Английский язык Учебник 8 класс Кузовлев Лапа Перегудова

Условные обозначения и сокращения Щ — чтение — говорение — слушание — письменное задание Г.1 • — домашнее задание — поиск информации в Интернете п дополнительное задание England* — см. лингвострановедческий справочник (LCG) LCG — Linguistic and Cultural Guide AB — Activity Book R — Reader V(^ish Student's Book n i »« ФГОС АНГЛИИСКИИ язык 8 класс Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации 2-е издание Москва «Просвещение» 2015 СОИ» иивЛ УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2АНГЛ-922 А64 Авторы: В. П. Кузовлев, Н. М. Лапа, Э. Ш. Перегудова, И. П. Костина, Е. В. Кузнецова, О. В. Дуванова, Ю. Н. Кобец Нау^шый консультант авторского коллектива акад. РАО, ' д-р психол. наук И.А. Зимняя Научный руководитель авторского коллектива проф. Е. И. Пассов Консультант М. Дандридж (Великобритания) Консультант по языковому тестированию канд. пед. наук В.Н. Симкин На учебник получены положительные заключения по результатам научной (заключение РАН № 10106-5215/195 от 12.10.2011 г.), педагогической (заключение РАО № 193 от 29.01.2014 г.) и общественной (заключение РКС № 202 от 07.02.2014 г.) экспертиз. Английский язык. 8 класс : учеб, для общеобразоват. А64 организаций / [В. П. Кузовлев, Н. М. Лапа, Э. Ш. Перегудова и др.]. 2-е изд. — М. : Просвещение, 2015. — 270 с. : ил. — ISBN 978-5-09-036048-7. Учебник является основным компонентом учебно-методического комплекта «Английский язьпс» и предна.тнпчен для учащихся 8 класса общеобра.човательных npi-анизацнй. Задан11л учебника направлены на тренировку учащихся во всех видах речевой деятельности (аудировании, говорен1Ш, чтении и письме), обеспечивают достиже1ше личностных, мета предметных и предметных результатов и гармоничный переход к завершающему этапу обучения в основной школе. Учебник также предусматривает участие шко.иьников в проектной деятельности и в учебно-исследовательской работе с использованием мультимедийных ресурсов и компьютерных техноло1ИЙ. Содержание учебника соответствует т|)ебованиям Федера-чьного государственно-ю образовательного стапдарта основного общего образова1шя. ISBN 978-5-09-038048 7 м • УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2АНГЛ-922 И.эдательство «Просвещение», 2014 Художественное оформление. Издательство «Просвещение», 2014 Все права защищены Lesion 1 .Britain is more Hlian London 1. Vocabulary. The United Kingdom. Great Britain. Britain. England, the British^ Isles — these different names are sometimes used to mean the same thing, and they are often used wrongly. BOB 1) Look at the three maps. Which is the map of the United Kingdom? Which is the map of Great Britain? Which is the map of the British Isles? Read through the text and label each map. Use the Word Box to learn the‘meaning of the highlighted words. SCOTLAND NORTHERN ^ V. IRELAND . w - ’P IRELAND THE BEPUBUC Of IRELAND ENGLAND -г I-j- 1 ь b- SCOTLAND NORTHERN' IRELAND ^ > ✓ jlHEjlEPUBUC SCOTLAND'’ NORTHERN IRELAND ■■ M ' — OFIRaANO' ? ENGLAND ' O' THEJIEPUBLIC; ,CF Ireland/ m- '«).■ pi ENGLAND^ -cnj y' -y ~J Two large islands and a lot of small ones are situated to the northwest of Europe. They are known as the British Isles. The largest island is called Great Britain. The other large island is called Ireland. In the British Isles there are two states; the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.* Great Britain, or Britain, is the name for the largest island in the British Isles, which is divided into England, Scotland and Wales. It is the eighth largest island in the world. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and in the west and by the North Sea in the east. In the south it is separated by the English Channel from the continent. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political name for the country, which is made up of England,* Scotland,* Wales* and Northern Ireland.* It is usually known by a shorter name of the United Kingdom or the UK. People often name the United Kingdom as Great Britain or Britain. The capital of the UK is London. The population of the UK is more than 60 mil- Unit 1 Lesson 1 lion people. It should be remembered that not only the English live in the UK. The Scots, Welsh and Irish are British too. The British are also people of other ethnic groups whose parents came to live in the UK in the 1950s and 1960s from India, Pakistan, Hong Kong and other places. Most British people speak English, but such languages as Welsh, Gaelic* and others are also spoken and taught at schools in the UK. situated - расположенный north - север west - запад south - ЮГ east - восток a state - государство to divide - делить(ся), разделять(ся) to wash - омывать to separate I'separeil] - отделять to make up phr v — составлять a population [,pDpju'leiJnJ - население ethnic - этнический such as — как, например; такой (-ая, -ие) ..., как Words to guess northwest n — 1 an ocean ('эи/п] n - ? S 2) What is the difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain and the British Isles? Answer the questions. • What are the British Isles? Where are they situated? What states are situated in the British Isles? • What is the UK? What countries is the UK made up of? • What is Great Britain? What countries is Great Britain divided into? • What is the make up of the population of the UK? • What languages are spoken in the UK? В ^ ^ Look at the map of England on p. 8. What is England like? Use the map and the words from the box in the correct form. i^romrr)Q(^ r revision vT. Present Simple Passive, to be + Participle II The island is washed by the sea. Остров омывается морем. The island is situated in the north. Остров расположен на севере. , GS р. 189, 193 , call • south • divide • population • know east • situated • make up • wash I England is the largest of the countries that ( PP S England is ^ ^ ) to the ^ of Wales and to the England by the North Sea, C. J the UK. of Scotland. and the Strait of Dover. About 50 million people out of the С15п1)1//& Sf qf the UK live in England. England dtifcfrry) into small regions. These regions 'counties.* The counties around London as the Home Counties. They are л/и // С&Л ■ Unit 1 a Lesson 1 ORKNEY 1?;:^ xl' J3RAMPIANI HIGHLAND J SCOTLAND RFE - SHETLAND ORKNEY \ORTH SEA N ^ 1 \LOT^iy . STRATHCLYDE ) ^ О s R h T A // fepRDER» ''DLIMFHIES ■ Northern IRELAND / VDUMFHI(_ ^ p^ANOQALijgWfl^ ^ n‘ ^ || 7 R I S H CUMBRIA' NORTHUMBERLAND TYNE AND WEAR _^LEVELAND ISLE OF MAN SEA MERSEYSIDf LANCASHIRE VW\ HUMBERSIDE KSHIRE 1 2 LINCOLNSHIRE GVWNEDD. N 6 L A-.N D. *^^ '4 Л W A OYFED 1 GREATER MANCHESTER 2 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 3 WEST MIDLANDS 4 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE 5 BEDFORDSHIRE 6 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE 7 WEST GLAMORGAN 8 MID GLAMORGAN 9 SOUTH GLAMORGAN 10 BERKSHIRE 11 GREATER LONDON NORFOLK. SHIRE ■ SUFFOLK 6|Ы^ Essex .cncforio^ XSWHE Ч Щ LONDON AVON -‘'n SOMSTSET DEVON KENT ^ CORNWAa SHIRE ) 'THAMP'F.SKW’^ OCnSE,' />1 ISLE OF WIGHT / ;I % ( • I C il ‘I n n t I Л, Many people from different countries come to live in the UK. Mf9 1) What is Britain’s population like? Use the information in the chart on p. 9 (Census, 2001). Start with the highest per cent (%) or the largest number. Country Person Population Fi England an Englishman (-woman) the English •H Pakistan a Pakistani the Pakistanis China a Chinese the Chinese Russia a Russian the Russians GS p. 184 8 Unit 1 Lesson 1 Population of the United Kingdom: by ethnic group Numbers % Wlute 54 153 898 92.1 Mixed 677 117 1.2 Indian 1 053 411 1.8 Pakistani 747 285 1.3 Bangladeshi 283 063 0.5 Other Aslan 247 664 0.4 Black Caribbean 565 876 1.0 Black African 485 277 0.8 Black other 97 585 0.2 Chinese 247 403 0.4 Other ethnic groups 230 615 0.4 Total population 58 789 194 100 Q ^ 2) What other countries are people who live in the UK from? Use the sites http;//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20677321 and https://www.daiIymail.co.uk/news/article-2525144. B9 3) Listen to three speakers talking about their countries. What countries are the speakers from? How do they describe themselves? How do they feel about their countries? (listening for detail) ^ ^ In your culture. Some foreign teenagers don’t know much about Russia. What would you tell your foreign friend about Russia? Use the Fact File and the sites https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/russia-population and https://rusemb.org.uk/russian-population. -:.FACTW^^ Asia •••••• Name: The Russian Federation (Russia) Geographical location: Eastern Europe, Northern Asia Area: 17.1 million square kilometres: like the USA and Europe together, 9000 kilometres from east to west and 5000 from north to south Capital city: Moscow Land division: republics, krais, oblasts, okrugs Population: more than 140 000 000 Ethnic groups: more than 180 ethnic groups («80% Russians, «4% Tatars, «2% Ukrainians, «1% Bashkirs, «1% Chuvash, «11% Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Belarussians, Buryats, Evenks, Georgians, Ingush, Kalmyks, Kazakhs, Udmurts, Uzbeks, Yakuts and others) Languages: Russian (official), other languages ^ Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 1. Unit 1 Lesson 1 9 Lesson My image of Britain ^ t. When people think of a foreign country, they imagine different things. What do you imagine when you think of Britain? 2-' VOCabulary. Itie current magazine asked its readers to give their opinions about Britain. sas 1) Do the teenagers from different countries imagine similar things about Britain? Use the Word Box to learn the meaning of the highlighted words. When people think of Britain, they only think of London. If you travel 100 miles (160 km) out of London, you are in a different worldl The people are kinder, more relaxed and more helpful. The landscape is more beautiful and there are no traffic jams. Another idea people have of Britain is that the weather is always rainy and bad. I think they are right. The British Isles have never been famous for good weather. I also associate with Britain such beautiful sights as Big Ben,* Buckingham Palace,* Windsor Cjistle* and others. Driving on the left is another thing that comes into my mind when I think about Britmn. (Sue White, 14, England) When I think of Britain, I think of two large areas, Scotland and England. I associate with Scotland warm and friendly people and the popular Highland Games* and festivals with traditional Scottish dances and bagpipes.* ...When I think of England, I picture the Queen and the Royal Family, people from many countries and football. (Marni Duncan, 15, Scotland) 10 When I think of the British, I think of their customs and traditions. A British accent comes into my mind, for example the phrase “Would you like a cup of tea?”. From television and books I have got such an image of the typical Brit. Perhaps he is eating fish and chips* in a pub* or playing darts.* I also think of great ceremonies like the Changing of the Guard.* I have never been to Britain but I hope to go some day and find out if my ideas are true. (Sarah Wilson, 15, the USA) Unit 1 Lesson 2 The only big city that I can picture is London. I imagine the country with small quiet towns where there is not much to do for entertainment, that is why people may read more or learn to play £in instrument, or write, or do something other than go to the cinema. I also picture a cricket* match on a village green.* The best thing about Britain is that there isn’t much violence and crime. My image of Britain is, perhaps, far from the truth, but this is how I see it. (Dan Wood, 14, the USA) traffic - движение, транспорт; a ~ jam - скопление транспорта, затор, пробка to associate [o'sanjieit] - ассоциировать mind - ум, разум; to come into one’s - приходить на ум a custom - обычай for example - например an image f'lmict^l - образ quiet ['kwaist] - тихий, бесшумный violence ['vaiabns] - жестокость, насилие Words to guess to picture = to imagine an accent ['ajksant] л — ? typical ['lipikl] a - ? 2) What are the teenagers’ opinions about the foliowing things? Geographical location Landscape The capital Sports Customs and traditions Food Street safety Weather Transport People Sights Free time Language When Sue thinks of the capital, .imagines .. pictures ... <1111 . pi( ... come(s) into her mind. UnitJ [ Lesson 2 i 11 1 12 L_ Н б 3) Which of the teenagers' opinions do you share? Д 4) These are some photos of Britain. What information about Britain do the photos give? Label the photos. Unit 1 Lesson 2 Е In а survey, the foreigners were asked to name some things they associate with Russia. Here are the results. Do the foreigners have a positive/negative/true/false image of Russia? How will you comment on these associations? a huge country with beautiful landscapes • very cold weather interesting customs and traditions • traffic jams beautiful music and songs like Kalinka • friendly people Red Square with beautiful cathedrals • a lot of ethnic groups wonderful sights of Moscow and St Petersburg a lot of violence and crime The foreigners associate Russia with ... . I agree because But 1 don’t agree that ... . The fact is, ... . ^ 4r. In your culture. What do you imagine when you think of your country or area? What photos will you send to your foreign friend for him/her to better imagine your country or area? Explain your choice. ^ Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 2. Unit 1 Lesson 2 13 Lesson What are the British like? Television, films and books give us ideas about what British people are like Which of these characteristics comes into your mind when you think of the British? : I think the Britisli are friendly and polite. friendly/unfriendly helpful lazy/hard-working proud - (Щг^4ссс sociable/unsociable polite/impolite honest/dishonest have a good sense of humour hospitable f'hDSpitablJ -- гостеприимный reserved [n'z3:vd] — сдержанный generous f'ct^enoras] — щедрый emotional / xjunemotional — ? serious ['si3ri3s]/iTOt serious — ? 2. There are general descriptions of people from different countries. Si) What are the British considered to be like? Какими считают британцев? The British are said to be polite. The English are thought to have a good sense of humour. The British are considered to drink a lot of tea. The British are said not to make friends easily with strangers. The Scots are said to be a serious people. The Welsh are known to be emotional people. ^ iaad./ people — люди a people — народ peoples — народы I 14 Unit 1 Lesson 3 2) What structure is used to report one’s thoughts and opinions? Read the rule and check. ^rClirY)WQf in focus Subject + passive verb + infinitive Подлежащее + глагол в страдательном залоге + неопределённая форма глагола Когда мы передаём чьи-то мнения, мысли о ком-либо или о чём-либо, мы используем глаголы to think, to say, to know, to consider (считать), to believe (полагать, считать), to suppose (предполагать, полагать), to report (сообщать) в страдательном залоге с последующим инфинитивом. The British are known to be polite people. Известно, что британцы — вежливые люди. The British are considered to drink a lot of tea. Считается, что британцы пьют много чая. GS р. 192 1 3) Li6Brilillg to translate. Translate the opinions about the British. 4) What other opinions about the British do people have? Transform the sentences according to the model. They say that the English are a tradition-loving people. The English are said to be a tradition-loving people. • People believe that the British talk about the weather all the time. • People think that the English don’t like changes very much. • People consider that the British are not good at learning foreign languages. • They say that the English don’t spend much money on clothes. • People believe that the Septs are careful with money. • People think that the Irish are great talkers. • People consider that the Irish have “a sweet tooth”; they love cakes, chocolate and sweets. • People know that the British don’t like to show their feelings. Unit 1 Lesson 3 1 1 15 s. People say different things about the British. Generally these descriptions are not true! В ^ 1) What opinion about the British are these facts in favour of or against? fact file Д • The British drink on average^ 3.39 (three point thirty-nine) cups of tea each day and 1.65 cups of coffee. • 46% of the British like doing work in the garden. Every town has one or more garden centres. • Tliere is a pet in nearly 50% of the 24.2 million homes in Britain. • Many British people wear suits to the office during the week, but at weekends they like wearing jeans. • There are some very good Welsh actors and singers like Anthony Hopkins, Catherine Zeta Jones and Tom Jones. • 1 in 5 British people lives in the countryside, 70% wouldn’t like to live in the city. f i 1 to love animals very much to be nature lovers to like gardening to be tea drinkers 1 1 \ Ч _ to sing beautifully not to think of clothes very much 16 ‘ on average I'revsncfel - в среднем Unit 1 Lesson 3 British people are thought to ... And the following facts prove it, for example ... Or: But the facts say quite different things, for example ... ^ — * 2) What do the people who have visited Britain think of the British? (listening for detail) Й In your culture. Foreign people associate the following characteristics with the Russians. What will you say in favour of or against these characteristics? Give examples from your experience. ^ brave patriotic hospitable friendly to foreigners generous take an active part in social life don’t like to work hard have a good sense of humour ^ Шл Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 3. Unit 1 Lesson 3 17 I Lesson I *>i-ro\ < I’MiL Ч 4Jw Here is an extract from Antoinette Moses’ story in which she describes Barbara’s stay in England. H 1) Find out in which part of the story the author describes the following (reading for the main idea): Я A. why Barbara came to England '*1 ^B. what surprised Barbara in Netting Hill most of all ^ C. Barbara’s friends’ images of England D. Barbara’s discoveries about the English ^ E. what Barbara knew about Britain Ql. “My turn,” said James. “Next game: you’ve got a lime capsule and you want to put one thing in it which represents England. What do you choose?” “A Number Seveii Manchester United shirt,” said Ben. Number Seven was the shirt worn by David Beckham, who was Ben’s personal hero. “That just represents England now,” argued Barbara. “How about a cup of tea?” she suggested. “No,” said James. “No one drinks tea any more. Everyone drinks cappuccino." 2. Barbara looked at her friends. There she was in London with a group of Londoners, playing games. She was the first person in her village to go to England and her parents were very proud of the scholarship' she had won which enabled^ her to study at the University of Westminster in Ix>ndon. Her college was right in the centre of London. 3. Before she arrived, Barbara had thought that she knew everythii.g about England. She had watched every film about Ei^land from her local video shop. She’d watched the film Notting Hill seven times>l^e couldn’t wait to meet Hugh Grant o^ome other Englishman who looked just like him. SheM also seen some oilier filmsTwhich sliowed that there were villages in England, a bit like tho.se at home. There was a north-south divide, her English teacher had told her. Barbara wondered what the north-south divide looked like. Perhaps it was a bit like the Grand Canyon in America, but smaller. ' a scholarship - стипендия * to enable - давать возможность Unit 1 Lesson 4 /i' u/e>^ ,4. It had been a shock arriving in Netting Hill and finding that apart ^rom^ the Russells, the family she was staying with, most of the other people in the street were black. Netting Hill, she soon discovered, was a centre of Afro-Caribbean culture. When she first arrived, she discovered that despite^ her good marks in English at school, she didn’t understand a word anyone said. She also met some of the Russells’ neighbours, who were English with West Indian parents. Barbara disco'\^red, that in fact they spoke more clearly than lots of the white people she met and they were very friendly. 