), then learn to read it aloud. A. Remember how the Reader describes the following in his letter. 1) The Reader describes ... Saturday mornings spent in the library. 2) In libraries the reader felt... and .... 3) The library was the Reader’s ... world. 4) The Reader remembers the ... voices of the readers and librarians and the sound of ... pages. 5) Later the Reader sometimes went to the library because he/she was ... and depressed. 6) For the Reader, libraries have always been places of ... and ..., treasure-houses of ..., ... and information, the kingdom of the ... word. 7) Children should look at libraries as very ... places where they can enter a new ... world. в. Compare^ your impressions with the Reader's. 1) The Reader first went to the library at a very young age. Did you? 2) The Reader liked everything in the library to which he/she went as a child. And you? 3) The Reader used libraries for work. And you? 4) The Reader went to libraries when he/she felt lonely or depressed. And you? 5) For the Reader libraries are a special fascinating world. And for you? 6) The Reader thinks that young children should go regularly to the library and feel at home there. What do you think? What can be done to make children feel at home in the library? Ф C О u Ф Ln Do It on Your Own 12 Express the same in English using your active vocabulary. Л. 1) Говорить шепотом [2 варианта]; 2) никогда не проваливать экзамены; 3) мудрость; 4) чувствовать себя как дома; 5) войти в комнату [2 варианта]; 6) захватывающая (волнующая) мысль; 7) одинокая старушка; 8) незнакомый голос; 9) странная книга; 10) радостный ребенок. * to compare [кот'рез] — сравнивать 72 о $ в. 1)Сью и Алиса всегда приятно проводят время по выходным. 2) Я часто хожу в кинотеатр около своего дома. 3) Джон вошел в свой старый дом. Там было мирно и тихо. Он был один дома, но не чувствовал себя одиноким. Это был его пленительный мир. 4) Не говори шепотом, говори громко, пожалуйста. 5) Шерлок Холмс (Sherlock Holmes) увидел странное желтое лицо в окне. 6) Вы хорошо провели вчера время в парке? 7) Мальчик не смог перевести все предложения. 8) Оставьте меня в покое. Я не хочу говорить об этом. 9) Мой сын всегда был веселым, радостным ребенком. 10) Где твое сокровище? Покажи его мне. 11) Это был мудрый план. Мы решили следовать ему. Ф Section Two Do It Together Listen to the tape, [fj (25), and fill in the missing information in the statements (1—5). Use a number, a word or a word combination. 1) Conan Doyle began writing his stories in ... . 2) Conan Doyle’s first profession was the profession of a ... . 3) The museum’s address is 221b .... 4) The museum was opened in ... . 5) The museum feels like the detective’s real .... Read the text and name the library(ies) about which the following is true. 1) This library is situated in a capital. 2) The text doesn’t say when the library was opened or started. 3) This library was started by a monarch as early as the 14^*’ century. 4) This library is bigger than the other three. 5) We know who was the architect of a certain part of this library. 6) This library moved to a new building not so long ago. 7) We know who cannot use this library. 8) We know some names of people who were this library’s readers. 9) This library began as an information centre for politicians. 10) The text doesn’t say if this library has any books written outside the country. The Greatest Libraries of the World 73 О $ u cu LO a) The US Library of Congress is the largest in the world. It has about 90 million items — books, manuscripts ['mccnjuskripts], maps, photographs, pieces of music and microfilms ['maikmufilmz]. The library has about 350 miles of bookshelves in three gigantic buildings on Capitol Hill, Washington D. C. The collection was started in 1800 to help Congressmen in their work. When in 1814 the books were destroyed in a fire, the Congress bought Thomas Jefferson’s personal library of about 6,500 books — the beginning of a new collection. Now the US Library of Congress is open to the general public. b) Bibliotheque Nationale [biblio'tek nasio'nail] (National Library) is the most important library in France and one of the oldest in the world. It is now located in Paris. Its beginning was the first royal library started by Charles V (1364—1380) who collected 1,200 manuscripts in the Louvre. Since 1537 the library has received a copy of every French publication. In 1692 the library was opened to the public and renamed the Bibliotheque Nationale in 1795. The library’s collection nowadays includes about 9 million books 74 о $ U Ф and 180 thousand manuscripts published in France and in other countries of the world. c) The Russian State Library in Moscow is one of the largest in the world. It has more than 40 million items in 247 languages: books, newspapers, maps, music and others. The library is not only a place to read. It is also a learning centre which organizes lectures, discussions and presentations. The library was opened in the 18^^ century on the basis of Count Rumyantsev’s private collection and since that time it has been used by scientists, scholars, teachers, students, in fact anybody who is over 18 years old can use the library’s reading rooms. About 4 thousand people come to the library every day. d) The British Library is the national library of the UK. It gets a copy of every book published in the country and many foreign publications as well. The library has a large new building in London which was finished in 1996. Before that the library was part of the British Museum. Nowadays everyone who comes to the museum can visit the famous Reading Room designed as Rome’s Pantheon^ by the Italian Anthony Panizzi who had to leave his country for England and was Keeper of Printed Books from 1837 to 1856 and Librarian of the Museum. Some of the greatest minds and the most famous people of their times have worked in this room: writers, dramatists, politicians such as Dickens, Bernard Shaw, Garibaldi, Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin. You know the words in column A. Read the sentences and guess what the words in column В mean. А В A strange stranger feel enter entrance enjoy fascinating fascinate lonely feeling enjoyment loneliness 1) I’ve met her once before, so she’s not a complete stranger to me. 2) The children were fascinated by the monkeys in the zoo. ^ a pantheon ['picnBianj — пантеон: 1) у древних греков и римлян так называли храм, посвященный всем языческим богам; 2) место погребения выдающихся деятелей. Знаменитый Римский пантеон имеет округлую форму, которая послужила образцом при постройке читального зала. 3) The church has a very fine entrance. 4) I have a strange feeling that I’ve seen you somewhere. Have we met before? 5) He doesn’t get any enjoyment from dancing. 6) The feeling of loneliness was new to the boy. Focus on Word-buildina> 1. Имена существительные в английском языке раньше часто образовывались при помощи суффиксов -hood \л -dom. В современном английском языке эти суффиксы можно встретить в таких словах, как: childhood — детство (child + hood) babyhood — младенчество (baby + hood) manhood — зрелость {у мужчины) (man + hood); мужественность womanhood — зрелость {у женщин) (woman + hood); женственность 2. Абстрактные имена существительные часто образуются от прилагательных при помощи суффикса -ness. polite -ь ness white + ness kind + ness = = politeness (вежливость) = whiteness (белизна) kindness (доброта) All these words are formed with the help of -ness. What do they mean? 1) darkness 2) softness 3) brightness 4) cleverness 5) laziness 6) openness 7) loneliness 8) playfulness 9) madness 10) cleanliness 11) englishness 12) sadness о $ U dj to Focus on Grammar English participles В английском языке так же, как и в русском, существуют причастия. Пер вое причастие’ (first or present participle ['pa:iisipol]) образуется от глаго лов при помощи суффикса -ing. play + ing = playing (играющий) ask ч- ing = asking (спрашивающий) ’ Соответствует русскому действительному причастию настоящего и про шедшего времени. 76 О $ U OJ on Второе причастие^ (second or past participle) образуется при помощи суффикса -ес/(для так называемых правильных гпагопов)' play + ed = played (сыгранный) ask + ed = asked (спрошенный) У так называемых неправильных глаголов форму второго причастия (3-ю форму глаголов) следует запомнить; written — написанный said — сказанный shown — показанный bought — купленный Express the same in Russian. 1) The stranger’s smiling face was kind and I smiled back. 2) The news brought by my friend was exciting: we would go to Kostroma for a day. 3) Football played all over the world is one of the best loved games. 4) At 9 o’clock the finished work was lying on my boss’s desk. 5) Tom’s parents were loving and caring and the boy had a very happy childhood. 6) Have you noticed the broken kitchen window? I wonder who’s done it. 7) Jane’s last words whispered into my ear were, “Г11 always remember you.” 8) The class was busy working. There was no sound except the sound of turning pages. 9) The trees growing in front of the school were given to us as a present. 10) I love to look at playing children. 11) The picture drawn by my little brother is a portrait of our family. 12) The falling leaves soon covered everything in our little garden. Read these pairs of words and use them to complete the sentences below. 1) giving - 2) buying - 3) singing - 4) showing 5) asking - given bought - sung - shown asked 6) preparing — prepared 7) speaking — spoken 8) eating — eaten 9) forgetting — forgotten 10) teaching — taught ^ Соответствует русскому страдательному причастию прошедшего и реже настоящего времени. 1) а) The examples ... in the text were very unusual, b) The theatre ... “Macbeth” is closing its season. 2) a) We usually eat vegetables ... in the market. b) The woman ... apples at the counter* is my aunt. 3) a) Right before Christmas one can see groups of ... children collecting charity^ money. b) A new song ... by a popular singer may soon become a hit. 4) a) On his desk stood a picture ... him and his family. b) The film ... on Channel I at prime time was watched by millions of TV viewers. 5) a) It’s difficult to say “no” to people ... for help. b) The question ... by the child surprised the grown-ups. 6) a) The pupils ... for the examinations were given some extra classes. b) I like soups ... by my mother and no one else’s. 7) a) English ... in America sounds different from English ... in Britain. b) People ... English have better possibilities to find a good job. 8) a) This dish ... with a lot of tomato ketchup is one of my favourite. b) Children ... a lot of junk food put their health at risk. 9) a) How can I love someone ... my birthday? b) This story ... long ago was suddenly remembered and turned into a film. 10) a) Children should be taught to be kind to each other. b) People teaching good manners should have good manners themselves. 77 о $ U a> Learn some words to be able to speak about books, books present written material In the form of (26). Different novels ["nnvalz] — романы plays [pleiz] — пьесы poems ['pouimz] — стихи short stories or stories — рассказы, повести fairy-tales [,feDri'teilz] — сказки legends ['lecfeondz] — легенды fables [Teiblz] — басни * a counter ['каитэ] — прилавок ^ charity ['tja?rili] — благотворительность 78 О $ С О •4—' XJ <и ио Stories сап be different • adventure stories • love stories • mystery stories • crime stories • horror stories • war stories • science fiction^ Work in pairs. Ask each other and answer the questions. 1) What famous Russian novels do you know? When were they written? Who were their authors? Have you read any of them? 2) How long did it take you to read the last novel you have read? What was it? Why did you begin reading it? What do you think of its characters^? 3) Do you know any English-speaking novelists ['novolists]? Can you name any novels they have written? Have you read any of them? If you have, what do you think of them, of their characters? 4) Is it easy to read plays? Have you read any plays? If so, what was your impression of some of them? Have you seen the same play at the theatre? Don’t you think it is easier and more interesting to watch plays in the theatre than to read them? 5) Do you know any names of Russian or foreign dramatists? Any names of their plays? Have you seen them at the theatre or on television? 6) Do you like poems? Do you often read poems? Do you read poems to yourself? Do you like to read them out loud? Do you think people should be taught to read, understand and love poetry? Have you ever tried to write poems yourself? What famous Russian or foreign poets do you know? Can you recite any of the poems? 7) What were your favourite fairy tales in your childhood? Do you read fairy tales? Do you like them? 8) Do you know any fables by I. A. Krylov? Do you know any other people who wrote/write fables? Do you like them? 9) A legend is a story about heroes ['hiorouz] of long ago. Do you know any? Have you heard them/about them? Have you read them? ^ science fiction = sci-fi [,sai'fai] — научная фантастика 2 a character ['kicnktpj — герой, действующее лицо литературного произведения, спектакля, фильма Do It on Your Own Read the text given below and make it complete with the words from the forms on the right. 10 Library A library is a place where books and documents are kept. help with the books they need. They also can help with some ___There are kinds of libraries. In some, you can borrow books to take them home. In others, students and use the books and documents for their work. People have used libraries for as long as men have known how to write. Libraries have helped people a lot in the field of _ library, read inform differ science educate Express the same in English. A. 1) Поющая девочка; 2) сломанный мост; 3) улыбающийся ребенок; 4) танцующие люди; 5) вымытая машина; 6) загрязненный воздух; 7) посаженное дерево; 8) дерущиеся мальчики; 9) переведенная книга; 10) бегущая собака; 11) потерянный билет. B. 1)Джем, приготовленный летом; 2) замок, построенный в XIII веке; 3) стихотворение, выученное наизусть; 4) книга, купленная детям; 5) вопрос, заданный учителем; 6) шутка, рассказанная братом; 7) легковая машина, управляемая женщиной; 8) виноград, выращенный на юге; 9) комната, украшенная цветами; 10) часы, потерянные на берегу реки. C. 1) Птица, летящая в небе; 2) женщина, обнимающая своего сына; 3) ребенок, плавающий в море; 4) спортсмен, взбираю- о $ С о 4—» U 0J ьп р 80 ш О) U О) щийся на гору; 5) композитор, сочиняющий (пишущий) концерт; 6) поезд, прибывающий на станцию; 7) фабрика, перерабатывающая отходы; 8) ученик, декламирующий стихи; 9) кошка, спящая в кресле; 10) бабушка, целующая внучку на ночь. Section Three Do It Together A Listen to the text about two writers, with the help of the table. (27), and compare them Jules Verne Herbert George Wells wrote science-fiction stories wrote in English wrote about flying to other planets wrote about people on the Moon wrote for newspapers taught at school made people think about serious problems B. Match the names of the books with their authors'*. Jules Verne Herbert J. Wells * an author ['.tOo] — автор Around the World in Eighty Days Journey to the Centre of the Earth The Invisible Man The War of the Worlds The Time Machine Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea Make participle I or participle II of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. 1) This newspaper (read) by millions of people is very popular. 2) The face of the actor (play) in the new film isn’t familiar at all. 3) The news (broadcast) in the evening is one of the most popular programmes on television. 4) These textbooks (prepare) for the lesson should be taken to the classroom. 5) They lived in a small town (situate) on the bank of a big river. 6) Some pupils (write) stories for children’s newspapers later become profe.ssional journalists. 7) Who is the boy (stand) in front of the others? 8) “At Bertram’s Hotel” (choose) for our homereading classes was written by Agatha Christie. 9) Some (develop) countries have very serious financial problems. 10) Julia’s husband had found a better (pay)job. Focus on Grammar' r Структуры c первым причастием (participle I) в английском языке могут соответствовать русскому деепричастному обороту или придаточному предложению; closing the window — закрывая окно/в то время как (я) закрывал окно... reading the newspaper — читая газету/когда я читал газету... skiing in the mountains — катаясь в горах на лыжах/когда я катался на лыжах... Express the same in Russian. 1) The old man sat in an armchair looking through a thick magazine. 2) The office receiving a ciuarterly* periodical is situated in the centre. 3) Reading British daily papers you can get information about important happenings everywhere in the world. 1 quarterly ['kwoilolil — ежеквартальный 81 Ш dJ c о -к- QJ ф ф и ф 4) Crossing the street he was stopped by a police officer. 5) People writing detective stories usually have a very rich imagination. 6) Writing a letter she tried to tell her parents how interesting her life has become. 7) Doing my shopping on Saturday I came across a friend of mine whom I haven’t seen for five years. 8) The pupils writing articles^ to our school newspaper are our local “journalists”. 9) Listening to a new American song she couldn’t understand a word. 10) Driving home Helen realized that something was wrong with her car. Focus on Word-buildin Прилагательные в английском языке могут быть образованы при помощи суффиксов -/у и -а/. 1у: week + 1у = weekly (еженедельный) month -н 1у = monthly (ежемесячный) quarter + |у = quarterly (ежеквартальный) day + |у = daily (ежедневный) а1; classical — классический annual — ежегодный chemical — химический formal — формальный, официальный sensational — сенсационный Complete the sentences using the Focus table above. 1) “Hello” is a ... magazine published in Florida every week, it is a ... magazine. 2) “The Times” is a ... British paper published every day except Sunday. 3) Every year we have our ... meeting of graduates. It usually happens in spring. 4) Her answer was ... and not friendly at all. 5) When are you going to have your next ... meeting? Last month it was held on the 22"^^ of September. 6) Jour-nals^ which appear 4 times a year are ... magazines. 7) What a lovely dress! You look .... dear! * an article ('u:tikl] — статья ^ a journal — a magazine containing articles relating to a particular profession (a medical journal, a scientific journal, etc.) сквозь А. push [puj ] — толкать through [0m:] — earn [з:п] — зарабатывать sell [scl] — продавать publish ['pAbliJ] — печатать, опубликовывать private ['praivii] — частный. личный general ['фопогз!] — общий article ['a:tikl] — статья type [taip] — печатать (на ne чатной машинке, компью тере) print [print] — печатать (кни ги, фотогра(рии) cheap [tfi:p] — дешевый В. push (l>): to push hard, to push a trolley, to push sb/sth away. Ann gently pushed him away. The boy was pushing a trolley around the supermarket. through (prep) (adv): through the forest, through the window, through the tunnel. It’s not easy to drive through the city at this time of the day. To be through with sth; Are you through with your work yet? earn (v): to earn money, to earn high marks, I earned fifty dollars working at the post-office. To earn one’s living: He has been earning his living since fourteen. sell (sold, sold) (v): to sell a car, to sell for some money. We sold the old bicycle for twenty-five dollars. publish (u): to publish a book (magazine, newspaper). We publish a weekly newspaper at school. private (adj): a private school, a private driveway, a private teacher, private life. You can’t park there, it’s a private driveway. general (adj): general education, a general idea, a general description, a general meeting. The gallery was open to the general public. In general (n): In general the weather here is very good, article (n): to read an article, to write an article for a newspaper, an article on/about sb/sth. We read an interesting article about this actress in our local newspaper. type (v): to type quickly, to type well. I didn’t know you could type. print (v): to print in colour, to print in black and white. You can print on both sides of the paper. Machines print words and pictures on paper. A printer: a colour printer. Ф Ф U Ф ф й) ф cheap (adj): cheap milk, cheap material, a cheap restaurant. Where does your granny buy such cheap and fresh vegetables? A. What can be private, cheap and депегаП Complete the charts. 