5. One day Barbara met Ben and his friends who met up most evenings to go for something to eat or to see a film. “The English are strange,” said Ben one afternoon. “Yes,” agreed Barbara. Later that night, back in her room, she took out some paper. “Strange things about the English: Number 1,” she wrote. “There are some things that are bad, which you may talk about, and some things, which are good, that you may not talk about.” She had discovered that you mustn’t talk about how much money a person earned, but you may talk about how much money a person spent. In fact, the English students talked about money all the time. You may, also, talk about love but not about illness. In fact, considered Barbara, students in England generally didn’t want to talk about anything serious. Barbara had told her friends about her list and soon they were all making suggestions. “When the English come back from other countries they always say what a lovely time they’ve had and how friendly everyone was. That’s because they don’t expect^ people to be friendly, because they aren’t friendly to foreigners,” said James. “No,” said Barbara, ‘everyone’s been really nice to me since I got here.’ 'apart from — не считая * despite - несмотря на *l« expect — ожидать, предполагать Unit 1 Lesson 4 19 2) In the story the author writes about some things, places and people of Britain and the USA SEL a) What do they mean? Match them with their descriptions. Label the pic-^ tures on p. mation) 19. Use the story for help, (reading for detail/extracting cultural infor- Manchester United (part 1) David Beckham (part 1) scholarship (part 2) Hugh Grant (part 3) Sheffield (part 3) the north-south divide (part 3) the Grand Canyon (part 3) Notting Hill (part 3) Notting Hill (part 4) 1 • a very large valley divided by a river in the US state of Arizona j a sum of money given to a student to help to pay for a course of study an area of West London known for its street Notting Hill Carnival, organised by black people in August every year, known for the colourful cos-^ tumes worn and the steel band music nlavcd a British film actor known for being attrac-' tive and who usually appears as a typical English-; man the difference between southern England and, northern England and Scotland; people in the) South usually earn more money than people in the. North ‘ an English football player who played for Manchester! United and also for the English National team f one of the eight largest English cities, situated ii the north of England, famous for its University and the National Centre for Populsir Music a 1999 romantic comedy film set in the Notting Hill district in London a very popular English football team from Manchester В ^ b) Learning to translate. Translate the sentences with the highlighted Past Participle, (understanding grammar structures) r revision Past Participle as an attribute a valley divided by a river равнина, разделённая рекой (разделённая рекой равнина) GS р. 193 20 Unit 1 Lesson 4 I 3) Which statements are true? Which statements are false? Correct the false statements. Prove it from the text, (reading for detail) • James was going to put D. Beckham’s shirt in a time capsule. • Barbara was a student at the University of Westminster. • Nobody from Barbara’s village had ever been to England. • In England Barbara wanted to meet young people who looked like H. Grant. • When Barbara arrived in Netting Hill she had a shock. • Netting Hill population was from West India. • It was easy for Barbara to understand the spoken language of English people. • There were some topics the English were not expected to talk about. • Barbara wrote about her English culture discoveries. Ej В 4) What had Barbara done before she came to England? What did she do in England? Complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct verb forms: Past Simple or Past Perfect. Use the story for help, (reading for detail) Before Barbara came to England, While in England, slie Barbara (watch) many films about England, (learn) about the north-south divide, (will) the scholarship. (discover) that the population of Notting Hill was mostly black. (make) friends with local teenagers, (learn) many things about English people. S ^ 5) Did Barbara’s ideas about England change? What new things did she learn about England? Prove it from the text, (reading for detail) 6) Why is the story called Notting НШ7 (understanding unstated ideas) Imagine Barbara wrote a letter to her parents back home. What do you think she wrote about? Finish up her letter, (transcoding information in some other display) Dear ciil._________________________________________________________________________ Here I am in Notting Hill________________________________________________________ Reader ex. 4. Unit 1 Lesson 4 21 22 Lesson What are your impressions? BS S Q ": • London attracts a lot of tourists. Tourists are offered different kinds of sightseeing tours. | Listen to the information about a sightseeing tour. Fill in the table with missing words and numbers. Read the Learning to leam note first. Learning to learn Listening for specific information Чтобы успешно справляться с заданиями, для выполнения которых необходимо понять конкретную информацию, воспринимаемую на слух: •( внимательно прочитай инструкцию к заданию, чтобы понять, какой тип текста ты услышишь (объявление, репортаж и т. д.), сколько человек будет участвовать в разговоре; щ внимательно прочитай вопросы задания, это поможет сориентироваться в [ характере запрашиваемой информации и сосредоточиться на ней при про-____слушивании текста, не обращая внимания на второстепенную информацию; • постарайся выделить ключевые слова в вопросах задания, подбери к ним синонимы, так как в аудиотексте используются синонимические выражения, а не слова, данные в задании; это также поможет отделить основную информацию от второстепенной; _|_ • убедись, что ты чётко представляешь, как надо выполнять задание (соотнести, отметить галочкой (/), записать информацию); • записывай ответы в краткой форме (в виде слова, словосочетания, цифры), они не должны содержать лишние детали, которые не требуются в задании. щ а ТУ Pci ) t The type of tour The place the tour starts from th-r г UT The time the tour starts at Places to visit l)I(\ У; r. (1 л.т: 3 ; How long the tour lasts ЩЛА, V 0 A . « у f ' The tour finishes in The price of the ticket for children Unit 1 Lesson 5 г —. Vigdis, а 15-year-old girl from Norway, studied English for a month in London. 1) Which of these things might impress or surprise her in London? Why? What do you think? (anticipating) British people the streets of London the food the international population the underground the sights the languages of the people the weather the shops the family she stayed with Q В 2) Listen to Vigdis’ impressions of London. Tick (/) the things that surprised Vigdis. (listening for specific information) QQBS 3) Listen to and read Vigdis’ impressions. Find the words that have been changed. Underline them. How many words have you found? (listening for specific information) Before going to England, I’d heard a lot about it. Some things in London were as I had expected. English people are considered to be reserved. That’s true. I laughed when I went on the underground and saw people sitting and reading newspapers. I couldn’t understand why no one talked or smiled. But some things were not as I had expected. I had seen beautiful photos of tourist sights, like Piccadilly Circus* and Buckingham Palace,* but I hadn’t seen pictures of ugly parts of London. To my surprise, in London there are dirty streets. British people surprised me too. I hadn’t expected London to be so international, with so many people from different parts of the world. I couldn’t understand the Scottish and Irish people that I met. I couldn’t always understand the Londoners. The family I stayed with was another surprise; the children spent a lot of time indoors watching television or playing with the toys. They didn’t go out alone. Their mother took them to and from school. S .А» Song'. “The Streets of London”. Б 1) Write 5 words you expect to hear in the song, (anticipating) на Г4 2) Listen to the song. Does it tell you about the same things that you’ve written down? (listening for specific information) ^ jAk What do you expect to see in London? (applying background knowledge) &Ш Reader ex. 5. Unit 1 Lesson 5 23 s Lesson you proud of your country? Young people are expressing their opinions about the countries they live in. I BS ^ 1) Listen to Maggie, Charlotte and Boris talking about their countries. What countries are they from? How do they feel about their countries? (listening for spe- cific information) 2) Read through the teenagers’ opinions. What do they like about their соип' tries? What don’t they like about their countries? Maggie Williams: I love that we have so many “English things”,* that our country is recognised by, such asjthe bulldog, drinking tea,| London, Queens and Kings and red postboxes.) I love it when we cel-j ebrate thin^ ]ike the Queen’s Jubilee together. But V hate thej weather.’' of^n rains, never snows and it’s never really sunny] The best thing about Britain is its history! I think everyone should be glad to be a part of it. I also love how we can be one big coun-l try and four separate countries too! But I hate it {when the Scots are thought to just play bagpipes* and wear kilts.*j( They are some nicest people in the world! I also admire the fauiuus 1>еррш ('Maggie Williams'^) cKurchill,* Shakespeare,* Elizabeth I*_and, Jane Austen.* Гп1| V----------------very prouiTtdnbe British. The UK. is great! ! Boris Chislov: Russia is large and beautiful. We have a lot of beautiful cities and towns. Tourists from different countries come to ^к.€й ^dmire beautiful palaces, wonderful museums and ancient cathe^i ^ drals and churches^Our landscapes are very beautiful, too. We are; proud of ОШ" famous people and when the world speaks about ourl achievements. The history of oim country is very interesting. Our country is very big and it’s difficult to keep it in order that’s why we’ve got different problems such as dirty streets and violence. 1 believe that people from Russia are great patriots; they love their country very much, but they don’t show their love... I don’t know what I like about my country. Maybe it is the place where I live,| the language, the people and the food! I can’t think of anything I hate about my country! Russia is a great country and I’m proud that I’m from Russia. 24 Unit 1 Lesson 6 Li о It ^ ъ Chariotte Kerman: America is a good country witli_great opportunities^ and ... fine weather. The best thing about America is that there are so many different peoples and cultures. Besides, in the -songs. • я -Our-flag is in classrooms. We like wearing clothes with our^b*^ national symbols. But I do not think that America is all good. Its worst thing is that in the cities there is a lot of violence. Sometimes I don’t feel safe walking along a street alone in the evening. But no doubt,^ I love my country and I’m proud of it. iA Charlotte Kerman I 3) Find the answers to the questions below in the teenagers’ opinions. What things ii^England kiibwn Why does Maggie hate the weather in England? What countries does Maggie mean by “one big country and four separate countries”? 1СИЛ cUUi : % ./рцГ pOit'-lS Which description of the Scots doesn’t Maggie like? tiou^<^i € dsxsp Wliat famous people do the British admire? Why do tourists come to Russia? Why does Boris think there are problems in Russia? What does Charlotte like about America most?"\, Why does Charlotte consider Americans the most patriotic people in the world? 4) Which of the teenagers’ ideas do you agree or disagree with? Ura 5) Charlotte says, “America is a good country with great opportunities.” What does “a country with great opportunities” mean? What do you think? ' an opportunity (^Dp3'Cju:n3tiJ — возможность *no doubt [daut] - без сомнения Unit 1 Lesson 6 <Ч 6) Why do the teenagers think that their countries are great? • ... thinks that ... is a great/good country. - ... loves it when ... s ... believes that ... ; ... considers ... the best thing about ... country. - m - z • • * ^ 2. Some teenagers say that they are not very patriotic. What about Maggie, Charlotte and Boris? Are they patriotic? i ■ % I think ... is patriotic. ... likes (that) ... ... doesn’t like (that) ... But no doubt he/she is proud of Ч. i Щ 3. What do you like in your country? What are you proud of? What could make your country a better place? I like ... But I think that ... I also believe that ... No doubt I’m proud of ... < A* How do you feel about your country? I love (that) ... I don’t know what I like about my country. But I hate (the fact that) The worst thing about my country is (that) ... The best thing about my country is (that) ... I think that ... I can’t think of anything I hate about my country! I am proud of such “Russian things” as ...! On the whole ... No doubt ... I am proud that ...I 6§son 6 ^ 5. Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 6. i ' tj 27 28 t К [i Lesson IS your country like? Re in I J do OF 1. Liza Holtine and Philip O’Donoghue are in the international summer camp. They ar^ from different countries. ва ^ 1) Listen to how Liza questions Philip about his country. What countries are the teenagers from? (listening for specific information) I 2) Pair work. Match Liza’s questions and Philip’s answers. Liza: Cl Cl to О al — Can you tell me about you and your family, Philip? — I picture Ireland* like the place where everything is green and where it Ц warm. Could you tell me about its landscape, please? 1 — What is your opinion of Dublin*? | — California is a good place to live in. And what about Dublin? What are goodj things about living in Dublin for teenagers? 1 — The Irish life is thought to be quiet and slow. What do you think about it? V V al V V Dublin 'Ш Philip: — Ireland* is different from other countries in many ways. We don’t have skyscrapers or very large cities. But we have a beautiful green landscape that’s why the country is called the Emerald Isle.* — There are four people in my family. I have a brother, who is eleven. — Our capital is a small city but it has the largest population in Ireland. About one and a half million people live in our city. The people are open and friendly. Unit 1 Lesson 7 - Well ... on the one hand we have a quiet life in some parts of the country. But on the other hand life is busy and fast in large cities, for example in Dublin. A million cars drive through the city areas every day. - I think Dublin is a good place to live in. I like everything here. The city is in a good geographical position. There are a lot of places to go to with friends. I like going to a local club to listen to my favourite rock band. S 3) How does Liza ask for information about the country and its capital? How does she ask for Philip’s opinion of the country and his hometown? El В 4) What are some other ways of asking for information and asking for one’s opinion? ASKING FOR INFORMATION; Can you tell me about your family? Could you tell me about your hometown, please? Could you give me some information about -.? ASKING FOR ONE’S OPINION What do you think about/of it? What is your view (opinion) about/of it? What do you feel about it? What is your point of view? What about your country? Расскажи мне о своей семье. Не могли бы вы рассказать о своём родном городе? Не могли бы вы рассказать о ...? Что вы думаете об этом? Каково ваше представление (мнение) об этом? Что вы думаете об этом? Какова ваша точка зрения? ... (А) что вы можете сказать о вашей стране? В 5) Replace the expressions in Liza’s questions with those that fit from ex. 1.4). Now Philip is asking Liza. She lives in Long Beach, which is not very far from Los Angeles. Here are Liza’s answers. В EL 1) What are Philip’s questions? What do you think? ^os Angeles I Lesson 7 30 Са, л д ои ■и///У)е -fami and (^cci — My family is small. Besides mum and dad, there’s only my sister, Kim, whoi is 19 and me. I’m 15. — Los Angeles is a large city. Its population is about 14 million people. You canj meet people from different countries in the city, but I think that it is very Spanish in character. You can hear the Spanish language everywhere and there are many Spanish street names. i — Long Beach is really a good place to live in. It’s got a nice beach. There are lots of places to go to — amusement parks, theatres and shopping centres, and the weather is really good. ^ — Los Angeles is much bigger than Long Beach. There are a lot of buildings andj a lot of people. The greatest contrast between the city and Long Beach is that, the people in Los Angeles are not as friendly as in Long Beach. j — Life is faster in California, especialIy^ in Los Angeles. Besides there are morej people in California than in other states. 1 DB 2) What else would you like to ask Liza and Philip about? 3. How will you answer Liza’s and Philip’s questions about your country? 4-. Group work. Imagine that American students from Washington are coming to visit your school. You are going to interview your foreign friends. EL What questions will you ask them? Consider the following topics. • The USA (its geography, population, people, languages, symbols, sights, etc.) • Washington (its geographical location, population, people, sights, etc.) • School life (subjects, school and out of school activities, etc.) * 1^* Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 7. * especially (i.s'pcjnli) — особенно Unit 1 Lesson 7 Lessons What is your hometown like? 1- British teenagers like writing about their hometowns. Here is Beth’s composition’ about her hometown Manchester. 1) What things and aspects of life in Manchester does Beth describe? MY HOMETOWN Д/|У Hometown Is Mambester. /vicmchester is situated in the north-west of . Ilf I England in the county of Greater Manchester. It is the second largest city with 0 population of more than 400,000 people. ■niough^ Manchester is not as large as London, it has got many good aspects of a modern city. We've got a lot of theatres, art galleries, concert halls and museums, for example the City Art Gallery and the Museum of Science and Industry and others. We are proud of our airport which is the third busiest airport In the UK. with it it Is very easy to travel to and from Manchester and through the countryside. And our tram system Metrolink, which runs through city streets, is clean, quick and quiet. There are a lot of things to do. visitors can, for example, visit famous places, walk . in the parks, enjoy shopping or listen to our traditional music and watch folkj dances. *i)ur G-Mex Centre is a popular place. However, it was built from an old railway station. Different exhibitions, concerts and sporting events are organised there. In our Chinatown* there are many cafes and small shops. There is also a large mall* and some big shops and markets with traditional food and nice goods. Sports, especially football and rugby, are very popular in our city. Manchester has got some sports clubs. People like playing or watching sports here. Manchester United, the world's most famous football club, has a lot of fans here. In my city there are a lot of monuments to famous people, for example, Alan Turing,* Abraham Lincoln* and Queen Victoria.* We are very proud that great ^ scientists and Nobel Prize* winners such as joule,* Rutherford,* Geim* and Novoselov* worked in Manchester. I like my hometown. It is a great city. It Is always clean. The people are friendly and welcoming. ‘ a composition — сочинение *thouRh [Amj] - хотя; несмотря на то, что Unit 1 Lessons 8-9 31 S EL 2) Read the plan and notes that Beth made before writing the composition. Complete the plan with missing information from Beth’s composition. Introduction* General description of the hometown; L»’_____tfu. ni.‘rthwL:st af Enyliind^ th€- 'Z iLCjnJ iiiryust dty. ?jhj. 7 - JjV] ^ _ Body^ У ' , ^ Things to see: the City Art Gallery, SC^’-/ '__________ 3 Things to do: to CIO to Chinatown. Famous people: Rutheiford, / Conclusion^ ~ Impressions or feelings about the hometown: Б. Rutherford fc-i 3) There are some linking expressions that can be used while writing a composition. Which expressions did Beth use to give examples and to show contrast? Learning to learn Giving exapfiples. Showing contrast Чтобы привести пример для иллюстрации того, что было сказано, испрльзуются следующие слова и выражения: such as, for example, like, especially, particularly [po'tikjuloli] (особенно). Для сопоставления и противопоставления фактов, информации используются следующие слова: but, however, (al)though. ’ an introduction — вступление ' a body I'bixlij - 1) тело 2) главная часть a conclusion — заключение 32 Unit 1 Lessons 8-9 2. In your culture. Here are some facts about Moscow. S 1) Which of these facts might be interesting to your foreign friend? Founded in 1147/the capital city in the 15th century Situated in the centre of European Russia/on the River Moskva/4 hours by plane from London Population — about 10 million people/1.5 million temporary visitors Hot weather in summer (+20... 130 °C) and cold weather in winter (-15... -20 °C)/the temperature can go up to zero in winter Most Muscovites live in the city/many would like to live in country houses More than 80 museums (the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts,* the Tretyakov Gallery*)/14 million people visit museums every year About 200 theatres/the Bolshoi* (opera and ballet) Theatre in Teatralnaya Square About 100 parks and gardens/Alexander Gardens* Entertainment for children (the Nataliya Sats Children’s Musical Theatre,* the Moscow Zoo, Gorky Park*) 2) Write a composition about the capital of Russia (150-180 words). Use the plan on p. 32, the information in the Fact File and linking words. Think about what you can write in the introduction and conclusion of your composition. You can also use WWW.waytorussia. net/Moscow/Moscow. html. Imagine you are writing about your hometown for the Internet page. S 1) Write a plan. Make notes. El 2) Write your composition (150-180 words). Underline in the composition the words for the Internet page which someone could click on to get more information about the topic. ГТ С» Activity Book ex. 1. NEXT LESSON IS A CONSOLIDATION LESSON (AB p. 11) Unit 1 Lessons 8-9 33 Lessons Project lessons в El A. Choose a project you’d like to do. country at a g»aoce ^ i П: ■»••• hi i - Write a plan of your project. • Describe your country; give interesting and useful information ^ for each part. г I - Illustrate your information with colourful maps, photos and pictures. ? Design your project in the form of a leaflet, a poster or a col-lage. — ^etcome to Russia! Write a plan of your project. Describe yoxir country; give interesting, unusual or surprising information about your country for foreigners. Write some tips for foreigners to better understand Russia. Illustrate your information with colourfid photos and pictures. Design your project in the form of a leaflet, a poster or a col-lagc. ,^V\at are people Russia like? Write how people from Russia see themselves. Write how foreigners see the Russians. Give examples to break or to support widely used descriptions. Illustrate your information with colourful pictures or photos. Design your project in the form of a leaflet, a poster or a cob lage. • • » • * 34 Unit 1 Lessons 10-11 TS 2. Present your projects and answer your classmates’ questions to explain your ideas and choice. Q 3* Discuss your projects and decide which is the best. Here are some phrases you can use to present your project: The title of my project is ... (Название моего проекта ...) I’ve chosen this project because ... (Ш are three in the team. .„ found some information about ... in tlie library. ... used his/her home library and found some information about ... ... worked on the Internet and chose some information about ... and some pictures (photos) of ... ... was designed by ... I want to start with ... I’d like to tell you about ... I want to draw your attention to ... (Я хочу привлечь ваше внимание к ...) Tlie problem of ... is ... As you know ... When speaking about ... In connection with what has been said, I’d like to было сказано, я бы хотел(а) ...) Some more facts/idcas about ... What I mean is ... I’d like to give you .some more details about ... (B связи c тем, что Unit 1 Lessons 10-11 35 J I L 36 To finish up ... (B заключение ...) In the end ... To sum up ... (Подводя итог, ...) To sum everything up ... In conclusion, I’d like to say ... So, in short ... So, ... All in all ... (B целом (в общем) ...) Here are some phrases you can use while discussing your proj ects: May I interrupt you for a moment? (Можно прервать вас на минутку?) Сап I ask а question? Сап you explain why ...? Why is it that ...? What do you mean by ...? Here are some phrases you can use to give your opinion abou your classmates’ projects and give reasons: This is a good/an excellent/a brilliant/... project! In my view/opinion, ... (Personally,) I feel ... (Лично я считаю ...) It seems to me ... Well, I must say ... I’d like to say ... My point of view is that ... Unit 1 Lessons 10-11 esson 38 L IS X. Vocabulary. Britain is special; it has its own customs and traditions. 1) What is the attitude' of British people to the traditions and customs? Use the] words from the box to learn the meaning of the highlighted words. Most British people are proud of their traditions and customs and they careful-i ly f0^1 low them. The British preserve the traditions that were introduced centuries ago and the] traditions that are rather new. Moat people widely celebrate the main religious festivals of Christmas and Eastt*r.*| But not all of England’s festivals are connected with religion, many are connect-! ed with British history. There are holidays that help family members to get] together and just enjoy the day. Many people enjoy royal occasions. Some people just like the atmosphere of suchj celebrations, others think that they unite the people. Coronation Day,* for example. It marks the anniversary of the date when Elizabeth II* became queen. Some royal occasions include a parade of the guards and fireworks. Anyone can go to Speaker’s Corner* in Hyde Park* and make a speech. But there are people in Britain who live through occasions without knowing that they have happened or they just ignore them. hoS P to preserve [pri'z3:vl — сохранять to introduce (,mira'djuis] — 1) вводить (c употребление) 2) представлять, знакомить widely I'waidli] — широко main [mem] - главный to connect Iko'nektJ — соединять, связывать a member f'membo) — член an occasion [о'кетзп] — событие to unite [jui'nait] — объединять to mark fma:k| — отмечать an anniversary [,aeni'v3:s3ri] — годовщина a guard [yu;dj — караул, pi гвардия Words to guess religious [ri'lidjas] — ? atmosphere ['aJtmasfial to ignore [ig'na:] — ? — 9 2) Answer the questions. • What traditions do British people preserve? • How do British people feel about their traditions and customs? • Which celebrations are most popular? • What are British traditions and celebrations connected with? * an attitude ('retitjuidj — еггношепие Unit 2 Lesson 1 • What does Coronation Day mark? • What do some royal traditions include? • What is Speaker’s Corner famous for? • Do all people mark popular occasions? i 2. There are traditions that are connected with different occasions. 1) Do you know the following traditions? Fill in the gaps using the words from the box in the correct form. anmvers^y • celebrate • cq; in • ma lebrate • connect • follow • Gu rk • meniber • occasion • presc Guard • include • introduce l prescjVe • s^e^h • j Christmas is the OCcaS{(^f) Гп modern Britain on which a lot of traditions pV2S^ r/M \ by a lot of peopl^. F^i^^n^^^people it is the holiday of the year. In Britain it on 25 December. Totlay it 'i_ kft'p hlfpi] the py 1* Karen Hewitt wrote the book Understanding Britain where she gives some useful hints for Russians. ^ 1) What do you think her hints are about? (anticipating/applying background' knowledge) a) how to behave when you are a guest^ at a British home b) liow to give gifts c) how to start a conversation d) what you can treat^ British guests to e) how to behave at table f) how to answer personal questions g) how to behave if you don’t know what to do next h) how to enjoy yourself in Britain В 2) What did the author write about in fact? Match Karen Hewitt’s hints with the paragraphs, (matching/reading for the main idea) A. All countries have unwritten but important rules of behaviour, which can only be explained by the people w'ho live in that country. But they can act differently in one and the same situation: “When Englishmen are introduced to each other, they shake hands and say ‘How do you do?’.” Do they? Sometimes they do. But life is not that ceremonious. So I can give you only general advice. No rules. We remember that foreigners don’t know our ways, and as long as you are friendly and polite from the heart we don’t mind that you behave a bit strangely. The information about behaviour rules is usually true for many, but not for all. It is rarely possible to describe a nation with words such as “All British people do this or that.” Better to .say: “Some British people ...” And we are sometimes not sure how to act and can’t tell you how to act in this or that situation. You may find out that, in answer to questions, we often answer, “Well, it depends.^” B. If you arc a guest at a British home, my advice is: “Ask, if you don’t know what to do next.” People enjoy explaining. And if you are asked questions, try to explain in answer. People enjoy trying to understand. But don’t feel that an easy question needs a ten-minute answer. Stop before you have finished your story, so that your friends can ask further questions. First, you may find that * a guest [gcst| - гость to treat to - yi-ощать ® to depend on (di'pcnd] - зависеть; it depends как сказать Unit 2 Lesson 4 they haven’t understood you, and you need to start again. Secondly, English culture does not normally include monologues. C. Traditionally, Russians are very hospitable, but if you have a British friend at your home, please don’t put a mountain of potatoes or whatever onto your guest’s plate.' Most people in Britain try to finish vdiat they are given. Leaving food is considered wasteful in Britain. I must eat all that! Food is precious. We usually put on the plate as much as we want to eat. D. Our customs of present-giving are very different from^ yours. We give presents to members of our family and close friends on their birthdays or at Christmas. If we are staying with someone we will give a present a box of chocolates, some flowers, a small souvenir. We may bring a small present to a host^ who invites us for the evening, but we do not normally give presents to people just because we have enjoyed their company. We don’t give presents to gpests. At the end of a course or a tour we may give a group present to a teacher or a guide as a way of saying thank you. Russian present-giving is more generous and the English don’t know what to do. A small present will be okay. And one present is better than two or three. Of course, the British will be pleased to get a thank-you letter or card from your home than to carry a heavy present. Б. The English from age eighteen or nineteen are independent persons. If you are staying in someone’s home, you will be expected to entertain yourself some of the time. It will be wonderful to help your hosts with their housework — but not all the time. They will like to hear that you explored the town, made friends, practised buying an apple or two, jumped on a bus ... Your British friends want to.be friendly but they have work to do. And you are not a child or a Very Important Person; you are another grown-up® in a grown-up world. If you ask questions, explore, try to find out and do not expect the English to solve your problems, you will have a very enjoyable time. S 3) Which tips does Karen Hewitt give to Russians? Prove from the text, (reading for detail) a) Don’t think that all British persons do the .same in one and the same situation. b) Don’t worry if you don’t know some behaviour rules. c) Be yourself and just be friendly and polite. d) Don’t think that there is one answer to all behaviour questions. e) Be sure that your British hosts will be happy to answer your questions. f) Don’t make long stories of your answers. g) Remember that people want to understand you, so answer in detail. h) Ask questions if you don’t know what to do. i) Put as much food on your British guest’s plate as you can. Be generous! j) You should know that the English don’t traditionally give gifts to their guests. k) Don’t forget to thank your guide with a gift. ’a plate Ipicit] — тарелка *a host [hsuslj - хозяин ’a grown-up |'дгэоплр| — an adult Unit 2 Lesson 4 49 i» l) Don’t forget that in most situations a small and heavy present is better than two. m) In some situations the British will like getting a thank-you letter than a present. n) You should try to be an independent person when you are a guest in a British family. . WORD BUILDING depend v — зависеть dependent a - ? independent a — ? GS p. 201, 203 4) Which of Karen Hewitt’s advice will you follow? If I have a British guest, I will never ... If I am in Britain, I will (try) ... I think that the most important advice is Reader ex. 3. L 50 Unit 2 Lesson 4 Lesson How long is the British year? 1. The British Year Calendar has many special days. Here are some holidays and festivals from the list. шт 1) These are some words from the texts you are going to listen to. Which of the holidays below these words are associated with? the Trooping the Colour |,tni:pT0 бэ 'кл1э] — марш кавалерийского полка со знаменем а carnival ['kanivl] — ? Caribbean [,kien'bi:3n] countries — ? Brazil [bra'zil] — ? Whit Monday [,wil 'nundi] — понедельник после Троицы banks and offices — ? January April or May ii easjfjr* Unit 2 Lesson 5 51 \ ва 2) Listen to the information about the 3 celebrations. For questions 1 -9, circle the correct statement (a or b). Read the Learning to learn note first, (listening for detail) Learning Ло learn Listening for detail Чтобы успешно справляться с заданиями, для выполнения которых необходимо понять воспринимаемую на слух информацию в полном объёме; перед первым прослушиванием прочитайте все контрольные вопросы, из которых вы должны выбрать правильный вариант. Эти контрольные вопросы расположены • в том порядке, в котором они идут в тексте для • прослушивания; — -г во время первого прослушивания выберите тот вариант, который наиболее точно соотносится с воспринимаемой информацией. Не следует полагаться на собственные знания о предмете; • если вы не уверены в ответе, не теряйте времени — переходите к следующему контрольному вопросу, во время второго прослушивания вернитесь к трудному вопросу ещё раз; • во время второго прослушивания проверьте свои ответы. V/ 52 0) ^ There are festivals in Britain that b) Most festivals in Britain ... are very old. 1) The Queen’s official birthday is ... i ^ a) on 21 April. ^b) on the second Saturday in June. 2) Celebrating the royal official birthday was started ... a) in the nineteenth century. b) in the eighteenth century. 3) The Queen’s official birthday is known ... a) for a big parade of the royal guard. b) for the changing of the royal guard. 4) The Netting Hill Carnival is held ... ^a) in London. b) in west England. 5) a) People from the Caribbean countries b) People from different coimtries ... have a fantastic parade in England every year. 6) People take part in the Netting Hill Carnival ... a) for 2 days. b^ for day and night. 7) The Netting Hill Carnival is the biggest one ... a) in the world. b) in Europe. 8) a) There is one bank holiday b) There are several bank holidays ... in Britain. ^y9) a) Now people are talking about b) Now people have ... a new bank holiday in October. Unit 2 Lesson 5 / Шт Here are some popular British occasions and words and word combinations that are used to describe these occasions. Si) Look at the words and word corribinations in the left column and say what occasions they t^long to. a) a bonfire •****•••, , b) an unusual race • ',0 L* c) send postcards* J d) ghosts and witches OM^ * e) fireworks (JJ кЮ “p *, f) fancy dresses W^(\0/t g) a romantic festival . h) charity Xf - ^ ^ i) beautiful gardens j^Pavul^c j) play tricks VJU^u‘ E. the New Year A. Halloween B. Pancake Day C. the Chelsea Flower Show D. Guy Fawkes’ Night Bu 2) Listen to the short texts about the occasions and match the words and word combinations with the occasions, (listening for specific information) Occasions D 1 ». i 1 ‘ 1 1 ’h: Words a b c d e f g h i j Ц S 3) OrOlip work. Read the information about the occasions in the LCG. What have you learnt about the occasions? Tell your classmates about one occasion. ■S' 3. Activity Book ex. 1. * a postcard ['pou^tkcrd] - открытка Unit 2 Lesson 5 53 Lesson Are celebrations important? Nelly Carter, 16 Some people think that holidays and celebrations are important; others think they ar^ not important at all. B8 1) Listen to the three speakers talking about celebrating holidays. What holidays and celebrations are they talking about? (listening for the main idea) ВЯ s 2) Who supports the idea of celebrating holidays? I think traditional celebrations are very important for us.; Some holidays make fa^Uie^^e^ to^tljpr around the tabli and ask each other “Hownavc jrau oeen^”. There are holidavf and celebrayons ^e can’t do without. There are tradition4 that are conriecl^ with some celebrations in my family. Fw example, in my fa^i^it^is a tradition to celebrate birthdays In Britain many grown-ups' celebrate their birthdays Ьш we do. It’s great to buy a^^ft for mum or dad, isn’t it? Mj sister and I always think a lot about what to choose and thes we go to big shops and buy something. I like choosing a gift We can’t buy expensive gifts; but we always buy somethinf funny or make gifts with our own hands. I like the atmosphere of a birthdaj: party: for one day each of us becomes the very important person ami the gifts make us think of the day again and again. I don’t understand the use of celebrating a holiday onh because it is a tradition. For me any holiday is just a da; when I don’t go to school. I think it is not important whal Guy Fawkes* did in 1605y^It да^^а long time ago! And I an not interested in what evil ghosts.do on Halloween.* Mon than that, I don’t believe in ghosts. I think that many pub lie occasions are for tourists. For example, the State Openinj of Parliament.* Many tourists come down to London to SQ these ceremonies and I am sure that London shops benefit greatly from them, don’t they? A lot of money is spent ot useless occasions instead of giving it to charities. I won’t spend time on celebrations. I like playing sports and for n» taking part in sports is the best tradition. 54 ' to benefit I'bcnifil] from — извлекать пользу из Unit 2 Lesson 6 II 1 think that national holidays are the days that unite peo- ple, for example Independence Day* in my ^ou^tw. really the day that unites the nation. It incluSe^We^thin^f family dinners and public parades, shows and games, sports and illuminations. The famous fireworks are so beautiful that they make people say “ooohhh” and “aaahhh”. It is really a joyful day. I like holidays that have a long history like Flag Day* or Thanksgiving Day.* They cormect us with the past that we shouldn’t forget. > ^ iaad./ We make gifts with our own hands. Мы делаем подарки собственными руками. The gifts make us think of the day again and again Подарки заставляют нас думать об этом дне снова и снова. 