1 talk 2 1 fruit 2 1 panic 2 B. Make 3—4 sentences with each adjective Answer the questions using the new words. 1) Have you ever earned any money? When was it? What did you do? 2) Do you think teenagers should work and earn money? Why? 3) What can you see when you look from the window of your room? 4) What newspapers are published and sold at the place where you live? 5) What do you prefer to buy: cheap clothes that you can change rather often or expensive clothes that will last for longer time? Why? 6) Do you type your letters when you want to send them or do you generally write them? Why? 7) Articles on what subjects interest you most? Where do you find them? Read the text and complete It with the following. Listen to the tape, (29), and check your answers. a) are very successful b) their problems c) in all parts of Britain d) shock and excite e) computer technology f) one of the few countries g) throw the others away h) profession, sport, hobby or interest The Press THE TIMES 4s (xr* •««Я iQv.t ЮОМ • Daily Telegraph THE INDEPENDENT f Oatltt^Hlail Britain is where daily newspapers are brought at the door before breakfast. Paperboys or girls push the papers’ through letterboxes before going to school. For them it is a way of earning some extra money. The national papers National newspapers are papers which are sold ______They fall in- to two groups: quality ['kwnliti] papers^ and popular papers. Quality papers give national and international news. They also publish articles on many general subjects. The famous quality papers are “The Times”, “The Daily Telegraph”, “The Independent”. The popular papers such as “The Daily Mail” or “The Sun” try to make news sensational [sen'scijonol]. They often publish “personal” articles which _i^. Much of their information is about the private lives of people who are in the news. The local news Local newspapers publish national as well as local news. Some of them have a high standard of reporting and (“The Scotsman”, “Glasgow Herald”). Many cities and towns have their own daily, evening or weekly papers. They present local news. ^ a paper = a newspaper 2 quality papers — serious papers 85 j < ): to investigate carefully. The police are investigating the mystery* (crime, etc.). evidence (n): to have a lot of (no, some) evidence. Have you any evidence that they were leaving early in the morning? Her bag on the table was the only evidence of her presence, courage {n)\ to show courage, to have the courage to do sth; it takes courage to do sth. Alan showed real courage saving the children from the fire. It took Sue a lot of courage not to agree, rewarding (adj): a rewarding job, a rewarding profession. Nursing can be a very rewarding career. event (n): an important event, a social event, a sporting event, the most tragic event. That night a terrible event happened! lie (n): to tell a lie, to tell lies, a terrible lie. Don’t believe her. She is fond of telling lies! Ф C О +-* u Ф on Complete the sentences using your new vocabulary. 1) I don’t think it’s fair .... 2) Don’t you remember that we are supposed 3) It’s your duty to ... . 4) I’m not sure who invented .... 5) How can we reach ...? 6) I suppose you will.... 7) Do you have the courage to ...? 8) Can you hold ...? 9) Have you any evidence that...? 10) If a person tells lies .... .? mystery ['misiori] — тайна ф u QJ uo Say 1) how often you are on duty at school 2) what doctors and nurses do when they are on duty 3) in what way you reach the school 4) who invented the radio, neutron bomb, printing press 5) what you are supposed to do when your parents are away 6) where you usually hold school (class) meetings and how often you do it 7) what rewarding jobs you know 8) if you ever tell lies 9) in what sporting events do you usually take part 10) if you have ever investigated anything 11) if you can give any evidence that the world is changing fast A. Read the text and make up titles for the three paragraphs into which the text falls. Journalists and Journalism a) ... Journalism has a long history. The first people who wrote down the news were Roman Senators in the 1**^ century BC. The first Roman papers were written out in more than 2,000 copies and sent everywhere in the Empire^ They were hung up in public places. People who could read called out the news to people who could not. For centuries news travelled very slowly and reached few people until the printing press was invented in the 15^^’ century. The first printed papers were published in Germany and Belgium in the early 17^*^ century. b) ... In most countries the press is taken very seriously. Journalists-to-be get special training in universities. Their duty is to inform the public in everything that happens in the country and abroad. Journalists are supposed to give fair comment on the events and are not supposed to change facts or tell lies. The stars of European and American journalism are very well known to the public and have real influence. Some of them write about politics, others — about economy, culture, morals, sports or other things * an empire ['empai^J — империя that interest people. Their articles may be reproduced in hundreds of local papers across the country. Governments understand a special role of the press. The British Parliament invites journalists to its daily question time when MPs address questions to ministers. It has become a tradition in the USA, Russia and some other countries to hold presidential press conferences where presidents speak to the press and answer journalists’ questions. c) • • • Very often journalists do more than just reporting and commenting on events, they investigate crimes or produce evidence of corruption or bad behaviour of officials. Many things that are hidden away become known with the help of journalists. Being a journalist is a difficult and even dangerous profession. One should have a lot of tact as well as courage. But this profession is really rewarding. B. Listen to the same text, (33), then learn to read it aloud. Find in the text English equivalents for the following: 1) экземпляры (газет, журна.яов) 2) их вывешивали в общественных местах 3) громко зачитывать (выкрикивать) новости 4) печатный станок 5) к прессе относятся очень серьезно 6) будущие журналисты 7) действительно имеют влияние 8) некоторые из них пищут о политике 9) могут перепечатываться (воспроизводиться) в сотнях местных газет по всей стране 10) члены парлахмента 11) коррупция и неправи.пьное поведение официальных лиц 12) многое из того, что скрыто 105 Ф О ф Focus on Vocabulary I. В английском языке служебные слова till и until могут: 1) быть союзами, соединяя две части сложноподчиненного предложения She decided to stay in Moscow till {untih her son arrives. For centuries news travelled very slowly and reached few people until (till) the printing press was invented in the 15^^ century. 106 V Read the dialogue, act it out and then make a similar one 114 X KJ QJ 1Л A. : What’s that book you’re reading? B. : It’s a new story by Alexandra Marinina. A. : Is it any good? B. : Of course it is. I enjoy all the books by this author. And why do you sound so sceptical? Don’t you read Marinina? A. : No, I don’t. I prefer Boris Akunin. B. : I think these two authors have a lot in common. They both write crime stories. A.: That’s not as I see it. I think Akunin and Marinina are very difficult to compare. Akunin mostly writes about the past and describes things in rather dark colours, but I still like him. Do It on Your Own 12 Complete the dialogue with the phrases from the Social English section. A. : Is this your newspaper? B. : Oh, thank you. I thought I had lost it. A. : Do you always read “Moskovsky Komsomolets”? B. : I do. It’s my favourite paper. Don’t you? A. : No, never. My paper is “Komsomolka”. B. : They both publish practically the same material. A. : I can’t agree with you here. Even if they write about the same things they do it differently. B. : What do you mean? A. : I mean that if you look carefully at the two papers, you’ll see that “Komsomolka” gives a better analysis of the events and offers more interesting comments. B. : But both of them are very popular and widely read. A. : I still think that “MK” is not as serious as “Komsomolka”. B. : OK. Let’s agree to differ. 13 Write a paragraph with the topic sentence Journalists play an important role in modern life. Remember to mention these: — if it is necessary to get a special education to become a journalist — where one can get this education — personal characteristics necessary for this job — if it is necessary to give their comment on the events — if journalists should give their opinion of the problem or just state facts — if being a journalist is a rewarding though often a dangerous profession — the name of a journalist you like/dislike (explain why) Section Seven. Creative Writing Do It Together Unit 1 (Step 7) told you what a paragraph Is. Now it's time to learn how to write a paragraph. Doing it it is useful to follow these steps: 1) Prewriting^ 2) Writing a draft^ 3) Revising and proofreading^ 4) Making a final copy Prewriting is the thinking and planning you do before you begin to write. Writing is easier if you think and plan first. Choose a topic for writing. Ask yourself questions about people, places, animals, or events that interest you. For example: Where would I like to go? What have I done lately that was fun? What would I like to know more about? List some topics. Think about each one. Choose the topic that gives you the most ideas. (Sometimes topics are already chosen for you.) Write your topic in the middle of the page. Then put down as many ideas about your topic as you can. * prewriting [,pri:'raitio] — подготовка к письму 2 a draft [draft] — черновик ^ revising and proofreading ['pru;f,ri:diQ] — проверка a; Qj to u LO А One girl, Julia, decided to write about Moscow, the city where she lives. Read what ideas she has written. QJ д 134 о $ U О) hand; 6) the ability to do something well; 7) someone who designs [di'zainz] and builds such things as roads, bridges, railways, machines; 8) a machine that does something to make one’s work easier (for example, a dishwasher, a microwave); 9) a machine, tool, or system that someone has made for the first time; 10) the act or way of using something. Complete the text with the new words. Jethro Tull was an 18^*' century е_Ш_ who first designed the seed drilP in 1730. His i was very important as it helped to i farming. Thanks to such agricultural machinery c_iiL production rose fast. The and cleverness of such people as Tull p_i£L. a lot on new tJ[IL_, machines, and d_i^L. Their u made it possible for England and other countries to t_il2L in grain^ and other cJHL and become richer. But new machines could be operated by fewer men and farm workers lost their jobs. Naturally, it made them angry, so in some parts of the country they even used w_lHL to make farmers destrov the new machines and in some other ar-eas it lil^ to mass emigration. Even if the agricultural revolution was progressive, it made a lot of hJiiLsuffer. Focus on Vocabulary m. Обрати внимание на то, что глагол use {использовать) и существительное use {использование), хотя и пишутся одинаково, имеют различное произношение; to use [ju:z] — use [ju:sl. Сравни: 1) The phone is in constant use [iu:s]. This room is now ready for use [juis]. 2) Candidates are not allowed to use [ju:z] dictionaries at the exams. I am used [juizdl to getting up late. Read the sentences aloud. Mind the way you pronounce use. Check your pronounciation, (40). 1) The tennis court is sometimes used as a car park. 2) How can we use this device? 3) Don’t throw that box away. I’m sure I can put it to some use. 4) He made full use of his journey. 5) Bying ^ a seed drill — сеялка 2 grain [grcin] — зерно that expensive dress was not the best use of our money. 6) We are all used to cold winters. 7) This phone number is only for use when I’m not in the office. 8) What textbooks do you use to teach English Grammar? 9) My family are used to living in the country in summer. 10) Can we use the verb to be in this sentence? ^'5 • i Did You Know That...? The Stone Age is the earliest period of human history when tools were made from stone. The old part of the Stone Age is called the paleolithic The neolithic period, or late Stone Age began around 10,000 years ago, when humans began to plant crops and keep farm animals. The Stone Age was followed by the Bronze Age, which began in some parts of the world in about 5,000 BC, but in other parts of the world Stone Age societies continued until the 19*^ century. The Iron Age is the time about 3,000 years ago when iron was used for making tools, weapons, etc. It was a more developed period than the Bronze Age before it. A. Read the text and answer the questions after it. History of Technology Part 1 The history of technology begins with the use of the stone tools by the earliest humans. The Old Stone Age, which began about 2.5 million years ago, produced stone tools, the use of fire, spears, the bow and arrow and simple oil lamps. The New Stone Age, which began about 9,000 BC, saw early farming, the use of the digging stick and the wood hoe. The stone tools spear oil lamp digging stick wood hoe c о 136 о $ Oi stone axe baskets chariot fleet were improved and stone axes began to be used for cutting down trees. Neolithic people learned to make pots, cloth, baskets, build houses and use early boats. The Bronze Age beginning about 4,000 BC gave birth to agricultural civilization. The use of copper^ and bronze led to a lot of new techniques and devices. That was the time when trade first appeared. Copper and bronze hand weapons came into use as well as horse drawn war chariots^. Building technology also developed fast during the Bronze Age. That was the time when people began building pyramids, which still impress us. While constructing pyramids Bronze Age builders solved some of the most difficult problems of construction technologies. They also knew how to irrigate their lands to get good crops. The Iron Age, which began about 2,000 BC was a new technical era ['tore»]. First of all iron started to be used in making weapons. Bronze and iron weapon gave Greece its military power. The ’ copper f'kDp.ij ^ horse drawn НИЦЫ - медь war chariots ['(кспль) — запряженные лошадьми колес- • I 1" II - i'll t ^ ! \ • arch waterwheel r> 1 column aqueduct plough Greeks built a large fleet, which they used for trading and for fighting in their wars. Greek builders used stone to produce their noble structures with massive columns. The skill of Roman engineers is legendary. They learned to build stone arches, domes and aqueducts. Roman engineers constructed the waterwheel to use its power. Even more important was the invention of a heavy plough. This new plough helped the civilization of northern Europe to develop. 1) What four eras in people’s history are mentioned in the text? 2) What were the most important inventions of each era? 3) Which of the things mentioned in the text were new to you? B. Listen to the text. (41), and learn to read it aloud. 10 History and technology are international words which you can find in many languages. What other International words can you see in the text (ex. 9)? What do they mean? 137 о § U cu LTi 138 о $ с о • и О) U1 А. Match the inventions and technologies with the ages when they appeared. The Old Stone Age The New Stone Age The Bronze Age The Iron Age cloth the waterwheel arch stone axe wood hoe irrigation digging stick /Л/И Л1U у aqueduct of stone plough pots use of fire first houses and boats B. Speak about one of these periods: the Old Stone Age, the New Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, 139 о 5 VJ q; КП Do It on Your Own 12 13 Write it in English. A, 1) Улучшить произношение; 2) важное изобретение; 3) вести к железнодорожному вокзалу; 4) усовершенствовать мастерство учащихся; 5) полезная культура (сельскохозяйственная); 6) торговля между странами; 7) опасное оружие; 8) улучшить нашу жизнь; 9) производить полезные инструменты и приспособления; 10) умение читать и писать. B. 1) У тебя есть какие-нибудь садовые инструменты? 2) Посудомоечная машина — очень полезное изобретение. 3) Куда ведет эта дорога? 4) Где было впервые произведено ядерное (nuclear) оружие — в Европе или США? 5) Сью решила улучшить свои оценки по литературе. 6) У Дианы насыщенная событиями жизнь. (Диана ведет...) 7) Сергей — инженер. Он обладает многими практическими и техническими навыками. 8) Я ничего не знаю об этой культуре. Знаю лишь, что ее пытаются выращивать на севере. 9) Бесполезно выращивать цветы на этой земле. Она очень плохая. 10) Торговля помогает улучшить контакты между странами. Write about yourself. What is that you 1) never (seldom, often, always) object to 2) like to participate in 140 Ш KJ <и 3) are never guilty of 4) are (not) used to 5) are (not) capable of doing 6) usually get tired of 7) will never (would like to) participate in 8) are really interested in 9) look forward to Section Three Do It Together Listen to the tape, (42), and match the short texts about different tools and devices with the pictures. Tools and Devices Tools we use in the garden a)spade Tools we use in the factory c) hoe [hoij] d) knife [naif] a) saw |sr):| b) tongs c) hammer d) axe Devices we use at home IL Ш a b a) toaster ['lousin] d)cooker |?н:1ФФ Ф mme о • Щ C b) dishwasher e) vacuum cleaner c) washing machine f) shaver 141 QJ U CD un Use the right preposition to complete the sentences — about, of, to, in, for, from. 1)1 apologize ... being so late. 2) Ronald is used ... working with different tools. 3) We are tired ... washing up ourselves. Can’t we buy a dishwasher? 4) My little brother is capable ... running very fast. 5) We all dream ... taking part in the coming dancing competition. 6) I’m sure the children are looking forward ... their travelling to the sea. 7) The noise in the next room prevented me ... learning the poem by heart. 8) I’m really happy that the school team succeeded ... winning the competition. 9) The neighbour blamed the boys ... breaking the window in his cottage. 10) The tourists thanked their guide ... helping them to do the sights of the city. Answer the questions. 1) What devices and tools made the human lives easier? 2) What do you think of being an engineer in future? 3) What in your opinion are the most important inventions from pre-historic times to nowadays? 4) What kind of weapons are the most dangerous nowadays? 5) Which skills do you think are very important for learning English? 6) With what countries should Russia de- й) velop trade? 7) Are you or any of your friends (relatives) fond of gardening? What crops can you find in their gardens? 8) What’s the use of such devices as the hair dryer, washing machine, dishwasher? 9) What kind of life do you and your friends lead: easy, hard, interesting, busy? Why do you think so? 10) What goods are produced in the place where you live? You know the words in column A. Read the sentences and guess what the words in column В mean. A В A human humanity lead c о human humane skill u trade trader engineer Oi LT) produce production invention improve improvement destroy leader skillful engineering inventor destruction 1) Keeping our air and water clean will help people, all humanity. 2) Doctor Albert Hill helped many sick people, even if they couldn’t pay. The villagers called him the humane doctor. 3) A trader is a person who buys and sells things. There are street traders and market traders. 4) The production of steel is an important industry of such Russian cities as Lipetsk and Chelyabinsk. 5) A balanced diet and exercise will lead to improvement of your health. 6) My friend is the leader of our school orchestra. 7) The Roman builders were very skillful. They could build beautiful domes and arches. 8) Engineering is the work that uses scientific information for practical things, such as building bridges, producing plastics, etc. 9) Do you know who the inventor of television was? 10) Bacteriological weapons are modern weapons of mass destruction. Focus on Grammar ► 1. В английском языке определенный артикль (the) часто используется с существительными в единственном числе для того, чтобы обозначить какой-либо класс предметов или животных в противопоставление другим классам Например: The elephant is а big strong animal that lives in Africa and India. The thermometer has been used by people for many centuries. 