3) Which of these phrases might the young people say about holidays and celebrations? Choose and prove it from the texts. Nelly: Tom: a) I can’t do without celebrations. b) I like family celebrations. c) It’s a tradition to celebrate birthdays in Britain. d) My sister and I like choosing gifts. e) Gifts are very important for me. a) I don’t think it’s important to follow traditions. b) I think that only tourists are interested in public occasions. c) I think it’s better to help charities than to spend money on parades and fireworks. d) Playing sports is more exciting than celebrating holidays. Jessica: a) All Americans celebrate Independence Day every year. b) Americans enjoy colourful parades and fireworks on Independence Day. c) Flag Day is my favourite celebration. Щ Whose opinion do you share? I believe ... is right ... I’m with ... there. I am of the opinion that I am afraid ... is not right. I can’t agree with ... . I think ... I don’t think that ... . I am sure Unit 2 Lesson 6 55 ^ In your culture. There are national and local celebrations and festival^ in Russia. W 1) Which of the celebrations or festivals are important for you? russiatrek.org/about-russian-holidays , 2) Do you think that holidays and celebrations are an important part of our lives' Why? i I think it’s great to ... Holidays ... Many people ... I don’t think that ... It’s no good to ... I’m afraid people don’t Reader ex. 4. 56 Unit 2 Lesson 6 Lesson Would you like to write a postcard? At Writing postcards in Britain is a little bit different from writing them in Russia. British people traditionally send a few lines to their friends and relatives. 1) On what occasions have these postcards been written? ** Congratulatiom * cm the good tvsidls * . w the lest gkst wished on^Motficr’s‘^У wishes io'' ^po4f^ ‘Онем <Л>^»феним! )KfMUMytUmu и счастья’ ‘t>py3m. 2) On what occasions do the British use the words wish and congratulate? Iri CULTURE N0ST® W A 1 The word wish (^) n желание, пожелание 2) v желать) can be used for any occasion: Very best wishes................ _,.^your future. for/on*^^Iv.----*-your birthday. My/Our (very) best wishes'"'" '"^Mother’s Day. 2. The words to congratulate [kon'gractjuleit] (поздравлять) or congratulations (k3n,grsetfo'lci/nzl (поздравления) are not used for holidays and celebrations, they are used for different achievements or “big” birthdays (18, 21) and anniversaries: Congratulations on winning the competition in swimming. ^ 3) In your culture. On what occasions do the Russians congratulate each other and give wishes? Unit 2 Lesson 7 57 58 S 1) What do the British wish on different occasions? Arrange the words into wishing and congratulating sentences. — you are sick. / Sorry // soon. / you will be well / Hoping — and always. / on St Valentine’s Day With love — on your birthday. / Best wishes // Hope / brings you / your birthday / that make you happy. / all the things — your new flat! / Congratulation^ on // it is! / What exciting news — best wishes / your future. / With / for — you / every success!* / Wishing — every happiness / in your new home! / Wishing you — wishes! / warmest / Christmas / With — for a Very Merry Christmas / Thinking of you / and a Happy New Year! with warm wishes — birthday! / Happy // happy returns ' of / Many / the day. — Mother’s Day! / Happy // and you are / one of the best! / wonderful / Mothers are) — all the best / Wishing / on your birthday! / you 2) Which wishes go with the postcards? Б 3. There are some coming occasions in your foreign friend’s family. Write postcards. The occasions are: a) your friend’s birthday, 16 years; b) your friend’s parents have bought a new flat; c) your friend’s sister has finished school. 4. Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 5. ‘ a success |sok'ses| - успех, удача many happy returns |n't3:nz| - желаю вам многих лет жизни (при пп.гдраялеиии с днёя\ рождения) Unit 2 Lesson 7 Lesson Giving and receiving gifts 1. Choosing a gift always makes us think a lot. What will go for this or that occasion? SBS 1) What does Helen choose as a gift for her cousin Ann? (listening for specific information) Ш 2) Read the conversations and find out: • how Tracey asks Helen if she is sure about something; • what Helen says when she is sure about something; • how Ann thanks her cousin; • how Ann expresses her admiration' when she is receiving^ the gift. Helen: Do you think these photo albums are all right? Tracey: They are beautiful! But are you sure Ann needs 2 albums? Helen: I’m a hundred per cent sure she needs even more albums. She likes taking photos and her photos are everywhere in her room. Helen: Happy birthday, Ann! Here’s my small present for you. Ann: Oh, thank you very much! Well, you knew what I wanted! Thanks a million! Helen: I am happy you like it. 5 3) What are some other ways to ask if someone is sure about something, to say someone is sure about something, to thank or to express admiration? ASKING IF SOMEONE IS SURE ABOUT SOMETHING Really? Are you certain® about your choice? Are you quite sure about the choice? Разве? Вы уверены в своём выборе? Вы вполне уверены в выборе? SAYING YOU ARE SURE ABOUT SOMETHING I’m absolutely sure about the choice. I know Helen likes music. Yes, really! Я абсолютно увереп(а) в выборе. Я знаю, что Хелеп любит музыку. Да, действительно! to express |ik'sprcs] one’s admiration - выражать своё восхищение *to receive [п'ыл') - получать ^certain ('S3:tn] — уверенный Unit 2 Lesson 8 59 L \ • THANKING,.- Thanks a lot for the flowers. Many thanks for the flowers. Thank you very much indeed for the flowers. Больиюе спасибо за цветы. Большое спасибо .за цветы. Огромное спасибо за цветы. .EXPRESSING ADMIRATION ABOUT А PRESENT It’s always been my" dream to vhave Я всегда мечтал(а) иметь этот альбом,-this album. That’s just what I wanted. Это как раз то, что я хотел(а). How nice of you to give it to me! Как мило с вашей стороны подарип мне это. В 4) Replace the highlighted expressions in the conversations with those that fit Act out the conversations. S 2^. 1) What are the rules of gift-giving and gift-receiving in Britain? Gifts are not supposed to be expensive. In Britain foreigners are usually expected to give typical objects from their countries as gifts. British people, as a rule (как правило), give chocolate or small presents to their relatives and friends. The British will open the box in your presence (в вашем присутствии) and express their admiration. 2) What are the rules of gift-giving and gift-receiving in your country? ^ 3. Role play. You are talking to your British friend who is choosing a Russia»; souvenir at the shop. Pupil Card 1 You are helping your British friend to choose Russian souvenirs for his/her parents'. You begin the conversation. Remember to: • advise your British friend what Russian souvenir to choose (stickers, calendars, Russian dolls); • ask your British friend if he/she is sure about the souvenir he/she has chosen. Pupil Card 2 You are choosing Russian souvenirs for your parents. Listen to your Russian friend. Remember to say you are sure about the souvenirs you have chosen. Г ^ 4i« Role р1яу. You are talking to your British friend at his/her birthday party. Pupil Card 1 You are a Russian guest. You begin the conversation. Remember to give a gift and say your wishes. Pupil Card 2 You are a British host. Remember to thank your Russian friend for the gift and express your admiration. o. Reader ex. 6. NEXT LESSON IS A CONSOLIDATION LESSON. 60 Unit 2 Lesson 8 Lessons 10 Project lessons BS 1. Choose a project you’d like to do. [•J[t - ^ *ol • Write about the festivals you want to tell your foreign friends 1 about. ; - Describe the activities connected with the festivals. • Illustrate your project with music and songs. • Design a poster to illustrate your stories about the festivals. ^ Use the information from: www.1st-internatjonai.com/ holidays.html. behave « vou are a guest ""То ‘"Щ • Write the tips for a foreigner how to behave in Russia. • Design a poster. Use Russian proverbs and sayings to illustrate the poster. ^ Use the information from: www.ehow.com/how_2246473_behave-russia.html, www.ghnt.ru/dodont.php. Г5 2. Present your project to your classmates. Use the phrases on pp. 35-36. З» Answer your classmates’ questions to explain your ideas and choice. Гч 4. Discuss your projects and decide which is the best. Use the phrases on pp. 35-36. Unit 2 61 Lessons 9-10 1 Lessons Test yourself O. o. 6. LISTENING COMPREHENSION (AB-I) READING COMPREHENSION (AB-II) USE OF ENGLISH (GRAMMAR/VOCABULARY) (AB-III) SPEAKING 1. Role play. You are accepting a British guest at your home. He/She has brought a souvenir as a gift. -|Pupil Card^ You are a British guest at a Russian home. Your host is having his/her birthday. You have a souvenir for your host. You begin the conversation. Remember to: • express your wishes on the occasion of his/her birthday; • give your souvenir. Pupil Card ^ You are a Russian host. Your British guest gives you a gift on the occasion of your birthday. Remember to: • express your admiration about the souvenir; • express your thanks. 62 Your foreign friends want to know more about Russia/your hometown and your family 1) What will you tell your foreign friends about your country/hometown? Tell them what is special about it. Remember to say: • where your hometown is situated (how far it is from Moscow); • what your hometown is famous for; • what places you want to show to your friend and why. Unit 2 Lessons 11-12 You have to talk for 2 minutes. The teacher will listen to you until you have finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions. 2) What will you tell your foreign friends about the traditions that your family follow? Remember to say: • about traditional celebrations or special occasions your family preserve/follow; • about things or activities associated with them; • what you like about them. You have to talk for 2 minutes. The teacher will listen to you until you have finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.'" o. o. WRITING (AB-IV) CULTURAL AWARENESS (AB-V) NEW WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS FROM UNITS 1 AND 2 Unit 1 Lesson 1 to dijvi^e ^ 6 cast ''Ocro>f ethnic to make up cw/пл ^^^6 north '<^ep an ocean* a population to separate ьr^£/.Z76 situated . south /Y*'" a state 'UZ'—So such ... as to wash west i 7 лЯ/ Lesson 3 to believe to consider emotional generous hospitable to report V reserved ££/ r serious '^to suppose 4 an introduction*^ particularly ^ ^ Lesson 2 CXjC ' ■гц Л (a) guard(s) to ignore - to introduce ^ main f/л to mark XX^t/^u.Sx.r6 a member поИН^^б an occasion (cSbiXMe to preserve P(KfliP(-^h^ to unite 6 widely Ulupcf^^ Unit 2 Lessons 11-12 63 Lesson 2 f 64 an appetite behaviour a cheek to enter even exact to give up to greet in favour of to jump the queue a length loudly to make way for a manner public queue {n, o) a service many happy returns to shake hands a success to stare at wish {n, v) uneven a way Lesson 8 certain Lesson 4 to express* to 'depend* a grown-up* to receive* a guest* Reader a host* to get married* independent* a reputation* a marriage* Lesson 5 a route* a postcard* to land* a tear* Lesson 7 to congratulate disappointment* Answer the questions. 1) Which words are international? 2) Which words do we use to describe Britain/your country/your hometown? 3) Which words do we use to describe your favourite celebrations? 4) Which words do we use to describe people? 5) How many new words and word combinations from Units 1 and 2 do you know! Бк SELF-ASSESSMENT (AB-VI) Unit 2 Lessons 11-12 Do youjike travelling ^ ' ML Lesson \ More and more people now choose travelling for their holidays i the past years British, travel habits changed a lot 1) How did British'travel habits change? Use the Word Box to learn the meaning of the highlighted wqrds. ^ 'nd. many people — много людей more people — больше людей most people большинство людей mostly — главным образом Most British people spend part of their holidays away from home and many of them ^o abroad. More people can afford foreifCn holidays nowadays. As a result, the number of travel agencie.s in Bntain is growing. The travel habits changed in the 1960s when travel , agents offered package* holidays. A “package” usually includes transport ticketsj accommodation, meals and sometimes excursions or guided coach tours. Some рст pie however do not like organised travelling and prefer to go on their own. Today there are many types of package holidays and lots of different destina tions. More British people are taking holidays abroad now than in the 1990s. 1 traditional holiday abroad is spent at a seaside resort and many British peopK prefer to go on holidays to warmer countries. Packages to Greece, Spain a, Turkey are the favourite destinations for most British tourists abroad. Trips и the USA and Australia also attract a lot of tourists. It is in fashion nowadays to take two holidays in the year. The first holiday is relaxing holiday, and the second is an adventure holiday, such as climbing or wiiij ter sports somewhere in Austria or Switzerland. If you ask British holidaymakei' why they go abroad, they will often say about the unreliable British weather, var iou.s tourists attractions and wonderful resorts as the main reasons. abroad [3'bro:d| — за границей to afford [a'ford] — позволить себе nowadays - в паше время а habit ('h?cbit| — привьтка; обыкновение а package I'paekictj] (holiday) - комплексная туристическая поездка accommodation [3,knm3'deifnl — жильё (hotel -) а coach |koutJ| — автобус (экскурса опный) to prefer 1рпТз:1 — предпочитать on one’s own — самоогаятельно а destination |,desti'nei/n] — место назначения а seaside ('siisaidl — морское побережье 66 к Unit 3 Lesson 1 а resort |ri'z.TtJ — курорт to attract [a'traektj — привлекать a holidaymaker — отпускник; отдыхающий various ['усэпэь] — разнообразный a reason |'ri:znj — причина Words to guess an agency ('ск%зпм| — агентство an agent ('cichanlj — ? 2) Answer the following questions about British travel habits. • How do British people usually spend their holidays? • When did the travel habits change? • What makes package holidays popular? • Why do some people prefer to travel on their own? • What is a traditional holiday abroad for British tourists? • What places are the most enjoyable destinations for British people? • What types of holidays are in fashion nowadays? • What reasons for travelling abroad do British people give? ^ 2. Travelling abroad is in fashion nowadays. Why do more people choose holidays abroad? Give reasons. I think On the one hand ... On the other hand Besides, can afford travelling abroad • be more interested in travelling abroad prefer seaside resorts abroad j learn about other people’s culture and traditions • visit tourist attractions offer more choices of package holidays abroad provide tours to various destinations abroad N_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. A lot of British teenagers think that our life will be boring without travelling. Here are some holiday facts about British teenagers. 1) What information docs the survey provide about British teenagers’ travel habits? Use the words from the Word Box to complete the results of the survey. • 92% of both boys and girls want to go • 3% of teenagers say that their parents can’t ( _) for their holidays. travelling abroad. • 86% of both boys and girls choose Disneyland* in America as their favourite travel Unit 3 67 Lesson 1 Мл • 17% of teenagers think that visiting travel (3 • 74% of teenagers Uiink that ______________ like to travel their own. 3 is fun. ^ holidays are boring and woult wit! f.. I • 46% of girls and 29% of boys prefer to stay at the seaside nice beaches. _________ • 35% of girls and 21% of boys choose hotel as holiday 7 ~ • 27% of teenagers like to visit _______________) tourist attractions. • 10% of teenagers to go on excursions with organised groups 3. 49% of teenagers hate guided tours. sa 2) Listen to the information about the results of the survey and check if you were right, (listening for the main idea) ГзУ 3) What can you say about British teenagers’ travel habits? I It is (not) surprising that ... It is interesting that ... I ............................................................ i 4) Organise a similar survey in your class and learn about your classmates holiday habits. (Activity Book ex. 1) ^ В ^ 4» In. your culture. What are travel habits in your country? Hm are they similar or different from British travel habits? www.travel.ru • vwwv.el-ioumeys.(i • The statistics show that ... • • ... (not) popular, because ... 1 • As fai' as I know ...* On the whole I can say that ... : I Besides, ... • • • • L 68 ' As Гаг as I know „. — Насколько мне известно. Unit 3 Lesson 1 FILE ' • • I • 14% of Russian people can afford travelling abroad. • 86% of Russian people go on holidays somewhere in Russia. • 49% of Russian holidaymakers prefer the seaside resorts abroad. Type of Russian Travellers Abroad • go on package holidays — 36% • independent tourists (travel on their own) — 25% • business travellers — 17% • visit friends and relatives — 5% • others — 17% Money a Russian holidaymaker spent on a “package” 2010 — 10,000-60,000 roubles The top “must-visit” places for tourists in Russia • • • • • •' St Petersburg i^arelia The 5 most popular destinations for Russian tourists abroad I JW Turkey ^ What will you tell your foreign friend about your family travel habits? 6. Activity Book ex. 2. Reader ex. 1. Unit 3 Lesson 1 69 L 70 Lesson What to know before you go? X. When planning your trip abroad you should not forget about many things. Learn aboi^ some of them from the Tips for Visitors leaflet. S 1) What information does the leaflet provide? • You must get a visa for most of the countries abroad. • American tourists to the UK do not need to get visas. • You must not forget your passport. • All travellers must fill in the customs declaration.' • If you have any riuestions about what must be declared,'' you should ask a customs officer.® • You .should read the Tips for Visitors leaflet* before your trip. • If you have any problems, you ought to ask for information from your travel agent. TIPS FOR VISITORS в 2) What should you remember when planning your trip abroad? В 3) What verbs do we use to say about what is necessary and not necessary to do? Read the rule and check. C/'OmrnOt' in focus Modal verbs must, should, ought to, need Модальные глаголы must, should, ought to, need Когда мы говорим о том, что кому-то следует или необходимо что-либо сделать в силу определённых обстоятельств, мы используем модальные глаголы must, should, ought to, need. Must используется для выражения строгого долженствования и обязательства; You must get а visa. Вам необходимо получить визу. Should/ought to используются для выражения менее строгого долженствования и носят скорее характер совета и рекомендации, что следует сделать: You should/ought to read the leaflet. Вам следует прочитать этот буклет. ’ а customs declaration - таможенная декларация to declare jdi'klcal - декларировать, заявлять ®а customs officer I'kAStam/,nfisa| - таможенник a leaflet - буклет, брошюра Unit 3 Lesson 2 Когда мы говорим об отсутствии необходимости что-либо делать, мы используем don’t need to (если это не требуется официальными правилами, инструкциями) и need not (если это дружеский совет) — Must I get а visa? — Мне нужно получить визу? — No You don’t need to get a visa. — Нет. Вам не нужно получать визу. — Should I take my umbrella? — Мне взять зонтик? — No. vou needn’t. — Нет. не нужно. ^ --------- GS р. 194 2. Russian travel agencies provide tourists with some leaflets. Is this information for Russian tourists similar to that in the Tips for Visitors leaflet? Translate the tips. • Вам следует ознакомиться с правилами для туристов. • Для поездки за границу в большинство стран Вам необходимо получить визу. • Каждому туристу необходимо заполнить таможенную декларацию. • Если у Вас возникли вопросы о том, что необходимо указать в декларации, Вам следует обратиться за помощью к таможенному служащему. • Если у Вас есть какие-либо проблемы, рекомендуем Вам обратиться к Вашему туристическому агенту. Щ 3. Pair work. Imagine you and your foreign friend are going on a youth exchange abroad. Discuss with your friend which of the things you should or should not do when planning your trip. We should ..., shouldn’t we? We ought to ..., oughtn’t we? We should not ..., should we? We needn’t ..., need we? We don’t need to ..., do we? We must ..., mustn’t we? — Yes, we should./No, we .shouldn’t. — No, we needn’t./Yes, we need. — No, we don’t./Yes, we do. — Yes, we must./No, we mustn’t. WORD BUILDING to declare — предъявлять (на таможне) declare -f -ation = declaration n to reserve - заказывать заранее resei-ve + -ation = reservation n - 7 GS p. 202 get a visa • take a passport • check the airline/train schedule buy a ticket • make a hotel reservation • read the travel leaflets take a suitcase’ or a bag • take maps and tourist guides visit a travel agency • fill in the customs declaration ' a suilcabe ['smtkeis] — чемодан Unit 3 Lesson 2 71 т If you are going abroad, how could you make sure that it will not disturb the environment and local people? S 1) Find out about people’s concerns from the Good Tourist Guide leaflet. THE GOOD TOURIST (UJIDE Plan your trip properly. ' • Read lioliday leaflets before you choose whicli^ agency to travel with. • For your convenience travel as light as possible. Don’t pack many things. • Don’t forget to take your umbrella, photocopy of passport and visa and warm clothes. t • Always keep passport, visa, tickets and money in your handbag. • Find out about the country you are going to visit. I^earn about its customs, ' and traditions before your trip. • In many countries this is considered to be very impolite to take photos of local people without asking permission. • Try not to waste water and electricity. It can be limited in the country you are visiting. • Do not buy souvenirs which are made of fur, shells.' They involve killing animals. В ^ 2) Transform the information so that it sounds like rules for tourists. Use the modal verbs. Plan your ti'ip properly. You ought to plan your trip properly. &. Every year a lot of tourists from all over the world come to Russia What advice would you give to a tourist who ... a) is going on a package tour to Russia? b) is travelling on his/her own? c) is going to visit his/her relatives? Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 2. ' a shell — ракушка 72 Unit 3 Lesson 2 Lesson Are you an adventurous traveller? Emily and David are talking about the best way to travel in their country. Ш ВЯ 1) What ways of travelling are they talking about? Emily: Walk everywlierel Or you will not be able to see much. Of course it could take a lot of energy and is not so fast. But walking is fun! You can meet a lot of people and visit many places. Believe me, you’ll be able to get the most out of your travelling. David: Walking can’t be fun when it rains. I think travelling by coach could be better. And you could take guided coach tours. I was able to travel by coach last summer. I couldn’t visit all the attractions but I was able to see a lot. В 2) What are these teenagers’ opinions about different ways of travelling? В 3) What words are used to talk about the things people could or will be able to do when travelling? Read the rule and check. QrQrrit^^^ Modal verbs could, be able to Модальные глаголы could, be able to Когда мы говорим о том, что кто-то имеет возможность или способность что-либо делать, мы используем could, be able to. Для выражения возможности что-либо делать в настоящем мы используем could: We could go for a walk. Мы можем/могли бы пойти на прогулку. Когда мы говорим о том, что нам удалось сделать в прошлом, мы используем was/were able to: I was able to get a visa. Мне удалось получить визу. Unit 3 Lesson 3 1 73 74 Если действие в прошлом не смогло осуществиться по каким-либо причинам или у нас не было возможности что-либо сделать, мы используем could not (couldn’t) или was/were not able to: I couldn’t visit the Tower. Я не смог посетить Тауэр. I wasn’t able to visit the Tower. Мне не удалось посетить Тауэр. Когда мы говорим о возможности что-либо сделать в будущем, мы используем will (’ll) be able to, could: I’ll be able to go to London next year. Я смогу (у меня будет возможность) поехать в Лондон в следующем году. You could go sightseeing when you come to London next year. Вы могли бы посмотреть достопримечательности, когда приедете в Лондон в следующем году. GS р. 195 2, Nancy and Kurt are talking about a visit to Britain. Nancy has already been to Britaitvj while Kurt will be able to visit Britain next summer. в 1) Which sentences below are from Nancy’s story, and which are from Kurt’s story? Arrange the sentences to match the two stories. Nancy: I went to Britain last year ... Kurt: I always wanted to go to Britain and visit London ... • My friend and I travelled around on our own and we were able to see quite ■ lot. • We couldn’t see all of London of course. • I’ll be able to visit London as an exchange student next December. • I’ll be able to spend Christmas holidays in London. • 1 was able to take a lot of wonderful photos and buy nice souvenirs. • When in Ijondon I could visit various tourist attractions. • I’ll be able to learn much about British culture and traditions. 9 2) Listen to the teenagers’ stories to check if you were right, (listening for detail) Unit 3 Lesson 3 3. Travel agencies provide a wide choice of adventure holidays for teenagers with different interests. Philip and Tracy are going to an adventure centre next summer. ШЩ 1) In what activities could Philip and Tracy take part in the adventure centre? Use the words from the box. ADVENTi go swimming and sunbathing • fishing and boating go to the lake for a picnic • take photos • ride bicycles and skateboarding do sports and play games • take part in various competitions leam to play new games • ride a horse • do watersports • run a marathon make handicrafts • go on excursions • visit various tourist attractions learn practical skills • make new friends • look for pets • learn about wildlife If Philip choose Camp Beaumont, he could ... If Tracy choo.se Camp Beaumont, she’ll be able to 69 Щ 2) Listen to Jessica talking about holidays in Camp Beaumont and answer the questions. • Which centre is she talking about? • Has she visited the centre or is she planning to visit it? • What was she able/will she be able do in the centre? rq # О 3) Learn more about some adventure centres for teenagers in Britain. Which centre would you choose? What will you be able to do there? www.summercamps.co.uk 4. In your culture. There are holiday centres for teenagers in your region. Щ 1) What would you tell your foreign friend about them? How could he/she spend his/her time there? ^ 2) Have you ever been to any holiday centres in your country? If so, how did you spend your time there? 3* Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 3. Unit 3 Lesson 3 75 J I 76 Lesson i j^ow ; ГЙ teke! Ipouai Л., Mr Fogg and Passepartout, the characters in the book by Jules Verne Around the World in 80 Days were travelling. S 1) What did Mr Fogg mean by saying that the world “is no longer a big place”? (reading for detail) “The world,” said Mr Fogg, “is no longer a big place. Fast ships and trains have made a great change. For example, we have now the Suez Canal, and railways now run across India and the United States.” He also said that 80 days would be enough. To prove what he said, Mr Fogg took a piece of paper and wrote down: i AroujrJ TS»e ШзЫ Li CO flays London to Suez by Calais and Brindisi (railways and steamship') Suez to Bombay (steamship) Bombay to Calcutta (railway) Calcutta to Hong Kong (steamship) Hong Kong to Yokohama (steamship) Yokohama to San Francisco (steamship) San Francisco to New York (railway) New York to London (steamship and railway) 7 days 13 days 3 days 13 days 6 days 22 days 7 days 9 days В 2) Find the geographical names in the extract above and match them with the transcription signs, (reading for specific information/reading by transcription signs) ['lAndanj [,su:iz (кэ'пгс!)] i,nju: 'jo:kI (кж1'кл1э) [,hno 'knpj ['kacleij [,saen fran'siskau] l,bDm'bei| [joukD'hamo] [bnn'diji] Ш m 3) What countries will Mr Fogg visit while travel? 4) According to Mr Fogg’s suppositions, how long will it take him and Passepartout to travel ... a) from London to Bombay? b) from London to Yokohama? ...................... c) from Hong Kong to New York? { d) from Calcutta to San Francisco? e) from London to London round the world? days. ‘ a steamship - пароход Unit 3 Lesson 4 Cfiicago^ ^^J^Pranc/sco f^ewYork > 4 ^ - '■ ?. ;.1ЛП(10П^^ V , Calais^ ^ , Brindisi ^ Delhi * Calcutta ' Aden 0Qj^j3Qy - Rangow A F R I G' A^‘ '.U i ГЧ -Jy T SOUTH ,AM^ERICA„ ■ sV 'A w \ Singapo' INDIAN О C г A f»! 1 AUSTRALIA V Melbourne ^ tfij _ _ .»■.------------------- i_ ^ I A R C T I C A 5) Have a good look at the map. Trace on the map the route Mr Fogg was planning to follow using the extract from the book, (reading for specific information) Mr Fogg and his friend Passepartout started their journey round the world. S 1) Read another extract from the book. What destinations is the extract about? Find the places on the map. (reading for specific information) Passepartout began tJiinking very seriously about the strange chance_______kept Fix with them. And it really was surprising. Here was the passenger' they met first at Suez,______they were sailing on the Mongolia and then he got off^ at Bombay. Then he got aboard^ the Rangoon on his way to Hong Kong. He was following Mr F’ogg step by step.'' It was very strange. Passepartout was sure that Fix would leave Hong Kong at the same time as Mr Fogg, and probably by the same steamship. Passepartout would never guess the real reason for ________ Mr Fogg was being followed. He would never imagine that Mr Fogg was followed round the world as a robber.® But as all people like to find an explanation of everything. Passepartout found an explanation________seemed very reasonable. Fix, he was ' a passenger ['pa-sinchol - пассажир ‘to get off phr V - сходить (c корабля и m. d.) ‘to get aboard [o'bnrdl phr v - сесть (iia корабль и m. d.) S step - шаг; step by .step no пятам ‘a robber - вор Unit 3 Lesson 4 77 sure, had been sent by members of the Reform Club to see that the journey* waj| carried out fairly and according to the agreement. “It must be that!” said Passepartout, proud at liis cleverness, “He has been sent! secretly to make sure that Mr Fogg is not playing any tricks. That is not right. All! Gentlemen of the Reform Club, you will be sorry for your behaviour!” Pleased with his discovery. Passepartout made up his mind to say nothing to IVIr Fogg about it. He was afraid that his feelings would be hurt at the distrust shown| by his friends. Passepartout decided to pretend that he thought Mr Fix was a trav-i el agent from the Shipping Company. On Wednesday afternoon, Octolaer 30th, the Rangoon pa.ssed through the Straits of' Malacca,_______separate the island of Sumatra from the Malays. Beautiful little islands, with their mountainsides, hid the view^ of Sumatra from the passengers. At four o’clock the next morning the Rangoon stopped at Singapore. Mr Fogg] went on shore* to go for a short walk. Fix,__________distrusted every action of Fogg’s, followed him secretly. Pas.separtout was amuserl to see him doing this.| Passepartout went on shore_______he was going to buy some fruit. After a pleasant walk in the hills, Mr Fogg came back to the town, and at ten] o’clock got on board the boat. He was followed by the detective,______, of course, | had never lost sight of him. At eleven o’clock the Rangoon left Singapore. S EL 2) Find in the text: a) the geographical names (the cities, the island); b) the proper names (the ships, the company, the club). What articles are used with the names? (reading for specific information) I OrOfDfOQf for revision The article Артикль c географическими названиями и именами собственными Suez, but the Suez Canal GS p. 183 SEL П 3) Word building. Find the words in the extract that are formed from the following words. How are they formed? Translate the words. WORD BUILDING Суффиксы: существительных: -ation, -ness, -iour, -y прилагательных: -ing, -able, -ful наречий: -ly Приставка: dis- GS p. 201 serious — adv. surprise — a explain — n_____ reason — a______ fair — adv______ agree — n_____ clever — n____ secret — adv. behave n_ discover — n trust — n ____ beauty — a ^ act — n ______ ‘ a journey ('фз;п|| — путешествие ‘‘ a view |vju:| - вид ® a shore |Jb:] - берег 78 Unit 3 Lesson 4 4) Fill in the gaps in the extract with the relative pronouns: who, where, when, that, which, (understanding grammar structures) 1 Qf O fY)irt)QX for revision , ^ Relative clauses , I Придаточные c who, where, when, which, that • •, Here was this kind gentleman who they met at Suez. GS p. 200 / 5) Learning' to translate, in the extract, find the sentences with the similar structure. Translate them, (understanding grammar structures) ^^rOfT)f(^Qf for revision Would Passepartout felt sure that Fix would leave Hong Kong at the same time as Mr Fogg. Паспарту был уверен, что Фикс покинет Гонконг в то же самое время, что и мистер Фогг. GS р. 197 S 6) Decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story. Prove it from the text, (reading for detail) 1) Mr Fogg and Passepartout were vei'y surprised to meet their friend at Suez. 2) Mr Fogg and Passepartout saw Mr Fix first when they travelled to Bombay. 3) Pas-separtout thought that Mr Fix was a travel agent. 4) Mr Fix followed Mr Fogg to check if the trip was fair. 5) Mr Fogg didn’t know that he was followed by Mr Fix on purpose. SEL 7) Complete the summary with the geographical and proper names from the extract, (reading for detail/making notes) Tt was strange that Mr Fix was following Mr Fogg and Passepartout step by step. They met Mr Fix first at __________ and then at_______. Then Mr Fix appeared on board of ______on their way to ________. Passepartout thought that Mr Fix was sent by the members of_________to see that the journey was carried out fairly. When the ship stopped at_______, Mr Fogg went on shore to go for a walk. Mr Fix followed Mr Fogg secretly and never lost sight of him till the steamship left о ■ о* Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 4. Unit 3 Lesson 1 79 I L 80 Lesson Have you ever travelled to London? \ JL. Tanya is a Russian girl who likes travelling. This time she is visiting Britain. Гл 1) These are some words from the conversation you are going to hear. Can you guess what kind of transport Tanya chose for her travelling? What makes you think so? to land seat belt^ orange juice passenger captain ва 2) Listen to the conversation and decide where Tanya really is. Choose the picture that fits the conversation and explain your choice. What words in the conversation helped you to answer the question? Read the Learning to Learn note first (listening for the main idea) Learning to learn J. Listening for the main idea Чтобы успешно справиться с заданиями, для выполнения которых необходимо понять основное содержание воспринимаемой на слух информации; • внимательно ознакомьтесь с заданием и контрольными вопросами (словами), чтобы понять, какой тип текста вы услышите; * а seat belt ['si;f belt] - ремень безопасности Unit 3 Lesson 5 • во время прослушивания обращайте внимание на ключевые слова, которые помогут вам понять основное содержание, чтобы выполнить задание. Текст, который вы слушаете, может содержать незнакомые слова. Не старайтесь понять все незнакомые слова. Как правило, они не мешают пониманию основного содержания звучащего текста; Т .• обращайте также внимание на интонацию говорящего, которая часто помогает понять основную мысль звучащего текста. Q ^ 3) Listen to the conversation one more time and decide if the follov^ng information is true, false or not stated, (listening for specific information) — The plane is landing in Gatwick.’^ — The plane is landing at 5.15. — Tanya is travelling with British Airways.* — Tanya is travelling by plane for the first time. 2. Tanya is talking to a customs officer. EB 1) Listen to their conversation and recognise the officer’s attitude, (listening for the main idea) Does the customs officer sound ... • friendly? • unfriendly? • reserved? BD S 2) Listen to the conversation one more time and take short notes about Tanya, (listening for specific information/note taking) • How long is she planning to stay in Britain? • What is the reason for Tanya’s visit? • What cities is Tanya planning to visit in Britain? • How long is she planning to stay in London? • Where is she going to stay in London? • Has Tanya travelled to Britain before? If so, how many times? ■V'-i л ^ • ^ fis Unit 3 Lesson 5 81 3. Tanya and her British friend Kurt are talking over the phone ВЯ f9 1) What are Tanya and Kurt talking about? Choose the best answer, (listening for the main idea) Tanya and Kurt are ... — talking about their plans for the next holiday in London. — making plans for a day around London. — discussing the best way to make a tour of London. S Б1 EL 2) Have a good look at the map. Then listen to the conversation one more time and tick the places Tanya and Kurt are planning to visit, (listening for specif* ic information) Telecom T( Regent's Pattr ^ . ^Madai^eTussauds ^ Wallace ColleOtion in ® t, HydeP^^ Piccadilly Cirou&l^^!ISftov3$ lyde _ :ovent warden slational Gallery 0St Martin \ Paul's Cathedral Albert Hall Harrods No 10 ^ ® Westminster Vicfgl Abbey У Waterloo station ^s of Parliament arf^&o^thbari ■ 4. Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 5.1), 2). 82 Unit 3 Lesson 5 Lesson Do you like travelling? I, Some people enjoy relaxing on their holidays, while some others prefer something that IS adventurous and thrilling. ^ D 1) Listen to some young people talking about how they usually spend their holidays. What do they choose for their holidays? (listening for the main idea) S ^ 2) Read through the young people’s opinions and answer the following questions. WORD BUILDING adventure n adventurgiis a unadventurous a GS p. 201 • What makes Jennifer choose travelling for her holidays? • Do Jennifer’s friends share her love of adventure holidays? Why? Why not? • How does Jeremy like to spend his holidays? • What is Jeremy’s attitude towards travelling? How does Jeremy explain it? • What arguments for staying at home does Alison give? • What arguments against travelling does Alison speak about? • Can you say that Alison hates travelling? Prove your opinion from the text. My friends don’t share my love of travelling. They usuaUy spend their holidays in their country houses or summer camps. And they think I’m crazy to spend holidays at “some place in another coimtry”. Travelling doesn’t bother* them. They are satisfied with^ the Discovery Channel.* I think they don’t understand that they can get a lot out of travelling. I feel excited to learn different languages and visit various tourist attractions. But travelling is not only excursions, historical sights or wonderful seaside resorts. You can have entertainment and learning at the same time. During your trip you coidd meet so many people from different countries, leam about their culture and traditions and make new friends. I think about what my friends are niLssing* and feel sorry for them. (Jennifer Sellers, 18) If you like travelling, why shouldn’t you travel? I personally hate travelling. It always takes a lot of energy and I prefer just relaxing and doing notliing on holidays. On the other hand I can’t say that travelling is a bad thing. Travelling is a great opportunity to leam about the world you hve in. It shows you that there are more places of interest outside your hometown. Travelling is for people who want to get new experience and impressions during their holidays. Actually, I have never been very adventurous, so travelling is not for me, thanks! (Jeremy Tam, 16) ' to bother I'bDto) - волповать, беепокоить *to be satLsfied with sth — довольствоваться чем-л. ’to miss - упустить Unit 3 Lesson 6 83 и I’ve never been keen on the idea of travelling. Actually, I’m a stay-at-home' kind) of person. Some people can say I’m boring and unadventurous. But just imagine, your family and friends are near you. And you don’t have to wait at the ш> ports. You can choose your favourite food and speak your own language. So, where could this fantastic place be? My favourite destination is my hometown. There are not many sights where I live. But I could travel by bus round the town or walk along the streets, Travelling is not just visiting new places all the tinie^ When in your hometown, you could also have a lot of wonderful impressions. As the saying goes, home, sweet home. (Alison Bright, 15) fim 3) Which of the young people could do the following on their holidays? Prove it from the texts. I • make a long distance tour abroad • relax in front of the telly • not travel far from home • go on a package holiday • go on excursions to various tourists attractions ^ iaad/ Л The film is boring. ... скучный. I am bored with the film. ... скучаю ^ s 4) How do Jennifer, Jeremy and Alison spend their holidays? In my opinion, ... I find ..., because ... If you ask me, I think I can’t say that ... 