2. Неопределенный артикль (а/ап) с существительными в единственном числе, в свою очередь, используется для обозначения представителя клас-са предметов или животных. Например. А fox IS а common animal in many parts of the world. A barometer is a useful thing to have at home. 3 Множеавенное число существительных в этом случае означает всех представителей такого класса. Тогда употребляется нулевой артикль. Crocodiles сап be dangerous. Cars first appeared in the 19^^ century. 4. Английские слова man {человеческое существо или мужчина) и woman употребляются в единственном числе и с нулевым артиклем, если используются для обозначения целого класса людей. Man is а part of the natural world. What IS the role of woman in the modern world? Сравни; Don't cry, be a man! A woman in love always looks beautiful. Здесь слова a man, a woman обозначают мужчину и женщину как представителей класса. Ф Ф с о 4—» KJ О) ио Use the right article {a, the, —) to complete the sentences. In some sentences both are possible. 1) ... computer has greatly changed the life of people. 2) I have always believed in goodness of ... man. 3)... dinosaurs lived very long time ago and are now extinct. 4)... rabbits make very good pets. 5)... windmill uses the power of the wind to do different kinds of work. 6) ... wolf seldom lives alone. 7) ... bluebird is a small songbird of North America. 8) Some people still think that ... woman’s place is at home. 9) ... column is usually used to support the roof of a building. 10) ... comet often looks like a bright star. 11) ... honeybees make and store honey. 12) ... helmet' should be worn when you ride a motocycle or a bike. Learn some new words. Listen to the tape, [■■J (43), and repeat A, enable [ihieibl] — давать воз можность, делать возмож ным explore [ik'spbi] вать исследо- а helmet ['hclniclj — шлем 144 О) Ш С о <и Ln iron ['агэп] — 1) железо; 2) утюг need fni:cij — нужда, потребность train [trcm] — готовить, тренировать achievement [У1П;утэп1] — достижение knowledge ['iiDlicfe] — знание argue ['a:gju:] — спорить, возражать create [kri'eit] — создавать engine ['end^in] — двигатель, мотор opportunity [ opo'tjiiaioli] — возможность give a rise to sth — послужить началом, дать толчок on the one hand, on the other hand — c одной стороны, с другой стороны В, explore (и): to explore tlie planet, to explore a new country. Astronauts ['LCslronDits] explored the Moon to learn what it is like. iron (n): l)Iron is a grey-white metal and a chemical element. 2) We use irons to press trousers and shirts. need (/z ): a special need for sth, a strong need for sb/sth. There is a real need for nurses in this hospital. They say there is a crying need for skilled workers. engine (zz): a big engine, a powerful engine, a diesel ['di:zol] engine, a four cylinder engine. The engine of a car gives the power that moves the car. train (u): to train engineers, to train sportsmen, to train hard. The boys are training hard for the big match, achievement (zz): important achievements, great achievements, the main achievement, an achievement in some science. She was offered a place at Cambridgee University which is a real achievement. knowledge (zz): to have some (no) knowledge of sth. I have some knowledge of the subject, I can explain your mistake. My teacher’s comments helped to improve my knowledge of Physics, argue (v): to argue with sb, to argue about sth, to argue for or against sth. Alice always argues with her mother. I argued against going to the beach because it looked like raining, create (u): to create a character in a novel, to create a problem, to create the world. How do I create a new file? opportunity (n): a wonderful opportunity, to have an opportunity to do sth, to take the opportunity to do sth. I’d like to take the opportunity to thank all of you for coming. give rise to sth: Such behaviour can give rise to other problems, on the one hand: On the one hand mobile telephones are very useful but on the other hand they can be dangerous. Which is the odd word out? 1) enable, create, try, engine, argue, need 2) achievement, opportunity, create, knowledge, engine 3) iron, dishwasher, toaster, hair dryer, knowledge 4) disappear, reread, irregular, engine, enable 5) discover, explore, enable, argue, create 6) iron, engine, opportunity, tram, bacon, son 7) argue, enable, achievement, alphabet, advertisement OJ о OJ Focus on Vocabuia to invent to create something new to discover to find something that already existed but was not known about before 1) Trains were invented before cars. 1) Galileo discovered the planet Jupiter ['chirpim]. 2) People began to invent tools very early in their history. 2) Columbus [kvVlAmbns] discovered America in 1492. 3) Will the time machine ever be invented? 3) When did you discover that you'd made a mistake? Invent or discover? Complete the sentences. 1) I’d like to know who ... the mobile phone. 2) Many years ago they ... iron in this place. 3) Penicillin was ... by Alexander Fleming. 4) When was the atom ...? 5) All through their history people ... new and new weapons. 6) Australia was ... for Europeans by James Cook. 7) In what country was money first ...? 8) I’ve recently ... that my home town has a very interesting history. 9) Alexander Graham Bell ... the telephone in 1876. 10) He ... the truth about his birth only when he was a grown-up man. 146 QJ Ф KJ О u О; сл At the same time the USA carried on its programme of the Moon exploration and in 1969 Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. In 1975 the USSR and the USA made the first space experiment [ik'spenmant] together. The future of space exploration seems to be connected with cooperation work in space. People’s desire^ to know more about the world around us will never be satisfied and we can get the best results if we do this hard work together. B. Choose the right item. 1) The age of space exploration began . a) before b) with . the first space flights c) after 2) Interplanetary probes ... information. a) produce and collect b) collect and transmit c) produce and transmit 3) At the beginning the USSR and the USA worked in the field of space exploration .... a) together b) individually c) with the help of otlier countries 4) A manned flight is a flight in which the spaceship is operated by ... . a) people on Earth b) robots c) astronauts 5) Leonov’s flight was memorable because he was the first man .... a) to wear a special spacesuit b) to become a copilot c) to stay in outer space 6) American astronauts reached the Moon ... Russian cosmonauts. a) before b) together with c) after 7) It seems that in the future people of different countries will ... for space exploration. a) unite b) do more work c) be thanked ‘ desire (di'/an) — a strong wish Speak about the history of space exploration. Mention the following: 1) space exploration before tlie beginning of space flights 2) unmanned flights into space 3) manned flights into space 4) competition and cooperation in space exploration Do It on Your Own 12 Choose the right word crew ox team to complete the sentences. 1) Our teacher asked us to work on the project Space Exploration. We had a ... of four pupils to work on it. 2) In 1975 the Soviet ... of Soyuz 19 and the US ... of Apollo 18 worked in space together. 3) I’m not sure that our school basketball ... will win the game. 4) A stewardess is a member of the ... . 5) The ... is waiting for instructions from the captain. 6) John is in the school hockey ... . 7) The carriage was drawn by a ... of four white honses. 8) The train ... consisted of fifteen people. 9) Do you know the film ...? 10) A television ... was sent to make a documentary on the Olympic Games. 169 VJ O' t/1 13 Express the same in English. A. 1) Полет в космос; 2) полет из Парижа в Лондон; 3) спасательное оборудование; 4) оба астронавта; 5) соревноваться в беге (гонках); 6) проблема отцов и детей; 7) отложить полет; 8) запустить ракету в воздух; 9) запоминающееся событрте; 10) в целом удовлетворить всех; 11) вся Вселенная. B. 1) Первый полет вокруг Земли был совершен Ю. Гагариным. 2) В футбольной команде 11 игроков. 3) Оба моих родителя удовлетворены моими школьными результатами. 4) Анна стояла и держала вазу двумя руками. 5) Молодое поколение не хуже и не лучше. Оно другое. 6) В целом мне нравится ваш проект. 7) Мы провели целый вечер, соревнуясь друг с другом. 8) Девятое мая — памятная дата в нашей истории. 9) Наша Вселенная хранит много тайн. (В нашей Вселенной...) 170 X 1/1 и CU 1Л Section Six. Consolidation Class Do It Together Listen to the text Mobile Phones", (49), and complete the sentences below in the right way. # • 1) Doctor Martin Cooper was the father of the a) radio phone b) telephone c) cell phone 2) A cell phone ... like a radio. a) functions b) looks c) costs 3) Car phones of the 1980s were a) cheap b) not very cheap c) not cheap at all 4) Mobile phones are cheaper than radio phones because a) people share the same frequencies^ b) people don’t need any special equipment c) people use special channels • • • * frequency [Triikwansi] ция) частота (волны, на которой ведется транс ля- 5) Every two people speaking on cell phones use .... a) one frequency b) two frequencies c) more than two frequencies 6) Something that modern mobile phones can not do is ... . a) contacting the Internet b) sending and getting messages c) printing Working in pairs discuss pros and cons of using mobile phones. You can find some ideas below useful. Pros (+) Cons (—) 1) It gives you an opportunity to contact your family and friends at any time you need. 1) Mobile phone calls don’t give you a chance to concentrate. 2) It stores^ some useful information. 2) Mobiles may be bad for the user’s health. 3) It can wake you up in the morning. 3) People sometimes buy them not because they need them but because mobiles have become fashionable. • • Ф • * • 171 X U1 u CU 1Л You know the words In column A. Read these words and sentences after them and say what the words in column В mean. equipment memorable satisfy launch, V whole equip a) memory; b) memories a) satisfaction; b) satisfactory launch, n wholly 1) The ship was equipped with special devices to be used in case of fire. 2) We should equip the football team with new uniforms. * to store [stDi] — хранить 172 X KJ <1) on 3) Му elder brother has а good memory for facts and dates. 4) The student recited the poem from memory. 5) The trip to Canada was one of their happiest memories. 6) Don’t you get a lot of satisfaction from doing your homework well? 7) Your test in maths is more than satisfactory. 8) The launch of the new US space shuttle^ was successful. 9) I wholly agree with you. Read the text Going Underground" and say which of the metros" is mentioned in paragraphs 1—5. a) the oldest of them b) the most comfortable c) the one which carries the biggest number of passengers d) the one which shows the style of decoration matching the capital e) the one which has the longest lines Going Underground In the 1860s London was, quite literally, the capital of the world. The city was growing, and as its population grew as well, transport in the city became a big problem. Some new way of travelling was needed and people looked to^ the innovations of the Industrial Revolution. The invention of the steam engine was relatively new and exciting and people began to think that it could be possible to transport people by trains underground. So it was that in 1863, using techniques borrowed from digging tunnels for other uses, a 2-mile line from Paddington in West London to Farringdon in East London was built. Major cities all over the world soon copied this type of city transit engineering. The most famous include: 1. Moscow underground which is the largest in terms of passenger numbers, with more than a billion passenger journeys a year. Some underground stations are very beautiful and include sculptures, mosaic pictures in the ceilings, picturesque decorations. The first line was open in the thirties of the 20^*^ century. It ran through the city centre and had just ten stations. к * a space shuttle [|л1П — космический корабль многоразового использования ^ to look to — to give all your attention to sth 2. The New York underground which is the largest in terms of kilometres covered. It is often called the “Subway” and is one of the world’s cheapest, with a single journey to and from any station just $2. It is characterized by the fact that its lines are named by numbers and letters (like 1, 3 and A, D) and has carriages that are heated in winter and air-conditioned in summer. 3. The Paris Metro which was built at the turn of the 20^*’ century^ and has 368 stations covering 15 lines and transporting around six million people daily. Some stations are designed in a very artistic way characterized by flower and leaf motifs. The architect Hector Guimard decorated this mass transit system in tune with the city. 173 X un u QJ 1/1 4. The Tokyo subway which became notorious^ in 1995 when Aum Shinri Kyo cult^ used Sarin gas on a train, killing 12 people. However, it is one of the safest underground systems and generally people characterize it as the world’s best in terms of ease of use and comfort. 5. The London Underground (The Metropolitan Railway) which was opened in 1863 and Londoners at once began speaking about it as a fashionable way to travel. The Metropolitan Railway grew and began to be called the Tube because of the narrow tunnels that characterize the older parts of the system. Today the London Underground covers most of Greater London with 11 different lines and 970 million passenger journeys every year. * at the turn of the 20'*' century — в начале XX столетня ^ notorious [naij'l.OTias] — пользующийся дурной славой; печально известный ^ cult [клМ] — культ, поклонение; зд.: секта Look at the pictures and speak about the progress in transportation. Use the words and word combinations from the box. At the beginning... Then... Later... After some time... With years... Nowadays... In the future... 174 X • tn u 1/1 boat carriage car electric train cart bus chariot ocean liner plane helicopter spaceship Mention the following: — why transportation developed so fast — what kind of transportation people wanted to have (speed, comfort, the number of passengers) — what transportation will be like in the future Complete the text with the right words. Discuss the problem. Space and Us In March 2004 a new planet was 10 billion kilometers from Earth and was named Sedna. It was found by the Hubble which cost millions of dollars. Some people say Sedna is not really a planet. Anyway, the news very exciting because the planet beyond the planetary solar system. Space now has become _iiL! Such countries as Russia, the USA and Japan are planning to send more astronauts into space and spend more money on it. Is space exploration so important? Read the arguments below and say with which of them you agree. YES /We need to know more about the universe we live in. We must do it so that we can make more to improve our world. / We need to find out if there is life and water on other planets. /We must be ready to colonize other planets. NO / The money for space exploration should be spent on looking planet Earth as we live on it. / We should spend money on poor people. / We should think more about health than about going to other planets. 1) a)invented 2) a) microscope 3) a) is 4) a) found 5) a) large 6) a)- 7) a) discoveries 8) a) at 9) a) these 10) a) people b) discovered b) periscope b) are b) finds b)larger b) a b) inventions b) for b)those b) people’s c)opened c) telescope c) will be c) was found c) the largest c) the c) equipment c) after c) this c) peoples’ \ 175 X 1Л KJ QJ X 1Л с о ш v/^ You are asked to prepare a talk on space exploration beginning with the first manned flight. Speak about the highlights^ in this field. Mention these: — the Soviet Union and the USA in their competition to explore space — famous Soviet cosmonauts — cooperation in space exploration Consider the following: Highlights of manned space missions 1) 1961 — Vostok 1 (USSR). Yuri Gagarin is the first to orbit the Earth. 2) 1963 — Vostok 6 (USSR). Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space. 3) 1965 — Voskhod 2 (USSR). Alexei Leonov is the first to leave a spaceship for a space walk. 4) 1968 — Apollo 8 (USA). First manned flight orbits the Moon. 5) 1969 — Apollo 11 (USA). First manned Moon landing; Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin walk on the Moon. 6) 1975 — Soyuz 19 (USSR) and Apollo 18 (USA). The American and Soviet crews cooperate in experiments. 7) 1986 — Soyuz T15 (USSR). Russia launches a new space station, M/r, into the Earth’s orbit. 8) 1995—1999 (USA). Mars Orbiters were launched to study the Martian ['muijsn] weather, climate and water and carbon dioxide budget. 9) 2000—2005 — USA, Russia, Europe and Japan work in cooperation and launch space probes. Mars, Lunar, Saturn and Pluto orbiters to explore the Earth and the other planets. /4. Listen to the dialogue Should We Spend so Much Money Exploring Space?", [«] (50), then read and role-play It. Should We Spend .so Much Money Exploring Space? A. : My short answer to this question is yes. We are part of the universe. I think we must find out what else there is in it. B. : Sorry, but I don’t think space discoveries could help us. At least^ I can’t see how space exploration has helped us so far. ’ highlights — основные вехи at least — no крайней мере A. : Well, it may be that it hasn’t helped a lot. Definitely it hasn’t helped to find a cure for this or that illness. But I am sure we may find something in space that will help us to find such cures in the future or we may discover something else. B. : You may be right. But all these advantages are so uncertain and space exploration is so expensive. A. : Oh yes, it is. You’re absolutely right here, but I don’t think we can spend less. We can’t tell the scientists to make it cheaper and we need to know what is happening in the universe. It might help us to survive. And do you think we should stop exploring space? B. : Гш not quite sure but I think we can stop it for a few years and spend the money on more important things. A. : Like what? B. : Like pollution, illnesses. We should think about drinking water. In fact we should spend this money on the Earth’s problems. B. In one or two groups organize a talk about billions spent on space exploration in which some students speak for and some against it. Give examples. 177 X KJ Ф Focus on Social English 5T> Doubt Learn to express doubt and certainty^ in English Certainty I’m sure that... I'm certain that... I have no doubt about it. There is no doubt about it. I'm positive... I кпо\л/ I'm right. I’m not quite sure but... I have a feeling that... It must be... It may be... It might be... It could be... It IS possible that... It IS probable that... Note: Обрати внимание, что глаголы must, may, could, might в значении «возможно» выражают различную степень сомнения. must may could might низкая степень сомнения (я почти уверен) высокая степень сомнения (я очень сомневаюсь, но возможно) ’ doubt and certainty — сомнение и уверенность 178 X ■ 1/1 U О» 1Л 10 Express certainty or doubt and give your reaction to the following. 1) In the future there will be no nations or races, all peoples will be one big family. 2) In the 21®^ century humans will colonize other planets of the solar system. 3) Very soon people will make machines do all possible work for them and spend most of the time enjoying themselves. 4) Very soon books will disappear and their role will be played by computers. 5) It’s not so long before all children will be taught at home with the help of special computer programmes. 6) The world ocean contains as many secrets and mysteries as outer space. 7) The planet Earth is facing some very bad ecological problems. 8) Soon there will be no paper money or coins, only bank cards. 9) In the near future people will live not less than 200 years. 10) There will be no difference between town and country. All people will live in megapolises. Add to the dialogue phrases expressing doubt and certainty. A. : Look! There’s some object in the sky, there, above the hill. B. : It’s an aeroplane. A. : Oh, no, look, it’s flying too fast for a plane. It’s UFO. B. : Don’t be silly. I don’t believe in UFOs. They are a fruit of people’s imagination. A.: What makes you so sure? Look, it’s coming nearer. It has a funny shape. Is it a big bird? B.: No, it isn’t. Birds move their wings. If this thing has wings, it doesn’t move them. A. : It’s not a plane or a helicopter because there is no noise. It’s an UFO! It is so exciting! B. : Don’t speak too soonL It is not. Wait! I see now! It is a hang-glider^! * Don’t speak too soon. — He спеши c выводами. 