1^. Here are some activities young people can choose for their free time. 1) What will Jennifer, Jeremy and Alison choose for their free time? Give rea- sons. л* Л 84 a stay-at-home - домосед Unit 3 Lesson 6 2) What will you choose? Explain your choice. Ч t?* Do you like travelling on your holidays? Why? Why not? For me there is nothing more adventurous and exciting than travelling! I’m sure that .... because ... More than that ... I could ... I find .... because I’m good at ... That’s why I prefer ... Actually, I’m a stay-at-home kind of person. Travelling doesn’t bother me. I’ve never been keen on ... I’m borefl with ... Besides, I hate ... So, I prefer ... I can’t say that travelling is a bad thing. On the one hand ... I But on the other hand ... Actually, ... (don’t/doesn’t) bother me. I’m quite satisfied with ... ^ iaad/ be keen on .. be good at ... prefer ... be satisfied with be bored with ... hate ... 1 Ving GS p. 192 ea Л-. Christmas holidays are coming Imagine you can do anything you like on your holidays. How would you spend your “dream holidays”? ^ Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 5.3). Unit 3 85 Lesson 6 Lesson Do you always understand what other people say? 86 •X. Travelling abroad is not only visiting tourist attractions. It is also a good chance to meet people. HI 1) Listen to some conversations and decide where the tourists are. (listening for the main idea) ESS 2) The travellers have some problems understanding people. Find out how they ... • ask to explain the meaning of the unknown word. • ask to say something again. — Anything to declare? — I’m sorry, what was that you said? — Have you got anything to declare? — Oh, no, I haven’t. — I’d like a ticket to York, please. — Single or return? — Sorry. Could you tell me what “single” means? — Well, a “single” is a one-way ticket. If you’rp coming back today, you can buy a return ticket. It will save your money. — Oh, I see. Single, please. — Excuse me, is this the bus to the zoo? — You shoidd take a T-3. It will stop in front of the zoo. — Sorry, I didn’t catch the number of the bus. — T-3. — Thank you. 1^1 CULTURE NOTE When in Britain you should not be afraid to ask a stranger for help. To attract somebody’s attention (внимание) politely use “Excuse me” or “Sorry”. • We use “Excuse me" before we disturb a person. • We use “Sorry”, if we interrupt (прерываем) a person. Unit 3 Lesson 7 3) What are some other ways to ask people for an explanation or to say something again? ASKING FOR AN EXPLANATION Pardon? I’m sorry, I didn’t catch ... I’m sorry, what (who/when/where) did you say? I’m sorry if I seem a little slow, but... Извините? Извините, я нс понял(а) ... Извините, что (кто/когла/где) вы ска.зали? Извините, если я покажусь вам медлительным, но ... ASKING SOMEONE ТО SAY SOMETHING AGAIN Sorry, I didn’t hear ... I’m sorry, what was that (word) again? I’m sorry, I couldn’t hear what you said. Could you say that slowly, please? Would/Could you repeat what you said, please? Извините, я не расслышал(а) ... Извинггге, вы не повторите это (слово) ещё раз? Извините, я не расслышал(а), что вы ска.зали. Не могли бы вы сказать это помедленнее? Не могли бы вы повторить, что вы сказали? 4) Replace the expressions in the above conversations with those that fit. Act out the conversations. § ^ 2k Pair work. How do these people show they do not understand? Complete the conversations with the appropriate phrases. Act out the conversations. — I’d like to go to Oxford tomorrow morning. — What xxxxx? — Sorry, xxxxx. — I asked about the time you would like to go. — Oh, about 9 o’clock. — Excuse me. Is there a cafe near here? — Um ... yes, there is xxxxx. — xxxxx. — Well, go along the street up to the museum. You’ll see a cafe on the corner opposite the museum. — Good morning. Is this all your luggage^? — xxxxx. — Well, you have just this bag, haven’t you? — Oh, yes, just this suitcase and this bag. ' luggage - багаж Unit 3 Lesson 7 87 3* Pd.ir work. What will you say in the following situations? rsi I 1) You are reading a leaflet about how to buy a Travelcard.* You do not know the meaning of the highlighted words in the leaflet. Ask your teacher to help you. The larger, touch screen machines offer a wider choice of daily tickets and destinations. They accept coins, bank notes and credit/debit cards. 2) You and your British friend are at the bus stop. Ask your British friend about the meaning of the “request stop”* sign] written on a^us stop. F-q 3) You are a passenger at an airport You hear this announcement; "All tratv sit passengers are requested to proceed to Gate 15.” Ask for an explanation to be sure you have understood. ■ srq 4. When in Britain you can phone your family at home. Listen to the information about how to make a call home from the UK. If you do not understand anything, ask your teacher to explain. (Activity Book ex. 1) (listening for specific information/taking notes) 6. Activity Book ex. 2. Reader ex. 6. 88 Unit 3 Lesson 7 Lessons What is your favourite travelling destination? The Club magazine asked its readers to write about their favourite travelling destinations. Here is one of the readers' stories. S 1) What is Bianca’s favourite destinr'tion? RUSSIAN EXCHANGE by Bianca Trew, London, UK It was my mum’s idea for me to go on a youth exchange. I decided to visit my Russian pen friend Tanya in St Petersburg, and then the two of us would retunt to Britain. We e-mailed every week, learning about each other more with each letter. That’s how it all began, but once T was actually in Russia, I didn’t feel nervous. Tanya’s parents were both very nice. And I was impressed by St Petersburg. It was my first time in this amazing city and I loved it very much! It’s beautiful and has its own character. I visited the well-known Hermitage art museum, walked along the famous Nevsky Prospect and the dark, cold River Neva, and saw the magnificent palaces of Petergoff as well as the beautiful fountains. St Petersburg was beautiful and I loved looking at all the historical buildings that had been there for hundreds of years. The weather was rainy, which was not always fine for walking, but that left us time for shopping and museums. I took many photos and bought some nice souvenirs for my parents. Russian people are very friendly and hospitable. Everyone made me feel so welcome. I never felt disappointed about the trip. I might go back to St Petersburg again someday. I hope so. Unit 3 89 Lessons 8-9 г ! L 90 в 2) Read through Bianca’s story and find out ... • why she chose Russia for her travelling. • what tourists attractions she saw. • how she spent her time in Russia. • the impressions she got from her visit. 3. In descriptive writing adjectives are used by writers not only to describe things, bul also to attract readers. S 1) What adjectives does Bianca use in her composition? What nouns do the adjectives go with? Write down the word combinations. S 2) Here are some adjectives that can be used in the descriptive composition. Using the adjectives and the nouns, make word combinations. Read the Learning to Learn note first. Learning to learn Fact and opinion adjectives Когда мы сообидаем какую-либо фактическую информацию (возраст, цвет и т. д.) о чём-либо или о ком-либо, мы используем фактические прилагательные (fact adjectives); an old town. Когда мы передаём своё отношение к чему-либо или кому-либо, мы используем оценочные прилагательные (opinion adjectives): а magnificent building, an amazing (изумительный) view, a charming (очаровательный) park, a picturesque [^piklfia'resk] (живописный) landscape, a mysterious Imis'iianas] (таинственный) castle, an impressive (величественный, произво-дягций глубокое впечатление) cathedral. Если мы одновременно используем более одного прилагательного, то оценочное прилагательное ставится, как правило, перед фактическим прилагательным: а beautiful ancient castle. adventurous amazing ancient attractive beautiful charming comfortable emotional enjoyable exciting fantastic historical hospitable impressive magnificent mysterious national picturesque quiet reserved serious traditional unforgettable unique well-known wonderful world-famous bridge holidays palace building hotel park castle journey people cathedral landscape tour city monument trip excursion mountain view fountain museum SEi 3. What can attract tourists to Russia? Complete the travel guide information with the adjectives. Unit 3 Lessons 8-9 Karelia is a/an museum of culture, meats and landscape as well as people. This tour is a holiday for you with lots of places to visit and sights to see. monu- You will travel to towns with houses. You will also take part in a/an trip to the Б 4. What is your favourite destination? cathedrals and lakes of Karelia. Write your own descriptive composition. (150-180 words) 1) Plan your composition carefully. a) Introduction: write about why you chose this destination. b) Body: write about the main events during your travelling, including the descriptions of places, people, etc. c) Conclusion: write about your personal impressions and feelings. 2) Use adjectives in your composition. 3) Check your composition. Г'Ч There are a lot of amazing tourists attractions in your region. Write a composition about them (150-180 words). You can use the information from: vvww.expresstorussia.com • www.allrussiatours.com. NEXT LESSON IS A CONSOLIDATION LESSON. (AB p. 40) Unit 3 Lessons 8-9 91 Lessons Project lessons SI 1. Choose a project you would like to do. (iream holidays n:\ • With your classmates, decide what kind of holidays and why you would like to have. •ф- www.dreamyvoyage.com • Write about the places you would like to visit and things to do on your “dream holidays”. • Make a poster with some pictures or/and photos for other people to learn about your “dream holidays”. ^otnetown visitors’ | ^ Ч I • Design a leaflet for a travel agency inviting people from other countries to visit your region/hometown. • Write tips for tourists who are planning to come to your region/hometown. 92 Unit 3 Lessons 10-11 ►о ideal tourist • Make a poster “Ideal Tourist” with all necessary captions. • Write a story (poem, song, etc.) to support your poster. Щ ‘2. Present your project and answer your classmates’ questions to explain your ideas and choice. Use the phrases on pp. 35-36. . Discuss your projects and decide which is the best. Use the phrases on pp. 35-36. Unit 3 93 Lessons 10-11 Lessons Test yourself ts Ф LISTENING COMPREHENSION (AB-I) 1^^ READING COMPREHENSION (AB-II) EL Ф- USE OF ENGLISH (GRAMMAR/VOCABULARY) (AB-III) О SPEAKING 1) Role play. You and your foreign friend are going to spend a week together. Here are some travel tours for you to choose from. (You have 15,000 roubles.) Russian Winter in Karelia Destination: Petrozavodsk - Kizhi Accommodation: hotel/homestay Activity: horse-riding, skiing, sightseeing Transport: guided coach tour Chrfetinos Holklays In Russia Destination: Novgorod - Veliki Ustug Accommodation: camp Activity: Christmas celebrations and sports Transport: bus 94 Unit 3 Lessons 12-13 Destination; Lake Baikal Accommodation: homestay/camp Activity; fishing, skiing, skateboarding Transport: — — Pupil Card 1^ Your foreign friend is on a holiday trip in your country. You are planning to spend a week together. Discuss with your friend where you would like to go. Choose a tour from a tourist guide you’ll both enjoy going on. You begin the conversation. Remember to: » discuss all the tours; • find out your friend’s opinion about the tours; • come to an agreement. Two Capitals Destination: Moscow - St Petersburg Accommodation; hotel Activity; sightseeing Transport: train/guided coach tour Pupil Card ^ You are on a holiday trip in Russia. You and your Russian friend are planning to spend a week together. Discuss with your friend where you would like to go. Choose a tour from a tourist guide you’ll both enjoy going on. Listen to your friend’s suggestions. Remember to: • discuss all the tours; • find out your friend’s opinion about the tours; • say you want to go. Give reasons; • come to an agreement. 2) Your foreign friend wants to spend his/her holidays somewhere in Russia. Invite your foreign friend to spend his/her holidays in your hometown. Remember to: • say what is special about your hometown; • describe tourists attractions in your hometown; • say about the holiday activities your foreign friend will be able to take part in; • explain why your hometown could be the best place for your friend to come. Give reasons. You have to talk for 2 minutes. The teacher will listen until you have finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions. Unit 3 95 Lessons 12-13 о. 1^^ WRITING (AB-IV) CULTURAL AWARENESS (AB-V) NEW WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS FROM UNIT 3 Lesson 1 abroad accommodation* to afford a (travel) agency a (travel) agent* as far as I know to attract a coach* a destination a habit* a holidaymaker* nowadays on one’s own package (holidays) to prefer a reason a resort a seaside various Lesson 2 a customs declaration to declare* a leaflet* ought to a (hotel) reservation a suitcase Lesson 3 to be able to Lesson 4 to get aboard* a journey* a shore* a passenger* a step* a view* Lesson 5 a seat belt* Lesson 6 satisfied to bother to miss a stay-at-home I^esson 7 to catch Pardon? to repeat luggage* Lessons 8-9 amazing charming impressive picturesque Reader a contest* to (un)fasten (the belt)* a take-off* to take one’s mind off| sth* 96 Answer the questions. 1) Which words are international? 2) Which words do we use to talk about travelling? 3) How many word combinations can you make with the word travelling'^ 4) How many new words and word combinations do you know? SELF-ASSESSMENT (AB-VI) Unit 3 Lessons 12-13 Lesson Highlights of sport l^^^^babulary. The British are a sporting nation. They are fond of different sports team sports and individual sports Гч 1) Which are team sports, which are individual sports? Football Gymnastics Hockey Skating Skiing Swimming Boxing Cycling Rugby Sailing Table tennis Tennis Figure skating Judo ['cfeirdaol Synchronised swimming [,siokr3naizd 'swiinioJ Weightlifting ['wcitjiftigj — тяжёлая атлетика Wrestling I'rcslir)! борьба Track and field athletics — лёгкая атлетика 98 2) Which sports are the most popular in Great Britain? What do you think? ^ 3) In your culture, which sports are popular in Russia? What do you think? ва 4) Listen to check, (listening for specific information) Unit 4 Lesson 1 SE9 Vocabulary. People love different sports. Here are some teens who talk about their favourite sports. 1) What sport does each of them talk about? Why does he/she love it? Use the Word Box to learn the meaning of the highlighted words. Alex: Just imagine: the ocean, wind, your board, you and yoiu- friends. That’s fantastic! Surfing was invented in Hawaii. It is a main water sport in the USA, Australia, South Africa and South America. Thousands of young people go surfing. It helps tliem to keep fit and enjoy themselves. A surfer needs a good sense of coordination, balance and, of course, good swimming skills. Experienced surfers have developed special techniques. Some of them even ride the boards standing on their heads. I can’t do it but I hope to master this technique. I hope surfing will be included in the programme of the Olympic Games. Philip: Skateboarding is one of the most popular sports for teens. Speed, high jumps and excitement. You can practise skateboarding in the park or even in the street. But if you want to be a professional, you need to be patient and tough and train a lot at a special track. Skateboarding is a dangerous sport. It causes a lot of injuries. You need special clothes to protect yourself. I started doing skateboarding two years ago. I have already taken part in the championship which takes place in our city. I was third. I hope to win next year. I don’t like to lose. Thomas: I spend two or three hours every day — all the year round — practising American football,* basketball and weightlifting. When the school year starts I spend five hours or more every day in the gym. I have chosen all these sports myself. The reason is that I love sport. I have become stronger, more disciplined, accurate and self-confident. My father says that I’m too competitive. That’s right, I don’t like to lose. But, unfortunately, you can’t always win. If I lose, I work much harder. to keep fit — быть бодрым и здоровым to master — достичь вершин мастерства speed — скорость patient — терпеливый tough — выносливый, упорный, суровый ап injury I'mcfeoril — рана, ушиб to take place - происходить, состояться to lose (lost; lost) — прои1'рывать a gym [tfeim] — спортзал strong — сильный accurate — верный, тщательный, точный, меткий (self-)confident I'konfidsnl] — уверенный в себе competitive |kom'petativ| — соперничающий, конкурентоспособный Words to guess coordination [kau,o:di'neifnI n balance n - ? technique [tek'ni;kj n — ? disciplined ['disnplindj a - 'I - ? Unit 4 99 Lesson 1 . • • л/..... 2) Find the sentences with reflexive pronouns and translate them. for revision t Reflexive pronouns \ The teens enjoyed themselves. — Подростки развлекались. She found herself in gymnastics. — Она обрела себя в гимнастике. GS р. 186^ S 2) What character traits' and skills does sport develop? S 3) What are downsides of the sports the teens are talking about? 4) Have you ever tried any of the sports the teenagers are talking about? Would you like to try any of them? Why? Why not? fS 3. Some people love sport, others do not love it. Why do some people love sport? Why do some people not love sport? Choose the arguments to support your point of view. Ц teaches helps Sport to be self-confident, to be accurate, to be competitive, to be patient, to win. to lose, to keep fit. makes people strong, healthy, forms character. develops a sense of coordination and balance, causes injuries. takes a lot of time and energy. is dangerous. People love sport because it ... Besides, it helps ... It also ... More than that, sport makes . Some people do not love sport because ... I think ... \ ^Teens from all over the world like sport. Listen to three teens and say what sports they are talking about. Why do they do these sports? (listening for detail) ' What is your favourite sport? Why? What sport don’t you like? Why? G. Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 1. ““ ~ V ' a character trait - черта характера 100 I Unit 4 Lesson 1 Lesson I found myself in running DS 1. There are a lot of different sports and sometimes it is difficult to choose the right one for yourself. 1) What advice does Grace give to teenagers who are not sure what sport to choose? Use the Word Box to learn the meaning of the highlighted vM>rds. I’m a sport lover. But there are a lot of teens who are not fond of sport at all. There are a lot of sports, and I think that such teens have not found the right one for themselves yet. Different types of sport need different skills, a good way to choose a sport is to try different ones. As for me I tried gymnastics, I am good at throwing the ball, that’s why I played netball* auid I was in a school team. Then I practised horse-riding, competed in tennis and swimming. But I found myself in running. I’m a good short distance runner. I broke a school record in the 100 metre sprint. How can you make your choice? You can try different sports at school or you can ask your mum and dad about camps and programmes that give teens an opportunity to try new sports as I did. But even if you don’t like anything, there are some activities you might not think of as sports, such as cheerleading,* sack races and other fun races, that help you to stay active. There are many other non sport activities that сгш give you exercise and keep you active. Here are just a few: raking leaves, riding a bicycle or walking your dog. as for (me) — что касается (меня) to break a record — побить рекорд cheerleading - участие в группе поддержки а sack race - бег в мешках ^ ixxd/ short distance runner — бегун на короткие дистанции the 100 metre sprint — ? open water swimming — плавание на открытой воде long jump competition — ? high jump competition — ? Unit 4 101 Lesson 1 .1 I г )' [ ■ 2) What sports did Grace try? S 3) What skills does she have? 5 4) What activities help to stay active? 5) Do you share Grace’s opinion about choosing a sport? 2. All teens like different sport activities. What sport activities do you like? What activities don’t you like? V Talking about likes and dislikes I like ... Я люблю ... I don’t like ... Я не люблю ... ; I’m fond of ... Я очень люблю ... I can’t stand ... Я терпеть не могу ... ' I’m crazy about ... Я без ума от ... I’m hopeless at ... Я безнадёжен/без-: Гш keen on ... Я страстно увлетсаюсь ... надёжна в ... ; Гт good at ... Я хорошо умею ... I hate ... Я ненавижу ... I *• т • • •••• •• • ••• • ••• •••• ••••••••••#•••••••* mmJL If you haven’t found yourself in sport yet, the test on p. 103 may help you. H 1) Do the test on p. 103. 2) What is your result? Explain the result. 3) Are you satisfied with the result of the test? I am satisfied with the result of the test. As for me I don’t like ... But I prefer ... I’m not satisfied with the result of the test. I really ... More than that I ... 102 Unit 4 Lesson 2 ^4) What sport did you find yourself in? WHAT SPORT TO CHOOSE? You are competitive You like being with your friends. You like throwing the ball. Read boots., * Wetcb TV. I ТГ ^AKE it as a JOKE’’-' 4» Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 2. Unit 4 103 Lesson 2 t Lesson Sport history S Football is a national British sport, it has a long history. | 1) When did football become a sports game? I Football has been played in one form or another for hundreds of years. First itf was a tough and dangerous game. There were no rules. But since 1863 it has] been played with proper rules. That year the Football Association (the FA) was; started. Its first job was to make rules for all teams. By the end* of the 19tli century almost every town had its own team. One of the main competitions of the football season in Britain is the FA Cup. The first FA Cup competitions were helc^ at the famous Wembley Stadium* in London in the middle of the 19th cen-i tury. Football has been included in the Olympic programme since 1900. 2) How long has football been played? Как долго играют в футбол? 3) How long have the competitions in football been held? Как долго проводятся соревнования no футболу? Г. 4) What tense form is used to talk about the actions that began in the past and still go on but we do not know who performs them? Read the rule and check. ^rOjfy)ff)Qx Present Perfect Passive Страдательный залог настоящего завершённого времени Для того чтобы рассказать о действии, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего момента, но не указывать, кто совершает действие, мы используем Present Perfect Passive. Football has been played for hundreds of years. В футбол играют в течение сотен лет. Football competitions have been organised since the middle of the 19th century. Соревнования no футболу организуются с середины XIX века. Для того чтобы сказать, как долго продолжается действие, мы используем for. Для того чтобы сказать, с какого времени началось действие, мы используем since. GS р. 190 ‘ ап end - конец; by the end (of the century) к концу (века) * to hold (held; held) - проводить 104 Unit 4 Lesson 3 Ш 2. How well do you remember the main facts from the football history? Match the columns. Football has been played Football teams have been organised in towns Football has been played with proper rules The FA Cup competitions have been held Football has been included into the programme of the Olympic Games for hundreds of years, since 1863. since 1900. since the end of the 19th century, since the middle of the 19th century. J. Another national British sport also has an interesting and long history. S 1) Make up sentences, use the verbs in brackets in the correct form and learn the history of rugby. H In 1823 a boy from Rugby school took a ball in hands during the game. 1) Rugby (play) ••••••• ***•, 2) Rugby (play) with its own rules *, 3) Rugby teams (organise) all over Britain* 4) The international championships (hold) 5) The Five Nations Cup (organise) 6) The Six Nations Championship (hold) in the 20th century since 1845 since 2000 for more than 150 years since 1845 since 1823 Б1 2) Listen to check. What new facts about rugby have you learnt? (listening for detail) Unit 4 Lesson 3 105 Pair work. How well do you know the history of sport? Find out the facts that you don’t know and share your knowledge with your friends. Pupil 1 You want to know since what time the following competitions have been held. How long/Since what time have the . Olympic Games been organised? — the Olympic Games (organise) — the Derby horse race* (hold) — the Tour de France* cycling race (hold) — British football championships (organise) You know — the Royal Ascot Race* (1711) — the Wimbledon tennis competitions* (more than a century) — the Ryder Cup* (1927) — the first international figure skating competitions (1882) Pupil 2 You want to know since what time the following competitions have been held. ;*How long/Since what time has the*. •.Ryder Cup been held? — the Ryder Cup* (organise) — the Royal Ascot Race* (organise) — the Wimbledon tennis competitions* (hold) — the international figure skating competitions (hold) You know — the Derby horse races* (1780) — the Tour de France* cycling race (more than a century, 1903) — the Olympic Games (1896) — British football championships (1872) S ^ 5. Here are some extracts from a school sports newspaper about the history ol different sports. Which sentences can be used in Present Perfect Passive? V Water polo has been played since 1869. 1. In 1869 the first water polo match was played. The game became popular in the end of the 19th century. The first world championship took place in 1973. In 1950 the new rules were introduced. 106 2. Judo became popular in the 17-19th centuries. In 1886 police officers started to learn judo. In 1964 judo appeared in the Olympic programme. Unit 4 Lesson 3 3. The first skates appeared in Holland in the 13-14th centuries. In Russia skates became popular when Peter the First ruled’ the country. The first figure skating competition took place in 1878. The first international competition took place in 1892. Women took part in the World Championship in 1924. In 1920 figure skating appeared in the Olympic programme. 4. People began to play hockey in the middle of the 18th century. The first rules were introduced in 1877. The first women’s hockey game was played in Ottawa* in 1892. The Stanley Cup* was awarded for the first time in 1893. In 1917 the National Hockey League was formed. Hockey appeared in the programme of the Olympic Games in 1920. f4 6. Make a short report on the sport history at your school. The following questions may help you: • What sport clubs are there in your school? • When did the first club appear? • Since what time have the clubs been organised? • What competitions have been held? • How long have the competitions been held? • How many pupils take part in the competitions? • What are the school records? V; Activity Book ex. 1, 2. ' to rule Inti] - править Unit 4 Lesson 3 107 г L Lesson ПЪе pf th ic “There is no competition greater than the Olympic Games," wrote a Greek poet in the 5th century BC. В 1) When were the first ancient Olympic Games and Modern Olympic Games organised? (reading for specific information) Beginning in 776 BC, the Olympic (before Christ) — до нашей эры Games were held in the Valley of др (anno Domini) — нашей эры Olympia in Greece. They were dedicated^ to the Olympian Gods and took place every four years. By about 650 BC the Games were held over five days. Sportsmen came to the Valley of Olympia from every corner of the Greek world. Sportsmen competed in running, wrestling and the pentathlon. The pentathlon was a five-event match which included running, wrestling, jumping, throwing the discus and throwing the javelin.^ Later boxing, a chariot^ race and other events were included. Women could not take part in the Games and even couldn’t watch them. The winners of these early Games were awarded with wreaths^ from an olive tree that was planted by Hercules* (Heracles), founder of the Games. In 394 AD the Olympic Games were abolished.® Thanks to Baron Pierre de Coubertin the first Modern Olympic Games took place in Greece in 1896. They were held over 10 days in April. About 300 athletes from 13 countries participated® in 9 different sports. The largest delegation was from Greece. They won 10 gold medals and set Olympic records. At the Moscow 1980 Games more than 5,000 athletes from 80 countries competed in 21 different sports. The 2004 Olympic Games also took place in Greece. Athletes from 202 countries competed in 28 different sports some of which, for example, the track events in athletics, are very old, while others were added^ to the programme of the Games not long ago. For example, open water swimming events, over the distance of 10 kilometres, were included into the programme of the Olympic Games in 2008 (in China). В 2) Find the sentences with the following words and translate them. ^ ixxd./ about adv - приблизительно, около, почти over prep - за, в, в течение with prep - указывает на орудие или способ совершения действия, передаётся творительным падежом 108 ' to dedicate - посвящать * а javelin ['(fesevslin] - копье ’ а chariot |'^гепэ1] - колесница * а wreath (п:01 - венок Unit 4 Lesson 4 “ to abolish - упразднять ® to participate [pa'tisipeitj - принимать участие ^ to add - добавлять в 3) Which sports do the pictures illustrate? Which other sports were the first Olympic sports? 4) Complete the fact file about the Olympics using the text, (reading for specific information/making notes) Ancient Modern When appeared? Where appeared? Number of sports? Women’s participation? Awards? When abolished? WORD BUILDING to participate v - принимать участие a participation (pa:,tisi'peijnl n - ? a participant [pa:'lJSipont| n - ? GS p. 202 5) Fill in the chart with information about the Modem Olympic Games from the text, (reading for specific information/making notes) CIty/Country Year Number of sports Nations Number of athletes Greece London, UK 1948 17 59 4099 1980 2008 В D 6) In the text, find the eentences In the Passive Voice and transform them Into the Active Voice, (understanding grammar structures) Unit 4 Lesson 4 109 2^* There Were no official symbols of the Olympic Games in ancient times, but the mcxl-ern Olympics have different symbols. В 1) What are the symbols and traditions of the Olympic Games? Match the descriptions (1-6) with the pictures (A-F). (reading for the main idea) 1. It lias been organised since the IX Olympiad at Amsterdam in 1928. All delegations parade in alphabetical order. But Greece is always the first and the last delegation is the host country. 2. It was adopted^ by the International Olympic Committee in 1958. It is played when the Olympic Flag is raised in the ojiening ceremony and also when the Olympic Flag is lowered at the closing ceremony. 3. One of Baron Pierre de Coubertin’s friends was head of a college near Paris. I Once he finished his speech with the words in Latin that Baron Pierre de^ Coubertin made into the Olympic motto.^ These words were ... ^ 4. Pierre de Coubertin got the idea for this phrase from a speech given by Ethelbert Talbot at a service for Olympic champions during the 1908 Olympic Games. The Olympic Creed'^ reads ... 5. It was lit during the ancient Olympic Games. It has been lit every Olympiad since the oixming ceremony of the Olympic Games at Amsterdam, Netherlands, in 1928. 6. First it appeared at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. It was Waldi, the dachshund.^ Since that time it has been one of the symbols of the Olympics. It shows the history and culture of the host city. ' to adopt - принимать (что л. официально — закон, постановление и т. л.) ^ а motto - девиз * а creed - кредо, мировоззрение * а dachshund |'di£kscmd| - такса (порода собак) L 110 Unit 4 Lesson 4 ^ Immortal spirit of aiitiq-uity, father of the true, ^ beautiful and good ... The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part. 5 2) Are the statements true or false? (reading for specific information) 1. Greece always finishes the parade at the opening ceremony. 2. The anthem’ has been played at the opening and closing ceremonies since 1958. 3. Faster, higher, stronger is the motto of the Olympic Games. 4. The Olympic Creed appeared in 1908. 5. The Olympic Flame^ appeared at the first opening ceremony. 6. The mascot, since the Olympic Games in Munich, has been an animal or a toy that represents the country where the Olympic Games are held. Щ 3) What other Olympic symbols can you suggest? (expressing personal opinions) ^ When will the next Olympic Games be held? Where? What sports will be in the programme of the Olympic Games? (applying background knowledge) Hi'' A, Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 3. www.olympic.org • www.bbc.co.uk/schocls/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/the_olympic_ga-mes ' an anthem ('icn0am| — гимн ‘ a flame - пламя; the Olympic Flame олимпийский огонь Unit 4 Lesson 4 111 Lesson Games for everyone X. The Olympic Games are always followed by the Paralympic Games. ^ 1) Who are these games for? What do you know? 112 --------------------------------------------------------------------------V people with a physical disability I'tizikl ,diso'bil3li| — люди c ограниченными физическими возможностями disabled — страдающий от увечья, болезни; нетрудоспособный wheelchair athletes — атлеты в инвалидных колясках ! blind sportsmen — слепые спортсмены ч_________________________________________________________________________/ ва 2) Listen to the interview with one of the directors of the Paralympic Association of Great Britain. Who are the Games for? What sports are included into the programme of the Paralympic Games? (listening for specific information) Unit 4 Lesson 5 D В 2. You’ll listen to the information about the history of the Paralympic Games. Fill in the missing information. Read the Learning to Learn note first, (completing notes) Learning to learn Listening for specific information/Completing notes • Посмотр)/1те на текст и определите, какая информация пропущена в тексте; дата, число, прилагательное, глагол и т. д. Обратите внимание на слова перед пропущенным словом и после него, они помогут определить пропущенное слово. I • Не беспокойтесь, если вы не поняли всю информацию, сосредоточьтесь на той информации, которая пропущена в тексте. н^Текст, который вы слышите, может содержать больше сведен)1й, чем текст задания, в который необходимо вставить пропущенные слова. • Заполните пропуски в тексте упражнения одним словом и/1И короткой фразой. The first Games for athletes with a (0) disability were held in 1948 in Stoke Mandeville, England. On the day of the Opening Ceremony of the Olympic Games in London, the first competition for (1) ___________ was organised. Four years later, athletes from the Netherlands (2) _______________ the Games; thus the Paralympic Games were started. Olympic style games for athletes with a disability were organised for the first time in Rome in (3)___________________About 4,000 athletes from (4) ____________________ countries competed in 8 sports. Since then the Paralympic Games have been organised (5)------------The Paralympic Games have been held in the same years as the Olympic Games, but usually in another (6) ________ In 1976 the first Paralympic (7) _________ took place in Sweden. A new page in the Paralympic history was written in 1988, when the Paralympic Games (8) ____________ just after the Olympic Games in Seoul, Korea. Л. There are four sports that are only played at the Paralympics. E! 1) Listen to the stories about three of the Paralympic sports and match them to the pictures, (listening for specific information) f ^ ^ Goalball ^ ^ Tennis ^ Unit 4 113 Lesson 5 г ва EL 2) Listen to the stories and complete the missing information, (completing] notes) It is a new sport. It began in (0) Canada in 1977. (1) IS a ООП1-1 The games are held on] bination of rules and skills needed in (2) ___________ a (3) _____________ ground. The balls which are used in wheelchair rugby emd in] (4) _____________ are alike. There are (5) ____________ players in each team. It is a sport for people who are (6) ---------------- (7) _____________ halls. The players throw the coloured balls (8) users. It is played in] possible to a white ball. (9) cy and team work. needs attention, coordination, accura- It is a Paralympic sport. It is a team sport in which only (10) ---------------- athletes can participate. It is played on a (11) -------------------- ground with] a ball which has a bell inside. (12) ___________________ needs the players to be] strong, quick and to have goo j ____2) Race records 2. Body: ,, 3) Winners in other competitions 4) Fun races 3. Conclusion EL 2) Classify the following time linkers into three groups: the words used at the beginning of the report, the words used at the end of the report, the words used for linking different parts. _ ..............................—'x ^ iaad./ first • then • next • as soon as I in the end - в заключение after that • later • in the end i at the end - в конце чего-л. while • at the end • after • afterwards { after prep - после {урока) afterwards adv - после, потом we took part 3. Megan wrote a report about Sports Day at her school. Use the time linkers and restore the report. Last Saturday there was Sports Day at our school. (1)__________ in the Ball Throwing competition. (2) _____________ there were the Long Jump and High Jump competitions. Besides there were a lot of different races. (3)------------- we took part in the three-legged race. Parents and friends were cheering us up (4) _____________ we were competing in running. We had strawberries and cream^ on the field. (5) ______________ the competition finished. (6) ____________ we discussed Sports Day and watched the photos. ^ Write your own report about Sports Day at your school. (120-140 words) 5. Reader ex. 7. NEXT LESSON IS A CONSOLIDATION LESSON, (AB p. 58) I II * strawberries and cream — клубника со сливками Unit 4 Lessons 8-9 121 Lessons El 1. Choose a project you’d like to do. My sport prob" Project lessons Write about: • sports you like to watch; • sport activities you are good at; • sports you’ve ever tried and your results; • sport you’ve found yourself in; - your achievements in the sport you’ve found yourself in. Illustrate your project with photos. History file W www.historyofsports.net • Choose the sport you like to make a project about. • Explain why you have chosen this sport. • Find out the main dates in the history of the sport. Write about the history of the sport. Find the photos to illustrate your story. Sports club 122 • Find out what sports your classmates like to do in the club. • Make up the timetable of the sport activities in your club. • Write about each activity that your club provides. • Make an ad of your club. ^ 2. Present your project to your classmates and answer your classmates’ ques- tions. Use the words on pp. 35-36. rq 3. Discuss your projects and decide which is the best. Use the phrases on pp. 35-36. Unit 4 Lessons 10-11 и 1 Lesson Good and ith 'abulary Some people care about their healt^flSWiers don’t. ' • 1) What is healthy and what is unhealthy? What do you think? Б] E 2) What health habits is the article about? Which of them are good and whic^ are bad health habits? Use the Word Box and the word building table to learn meaning of the highlighted words. Both obesity (being overweight) and pliysical inactivity are known from ancient] times. In those times people used to consider obese people healthy. Obesity and^ inactivity are joined by the modern bad habits: smoking and drinking alcohd, and the surprising ‘danger’ of sleeping either too much or too little, watching TV a lot, eating between meals and skipping meals. These bad health habits could lead to different diseases. Of course neither sleeping too much nor snacking is: as dangerous as smoking, obesity and drinking, but they are signs of dangerously chaotic lifestyles. Regularity in life promotes your health. Sleeping seven or eight hours, getting] up early, having a healthy diet, eating a variety of foods, taking regular exer cise is really a good way to live. from the Daily Mail 0 overweight IjOTrvo'weit] - весящий больше нормы used L)u:stl (to do) — иметь обыкновение (делать), обычно/бывало (делали) to smoke - курить to lead (led; led) (to) - вести (к) a sign Isain) - признак, знак chaotic (kci'otikl - хаотический, хаотичный to promote (ргэ'тэШ] — способствовать both ... and ... - и ... и ... either ... or ... - или ... или ... neither ... nor ... — ни ... ни ... Words to guess a diet ('daiDt] n — ? various a - разнообразный a variety [vo'raiotij n - ? L 124 WORD BUILDING Суффикс существительных -itу obese (3o'bi;s] a - очень полный —► obesity fou'brsotij n - чрезмерная полнота regular f'rcgjulo) a — размеренный, —► regularity [,regju'la;r3til n - ? регулярный inactive a — бездеятельный —► inactivity n — ? GS p 202 Unit 5 Lesson 1 в EL 3) Pair work. Put the bad health habits from the article in the order of danger: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous (from your point of view). Compare with your partner. 