2 a hang-glider — дельтаплан Work in pairs, use the phrases from Focus on Social English (p. 177) and discuss if 1) yetis (big hairy manlike animals) live in the Himalayan Mountains 2) the Loch Ness Monster really lives in a lake in Scotland 3) life was brought onto our planet from space 4) most of our planet will soon be under water 179 Do It on Your Own 12 Write a paragraph about one of the astronauts. Mention the following — what the astronaut’s name is and where he/ she is from — when his/her spaceship was launched into space — if he/she was alone on the orbit or worked with a crew — why his/her flight is memorable C O) > to KJ сл The Egyptians were an ancient race of Caucasians^ living in one of the northern sections of Africa. The latter as we all know is the largest continent in the Eastern hemisphere^. The Egyptians are extremely interesting to us today for various reasons. Modern science would still like to know what the secret ingredients were that the Egyptians used when they wrapped up dead people so that their faces would not rot^ for innumerable centuries. This interesting riddle is still quite a challenge to modern science in the twentieth century. He stopped reading and put my paper down. I was beginning to hate him. “Your essay ends there,” he said in his very sarcastic voice. “However, you left me a little note, at the bottom the page,” he said. “I know I did,” I said. I said it very fast because I wanted to stop him before he started reading that out loud. But you couldn’t stop him. DEAR MR SPENCER [he read]. That is all I know about the Egyptians. I am not very interested in them although your lectures are very interesting. It is all right with me if you flunk me though as I am flunking everything else except English anyway. Respectfully yours, Holden Caulfield. B. Listen to the same text, (56), then learn to read it aloud and find in it English equivalents for the following: 1) отвратительная уловка 2) У меня не было выбора. 3) по ряду причин 4) неизвестные компоненты 5) Твое сочинение на этом заканчивается. 6) самым саркастическим тоном, на который он был способен 7) я не против (того, чтобы) 8) я проваливаю все остальное 9) с уважением * Caucasian [ko/kcizian] — кавказец, житель Кавказа ^ а hemisphere ['hemisfiaj — полушарие ^ to rot — гнить, разлагаться Answer the questions on the text "Holden Comes to His Teacher". 1) Did Holden understand that the essay he had written was no good? 2) What was wrong with the essay? 3) Why didn’t Holden want his teacher to read his essay out loud? 4) Why had Holden written a note to Mr Spencer at the bottom of the page? 5) Did his teacher understand him? 6) Why does it often happen that children and grown-ups don’t understand each other? Did it ever happen to you? What is the best way to understanding? 7) How do you understand the term generation gap? Can you give an example of how it works? 8) Do you think the generation gap is a really big problem? 199 о § C О VJ CD КЛ Do It on Your Own 10 Complete the sentences with prepositions and adverbs. 1) They usually put the number of a page ... the bottom of it. 2) If you talk ... riddles, no one will understand you. 3) There was a small cottage ... the top ... the hill. 4) What is your reason ... speaking so rudely with them? 5) His offer is a challenge ... me. 6) My younger brother never showed any respect ... me. 7) The note on the table was ... my parents. 8) There was a huge pile ... papers near her computer. 9) I have just finished wrapping ... the vase I’m going to give my mother for X-mas. 10) You can show your respect... the rules by following them. Express the same in Russian. 1) Я хочу, чтобы ты прочитал эту книгу. 2) Я не хочу, чтобы Макс приходил домой поздно. 3) Мне бы хотелось, чтобы мой друг помог мне. 4) Мне бы не хотелось, чтобы мама так много работала. 5) Мы ожидаем, что они выиграют этот матч. 6) Они не ожидают, что мы вернемся так скоро. 7) Он не хотел, чтобы его родители знали об этом. 8) Наши учителя ожидают, что мы хорошо напишем тест. Section Three 200 Ф Ф c о u Ф Do It Together Listen to the text "Unusual School", [«j (57), read the statements below (1—7) and say which of them are true, false or not mentioned In the text. 1) Teenagers usually love music. 2) All pupils in the UK can study DJing at school. 3) The BRIT .school prepares only radio presenters. 4) The BRIT school has a lot of money to develop DJ projects. 5) All students who want to become DJs should imitate some music star. 6) Shortie, a pupil of the BRIT .school, thinks that he should have good academic results. 7) Shanon and Lauren became radio presenters when they were 15. You know the words In column A. Read the sentences and guess what the words in column В mean. pile extremely reason various challenge respect note В to pile extreme reasonable variety challenging respectable respectful to note 1) Не piled food onto his plate and went to the table near the window. 2) rd like to thank you for your extreme kindness. 3) You must be reasonable: I can’t meet you at the station while I am at work. 4) Daniel says that his job is boring — there is no variety in it. 5) The work we had to do was hard but challenging. 6) Everyone thinks that Mr Ross is a respectable man, who can be an example to us all. 7) Mr Harrison was a respectable gentleman of about seventy. 8) You should be more respectful to your parents. 9) It is so interesting to note that the biggest part of the city was built only recently. Say what your family usually a) expect/don’t expect b) want/don’t want c) would like/wouldii4 like What is your usual reaction? Do you enjoy, hate or don’t mind it? Example: My granny wants me to do the shopping every Saturday and I don't mind it. CD Ф C О u Ф 1Л your future as you would like it to be. Use the complex object where you can. Example: I would like to have a big family. I would like my will-be husband (wife) to love and understand me. I would like us to live in the country in a comfortable house. Focus on Grammar 1 Сложное дополнение (complex object) в английском языке часто ис пользуется после так называемых глаголов чувственного, слухового и зри тельного восприятия: to feet, to hear, to see, to watch, to notice. I saw Ann dance at the party. We heard him play the piano. Обрати внимание на то, что в структуре сложного дополнения после вы шеуказанных глаголов инфинитив употребляется без частицы to. 202 ): to claim something, to claim falsely. Did anyone claim the lost umbrella? Nigel claimed that he had done all the work without help. likely (adv): most likely, very likely. Tony will most likely win the competition. To be likely/unlikely to do something. He is likely to win the game. They are unlikely to arrive that early, unemployed (adj): unemployed men, unemployed people. The factory closed and there were a lot of unemployed people in the area. tear (tore, torn) (l>): to tear a dress on a nail, to tear a page out of one’s notebook, to tear something up. Andrew tore his shirt when he was climbing over the fence. I tore the envelope open. Bob has torn off a sheet from the pad of paper. date (o): to date somebody. I dated Caroline during last summer. Jane and me have been dating for half a year, stupid {adj): to feel stupid, to look stupid, a very stupid thing to do. 1 felt really stupid when I understood what had happened. That was just a stupid plan. worry {v): to worry somebody; to worry about somebody/something. Stop worrying, dad, we’ll be fine. Don’t worry the driver with unnecessary questions. citizen (n): to be a good citizen. We should teach our students to be good citizens. exist (v): to exist somewhere. Does life exist on this planet? A person cannot exist for long without water, allow {v): to allow doing sth, to be allowed to do something. Do they allow smoking in the cinema? — Certainly not. Will you allow me to use your bicycle? Jack is not allowed to go to the forest alone. Complete the situations by making a conclusion^ Example; The train usually arrives at 9 o'clock. Now it is five minutes to nine and we neither see nor hear it. — The tram is likely to be late./The train is not likely (unlikely) to be on time. 1) Some time ago the sun was shining and now the sky is covered with heavy dark clouds. 2) Steve is leaving school this year. He is working very hard as he wants to become a doctor. 3) Mary doesn’t look well today and she says she has a headache. 4) 1’ ve been calling Andrew the whole evening but nobody takes the phone. 5) The new school is nearly ready. There is still some time before the of September. 6) The whole family have gathered in front of the television. They all support the same football team. 7) George enjoys acting, and he is very good at it. He is thinking of an acting career. 1 209 u OI on a conclusion [kon'klu^on] — заключение \J й) т 8) Fred is very busy at the moment. He is helping his old aunt who is very ill. I don’t think we’ll see him this summer. 9) The shop closes at eight. It is five to eight now. What shall we do about the food? 10) The runners are coming to the finishing line. Susan is well ahead of the other athletes. Express the same in a different way. Use the new words. 1) 1 want people who belong to Russia to be proud of their country. 2) When the letter was nearly finished, Margaret pulled it into small pieces and started anew. 3) Some people may think that Denis is a very slow thinker but in fact he is not. I would even say that he’s quite clever. 4) Phil’s bad health makes his parents feel that something wrong is going to happen. 5) To keep the cut flowers unchanged we can put them in a dark cool place. 6) Julia’s parents say that she can stay up late and watch late-night films. 7) On our planet there were several civilizations. 8) Kate goes out with a very nice boy. They seem to be very happy together. 9) Jeremy hasn’t had a job for a long time. I hope he’ll find one soon. 10) Pauline assured us that she was the best pupil in her class. 11) It looks like the weather will be wonderful today. 12) Helping the children was a very good thing to do. i Focus on Grammar К i в настоящее время в рамках словообразовательного процесса — конверсии — весьма типичным является образование новых слов по модели Adj — N, когда на базе имени прилагательного образуются имена существительные, которые употребляются с определенным артиклем и обозначают группы людей. Например. Adjective old young rich Noun the old [старые {люди), старики] the young [молодые {люди), молодежь] the rich [богатые {люди), богачи] poor deaf[dcQ blind [blamd] dumb [dAfTi] unemployed the poor [бедные {люди), бедняки] the deaf [глухие {люди)] the blind [слепые {люди)] the dumb [немые {люди)] the unemployed [безработные {люди)] These picture books are for young readers. Jack is my ojd friend. adjectives nouns The old and the young do not always understand each other. The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. How much money do the unemployed get in this country? Use the where necessary to complete the sentences. 1)... blind can learn to read with the help of their fingers. 2) She became ... blind at the age of ten. 3) She looked ... young enough to be his daughter. 4) This government has helped ... rich but has done nothing to help ... poor. 5) A special school for ... deaf is being built in our town. 6) Mr Morrison asked us to speak more loudly, as he was rather ... deaf. 7)... deaf, ... blind and ... dumb are the categories of people who may have problems finding a job. 8) This part of the city is ... old and very beautiful. 9) What do we call people who can’t hear: do we call them ... deaf or ... dumb? 10) Alice is too ... young to drive a car. 11) The number of ... unemployed people is rising all the time. A. Read the text and answer the questions: a) What is BNP's idea about immigrants? b) Why is it wrong? Racism in Britain Twenty years ago there used to be not so many blacks and Asians in local government or on TV as newsreaders; now it is very common. The culture of these people is becoming more and more part of British lifestyle. But can we say that racism has become a fact of the past or does it still exist? The British National Party (BNP), an extreme right-wing group is supported by about 4% of the population. The leaders of the party say that they are a respectable party wanting to “preserve the future of Britain by sending ethnic minorities back to the country they come from.” But their deeds speak louder than their words. The BNP’s members take part in attacks on Asian people. 211 CD 212 О О KJ О» They and their supporters (of which there are about 20,000) claim that the blacks and Asians are stealing their jobs. But black and Asian people are two and a half times more likely to be unemployed than whites. At the same time, there are a lot of Asians and blacks in medicine and law. The only way they are stealing white people’s jobs is by getting better qualifications. As the British law allows all British citizens to get their education free, blacks and Asians get these job places in a fair competition with whites. Many blacks and Asians w^ere invited to Britain after the Second World War and in the 1950s and 60s when Britain needed working hands. Immigrants were prepared to do tlie jobs white people did not want. The BNP’s idea of repatriation sounds especially strange if you remember that blacks and Asians are just as British as any other citizens of the country because most of them were born in the UK. It is natural that this problem worries British teenagers and they feel strongly about it. This is what some black and Asian teens said about racism. D h a r a: I feel half British, half Indian, torn between the two cultures. Jaskiran: I don’t think I could ever live in India. I can’t speak Punjabi^ very well and I feel like an outsider there. Sheridan: About ten years ago people threw bottles at my uncle because he was dating a white girl. Dunjhaise: I don’t think the BNP will get into power because Britain is so multi-cultural and I don’t think the population will support them. They don’t make me angry. I just think they’re stupid. B. Find in the text Racism in Britain" English equivalents for the following: Ha телевидении в качестве ведущих новостей; британский образ жизни; крайне правая группировка; этнические меньшинства; честное соревнование; идея возвращения (их) на родину; они остро это чувствуют; я чувствую себя там чужим; многонациональное государство. С Listen to the same text, (60), and learn to read it aloud. Punjabi [pMi'cfetrbi] — язык пенджаби I « Did You Know That...?^ Racial and ethnic groups are one of the most sensitive topics. Nowadays more and more groups of people prefer to be called by the name they have chosen themselves. For example, many Americans whose families originally came from Africa prefer to be called African-American. But there are others who prefer to be called black because they see themselves as American, not African. At any given time members of a certain racial or ethnic group prefer different terms and the words that were used before become outdated. For example, in books and articles that were written in the middle of the last century you may see expressions like OrientalChinaman. Be careful not to use old-fashioned and offensive words like these. Use more acceptable terms, such as Chinese people. Read the text "Racism in Britain" again and answer these questions. 1) When did Britain begin to become a multi-cultural country and why? 2) Why is it difficult to say that racism in Britain is dead? 3) What does the BNP work for? Do they use only peaceful methods in their activity? 4) What are the BNP’s arguments when they say that blacks and Asians should be repatriated? 5) What is the situation in the labour market^ in Britain? 6) Can you understand the teenagers who speak about racism and have problems because of their nationality? 7) Do you think it is good or bad for a society to be multi-cultural? What is the situation like in your country? 8) Do you think racism exists in your society? — У 213 yj (U 10 A. Find in the text Racism in Britain" a sentence with structure used to do sth and remember what it means. B. Say the same in a different way. Example; Some time ago I went to the British Museum almost every Saturday. Now I have no time for it. Some time ago I used to go to the British Museum almost every Saturday. Now I have no time for it. 1) When James was younger he spent hours fishing in the lake. He doesn’t do it anv more. labour market — рынок труда 214 О u cu 2) A couple of years ago I didn’t do any sport. Now I do a lot of jogging which keeps me fit. 3) I know that now you keep no pets. Did you do it in your childhood? 4) In olden days^ people travelled rather slowly. Now we have fast trains and jet planes. 5) Diana never thought about serious problems when she was in her teen years. Now she has become very different. 6) When Caroline was a child she hated even the smell of coffee. Now she drinks a lot of it. 7) When we were young we spent a lot of time together. Unfortunately, we don’t see a lot of each other now. 8) It seems that Jane and Colin don’t like each other very much. Did they date when they were younger? 9) Peter was a quiet and friendly boy at school. What’s happened to him? 10) Kathy played a lot of tennis when I first met her. Now she prefers golf. Look at the pictures and say what the grandfather told his grandchildren about his young years. What questions did they ask him? Example; Did you use to have a lot of friends? friends. I used to have a lot of ^ In olden days = long time ago ч Do It on Your Own 12 13 Cross out the odd word. 1) preserve, claim, deed, exist, tear 2) allow, claim, tear, date, citizen 3) date, claim, may, likely, faint 4) preserve, citizen, likely, worry, stupid 5) unemployed, unsuccessful, understand, unhappy, unlikely Express the same in English using complex object. 1) Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы присоединились к нам. 2) Ты слышишь, что звонит телефон? 3) Я почувствовал, что моя маленькая племянница взяла меня за руку. 4) Я увидела, как Эндрю открыл сумку и достал из нее бумаги (документы). 5) Мы заметили, что Алиса начала что-то писать. 6) Мои родители не хотят, чтобы я стал певцом. 7) Мы наблюдали за тем, как дети плавали в море. 8) Я никогда не видел, как он танцует. 215 О) U а> Section Five Do It Together You will hear what five young people say about some famous teen hangouts^ in the world, (61). Match what each teenager says (1—5) with the statements (a—f). There is one extra statement. 'IP 1. Charlie 2. Tonv 3. Martin 4. Jill 5. Sue a) It is a fantastic place to visit. You can shop all day and dance all night. b) I prefer to spend the end of December there. Together with my friends we have the most unusual celebration of the important Christian Festival. ^ hangout ['haioaut] — место встреч, отдыха О) о <и to c) It is а good magnet for teens. There are always young people from all over the world there and they can meet in various clubs. d) I like this cooP place and have very good memories of Thailand, especially when I look at the things I bought there. e) You can meet many talented people from many cultures there. It is an exciting place where people can say what they think about life and society. f) You should wear your wildest and most unusual dress if you’re going there. Read the text "Why Teens Can't Stop Gambling^" and complete it putting the verbs in brackets in the right form. Why Teens Can’t Stop Gambling Seventy-five per cent (75%) of British teenagers gamble. In the USA, the figure is even higher — eighty-seven per cent (87%). One journalist says he heard Professor Griffiths (to say') there will be more teen gamblers soon. Professor Griffiths is Europe’s only professor of gambling studies. He wants everybody (to un-derstand^) that gambling is a form of addiction and teen gamblers are addicts. The professor watches young people (to buy*^) lottery tickets. He says 87% of British teens play the National Lottery. He notices many teens (to use^^) Internet gambling. Young people gamble at night and feel tired and asleep at school. Even if they * cool [ku:l] -^ to gamble разе.: крутой, классный - играть в азартные игры lose money, they can’t stop gambling. Nowadays you can see teenagers (to gamble^) in pubs, cafes, amusement arcades^. Л It's a fact that you've got one in fourteen million chance of winning the lottery. Nevertheless people of all ages gamble a lot and each year the number of teen gamblers grows. Read Jerry's story and say if such a situation is typical of Russia. “T started betting on American football. I was gambling on all the sports. I did well at first. I couldn’t wait to get the sports page every day so I could see who to bet on. Then I discovered Internet gambling. I stayed up all night and I felt asleep at school. I began losing money, but I still couldn’t stop gambling. I used my parents’ credit cards to gamble online. When the credit card companies started calling the house, I was thousands of dollars in debt^. I knew that 16- and 17-year olds, who gambled were more likely to become addicted to drugs^ and alcohol but I couldn’t stop gambling. B. Answer the questions. 1) Why is gambling dangerous? 2) Why do young people gamble so much? 3) How can teenagers become gamblers? Think what can be done to stop or limit teen gambling. Read the statements, compare them with your answer. Put the statements in the order of importance. 1) Fruit machines^ shouldn’t be situated in pubs, cafes, shops, etc — places where they are easy to find. 2) Amusement arcades should be built far from schools or youth centres, maybe even far from the centres where people live. 3) Teenagers under 16 or even 17 mustn’t take part in gambling. So their age should be checked. 4) There shouldn’t be so many websites that offer gambling games. 5) Gamblers shouldn’t be allowed to bet money using credit cards. 6) Gamblers should be able to have professional help to stop gambling. ’ an amusement arcades — ^ a debt [dct] — долг ^ drugs — наркотики ' a fruit machines — игровой автомат за.аы игровых автоматов 217 I 01 VJ О) а; u а> 7) Teenagers at school should get information how dangerous gambling is, that it is a form of addiction. Teachers should explain to pupils how powerful gambling hormones are and how they work. 8) Laws against gambling should be strict. Focus on Grammar 1. После глаголов to let («разрешать, позволять») и to make в значении «заставлять» в конструкции complex object \лаиопъъ^е1а9\ только инфинитив смыслового глагола без частицы to. Му mother doesn't let me go there alone. Our English teacher makes us work very hard. 2. Однако в пассивных структурах с глаголом то/ге частица to употребляется. The children were made to go to bed at nine. (Детей зааавили лечь спать в девять.) 3. Глагол to /еГв пассивных структурах не используется вовсе. Вместо него употребляется глагол to allow. Му parents let us watch this film. (Мои родители позволили нам посмотреть этот фильм.) We were allowed to watch this film. (Нам позволили посмотреть этот фильм ) Complete the sentences. Use to where necessary. 1) We have never seen Iris ... read thick novels. 2) Jane is not allowed ... watch soap operas late at night. 3) We would like to go camping but Гт afraid our parents wouldn’t let us ... do it. 4) Sue never lets her children ... eat sweets. She thinks it is bad for their teeth. 5) We were made ... finish our translation at three. 6) Thank you for letting me ... borrow your car. 7) Make John ... prepare the papers by six o’clock. 8) I want you ... publish Peter’s article in your magazine. 9) I’ve heard him ... offer his help to Andrew. Paraphrase these sentences. Use the verbs in the passive voice. 1) Roger meant to make his brothers sit still. 2) My mother never lets me leave home after ten. 3) How did you make him listen to you? 4) The farmer lets me live in a small caravan behind his house. 5) I’ll make Andrew pay the money back. 6) Just imagine! They made the old lady wait more than an hour. 7) My granny lets me look through her old photographs. 8) My parents never let me go to the river alone. 9) She didn’t let me see what she was doing. 10) I made little Ann smile. Focus on Vocabula Phrasal verb to get 1) to get alonq/on — уживаться, ладить с кем-то. Richard and his sister don't really get along. 2) to get away — сбежать, исчезнуть, удрать. My dog got away from me in the park. 3) to get on — сесть на велосипед {поезд, автобус и т. д.). The boy got on his bike and rode away. 4) to get off — сойти c велосипеда {поезда, автобуса и т. д.). We got off the bus near Buckingham Palace. 5) to get into the car — сесть в машину. The old lady got into the car with difficulty. 6) to get out of the car — выйти из машины. They got out of the car and went along the street. 7) to get over — справиться c чем-то, преодолеть что-то. He is very ill and can't get over his illness yet. Complete the sentences using the missing words: along, away, over, to, into, on, off. 1) My dog and my cat get... very well with each other. 2) The thieves got... with our money. 3) Does she get... with all her classmates? 4) Your news is a real shock and we can’t get... it. 5) Don’t allow him to get... with my bike. 6) Get... the bus near London Bridge and go as far as Trafalgar Square. 7) Get... the car, if you want to drive. 8) (On the bus): Excuse me. I’m going to Red Square. Where should I get... the bus? 9) I hope she will be able to get... all the difficulties. 10) How are you getting ... with your neighbours? A. Read the text and say the names of movements and organizations which were new to you. Young People’s Movements and Organizations The term “Young People’s Movement” is so wide that it includes all kinds of young people’s associations [9,s3usi'ei/3n] from Punk Rockers, Hippies and Goths to the Young Conservatives in Britain and Komsomol in Soviet Russia. 219 Ф U Ш LO 220 Ф u ф КЛ The world’s first voluntary^ youth organization was the Boys* Brigade [bn'geid], founded in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1883 by William Alexander Smith. This idea was to give the boys religious education and teach them to be disciplined and well-mannered. In England Major-General Robert Baden-Powell founded the Boy Scouts movement in 1908. Like the Boys* Brigade, the Scout movement has spread around the world. A sister organization to the Scouts, the Girl Guide Association, founded in 1910, also has a lot of members in different countries. These organizations train boys and girls in various useful skills, such as lighting a fire, cooking, fishing and help children to develop their character. Very often young people’s movements are political in nature. In the 1930s there existed Fascist ['hcjist] organizations for young people in Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany. In Britain some young people joined the Blackshirts. Soviet Russia had Young Communist groups: Oktobrists, Pio neers and Komsomol, which were founded to give young people political education and teach them patriotism. Щ Y ^ voluntary [Vnbniori] — добровольный The second half of the 20^*' century saw a number of youth cults [kAlts] and cultures such as the Rockers, associated with motorcycles, rock-and-roll music and clothes made of leather^ The Hippies of the late 1960s experimented with drugs, lived in communities, grew their hair long and were interested in radical politics. Ф Ф Ln The Goths followed a fashion of the late 1980s and early 1990s for white faces and black and purple clothes. Skinheads are associated with racism. They appeared in the 1960s. Skinheads, mostly boys and young men, shave their hair off or cut it very short. They wear heavy boots and earrings. Skinheads often use violence and terrorize people. Some of the youth cults have survived till nowadays. B. Listen to the same text, (62). then read it aloud and complete the statements about It. 1) The term “Young People’s Movements’’ includes .... a) only political teen organizations of all types b) various groups of young people c) religious associations of young people 2) The world’s first youth^ organization was founded .... a) last century b) last but one century c) last but two centuries 3) The members of the Boys* Brigade were .... a) trained to believe in God b) taught to obey everybody c) taught to become patriots * leather ('Icdn] — кожа, кожаный ^ youth L)u:0I — зд.\ молодежный (U u (U СЛ • • • 4) The Boy Scouts movement was founded . a) in the late century b) in the early 20^*' century c) in the mid 20^*' century 5) Many Scout organizations all over Europe a) give their members a good education b) teach them to do jobs about the house c) prepare them for the future 6) ... is not a political organization. a) The Blackshirts b) Komsomol c) The Goths 7) ... is an organization the members of which are characterized by racist [Veisisl] behaviour. a) Skinheads b) The Rockers c) The Hippies You and your friends want to find out more about young people's movements and organizations. Discuss with them the history of which organizations you would like to study. Come to an agreement. the Boys’ Brigade the Boy Scouts the Girl Guides the Young Pioneers the Komsomol Organization 10 Answer the questions. 1) Why do you think young people like to join cults, groups and organizations? 2) How do young people usually demonstrate that they belong to a certain organization? 3) Is there any organization, a cult or a culture that you find interesting or good for yourself? What is it? Why are you interested in it? 4) Are there any youth organizations, cults or cultures which you will never join? Why not? 5) Why is it necessary to think hard before you join a movement or an organization? Focus on Vocabula Обрати внимание на существенные различия в употреблении двух струк тур: to be used to doing something used to do something иметь обыкновение. иметь обыкновение делать что-то привычку делать что-то в прошлом, что не делаешь сейчас 223 1) 1 am used to getting up late. 1) 1 used to get up late when 1 was on holiday (but now 1 get up early). Of > 2) He IS used to dining at six 2) He used to dine at six o'clock LX. o'clock p. m. p. m. (he doesn't do it any more). c о 3) They are used to playing 3) They used to play hockey when 1 1 hockey in winter. they were younger (they don't play ш hockey these days). 1Л Choose the right form and complete the sentences. 1) Jane (used to live/is used to living) here, but now she doesn’t. 2) I (used to go, am used to going) to the cinema a lot but I never get the time now. 3) Alec is a vegetarian. He (used to eat/is used to eating) a lot of fruit and vegetables. 4) Oh! It is one in the morning. I (didn’t use to go/am not used to going) to bed so late. I’ve never done it before. 5) My grandmother (used to dance/is used to dancing) a lot when she was young. 6) John (used to walk/ is used to walking) because he hasn’t got a car. 7) The boys (used to swim/are used to swimming) in cold water when they lived in the mountains. 8) My aunt (used to live/is used to living) with no one around. Her husband died fifteen years ago and she has no children. 9) Diana (used to write/is used to writing) everything about her pet in the diary. 10) We (used to read/are used to reading) books aloud to our children when they were young. Do It on Your Own 12 Express the same in English. 1) Моя мама не позволяет мне носить короткие юбки. 2) Мне не разрешают работать на этом компьютере. 3) Так жарко! Позволь мне пойти на речку поплавать (to have а swim). 4) Я за- 224 X т 13 ставлю тебя сказать мне правду. 5) Нас заставили вымыть окна. 6) Мой старший брат не разрешает мне кататься на своем велосипеде. 7) Детям разрешили купить мороженое. 8) Виктора заставили выучить стихотворение наизусть. A. Write five sentences about what you used to do when you were younger and don't do nowadays. B. Write five sentences about what you or the members of your family are used to doing. о • 4—» KJ CU uo Section Six. Consolidation Class Do It Together Listen to what six teenagers from Belgium think about immigration in their country, (63). Say who a) thinks immigrants have the wrong idea of Western life b) worries about the fact there are not enough jobs for everyone c) thinks of the world as one big country d) says a few immigrants sometimes bring problems e) has a relation who came from abroad f) thinks immigrants should adapt to tlieir host country^ 1. Maria 2. Melanie 3. Luke 4. Bruce 5. Simon 6. Andy * host [housl] country — принимающая страна; страна, в которую иммигри РУ ют Complete the text with the right form given after it, S^IClAL iDItIO** ^PR)DE?5» Preiu Top Cool Reads for Teens “Pride and Prejudice**^ by Jane Austen If you liked the film with Keira Knighty, now try the book. “Pride and Prejudice” is the story of Mr and Mrs Bennett, JILL daughters and their romantic relationships. In the film made after it Keira played the character of Elizabeth Bennett, was Jane Austen’s most character from her own books. a 15-year-old spy. “Ark^ Angel” by Anthony Horowitz Alex Rider is not an ordinary teenager. The author Anthony Horowitz says that when he was writing the book he was thinking about James Bond. “I started the books because I thought the actors in the James Bond films were all _J^L. To be really “cool”, I thought Bond should be teenag- er. (4 Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe”^ by C. S. Lewis Everybody’s reading (8) books, so why shouldn’t you? After 44 Harry Potter” and the “Lord of the Rings” this is the fanta- • “Pride and Prejudice” — <'Гордость n предубеждение» {название знаменитого романа английской писательницы Джейн Остин (1775 — 1817) ^ ап агк — ковчег «Хроники Нариии: лев, ведьма н платяной шкаф» — произведение К. С. Льюиса (1898—1963), известного английского писателя и христианского мыслителя X ип U CU ОО 8 - Л<)тннгы'11^, 9 кл, X » КП с о Ф ип sy book that has been made into a film. It’s about a magical wardrobe that can take you to a secret land. So, if you haven’t read the Narnia books, do it now. They will make you tion. 1) a) five there b) five their c) their five 2) a) who b) which c) whose 3) a) loveliest b) loving c)loved 4) a) His b) He’s c) Him 5) a) write b) wrote c) writing 6) a) too old b) old enough c) older 7) a)- b) a c) the 8) a) children’s b) childrens’ c) children 9) a)late b) later c)latest 10) a) use b) to use c) using Read the text given below and make it complete with the words made from the forms on the right. Hoodies^ Now newspapers are full of stories about bad teens’ _1£2_. But how serious are these problems? Are they really _i^7 Nowadays it is to wear hoodies. But some people say they feel when they see groups of teenagers wearing them. You can’t see people’s faces, if they wear hoodies, so if they do something bad, the police may have some to see them. Last year a centre near London stopped kids from wearing Britain behave importance fashion safe difficult shop 1 a hoodie — куртка нлп толстовка с капюшоном I 8* hoodies. Many teenager aren’t happy about this. One of them says, “Hoodies are what wears.” They sell them in the centre, so how can they stop people from wearing them. shop every Are you happy with your body? Answer these questions to find out. '1 1) When you look in the mirror, do you feel happy with what you see? a) Yes, I usually feel pleased with what I look like. b) Sometimes. c) No, never. I always think I look terrible. 2) How many different clothes do you try on' before you decide what to wear? a) I wear the first thing I put on. b) 2—3. c) I try on so many that I can’t remember. U Ф un 3) What do you hate most? a) Examinations. b) A bad haircut. c) Going shopping for clothes. 4) How do you feel about someone taking your photo? a) I love it! b) I like it most of the time. c) I hate it. 5) A friend tells you that you’re looking good. What do you say to him/her? a) Thanks very much. I feel good today. b) Thanks but I need to loose some weight. c) Are you blind? If your results are mostly As: You have a very good body image. You are comfortable with your body. Well done! Bs: Most days you have a good body image but on the days when you don’t, try to remember the things that are really good in life: good health, good friends, a loving family and having fun. * to try on — примерять одежду, обувь 228 X tn с о ф to Cs: You have a very bad body image. You are always thinking about how to make your body look better. You should stop thinking about it and find friends who are more interested in personality than looks. Teens from different countries were asked the same questions. Read their answers and then answer the same questions. James Robbie Kevin Filipos What is it really like being 15? 1) What are the biggest worries for 15-year-olds in your country? Kevin from Bern, Switzerland: Most of my friends are afraid to get bad results at examinations or fail them. Filipos from Athens, Greece: School and exams. Y о u: 2) What do you want to do in five years’ time? Kevin: I want to be at university. Filipos: I’d like to be at university and have my own car. You: 3) What are the best/worst things about your country? К e V i n: The best is the political system. Filipos: Some of the best things about Greece are its mild climate, beautiful beaches and nature. The worst things are the unemployment, the economy and immigration. V Robbie from Antananarivo, Madagascar: I feel very safe in my country, there’s very little crime. The worst thing is that it’s a bit too quiet — there’s nothing to do. You: 4) What are the best and worst things about being 15? James from Glasgow, Scotland, UK: I like having more independence^. My parents let me do more. I decide when I go to bed if I manage to get up on time in the morning. I don’t like exams. Robbie: It’s good, because people give you more independence. They think you’re not a kid any longer. But you are more responsible. Parents expect you to behave well. Y о u: 5) What are you most afraid of? Kevin: Terrorism. F i I i p о s: Unemployment and war. But my biggest worry is the death of my relatives and friends. Robbie: World war. Y о u: 229 X Ш Ln KJ 0) LT) Read the text Teens' problems" and match its paragraphs (1—5) with the titles (a—f). There is one extra title. a) Teenagers Choose Different Ways to Talk to Their Friends b) It’s Too Easy for Teens to Get Drinks and Cigarettes c) British Teenagers Have Some Serious Problems d) Fewer Teenagers Have Only One Person for a Friend e) Grown-ups See Teens’ Problems in the Wrong Way f) Teenagers are Very Much Afraid of Losing Their Friends Teens’ Problems 1) What do you think the biggest problem of today’s teenagers is? What are they like? The facts about teenage life may seem shocking. These are some facts typical of British teenagers: independence (,indi'pcndcJns] — независимость i 230 X 4 1Л с о U о> ип ■ 33% of UK teens say they began drinking alcohol at the age of thirteen or younger. British teens drink more alcohol than teens anywhere in Europe. • Four out of ten teenagers are so ignorant^ about cooking that they can’t even boil/fry an egg. • One in every four teens smokes. • 33% of 15-years-old say they have tried drugs. • 9% of UK teens never read books for pleasure. • 75% of UK teens have their own television and watch it many hours a day. • Every one in five UK teens is overweight or obese^. • 64% of 15-years-old girls take less than half an hour’s exercise a day. • More than 5% of pupils leave school with no qualifications for working life. 2) The situation is more or less the same in other European countries. Naturally most parents worry about their teenage children. But if you ask them what the most serious problem is, they will probably answer that it’s drugs, but they are wrong. 3) For most young people the most important problem is their relationships, especially with their friends. Nothing, it seems, can be worse than falling out^ with your best friends. Teenagers discuss any problem they may have with their friends. If they fall out with their friends, then there is no one to speak to. This can seriously influence their mental health. 4) Today teenagers think more and more about friends. It is interesting that young people nowadays have larger groups of friends than twenty or thirty years ago. Having a group of people hang out and socialize'* with seems safer than having one exclusive relationship with one person, especially if something goes wrong. Some teenagers even say that couples are a thing of the past. 5) Communication seems very important to 11 — 16-year-olds. 82% of them have a mobile phone and spend a lot of money talking with friends. 45% of UK teens regularly surf the net^. 60% of teens say they are happy to give out their e-mail address. But * ignorant ['ignorant] — несведущий, ничего не знающий 2 obese [ou'biis] — страдающий ожирением ^ to fall out with sb — поссориться * to socialize ['soufolaiz] — общаться ^ to surf the net — «сидеть* в Интернете many of them don’t like to discuss things with their parents. When they are asked such questions as “What’s wrong?” or “What did you do at school?” they usually answer “Nothing” or “Whatever”*. They spend a lot of time in their rooms because they prefer to be alone. You've read the text about teens' problems in Western countries. Say which of them in your opinion are real teens' problems in our country. Give a 2-minute talk and remember to say • what a typical situation with drinking, smoking and drug taking in the place where you live is • if your friends and classmates are more or less prepared for the future life • what your friends’ usual pastimes are • what your friends’ most important home life problems are X c о u Ф 1Л You would like to know more about somebody you have just met. Ask him/her about F • how many friends he or she has and if they are mostly boys or girls, or both • what she/he likes about their friends • if there is anything in their behaviour that he or she dislikes • what brings them together and makes them good friends \2X2Xs/ Focus on Social English Learn to give prohibitions^ and warnings^ in English Prohibitions Don't do it. Whatever you do, don't (go there). Stop doing it. You can't do it. Don’t you dare do it. {He смей этого делать.) This must not continue. That's my last word. Make sure it doesn't happen again. ^ whatever — зд.: довольно грубое восклицание, которое часто используется подростками в значении «мне все равно, что ты об этом думаешь, и я не желаю это дальше обсуждать* ^ prohibition [,ргэиНГЬ1/эп] — запрет ^ warning ('wo:mo] — предупреждение X LO u Ф un Warnings I warn you.../I'm warning you... Remember that it’s easy to (fall down). Remember not to (come home late). You can do it, but (you may not like it). Mind you (that you may not like it). Look out!/Watch out! {Берегись!) Watch out for (the tram). I wouldn't do it. {Я бы не стал этого делать.) Give your reaction to the following situations. Use your social English. 1) Your younger brother is using bad language. 2) Your best friend has begun to miss classes at school. 3) Your other friend is planning to learn to ride a motorike. 4) Your sister forgets to call home when she is late. 5) Your dog steals food from the table. 6) Your mother is going to touch the hot frying pan. 7) Your friend is dating somebody you don’t like. 8) You see that your father may be late for work. 9) One of the steps in the stairs is broken. 10) A young child is going to climb a tree. 11) Your friends are going to swim in the lake that they have just found in the middle of the forest. 12) Your friend has never smoked before and now you see him or her smoking a cigarette. 10 A Your younger brother is going camping for the first time in his life. What warnings and prohibitions will you give him? The pictures below may give you some ideas. X U ф Маке up and act out a similar dialogue. Mention • what to take and what not to take • how to dress • what to do and what not to do when you go camping 12 Do It on Your Own Write a paragraph on what you like and dislike about being a teenager. Complete the dialogues. Use Soda! English phrases (p. 231—232). 1) Child: Mummy, may I ski down this hill? Mother: Yes, dear, but... the hill is high and steeph 2) Child: Monkey, monkey! Would you like a banana? Zoo keeper: ... It is strictly prohibited! 3) Teacher: ...You are not listening to me. Pupil: Sorry, I just asked Peter to pass me the textbook. * steep [sti:p] — крутой 234 Dear Ann, I have great news! I am going to spend the last month of my holidays on my grandparents* farm. You and I will see each other soon and will be able to have a lot of fun together. I am really excited. We will swim in the lake and go boating. Maybe we can ride horses. Write soon. Let me know how your French is going. See you in August! ------------------------> Your friend. ^ Julia Closing----------------------------------- Signature--------------------------------- 1) Which part of the letter tells where you are and when you are writing? 2) Is it situated in the top right-hand corner or in the top left-hand corner? 3) Which line of the heading tells you the name of the city? 4) What information is given in the first line of the heading? Which comes first — the house number or the name of the street? 5) Is Zip code given before or after the name of the country? 6) What is the difference between the English and the Russian way of placing the date? 7) Which part of the letter is used to say hello"! Is it written in the way we write this part of the letter in Russia? Do we use any commas*? 8) Which part of the letter follows the greeting? Which one is the main part of the letter? 9) How many paragraphs are there in the body? Are the first lines of each of them indented^? C 01 oo u Oi * a comma — запятая ^ to be indented — иметь красную строку 10) Which part of the letter is a way of saying goodbye! Which one gives your handwritten name? 11) With what words are the closing and the signature lined up^? 12) Where do they use commas in the greeting and the closing? Focus on Writin 236 C Q) Q) bO KJ to 1. Запомни, как выглядят типичные обращения: Dear Mr Snow, Hi, Boris, Hello, Sue. To, какую подпись ты ставишь в конце письма, зависит оттого, насколько близко ты знаешь адресата письма. Если ты хорошо с ним знаком, письмо заканчивается именем или даже прозвищем, если нет — следует написать имя и фамилию. Вот образцы возможных завершений письма: a)Your friend, Tom b) Love, Betsy c) Missing you, Andrew Lesly d) (Always) yours, Olga e) Sincerely (yours), Tom Robinson f) Lovingly, Sarah 2. Обращение к адресату письма всегда пишется на полях с левой стороны, с начала строки без абзаца. Первое слово обращения и все имена собственные пишутся с заглавной буквы, так же как и слова Mrs, Mr, Miss, Dr. После обращения всегда ставится запятая. Сам текст письма начинается там, где заканчивается обращение, только строкой ниже. Write the following headings correctly. 1. 64 new drive leeds WE 4495 LW UK September 5 2007 2. Lambeth road London SE 16 HU UK Januarv 11 2006 Write these greetings and closings correctly. 1) dear uncle tony 2) dear grandmother 3) dear dr mason 4) dear hazel 5) hi, bruce 6) your daughter 7) sincerely 8) always yours 9) love 10) your friend ^ to be lined up — зд.: находиться на одной линии по вертикали Read some part of the letter from Tom, your pen-friend. Write a letter M to him. In your letter r * tell him about the new place where you are moving • ask him three questions about his friends and their pastimes / Just got your letter. When are you moving to Pavlovsk? Do you know your new address yet? / hope you will like your new school and make friends with a lot of pupils. / have Joined our drama society. We are working on the play "A Visit to Paradise ^" and hope to stage it in March. Read a part from Jack Freeman's letter to you. Jack Freeman is your pen-M friend from Sydney. In your letter F • tell him about your school and your problems • ask him three questions about his hobbies ,!//f/Y/Л ////г^гл///гу /г ?rr/r/yr f// /VWr/yit/r/uA, - cfr/Z/y r/Zf‘f//Zn//rZ/yi. /J .in f//rff.if/r///n Zr/fY ZZr .if//// - ///n //r/frZ/yj r///rZ *^/ffyf/.>Z f/// P^'Z/.i/zr/Z/W ^Zry Z/.iZ yifn/// (Zrrr///Zrf /n J^Zif/r/ry. frZr// /Zf f/rr//Zr^ /.i Z/rZ. rn//////y Zy/yZ Zn ynr/i ^ZnrZr///rZiZZm/Z/yr. Z/Zr/r fZn^ .}rZnr ZiZr/Z rr//rZ yZ//ZiZ. ^ (Zn ynff ffYr/f Г/ ff/rfyirY/Z/Z •ZZr fr ///f/rZ Zn///rfrrYZ cZ^ yn/ry^ZZ Z/Zr/Z r. и////.i rZ‘ yr ff Zr/rY. ^ • <^Z/rf .irZfYZryZr// yn jZZir/fyZZ Zn ZZr Zrr/rZ Zn 3f/iy ZfY fZ ,^///rZ////r.i rrr/rZr///rZfrr/ZrZ //mt yyj. Ф QJ to c о u O) KZ) Copy the following letter onto your paper. Correct the mistakes in all parts of the letter. 19 Olson avenue London SW 19 HU UK 5 February 2007 Dear Jane Guess what! I have some wonderful news! Last night mom had twins, a boy and a girl! All summer I dreamed of a baby sister. ' paradise f'pa.*ndaisj — рай Tom wanted a brother. We never thought we’d both be so lucky. Can you imagine what fun we’ll have with two babies in the house? I hope you will come to visit us soon. love Carol Г 238 Ш > Q) LT) U London NW 1 UH UK B. Draw two envelopes on your paper. Address to these people: 1) a relation 2) a friend Use real people and addresses. Section One Do It Together A. Listen to the song, (64), and say what it is about. B. Read the lyrics and sing the song along. Thank You for the Music {Benny Andersson, Bjorn Ulvaeus) Гт nothing special in fact Гт a bit of a bore if I tell a joke you’ve probably heard it before but I have a talent a wonderful thing ’cause everyone listens when I start to sing I’m so grateful and proud all I want is to sing it aloud so I say Thank you for the music the songs I’m singing немного зануда благодарен и горд громко и Ф т 240 CJ С о KJ Ф со thanks for all the joy they’re bringing who can live without it I ask in all honesty what would life be without a song or a dance what are we so I say thank you for the music for giving it to me Mother says I was a dancer before I could walk she says I began to sing long before I could talk and I’ve often wondered how did it all start who found out that nothing can capture a heart like a melody can well, whoever it was. I’m a fan so I say Thank you for the music the songs I’m singing thanks for all the joy they’re bringing who can live without it I ask in all honesty what would life be without a song or a dance what are we so I say thank you for the music for giving it to me I’ve been so lucky I am the girl with golden hair I wanna sing it out to everybody what a joy, what a life, what a chance Thank you for the music the songs I’m singing thanks for all the joy they’re bringing радость вполне искренне какой была бы жизнь завладеть сердцем who can live without it I ask in all honesty what would life be without a song or a dance what are we so I say thank you for the music for giving it to me Answer the questions. 1) Have you thought about your future yet? When is the right time to begin thinking about your future career? 2) What kind of activity is the most attractive^ for you? What kind of jobs do you find good for yourself? Why? 3) Are you preparing for your future career now? How? Why not? 4) Do your parents help you with choosing a career? How do they see your future? 5) What advantages do having a good job and making a good career give you? 6) What jobs will you never agree to do? Why not? 241 CU О u Oi to A. Here Is a list of some popular jobs, ^5 (^5). Use a dictionary. Choose among them 5 that you prefer. Write them down in the order of preference. Compare your lists. Explain your choice. accountant [a'kauntonl] air host or airhostess ['eo,hDUStis] architect ['a:kitekt] chef [Jef] chemist ['kemist] computer operator computer programmer designer dentist doctor engineer [,епф'то] estate [I'steit] agent ['eicfeant] fashion designer fireman (firefighter) hairdresser journalist librarian lawyer ['bija] mechanic [mi'kienik] model musician [mju:'zijan] nurse photographer [b'tngrafo] physicist [Tizisist] police officer pharmacist ['foiinasist] secretary social worker sports instructor teacher travel agent vet * attractive fa'lnckliv] — привлекательный 242 Ф С О • U Ф ио в. Say which of the jobs above are • dangerous • need a university education • mostly done by men/women • prestigious [pre'stidsos] • well paid • not very well paid Focus on Vocabulary Предложение Я бы хотела сшить новое платье можно понять двояко: 1) Я сошью платье сама. 2) Мне его сошьют в ателье, т. е. кто-то другой выполнит эту работу для меня. Для того чтобы передать смысл второго предложения по-английски, используется оборот to have something done. Сравни: Betty always has her clothes made for her. (Бетти всегда шьет одежду на заказ.) Jim has his hair cut at the hair stylist's. (Джим делает стрижку в парикмахерской.) Read the sentences and say in which of them the members of the Harrison family do not do certain things themselves. The Harrisons Alice Bob aunt Beatrice—I Susie Andrew Mrs Harrisons Mr Harrisons 1) Mrs Harrison cuts Andrew’s liair once a month. 2) Aunt Beatrice has her trousers made for her. 3) The Harrisons have the grass in their garden cut for them. 4) Mrs Harrison does the cooking for the family. 5) Alice does her room on Saturdays. 6) Little Susie has her room done for her. 7) Mr Harrison has his car washed for him. 8) Bob washes his car himself. 9) Bob goes to the hair stylist’s once in two weeks and has his hair cut. 10) The Harrisons always have their house decorated and painted for them. Work in pairs. Ask which of the things you and the members of your family do yourselves and which of them you have done for you. You may use some of the ideas below. Example; Do you do shopping for the family or do you have it done? • to cut the grass around your summer house • to cook the meals • to paint the doors and windows • to wash the car • to clean the floors and windows • to dry-clean your clothes • to repair your shoes and clothes • to repair the furniture • to make your clothes • to do the flat or the house 243 ): to find out the truth (address, etc.). Her parents found out she had a boyfriend. give up (l>): to give up doing sth, to give up sth. Eventually he decided to give up smoking. She was made to give up her career, make up (change) one’s mind: I have made up my mind to become a diplomat and I won’t change it. don’t use more of it than is Say the same using the new words. 1) You only need one piece of paper — necessary. 2) George’s choice he made after some careful thinking was to go to university after leaving school. 3) It came into my mind that she didn’t know our new address. 4) When Charles won the competition, his friends were full of pleasure and respect for him. 5) You can always be sure that he’ll keep his word. 6) I don’t at all mind the daily duties of cleaning, cooking and shopping. 7) There were so many books that it was difficult to make a decision which one to buy. 8) The organ of the body which controls thinking, feeling and doing things is the center of higher nervous activity. 9) We waited for three days for the letter and at last it came. 10) I’ll come back before the end of an hour. 11) The difficult work made Alan lose hope and he left school without finishing it. 12) My mother planned a holiday in May but then she decided against it and went in June. 13) Daniel decided to become a doctor like his father and grandfather before him. Match the pictures with the captions. 245 CD C О c о u CD oo 1. 2. 3. 246 О) с о U О) 1Л 4. 5. a) То give up smoking is very easy. I did it many times. b) First she gave up bread, then she gave up meat, after that she gave up fish... c) Never give up hope! d) OK, I give up. Your name is not Steve, it’s Red Chief! e) I won’t give up until I turn this iron into gold. A. Read the text and say which advice you like best. Thinking of Yonr Career? Now you are not so far from the end of school. Have you made your choice of a career? If you have, are you working harder on the school subjects you are going to need in the future? Read what three successful professionals have to say about it. Jennifer Morrison (she is writing her third novel): In school I did well, but felt discouraged by the teachers. It all changed one summer. I felt that my school wasn’t doing enough to educate me. At the same time I understood that I was responsible for my own education. My advice is don’t wait for others to educate you, do it yourself. Also read as much as you can. Patrick Martin (he is a physician^): I didn’t plan to be a doctor, but loved science. Later I found out that doctors also solve problems and rely on facts like scientists do, only they have to do it within a very short period of time. I like my work because I know that my decisions — influence my patients’ lives and I have to use my brain and hands every day. My ----------------------------- advice to young people who made up their minds to study medicine is to ask yourself why you want to be a doctor. If it is for the prestige [pre'slirs] or the money, find a different profession. Chris Wilson (he is a computer engineer in San Francisco): When I was a kid, I wanted to be a rock star because of all the success and admiration they get. I began to play the guitar at the age of nine and spent the next 20 years chasing^ a dream. I finished high school^ and toured with a band playing in clubs. As a day job I did telephone surveys'* for a computer company. Eventually the company employed me full time and let me learn on the job. I started to make real money and finally it occurred to me that maybe computers were more than a day job. At the age of 27 I gave up my rock star dreams because music had become nothing but a chore. My advice to young people is — you have freedom to sculpt your future but remember that there’s no time to waste. B. Choose the right item. 1) Jennifer thinks that in education you sho\dd rely on a) your teachers b) your parents c) yourself 2) Patrick thinks that the medical and scientific professions a) are very different b) are alike c) can not be compared ' a physician [fi'zifsn] = a doctor ^ to chase a dream — гнаться за мечтой ^ high school — средняя школа (в США) ‘ survey ['s3:vei] — опрос (общественного мнения) 1 247 Ф С О U Ф 248 to Section Two Do It Together Listen to the text about Alexander the Great, (68), and say which information is true, false or not mentioned in the text. 1) Alexander was young when he became King. 2) The legend speaks of the time when Alexander was leading his army to India. 3) Alexander had four thousand elephants. 4) Alexander’s army became rebellious. 5) Alexander said they would go back home. 6) Alexander’s soldiers celebrated the great news. 7) That night Alexander had nobody to talk to. сГ' 250 О $ U О; ил 8) The philosopher Anaxarchus wanted to comfort Alexander. 9) The philosopher told Alexander that he would be able to rule the whole world. 10) Alexander cried because he knew that ruling the world would be impossible for him. You know the words in column A. Read the sentences and guess what the words in column В mean. В rely decision brain admiration waste discourage reliable decisive brainy, brainless {informal) admire wasteful encourage 1) Mr Harry Jones is a real professional and absolutely reliable. You can share the secret information with him. 2) The battle of Borodino was a decisive factor in the war with Napoleon. 3) Jeremy Curtis is very brainy. He is the top student in our class. 4) Only an absolutely brainless man could have done it! 5) We stopped and admired the cathedral. 6) She secretly admired him for his talent and success and envied^ him. 7) She is such a wasteful person. She buys so many fashionable clothes and then never wears them. 8) Mum always encouraged us to discuss our problems. 9) Frank has always encouraged Diana in her wish to become a model. Focus on Vocabulary Neither/either 1. Познакомься c английскими словами neither ['naida] {ни тот ни другой', ни один из двух) и either ['aida]^ {и тот и другой, любой из двух). Оба эти слова используются, если разговор идет о двух людях, предметах, событиях. Neither of the two boys wanted to do the household chores. Would you like tea or coffee? — Neither. ^ to envy ['envi] — завидовать 2 В американском английском слова either и neither произносятся соответственно ['1:бэ], ['пгдэ]. Jack! Jill! Which of you can help me? — Either can. I have two brothers and either of them can speak English. 2. Слова neither и either часто используются в конструкциях either... or... {или... или.../либо... либо...) и neither... nor... {ни... ни...). Сравни: Our students can choose either French or German. You can either come by bus or take a taxi. Neither Simon nor Sally can swim. John neither wrote nor phoned. Обрати внимание, что глагол в последних двух предложениях, в отличие от аналогичных русских, не имеет отрицания 3. Когда either \л ^е/'/’Лел используются в предложении в качестве подлежащего, они обычно согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе. Neither of the books was published in this country. Is either of them at home? Complete the sentences with either... ог.../neither... nor... . 1) My friend wants to be ... a mechanic ... an engineer. He is very interested in cars and other mechanisms. 2) Helen is ... 15 ... 16: she is much older than that. 3) Today it is ... hot ... cold: the weather is just perfect. 4) ... I ... Nick will come and help you with painting the house. Don’t worry. 5) That day we took ... umbrellas ... raincoats with us and got very wet in the rain. 6) The book I’m reading now is ... a crime story ... a love story. It’s something between the two. 7) When I want to go skiing, I usually invite ... Mark ... Denis to come with me. 8) You can rely on John, he ... lies ... goes back on his word. 9) The children are playing ... football ... rugby; I cannot see from here. 10) I could have ... a sandwich ... a cake. I’m rather hungry. Listen to the dialogues, (69). then read and act them out. Make up a similar dialogue about your plans for the future career. Л. К a t i e: I say Chris, have you made up your mind about what to do after school? Chris: I’m going to university. I hope to do sciences either in the University of London or somewhere else. London University is my first choice. And you? Have you decided? Katie: I’m still in two minds. I’d like to be a fashion designer or an interior decorator. I may go to one of the London art schools or maybe I’ll stay at home, find a working place and try to learn on the job. 251 о $ VJ

] — ссуда, заем для покупки дома, ипотека retire [n'taio] — уходить на пенсию (в отставку) exactly [ig'zccktli] — точно attract [a'traikt] — привлекать Л, fulfil* [furfil] — выполнять continue [kon'tinju:] — продолжать grade [grcid] — 1) оценка; 2) ступень обу^1ения degree [di'gri:] — степень acquaint [s'kweint] — знакомить course [ko:s] — курс Б, fulfil (u): to fulfil a role (a function, a purpose); to fulfil one’s duty (promise), to fulfil a plan. The church fulfils an important role in this town. The government has failed to fulfil its election promises. continue (u): to continue to do sth, to continue doing sth, to continue with studies. Doctors advised him to continue taking the medicine for another week. James looked at me and continued to read the papers. She decided to continue with her studies for another two years. grade (n): 1) to get good grades, to improve one’s grades. I got a good grade in geography. 2) to be in the 1®* grade. Fifteen-year-olds are usually in the ninth grade. degree (л): to some degree, to a large degree, to a certain degree. What you say is true to some degree. A bachelor’s degree^, a master’s degree^, a biology degree, a degree in maths. Ann has got a master’s degree in English Literature. acquaint (u): to acquaint sb with sth, to be acquainted with sb or sth, to get acquainted with sb. Let me acquaint you with this problem. Are you acquainted with the latest rules? Where did you get acquainted with Sergey? course (л): to do a university cour.se, to take a course in modern languages. Nigel is doing a law course at the university. 269 о 4—» u Of tn ‘ to fulfil = fulfill (AmE) ^ a bachelor’s deforce — степень бакалпв1^а ^ a master’s degree — степень магистра 270 U cu owe (i^): to owe money, to owe sb two dollars. I owe my brother fifty roubles that he lent me last week. debt (ri): to have debts, to be in debt/out of debt. John is in debt to the bank because he bought that big house, mortgage (n): to get a mortgage, to take out a mortgage, to have a mortgage on one’s house. I can’t get a mortgage now because I’m unemployed. retire (u): to retire at the age of 60. In Russia women retire at the age of fifty-five and men at the age of sixty, exactly (adu): exactly ten. Please tell me exactly what you saw. This dress is exactly what I wanted. attract (u): to attract people, to attract investors. Tourists are attracted by sandy beaches of California. attractive (adj): attractive jobs, attractive plans, an attractive woman. Read the questions and match them with the answers. 1) What courses are you taking? 2) What are you going to do to improve your grades in history? 3) Have you fulfilled your plan? 4) How long does it take one to get a bachelor’s degree? 5) At what age do people retire in Britain? 6) What is attractive in teaching profession? 7) Have you ever been in debt? 8) Are you acquainted with his latest novel? a) To read more books on history. b) No, I haven’t read it yet. c) It’s a caring job. d) English Literature and History of the language. e) Not exactly. f) Several times. g) Three or four years. h) Women usually at 60 and men at 65. Cross the odd word out. 1) grade, degree, mortgage, graduate, bachelor 2) fulfil, continue, acquaint, attract, course 3) grade, debt, mortgage, exactly, course 4) continue, course, exactly, attract, grade 5) fulfil, degree, mortgage, attract, owe 6) owe, retire, course, debt, continue 7) acquaint, attract, debt, degree, fulfil А. Read the text and say which of the three things make Frank unhappy: a) the fact that his parents are making him go to university; b) the fact that he Is expected to make a standard career; c) the fact that he'll have to pay his debts. My Own Way Part I School... exams... university... job... pension... Have you ever felt you are on a conveyor belt? Are you fulfilling your parents’ plans or have you got other ideas? Get acquainted with one young man’s story of how he decided to follow his own dream. “I sometimes feel like I’m a product that is continually being pro- cessed^ in a factory. In our society you’re born, you go to nursery school, and then on to primary school. You study for five years for your GCSEs in a secondary school. Then, if you get the right GCSE grades, you can go on to college to study for your A-levels. The right grades will allow you to go to university to study for a degree. Before you go to university, you might go on a gap year to get a little life experience but you don’t take more than a year. This is not allowed. So you finish your university course owing lots of money to banks for various debts you’ve built up during your time at university. You’re already on the conveyor belt and it is very hard to get yourself off. You find a job, a girlfriend, whom you may eventually marry; you buy a house together and start paying off your mortgage. You decide to have children and put them on the same conveyor belt. You earn more money and retire, grow old, die. Well done. You did it. You did exactly what this society asked of you. To be honest such a prospect doesn’t attract me.” B. Listen to the text. (74). then learn to read it aloud. C. What do you think Frank did to follow his dream? 271 ГЗ О c о u to Work in pairs. You and your partner are thinking of taking a job after leaving school. Discuss possible jobs each of you would like to get. Con-these points: — if you would like to be employed by the government or prefer to work for a private company — if you would like to get a full-time job, a part-time job or an odd job^ — if you are planning to study further in the future and want your job to be connected with the career you have chosen for yourself — if your ambition is to get a lot of money or you would rather get a job that can develop your talents and abilities Say what job (jobs) you would like to try in the future. Mention these: — if it needs a university degree, qualification and/or special training — where you can and would like to get the necessary qualification or degree — how long it may take you to get this job — how you can characterize the job you have chosen — why you have chosen it A. Read the text and complete the sentences after it. Are Girls Cleverer Than Boys? It’s a fact that girls usually do better than boys even in such subjects as mathematics or science, and people used to think that those were more suitable for boys than for girls. There are some reasons for this. Boys and girls behave very differently in and out of school. Here are only some examples of such difference. Boys make more trouble, while girls are usually well-behaved. In class boys often put up their hands to answer questions but give the wrong answers. At the same time girls do not always put up their hands even if they know the answer because they are not one hundred percent sure. Girls spend more time than boys doing their home- odd job — временная работа work as they care more about their progress at school and their grades. In the modern world girls are becoming a lot more ambitions. Girls are more realistic, more down-to-earth. For example, boys spend a lot of time playing computer games and watching action films on television because they live in a world of their own fantasy. When girls use computers, they usually do it for some practical reason. Ask a fourteen or fifteen-year-old boy about his future career and he is very likely to tell you that he would like to get a lot of money or be a DJ or a basketball player. At the same time most of girls being more realistic, think of becoming teachers, doctors or managers. They choose careers where there’s less unemployment as they want to have a secure future. The good news is, however, that later on boys become more interested in studies and even outdo girls as their examination results often show. 1) Boys are ... hardworking at school than girls. a) more b) less c) neither more nor less 2) ... don’t like making mistakes while ... don’t care too much about it. a) boys... girls b) girls... boys c) teachers... boys and girls 3) Nowadays girls ... more about their academic results, a) dream b) talk c) worry 4) For ... the computer is entertainment rather than work, a) boys b) girls c) boys and girls 5) Girls plan their future .... a) more carelessly b) more carefully c) less carefully 6) Eventually boys become .... a) professionals b) unemployed B. Listen to the text. c) better pupils (79), then learn to read it aloud. 287 X О) LT) U <ь 1Л 2) Му homework is always well prepared (because/that’s why) I remember the material better. 3) (Although/anyhow) I find certain things rather difficult, I know that Гт making good progress. 4) Гт sure that (nevertheless/eventually) my English will be good enough. 5) (So/actually) even now it is not so bad and I think I can be proud of myself. 6) (In fact/however) I understand that I still have a long way to go but I don’t mind it (although/as) language learning is fun. Section Seven Creative Writing Writing Social Notes Writing a social note is a polite way to thank someone, to invite someone to a party, or to accept^ an invitation. Thank-you notes Thank-you notes are a special way of being polite. A thank-you note shows that you are grateful^ for someone’s kindness. You write a thank-you note to show that you like someone’s present. You also write a thank-you note when you have been a guest at someone’s house or when someone has done you a special favour^. Remember to write thank-you notes as soon as possible after you have received some kindness. It is important. It is also important to use specific details. For example, you may mention a type of the gift, its size and colour and how the gift will be enjoyed or used. If you stayed overnight at someone’s house, you should mention the date of your visit and also events or activities during your stay. * to accept [ok'sepi] — принять 2 grateful ['qreitfal] — благодарный ^ favour ['feivsj — одолжение, услуга Invitations Invitations are written to ask people to come to a party or some other event. Invitations should include all the necessary information about the event and usually gives the following details: 1) what event it is; 2) why it is being held; 3) where it will take place; 4) when it will take place (day, date and time); 5) any special instructions. Sometimes invitations may include four letters RSVP {Repondez, s4l vous plait in French which means Answer, please). These letters are necessary when for the person who writes an invitation it is important to know how many people will come. Answering an invitation When you receive an invitation you should answer as soon as possible. In your answer you either accept the invitation or write a note of regret. With such a note the person planning the event will know exactly who is coming and will be able to make plans. Notice that it is polite to explain why you can’t accept the invitation. Internet You may say that nowadays people don’t write letters to each other or do it very seldom. It is true but on the other hand email messages have become very common. In email messages the text is written in the same way as in letters and they have the same parts: heading, greeting, body, closing and signature. The only difference is that in emails people often try to make their messages shorter, leaving out unnecessary details. SMS or text messages are a different thing. They have to be as short as possible. That’s why people who send them use strange shortenings. Here are some examples: for 4 seeing Cing friend frnd love Iv mate ni8 week wk 291 f/ jr/// //u //у //f 'rr. M€ r////уА/. r//^/////r ///€ Г€ - у f/-r/.^ frrr/^f//y fV r// ///y //f/Az/^/y-^r/f/y f//u/f///Mr уZr/r////r f'/ rrr/^ e<^ny ZrrrMr//y. 9jMr////yyyyfr///r////r^r//y ///y Z/fMr/'/y />/ j//rA Г/ //rrr О ^rf/f ш//гА^/ггу^/rf fJ^r/Mr/. B. Say what details Rachel mentioned in her thank-you note. Read the thank-you note below. Say why Carmen's friends have written it and what details they mention In the note. April23, 2006 Dear Carmen, Thank you so much for the absolutely fantastic week-end we spent at your place. We enjoyed every minute of it. We don't think we shall ever forget our visit to the Lake District and those unbelievable views of the place. Be sure you will get the pictures we took during our trip. Love, your friends Alice and Rose. Write two ination or 1) Thank 2) Thank 3) Thank 4) Thank them. 5) Thank 6) Thank thank-you notes from the list below. You can use your Imag-wrlte about a real event in your life. your neighbour for helping you to repair your bike, your aunt (uncle) for the birthday gift, your friend for the party. your grandparents for the month you have spent with your cousin for helping you with a school project, your aunt for having you to dinner. Read the invitation below and answer the questions. 1) What information does the heading include? 2) Why do you think this information is needed? 3) What details in your opinion should be included in an invitation? 4) Can you find the five parts typical of a letter (heading, greeting, body, closing, signature) in this invitation? 23 Reddiff Street London Ne 224RD December 7, 2006 Dear Aunt Sally and Unde Tom, / would like to invite you both to our sdioolplay, "The Case for Two Detectives". I play the part of a ridi old lady. The play will be performed on Thursday, December 2!, at 6 p. m. in our assembly hall. / hope you can come. Your niece, Marrion. 293 c Ф (V vл u Q) Write invitations for two of the following events. Be sure to include all the necessary details about It. Don't forget the five parts of a letter that should be put in. 1) a birthday party 2) a jazz band concert 3) a picnic 4) a weekend visit 5) a school performance Read what answer Aunt Sally has written to her niece Marrion. What details has she included In her note? r/fz/r//. 7 ^/rrr///t^r^ /a joru M//r/r r//zrZ Mff>nfr/г//rZY /r ГП///Г r///r/ frr//rZ yofff ^/r/y. 'Mr fry// Zr ZZ/ryr f'yy^Zy Mr// frr rr/// yr/ Г/ yrr^Zjrr// ^^r>rrZZf/rZ /// уГУГУ ^r/у/ lyY. f. CD on u CD 1Л Write an invitation for an imaginary party you would like to have. Exchange invitations with your classmate and write an answer to your classmate's invitation, saying that you accept it. Alice Robinson also wrote an invitation to her aunt. She wanted her Aunt Grace to come and see the same play on December 21. Read Aunt Grace's answer and say why she won't be able to join Alice. f///i Г)// S)rrr//fAr^ JO. A/rX:, yrjff r//// A/Xwc r/XXf/Xf^f/Z XXf ^Xiy. //f M>tiy ZX^/X »yVv7// Z С€ШГ. ^r-e. Write an invitation for a picnic you would like to have. Exchange invitations with your classmate and write an answer to your classmate's invitation explaining that you can't come. Англ о-русс к ий словарь abnormality [,а;Ьпэ:'гПсе1э11] аномалия to accept [ak'sept] принять accountant [o'kauntont] бухгалтер асе [eis] туз (в карточной игре) to achieve [3'tji:v] достичь achievement [э^1-^П1ЭП1 ] достижение to acquaint [a'kweint] познакомить acquaintance [a'kweintsns] 1) знакомство; 2) знакомый actually ['pektjuali] на самом деле adaptation [.aed^p'leijn] адаптация, приспособление television adaptation телевизионная версия addict fifidikt] пристрастившийся, зависимый человек addicted [a'diktid] пристрастившийся to be addicted to sth быть пристрастившимся к чему-то to admire [sd'maia] восхищаться, любоваться admiration [,жйтэ'ге!/п] восхищение to stare in (open) admiration не отрывать восхищенного взгляда to advertize ['icdvo,iaiz] рекламировать advertizer ['aedvo,taiza] рекламодатель to advise [od'vaiz] советовать, давать совет agent ['eicl5(3)nt] агент air host ['es.hausl] стюард air hostess ['c3,h3ustis] стюардесса alarm clock [э'1а:т,к1ок ] будильник alien ['eilian] пришелец alone [эМэип] один to leave sb alone оставить кого-то в покое to allow [э'1аи] позволять, разрешать although [э:1'дэи] хотя amusement arcade [s'mjuizmsnt o:'keid] зал игровых автоматов annual ['aenjual] ежегодный anyhow ['eni.hau] как бы то ни было anyway ['eni,wei] во всяком случае, так или иначе, тем не менее Antarctic, the [ien'tuiktik] Антарктика to apologize [э'ро1эфа1г] извиняться aqueduct ['sekwi,dAkt] акведук arch [u:lj] арка architect ['crkilekl] архитектор 295 to argue ['a:qju:] спорить to argue for/againsl sth приводить аргументы «за» и «против» чего-либо argument ['u:yjumani] аргумент around [a'raundl вокруг arrow ['эггэп] стрела article (оп/ about) ['cLtikl] статья artist ['a:tist] художник as [oz; xz] поскольку ashamed [o'Jeimd] пристыженный to be ashamed of sth стыдиться чего-либо asleep [a'slrp] спящий to be fast asleep крепко спать to be half asleep быть в полусонном состоянии to fall asleep заснуть astronomer [э'$1гопотэ] астроном to attract [yira'kl] привлекать attractive [a'traektiv] привлекательный author ['э:0э] автор axe [icks] топор в babyhood ['bcibihud] младенчество barefoot ['beafut] босиком basket ['ba:skit] корзина to be on [Ъ1; 'nn] идти (о фильмах, программах) What’s on at the cinema? Что идет в кино? beyond [bi jnnd] за пределами (a) bit [о) bit] немного blind [blaind] слепой the blind слепые (люди) bookworm {'bukwiirn] книжный червь bore [Ьз;] зануда bored [b3:dj скучающий I got bored. Мне надоело, boredom [Ъэ:йот] скука both [bou0] оба, обе bottom [Ътзт] дно, низ bow [Ьэи] лук для стрельбы brain [brein] мозг, ум, разум to get sth on the brain думать о чем-то brainless ['bremlos] безмозглый, глупый brainy ['bremi] умный breakthrough (Ъге1к0ги:] прорыв to broadcast ['broidka'.sl] транслировать to broadcast sth live транслировать непосредственно в эфир, без записи на пленку to broadcast on channel 5 транслировать по 5-му каналу to broadcast on the radio транслировать по радио to broadcast on TV транслировать no телевидению to call [ko:l] звать, называть, кричать, громко звать calm [ka;m] спокойный capable ['keipabi] способный capitalization [,kicpitolai'zciJn] написание с заглавной буквы to capture ['kicplfo] захватить, пленить to capture sb’s heart завладеть чьим-то сердцем care [ксз] забота to take care of sb/sth заботиться о ком-то/чем-то caring ['кезпо] заботливый carriage ['кжпф] экипаж, карета to carry ['kicri] нести to carry a subject иметь задолженность по предмету cart [ka:tj повозка, телега to cater ['keila] удовлетворять запросы to cater for sb удовлетворять чьи-то запросы They are well catered for. О них хорошо заботятся, cartoon [ka:'tii:n] мультфильм Caucasian [kni'keizisn] кавказец; кавказский certain ['S3;tnj уверенный certainly ['s3;tnli] наверняка, конечно certainty ['s3;lnii] уверенность CD player [,bi;'di:,pleia] проигрыватель компакт-дисков challenge ['фс1тф] вызов, трудная задача а challenge to fight вызов на бой challenging ['фс1тф10] трудный, но интересный channel ['lfa:nl] канал character ['kieriktsj 1) характер; 2) герой (книги, фильма) chariot ['tja;ri3i] колесница charity ['l/icroiij благотворительность charter [^а;1э] хартия to chase [tjcis] преследовать to chase a dream гоняться за мечтой, за недостижимым cheap [iji:p] дешевый 298 cheer [tfia] веселье to cheer up развеселиться cheerful веселый chef Lfcf] шеф-повар chello [Yelou] виолончель chemist [^kemist] химик childhood ['tjaildhud] детство choice [tjois] выбор chore [Уп:] 1) задание, обязанность {обычно по дому)\ 2) бремя citizen ['sitizn] гражданин to claim [kleini] 1) требовать; 2) утверждать, заявлять clear [klia] чистый, ясный cloth [klD0] ткань, тряпка coffee maker ['knfi.meika] кофеварка colleague ['’knikg] коллега column ['knbm] колонна, колонка to come [клт] приходить to come across наталкиваться, встречать to come down with слечь (c какой-то болезнью) to come off сойти, упасть, оторваться to come around заглянуть ненадолго to combine [kom'bain] соединять comedy play ['kDm9di,plei] комедийная пьеса comma ['кптэ] запятая commercial [кэ'тз:]!] реклама {телевизионная) to compare [кэт'реэ] сравнивать to complain [ksm'piein] жаловаться to concentrate f'knnsntreit] сосредоточить(ся) concentration [,kDiisn'treiJn] концентрация, сосредоточенность conclusion [кэп'к1и;зп] заключение, завершение conditional [ksn'dijnal] условный connector [ka'nekta] слово-связка consumer [kon'sju:mo] потребитель to continue [kon'tinju:] продолжать contrary ['kontrari] противоположный on the contrary наоборот cooker ['кикэ] кухонная плита cool [ku;l] крутой {сленг) copper ['кпрэ] 1) n медь; 2) adj медный corporation [,кэ:рэ'ге1/п] корпорация, объединение cosmonaut ['knzmano:!] космонавт counter ['kaonto] прилавок, стойка courage ['клпф] смелость It takes courage to do this. Для того чтобы сделать это, нужна смелость couple ['клр1] пара а married couple супружеская пара course [kois] курс (предмета) to create [kn'eit] создавать creation [kri'eijn] создание creative [kri'emv] творческий creator [kri'cito] творец crime [kraim] преступление a crime film фильм детективного жанра criminal ['kriminl] 1) n преступник; 2) adj преступный crop [kmp] 1) урожай; 2) сельскохозяйственная культура, растение to cross [kros] перечеркивать to cross out вычеркнуть cruel f кги;э1] жестокий cruelty ['kruialti] жестокость cult [кл11] культ, поклонение cupboard ['клЬзб] шкаф, бус1)ет current ['клгэп1] текущий, сегодняшний current address нынешний адрес current news последние новости (the) current political situation текущая политическая ситуация to be in current use использоваться в настоящее время -1 299 D daily ['deili] ежедневный to date [deit] встречаться c кем-то, назначать свидание deaf [del] глухой the deaf глухие (люди) debt [del] долг to be in debt быть в долгу to pay (off) a debt расплатиться c долгами debtor ['dels] должник decision [di'sisn] решение to make a decision принять решение decisive [di'saisiv] решительный deed [di:d] поступок, дело deep [di:p] глубокий, глубоко degree [di'gri:] степень bachelor’s degree степень бакалавра master’s degree степень магистра to a certain degree в определенной степени to depress [di'pres] угнетать, приводить в уныние depressed [di'prcsl] угнетенный, подавленный depression [di'presfn] тоска, депрессия desire [di'zai^] сильное, страстное желание destiny ['destani] судьба destruction [drslrAkJn] разрушение, уничтожение device [di'vais] приспособление, устройство digging stick ['digir),sul<] палка-копалка to disappear [^disa'pia] исчезать to discourage [dis'kAnd>] обескураживать, разочаровывать to discourage smb from doing smth отговаривать кого-то от чего-либо discoverer [di'skAvoro] 1) исследователь; 2) первооткрыватель dishwasher ['di|,wnJo] посудомоечная машина divorce [di'vDis] развод, расторжение брака to do [du:j делать to do well in a subject хорошо успевать по какому-то предмету documentary [,dnkjo'mcni(o)ri| документальный фильм dome [doom] купол don [donj преподаватель университета doubt fdaol] сомнение drugs [drAg/.] лекарства, наркотики duty ['djuili] долг, служба to be on duty быть на дежурстве, на посту to be off duty быть свободным от дежурства Е eagle f'i:gl] орел to earn [з:п] зарабатывать to earn one’s living зарабатывать себе на жизнь elderly ['eldali] пожилой election(s) [i'lekjn(z)] выборы empire ['empaio] империя employer [im'pbia] работодатель to enable [m'eibl] дать возможность, позволить to encourage [in'kAricfe] поощрять, воодушевлять, ободрять engine ['спфт] 1) двигатель; 2) локомотив а disel engine дизельный двигатель engineer [,спф'тэ] инженер engineering [,encfei'ni3rip] инженерная специальность to enjoy oneself [in'chpi WAii'sclf] хорошо проводить время to enlighten (in'laitn] просвещать enlightenment [m'laitnm^nt] просвещение to enter f'cnio] входить, поступать to enter (the) University поступать в университет to envy ['envi] завидовать equal ['iikwalj равный to be equal to/with smb быть равным кому-то, чему-то equality [rkwoloiij равенство to equip [I'kwip] оснащать equipment [I'kwipmaiil] оборудование especially [I'spcjli] особенно estate agent [r'sleil,citt5(^>)nl] риелтор event [i4'enl] событие eventually [I'vcnljuali] в конце концов, в конечном счете evidence ['evid(9)ns] свидетельство exact [ig'za;kt] точны11 exactly [ig'ziektii] точно to exchange [iks't|emd5] обменивать(ся) to exist [ig'zisl] существовать expectation [,ekspek'ici/nl ожидание to meet smb’s expectations соответствовать чьим-то ожиданиям against smb’s expectations вопреки ожиданиям to expel [tk'spd] выгонять, исключать (hj школы) experience [iks'piari^ns] опыт in one’s experience в соответствии с чьим-то опытом to explore [ik'splo;] 1£зучать, исследовать exploration [,ekspiyrcirn] исследование extreme [ik'stri:m] крайний, предельный extremely [ik'slrkmli] чрезвычайно eyesight ['aisail] зрение F fable [Teibl] басня fail [fed] провалить(ся) failure [Teiljo] провал, неудача fair [fco] справедливый to be fair to smb быть справедливым по отношению к кому-то fairy tale ['fcori, teil] сказка to fall (fell, fallen) [fo:l] падать to fall out with smb поссориться c кем-то fascinating ['fesmeilioj привлекательный, чарующий fashion designer ['faj/ndi^zama] модельер favour [Teiva] одолжение in smb’s favour в чью-то пользу to feel (felt, felt) [fi:l] чувствовать to feel at home чувствовать себя как дома to feel well хорошо себя чувствовать to feel bad плохо себя чувствовать 302 fence [fens] ограда, забор to find out [,faind'aut] обнаружить, найти fleet [fli:t] флот flight [flait] рейс, полет to be on (the) flight быть на борту самолета to delay the flight задержать рейс to flunk [Плрк] провалить(ся) на экзамене to follow [ТЫои] следовать to follow sb’s footsteps идти no чьим-то стопам food mixer [Tijd,miks3] миксер fool [fu:l] глупый человек, дурак forecaster ['fo:^a;st3] человек, составляющий прогноз погоды to form [Гэ:гп] формировать, составлять to be formed (of) состоять (из чего-либо) fortune ['fn:t)3n] 1) удача; 2) богатство, состояние frequency ['fri:kw3nsi] частота fruit machine [Ynj:trn3,Jl;n] игровой автомат frying pan ['franO/paen] сковорода to fulfill [,ГиГй1] выполнять fulfilment [^fulTilment] выполнение, исполнение G to gamble ['gaembl] играть в азартные игры gap [джр] пропасть, пространство to fill the gap заполнить пространство а gap year год перерыва в учебе для студентов университетов to gaze (at) [geiz] взирать на что-то to gaze into sth всматриваться во что-то general ['с[5еп(э)гэ1] общий in general в общем the general public широкая публика, общественность generation [,фепэ'ге1Хп] поколение the older (younger) generation старшее (младшее) поколение generation gap проблема отцов и детей gently ['фетИ] нежно, осторожно, мягко to get (got, got) [get] получать, достигать to get away сбежать, исчезнуть to get on сесть (на какой-либо транспорт) to get off сойти (с транспорта) to get into the car сесть в машину to get out of the car выйти из машины to get over справиться, преодолеть что-либо to get down to work взяться за работу ginger ['фтсЬэ] рыжий to give up [/givVp] отказаться, оставить, бросить gloom [gluim] мрак, тоска grade [greid] оценка; ступень обучения grain [grein] зерно grateful ['greiifal] благодарный guard [ga:d] стражник, охранник a bodyguard телохранитель a life guard спасатель guess [ges] догадка to make guesses строить предположения to guess [ges] догадываться guilty ['gilti] виновный guy [gai] парень 303 hairdresser ['Иеэ,dress] парикмахер hair dryer ['hes,drais] фен для сушки волос hammer ['Ьжтэ] молот, молоток hang-glider ['hceo,glaido] дельтаплан hangout ['hicgaut] место встречи, отдыха (подростков) hand [haend] рука on the one hand, on the other hand c одной стороны, с другой стороны heater ['hi;is] обогреватель hoe [hou] мотыга, тяпка helmet ['helmil] каска helicopter ['heli,kDpts] вертолет help [help] 1) « помощь; 2) v помогать You couldn’t help it. Ничего нельзя было поделать, hemisphere ['hemi,sfio] полущарие highlights ['hai,laits] основные вехи high school ["hai,sku:l] средняя школа в США to hold (held, held) [heuld] 1) держать; 2) проводить to hold by the hand держать за руку to hold sth with both hands держать обеими руками to hold a meeting (party) проводить собрание (вечеринку) Hold on! Подожди! He вешай трубку! honesty ['nmsii] честность hoodie ['hudi] куртка или толстовка с капюшоном host [hsusl] хозяин; ведущий ток-шоу а host country принимающая страна however [hau'evs] как бы то ни было human ['hju:msn] человеческий humane (hji/nicmj гуманный humanity [hjii.'mienoli] человечество to humiliate [hju;'mili,eill унижать humiliating [hju:'mili,cmii] унизительный humour ['hjurmn] юмор humorous ['hju:mnros] юмористический I ignorant ['|дпэгз1И] невежественный to imagine [I'micd^m] представлять себе, воображать imagination [i,micct>i'nci|nj воображение it takes great imagination нужно большое воображение immoral [I'mnrnI] аморальный, противоречащшЧ морали impossible [im'posobl] невозможный to improve [im'priKv] улучшить, усовершенствовать improvement [mi'prirvniani] улучшение indented (line) [m'dentidj 1) изрезанная (линия); 2) красная строка independence [mdi'pcndoiib] независимость industrial [in'dAsirial] промышленный, индустриальный industrial revolution промышленная революция infinitive [iiiTiiiDtiv] инфинитив, неопределенная форма глагола instead [in^ied] вместо instead of doing sth вместо того, чтобы делать что-то to interrupt [,1П1о'глр1] прерывать, перебивать {говорящего) interruption [дтэ'глрГоп] прерывание intimate ['intimoi] личный, интимный intimate secret сокровенная тайна to invent [in'veni] изобретать invention [m'venjnj изобретение inventor [in'venta] изобретатель to investigate [in'vesli,gcil] исследовать iPod ['aipnd] айпод {плеер нового поколения) irregular [I'reqjula] неправильный irrigation [,m'gcijn] ирригация, орошение to irritate ['iri,tcit] раздражать irritation [jri'lcijn] раздражение iron ['aion] 1) железо; 2) утюг J to jive [d^aiv] танцевать под быструю музыку jogging ['chngig] бег трусцой joke [фоок] шутка journal ['dj3:nl] журнал journalist ['cfe3:nolisl] журналист joy (ctsai] радость job [фпЬ] работа odd job временная работа к kid [kid] 1) козленок; 2) (равг.) ребенок kindness ['kamdnas] доброта knife [naiQ нож knowledge ['nnlids] знание to have some (no) knowledge of snith (не) иметь представление о чем либо 305 L labour [Meiba] труд а labour market ['lcibp,ma:kit] рынок труда to lay (laid, laid) [Ici ] класть, положить to lay the table накрыть на стол to launch [b:mj] 1) v запускать (ракету); 2) п запуск lawyer ['b:jo] адвокат, юрист to lead (led, led) [li:d] вести to lead a busy life вести активный образ жизни leader ('liids] 1) лидер, вождь; 2) передовица leather ['1с(Ъ] 1) п кожа; 2) oclj кожаный legend ['Icd3(a)nd] легенда to let (let, let) [Id] позволять, разрешать lens [Icnz] линза lie [lai] 1) n ложь; 2) v лгать to tell a lie (lies) лгать to light (lit, lit) [lail] освещать likely ['laikli] вероятно local ['loukl] местный lonely ['bonli] одинокий to look [Ink] смотреть to look after присматривать, ухаживать, заботиться to look at смотреть на to look for искать to look forward to sth (doing sth) c нетерпением ждать чего-либо to look through просматривать lousy ['lauzi] 1) грязный; 2) мерзкий 306 М mad [maid] безумный, сумасшедший to be mad about sth быть без ума от чего-либо to go mad сойти с ума madly ['maedli] безумно madness ['m] копье spell [spelj очарование, чары to spoil [spoil] портить to spread (spread, spread) [sprcd] 1) расправить; 2) распространяться to spread over the country распространять(ся) no стране spread n [sprcd] 1) скатерть, покрывало; 2) паста, пастообразный продукт, паштет cheese spread мягкий (плавленый) сыр chicken spread куриный паштет spy [spai] 1) п шпион; 2) v шпионить to spy for smb шпионить в пользу кого-либо to spy on smb шпионить за кем-либо stand (for) [suend] обозначать standard ['suendad] 1) n стандарт; 2) adj стандартный steam [sti:m] nap a steam engine napOBoii двигатель stem [stem] основа слова to store [slo:] хранить story [4lDTi] история, рассказ, повесть an adventure story приключенческая повесть a horror story готическая повесть, повесть, полная ужасов а love story рассказ, повесть о любви а mystery story мистический рассказ, повесть а science-fiction story научно-фантастический рассказ а short story рассказ а war story повесть о войне, военный рассказ strange [siremds] странный to succeed in smth [sok'si:d] преуспеть в чем-либо to suit smth [sii:l] подходить к чему-либо sum [s,\m] 1) сумма; 2) задачка to do sums решать задачки to sum up суммировать to suppose [ss'pDOz] предполагать He is supposed to go... Предполагается (ожидается), что он должен идти... to surf ['s3;t] скользить по поверхности to surf the channels переключать каналы телевизора to surf the net «сидеть» в Интернете survey ['S3.vei] опрос (общественного мнения)^ обзор table-cloth ['ieibl,kln0] скатерть talk show [Чэ;к,/эи] ток-шоу (телевизионная передача) tatters ['liClazj лохмотья tax(es) [lc'eks(iz)] налог(и) to tear (tore, torn) [teo] рвать tense [tens] напряженный tired [4aiod] усталый to be tired of smth устать от чего-либо though [сЪи] хотя threat [0rel] угроза a threat of rain угроза дождя a threat to freedom угроза свободе to threaten ['0rcin] угрожать threatening ['0rcimo] угрожающий through [0m:J сквозь, через to be through with smth покончить c чем-то toaster ['lousta] тостер tongs [tnnz] щипцы too [lu;] слишком tool [lu;l] инструмент top [inpj верх, вершина to be at the top of the class быть лучшим учеником в классе trade [trcid] торговля domestic trade торговля на внутреннем рынке foreign trade внешняя торговля tourist trade туристический бизнес world trade международная торговля trader ['trcidr»] торговец train [trcin] тренировать, обучать trainer ['irema] тренер trash [tncj] 1) отбросы, хлам, мусор; 2) ерунда, вздор treasure ['tre^?] сокровище treasure-house [ЧгезэЬаоь] сокровищница to trust [trASl] доверять try [irai] 1) и пытаться, пробовать; 2) п попытка to try on примерять turn [t3;n] 1) /г поворот, изгиб; 2) и поворачивать at the turn of the century на рубеже веков to turn down сделать тише to turn into превратиться в to turn off выключить to turn on включить to turn out оказаться to turn over перевернуть(ся) to turn up оказаться, неожиданно появиться to type [taipj печатать to type in/into a computer печатать на компьютере to type on a typewriter печатать на пишущей машинке 314 и to underline [,,\nd3'lain] подчеркивать underlined [,And9'laind] подчеркнутый unemployed [,Amm'pbid] безработный the unemployed [,Anini'plDid] безработные люди unforgettable [,АпГэ'дс1эЬ1] незабываемый the universe ['ju:ni,v3:s] вселенная unreal [,AnVi9l] нереальный unsocial [Aii'sau/l] неспособный находить контакт с людьми to use V Uu:z] использовать use n [jir.s] использование to be in use употребляться there is no use doing sth бесполезно делать что-либо free use of sth бесплатное использование чего-либо used [ju:zd] использованный used [ju;si] to sth привыкший к чему-либо to be used to doing sth привыкнуть делать что-то used [ju:sl] to do sth иметь обыкновение делать что-то (в прошлом) I used to take the bus. Я имел обыкновение ездить на автобусе. V vacuum cleaner ['uaekju?m,kli:no] пылесос variety [vD'raisti] разнообразие various ['veori9s] различный, разнообразный vet [vet] ветеринар viola [vibub] альт {музыкальный инструмент) violence ['vaiobns] насилие, ярость the violence of storm ярость бури violent [Vaiabnt] яростный, жестокий violin [,vai9'lin] скрипка voluntary ['уп1эп1(э)п] добровольный w warning ['wDinm] предупреждение washing machine [Vnjin ma'Jlin] стиральная машина to waste [weisl] тратить понапрасну wasteful [Veistfl] расточительный waterwheel ['wD:t3,wi:l] водяное колесо way [wei] 1) путь, дорога; 2) способ the other way round наоборот weapon ['wepan] снаряд, оружие atomic weapons атомное оружие biological weapons биологическое оружие weekly ['wi:kli] \)adj еженедельный; 2) n еженедельник wheat [wi:t] пшеница whisper ['wispa] 1) n шепот; 2) v шептать to say in a whisper произнести шепотом whiteness ['wailnis] белизна whole [haul] целый wholly ['hsuli] в целом wise [waiz] мудрый wisdom ['wizdam] мудрость within [wid'm] внутри, в пределах womanhood fwum9n,hud] зрелость (о женщине) worth [w3;0] стоящий to be worth doing sth стоит сделать что-либо to worry ['wAii] беспокоиться to wrap [nep] заворачивать to wrap sth round oneself завернуться во что-то 315 if the young (jAi)] молодежь, молодые люди youth (ju:0] 1) n молодежь; 2) adj молодежный zoologist [zau'Dlocfeist] зоолог Таблица неправильных глаголов 316 be [bi:] was/were [wnz]/[w3:] been [bi:n] бы nib become [Ь|'клт] became [bi'keim] become [Ь|'клт] станови гпься, яелят ься begin [bi'gin] began [bi'gtcn] begun [Ь|''длп] начинать blow [Ыэи] blew [blu:] blown [blaun] дуть break [breik] broke [brouk] broken [brauk(a)n] ломать broadcast ['bro:dku:sl] broadcast ['broidkoisl] broadcast ['bra:dku:st] т ранслировать bring [brio] brought [bra:i] brought [bn;l] приносит ь build fbiid] built [blit] built [blit] строить burn [Ьз:п] burnt [Ьз:п1] burnt [Ьз:ш] жечь^ гореть buy [bai] bought [ban] bought [bo;l] покупать can [kicn] could [kud] МОЧЬ catch [kictf] caught [ka:i] caught [ka:t] схватить, поймать choose [tfu:z] chose ['tjouz] chosen ['tfauzn] выбирать come [клт] came [keim] come [клт] приходить cut [кл1] cut [кл1] cut [кл1] резать do [du;] did [did] done [d\n] делать draw [dro:] drew [dm:] drawn [dra:n] рисовать dream [dri:m] dreamed/ dreamt [drcmt] dreamed, dreamt [dremt] мечтать drink [driok] drank [dncok] drunk [drAok] п и т ь drive [draiv] drove [drauv] driven ['driv(a)n] водить {машину и т. п.) eat [i;t] ate [cl] eaten ['i:in] есть fall [b:l] fell [fel] fallen ['fa:lan] падать feel [П:1] felt [fell] felt [felt] чувствовать fight [fail] fought [fait] fought [fa:t] драться, сражаться find [famd] found [faund] found [faund] находить fly [hai] flew [flu:] flown [floun] летать forget [fo'gcl] forgot [fa'gm] forgotten [fo'gnin] забывать . Продолжение табл. get [get] got [gm] got [gm] получать give [giv] gave [geiv] given ['givn] давать go[gou] went [went] gone [gnn] идт и, направляться grow [дгэи] grew [grill] grown [groun] расти hang [hieo] hung [liAo] hung [lug] вешать have[haw] had [had] had [haed] иметь hear [hia] heard [Inld] heard [h3ld] слышать hold [hculd] held [held] held [held] держать, содержать hurt [halt] hurt [li3ll] hurt [h3ll] причинять боль keep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept] держать, содержать know [паи] knew [njui] known [naun] знать lay [Ici] laid [Icid] laid [leid] положить, класть learn [lain] learned/learnt [hint] learned/learnt [l3lnl] учить leave [li:v] left [left] left [left] уезжать, покида ть, оставлять lead [li:d] led [led] led [led] вести let [let] let [let] let [let] позволять, давать lie [lai] lay [lei] lain [lem] лежать lose [luiz] lost [lost] lost [Inst] терять make [mcik] made [mcid] made [meid] делать, изготовлять mean [mi;n] meant [mcnl] meant [menl] значить, иметь в виду meet [mill] met [met] met [met] встречать put [pul] put [pul] put [pul] класть read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] читать ride [raid] rode [raud] ridden ['ridn] езди т ь {верхом на лошади, на велосипеде) ring [rin] rang [ra'o] rung [глд] звонить rise [raiz] rose [rouz] risen ['rizan] подниматься run [глп] ran [nen] run [глп] бега т ь say [sci] said [sed] said [sed] сказать w*|mI MW (0^1 •am |мя| j •ЫИ (wvU) s^l(u<4d) 1 прс^&ыть •rnd Г*€Г|1 |vnl| 1 ffotbf^omh ft зкг ( . !k 1 •hf«* U*A1 shpkm ! mpjirmji/(rb). ^ Jpoarn/nt .*.(.k,| rkirfS |Mird| MOfamurir 1 HQ лыжаж '-J.-Jt |ч ^ ► 1 Г|^гМ»)п| ' /oeo^Ajma -l-lll l') «рек|фся| ffwt {^ftj npoujMoruma fio ■pant /М); ffpModwma ?pr#*aH i (время) Ч trtnl 1 t;srrad Itpml| 1 i^ar/i/KiRuma; pot ^ ярггл|р0нл^Мгя| • U *.(J ( V « n«1| %ыж^ rmnsfn* hu Л|- \ ^rucli{U/AL| dumh (o часом) ilft (wmi| •wan {^wrmj •wum ($^л|Г|| ПшЧааать (utk| (ntk] takan брать 1аи{Ы (13|| tA--£lit{ial| ‘ учить, €^учать ••'ЛГ 111 :J Ura|t^| Um рмть U\t {K\) lcM|taS] снамтьщ tf >\ P rX] ttlOU«hl|IUt| lhtughl|0^;| f9u.9iim¥ tllilliTM* r,ii un<)4isfidj |\od»'Mud] 1 WV>«J (SST?| worafw.i) worn 1 шжитЬщ быть од*тым Wtr |V^iri| wonIw.\n] won I%^Mi] шыи/рыаать «ntf |t»| wrol# [mr] WnU«Rf*riin| писать Список сокращений Am В** — Aminenit En|h»)t b* - bom ВС -* BafomCbnii Bln* — ЫИкоп Br Б* ^ BnUali K»\$lt»h CA — CaltfonuA CD compaci dtak CIA — Cmtml InteihgatirT Agency ШРУ» DC ** DUtrici Ы ColumbU DVD ^ an ob)act hkr о CD that hm a film or lalmnvion protmmma rr* rardodon it UP * mombirni of Pirhainant Ur* ^ maUr Si* - Blfwt TV — trlrviatoe UK —' Umtml KiAfdom ^ Слом, orwrwtinbia мазаочкоА. гокрошлютсл толысо m пмгшг. ш при ЧГ9ПЫЫ щютчткштгш полмт*». Содержание Unit 1. Masa Meflia: TrlcvUion......... Unit 2. The Printed Page: Booke, M8gnziiH4), Newspapers ... Unit 3. Science and Tcchnolog>’........ Unit 4. Teenagers: Tlieir Life and Problems Unit 5. Your Future Life and Career.... АяглО'русекмй словарь ................. Таблица неправильимх глаголов.......... Список сокращений.................. 63 121 182 239 295 316 319