4) What is a good way to live according to the article? According to statistics the lifestyles thirty years ago and these days are different. 1) In what way are they different? Thirty years ago children used to start the day with porridge and milk. But these days they neither eat porridge nor drink milk. They either eat fast food or just snack on chocolate on the way to school. A. start the day with porridge with milk and toast B. eat fast food or just snack on chocolate on the way to school A. walk to school B. go to school by car A. have shepherd’s pie,* potatoes, peas and pudding for lunch at school B. have fatty pizza and chips for lunch at school A. take the dog for a walk and play with friends after school B. get a lot of homework to do, watch four hours of TV, play computer games A. eat healthy homemade food and drink a cup of tea in the evening B. have a ready meal like lasagna,* garlic bread, chocolate biscuits which is fattier and less healthy Unit 5 125 Lesson 1 2) Compare health habits of children 30 years ago and nowadays. : 30 years ago children used to eat healthy home- • made food. They didn’t use to eat a ready meal. : They didn’t use to ... That means that 30 years ago • children used to have a healthy diet. This good I health habit promoted good health. That means that 30 years ago children used to ... These days children ... have a healthy diet. ‘ eat a variety of foods. take regular exercise. ' j eat unhealthy food. skip meals. snack a lot. keep fit. be physically (in)active. (may) be overweight, have (un)healthy habits. 30 years ago children used to ... These days children ... start the day with porridge and milk. have shepherd’s pie, potatoes, peas for lunch. eat healthy homemade food. have fatty pizza and chips for lunch. snack on chocolate on the way to school. eat a ready meal, walk to school. play with friends after school, go to school by car. • ewatch a lot of TV after school, smoke. These healthy habits promote/promot-ed good health. These unhealthy habits lead/led to different diseases. This is/was a good way to live. This lifestyle can/could be called* chaotic. ’ 3) What are your health habits? WORD BUILDING health n - здоровье healthy a — здоровый, полезный healthily ado - полезно для здоровья unhealthy a — нездоровый, вредный 126 i Unit 5 Lesson 1 3. Here are some statistics taken from newspaper surveys about British, American and Russian people. шт 1) How can you interpret the following facts? 39% of teenagers do not eat healthily. This fact means that they either snack a lot or don’t eat a variety of foods. Perhaps they don’t have a healthy diet. In Britain 39% of teenagers do not eat healthily. 45% eat fresh fruit every day. 62% try to eat homemade food when possible. 56% try not to eat much sugar and fat. 44% take part in different sports. 25% of 15-year-old girls and boys are regular smokers. In the USA 20% of American teenagers are overweight. 35% of teenagers eat healthily. 20% of American teenagers are smokers. 60% of Americans are physically inactive. In Russia 40% of Russian teenagers smoke. 25% of people in Russia are overweight. 43% of people in Russia do not eat fast food. •. FACT FILE or^ 2) What do these facts say about how healthy British, American and Russian teenagers are? Read the Learning to learn note first. Learning to learn Describing percentages/Comparing and contrasting При сравнении цифровых данных следует использовать такие фразы; While 1ц Britain one in four (25%) teenagers is a smoker, in the USA one in five (20%) teenagers smokes, and in Russia two out of five (40%) teenagers smoke. A half (56%) of British teens try not to eat much fat and sugar compared with a third (35%) of American teenagers. П 3) What about your friends, classmates? Are they healthy? What are their health habits? ^ Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 1. Unit 5 Lesson 1 127 Lesson My tips for staying healthy JL« Vocabulary, неге is a letter that a British girl Ann wrote to the website about health habits. B9 В 1) Why has Ann written this letter? Use the Word Box to learn the meaning of the highlighted words. I know that a lot of children don't pay attention to their heoltti but since I became a teenager l have been more concerned about what I eat and the balance of exercise in my life. My guide 1. Walk where you can and get involved in some kind of sport 2. Limit your TV and computer time. 3. Don't skip your meals, and it will help you to give up snacking. 4. Avoid late night snacking. 5. If only junk food is sold at your school, tell the school that they need to change the menu! Junk food should be banned at school. 6. Drink lots of water not Coke. 7. DO not smoke. Smoking makes you ill. 8. Be positive and believe in yourself. 9. Smile, laugh and be kind! to pay attention (to) - обращать внимание (на) to limit - ограничивать to avoid [a'void] - избегать junk food t'djAQk fu:dl — нездоровая еда (Junk — утиль, отбросы) to ban - запрещать В 2) Does Ann live a healthy lifestyle? How can you prove it? 3) What do you think Ann’s lifestyle was before? • * • Perhaps, she didn’t use to ... Perhaps, she used to ... L 128 Unit 5 Lesson 2 I w. Here are some reasons that grown-ups name to explain why children are sometimes unhealthy. ^ 1) What are these reasons? Children eat a lot of chocolate and sweets. Cliildren sit and watch TV a lot. Children don’t go outside much. Teenagers spend a lot of time at a desk. Teens skip PE lessons. Children get little physicsil activity. Pupils eat unhealthy school dinners with lots of calories. Teenagers prefer junk food, which they say is tasty, to healthy food, which they do not consider tasty enough. Teenagers often visit fast food places like McDonalds.* ^ 2) What reason can Ann give? В fq 3) Group work. What reasons can your classmates name? Find out. • ••11 "^/ OfY)WOf for revision__________ A lot of/Many/Much/Few/Little a lot of time little time much time ^ t • • GS p. 185 a lot a few a few/not little/not of little many much How much chocolate do you eat? How much do you sleep? How many hours do you spend at a desk every day? How much physical activity do you get? How much junk food do you eat? How many portions of vegetables do you cat? Unit 5 129 Lesson 2 4) What should be done to make teenagers healthier? Teenagers should agree Grown-ups be involved in Parents 1 be/get interested in be/get used to consider decide finish give up pay more attention to - refuse start try (do) regular exercise. (join) a health//itn.es.s club. (try) a variety of activities to finl what they enjoy. (ban) ads about unhealthy prod ucts. (eat) healthy food. (eat) junk food with a lot of call ries and fat. (invent) healthy food that tasti as nice as junk food. (go to) healthy fast food places, (watch) what they/children eat. i (limit) TV, computer and vidai game time. '•^rQ f rms\QY\ Verbs followed by infinitive/Verbs followed by -ing V + -ing consider finish give up be/get used to be/get interested in be/get involved in pay more attention to V + infinitive agree refuse decide try V + both start GS p. 191-192 3* Everybody should have a guide to stay happy and healthy. U rq 1) Do you think you could follow Ann’s tips? How can they promote good health? ^ # 2) Group work. Make your own “Stay happy and healthy” guide. Explaii: how it can promote your health, www.kidshealth.org Paying more attention to If I .... it will help me to ... Besides, limiting ... will help me to More than that, ... If grown-ups ..., it can also help ... will help me to 130 «4» Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 2. Unit 5 Lesson 2 Lesson I haven’t been eating junk food for a long time I. Staying healthy and happy is not that easy, ssa 1) Does Sarah live a healthy lifestyle? — Hi, Sarah. You look really fit! — I have changed my habits. I have been limiting my computer time for four weeks. I haven’t been eating junk food. I have been keeping a diary of my eating habits since I visited the doctor. And 1 have been visiting a fitness class for a month already. Ш 2) What has Sarah been doing for a month to look good? Что в течение месяца делает Сара, чтобы выглядеть хорошо? S 3) What verb forms are used to talk about actions/situations which began in the past and continue up to the present (and into the Future)? Read the rule and check. GrOfY)f(^QX in focus Present Perfect Progressive Настоящее совершённое длительное время Чтобы рассказать о действиях или ситуациях, которые начались в прошлом, продолжались в течение какого-то времени до настоящего момента и. возможно, будут продолжаться и далее, мы используем Present Perfect Progressive. I have been keeping my diary for four weeks already. Я веду дневник уже четыре недели. I have been keeping it since I visited the doctor. Я веду его с того времени, как я была у врача. GS р. 188 2. А lot of health and beauty products help people to look good. What products does Sarah use and why? Match the two columns. Unit 5 Lesson 3 131 I have been treating my hair with ... • for two months. • 4 I have been washing my hair with ... for two weeks. I have been adding ... to my bath since I was presented witli it. My sister has been using ... every morning for a month. My mum’s been using ... for a month. My father has been buying ... for 15 years. 3» All the products above are made by one of the most famous companies in Great Britaia The founder of this company was Anita Roddick. В 1) What kind of company is this? Scan the notes. Ш 2) What were the answers to the questions? My hair looks healthy and beautiful. It makes my hair grow faster. She has no bad hair days* now. It helps to ease away symptoms of| everyday stress. ; He likes to use products with naturaf ingredients. She looks wonderful every day. Do you sell perfumes,^ soap, shampoo for men and women? Yes, we have been selling all these things since 1976. ..................................................... Do you sell perfumes, soap and — since 1976 shampoo? — support small producer communities in Do you do busii'ess in other coun- more than 25 countries (1980s) tries? — only natural, since our first shop was opened What ingredients do you use? — No, since we began to work. Do you test your products on ani- — Yes, dark green, a strong simple design; carry mals? the yellow and green The Body Shop* logo, fa Do all your shops look alike? 30 years. Do you care about the environ- — reuse bottles, for all these years, sponsor ment? posters for Greenpeace* (1985), work with Do you support any charity pro- Ecotricity* (2001) grammes? — Children on the Edge* (1990) and others 132 ’ a bad hair day - a day when your hair does not look tidy or neat (used humorously) * (a) perfume ('p3;Qu:ni| - духи Unit 5 Lesson 3 ^ 3) What have you learnt about The Body Shop company? цва 4) Listen to the interview. What facts has the journalist missed? (listening for detail) There are things that are famous in some countries or all over the world. • 1) Pair work. How long have people been using these things? Exchange information. Pupil 1 Since what time have British people been drinking tea? Pupil 2 British people have been drinking tea since the 1500s. Questions: British people/drink tea People/drink Lipton* tea British people/eat beans on toast* People/visit Berni* restaurants People/eat hamburgers Answers: Instant coffee was invented during the Second World War. The first Cadbury’s* chocolate bar was sold in 1831. McDonalds* restaurant was opened in 1948 in California. Chinese takeaways* became very popular in Britain in 1974. Unit 5 Lesson 3 133 Г-] Pupil Card ^ Questions: People/drink instant coffee Children/eat Cadbury’s* chocolate People/visit McDonalds* restaurants British people/buy food from Chinese takeaways* Answers: Tea was brought to Britain in the 1500s. Lipton* tea appeared more than 100 years ago. Beans on toast* were imported in 1895 for the fii-st time. The first Berni* restaurant opened in 1950. The first hamburgers were sold in Connecticut in 1895. 2) Are these things good for health? What is your opinion? Why do you think so? ^ 3) In your culture. What can you tell your British friends about “Kalina”' — one of the leading Russian firms that produces cosmetics and person^ care products? Use the information from the fact file. fact file i Concern “Kalina” 1942 — was founded on the base of Novaya Zarya factory in Sverdlovsk (now Ekaterinburg) 1975 — sell creams in tubes the 1990s — produce toothpaste, soap 1999 — change its name to Concern “Kalina” care about beauty and health support charity programmes, help disabled children к Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 3. L 134 Unit 5 Lesson 3 = '4 ) Lesson tt A dSi’s i i .-I' iv '■ i - ■■ .-2( 1. You are going to read a story by Ernest Hemingway. S 1) What is Ernest Hemingway famous for? (reading for detail) Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He is one of America’s most famous writers. He received the Nobel Prize* for his novels and short stories. Hemingway lived an adventurous life, participating in both World War 1 and World War II. He spent much time hunting and fishing. Many of his books are based on such experiences. His favourite theme is bravery. В 2) What is the story A Day’s Wait about? (anticipating) S 3) What was worrying the boy the whole day? Put the paragraphs in chronological order, (reading for the main idea/sequencing) A. When I came back they said the boy had refused to let anyone into the room. “You can’t come in,” he said. “You mustn’t get what I have.” 1 went to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, looking at the foot of the bed. I toob his temperature. “What is it?” “Something like a hundred,” 1 said. It was one hundred and two and four tenths. “It was a hundred and two,” he said. “Who said so?” “The doctor.” “Your temperature is all right,” I said. “It’s nothing to worry about.” “I don’t worry,” he said, “but T can’t keep from thinking.” “Don’t think,” I said. “Just take it easy.” “I’m taking it easy,” he said, and looked straight ahead. He was holding on to himself about something. I sat down and opened the Pirate Book. But 1 could see he was not following, so I stopped. “About what time do you think I’m going to die?”^ he asked. “You aren’t going to die. What’s the matter with you?” 'to die |tlai| — умирать JrJ Unit 5 Lesson 4 135 г i в. Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different coloured cap-i sules with instructions for giving them. i Back in the room I wrote the boy’s temperature down and made a note of th( time to give the various capsules. i “Do you want me to read to you?” “If you want to,” said the boy. His face was very white and there were dark] areas under his eyes. He lay^ quietly in the bed and seemed very detached from|, what was going on. I read from Howard Pyle’s Book of Pirates; but I could see he was not followi. ing what I was reading. ' “How do you feel, Schatz?” I asked him. “Just the same,” he said but he was looking at the foot of the bed, looking veryf strangely. “Why don’t you try to go to sleep? I’ll wake you up for the medicine.” “I’d rather stay awake.” A minute later he said to me, “You don’t have to stay in here with me, Papa,| if it bothers you.” “It doesn’t bother me.” “No, I mean you don’t have to stay if it’s going to bother you.” I thought perhaps he was a little lightheaded and after giving him the prescribed] capsules at eleven o’clock I went out for a few minutes. C. “What’s the matter, Schatz?” “I’ve got a headache.” “You better go back to bed.” “No. I’m all right.” But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a veql sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead’l I knew he was running a temperature. “You go to bed,” I said, “you’re sick.” When the doctor came he took the boy’s temperature. “What is it?” I asked him. “One hundred and two.” ^ ixid/ BE AE ill sick J S Ell 4) What symptoms did the boy have? Write them down, (reading for specific information/making notes) ' to lie (lay; lain) - лежать * a forehead ['fbrkl| - лоб 136 Unit 5 Lesson 4 шт 5) How did the boy feel? How was he acting? Find the highlighted words and word combinations in the story and guess their meanings, (reading for detail/inter-preting figurative language) • ... a very sick and miserable boy of nine years, (part C) a) small b) very unhappy • He seemed very detached from ... (part B) a) didn’t pay attention to b) was alone • He seemed very detached from what was going on. (part B) a) what was happening around him • ... he was a little lightheaded ... (part B) a) had fair hair • ... but I can’t keep from thinking, (part A) a) can’t have some thoughts • “Just lake it easy.” (part A) a) relax and don’t think about it b) where people were going b) was not able to think clearly b) it is impossible not to think b) think about things that are not difficult • He was holding on to himself about something, (part A) a) trying to keep his emotions inside b) trying not to fall В 6) Did the story have a happy end? (reading for the main idea) “Oh, yes, I am. I heard him say a hundred and two.” “People don’t die with a temperature of one hundred and two. That’s a silly way lo talk.” “1 know they do. At school in France the boys told me you ean’t live with forty-four degrees. I’ve got a hundred and two.” He had been waiting to die all day, since nine o’clock in the morning. “You poor Schatz,” I said. “It’s like miles and kilometers. You aren’t going to die. That’s a different thermometer. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it’s ninety-eight.” “Oh,” he said and he relaxed slowly. 7) What was the boy’s temperature in Celsius? Use the scale below, (applying background knowledge) Fahrenheit^ = (9/5 °C) -f 32 Celsius^ = 5/9 (°F - 32) The boy was acting very strangely the whole day. В 1) Can you say the boy was brave? Was he concerned for others? Prove it from the story, (reading for detail/understanding cause-effect relations) ^ 2) Why is the stcry called A Day’s Wait? (understanding implied ideas) ^ 3) How did you feel when you had the flu? (relating information to personal experience) V 3. Reader ex. 4. 'Fahrenheit [Taronhail] - термометр Фаренгейта ’Celsius I'selsi3s| - термометр Цельсия Unit 5 Lesson 4 137 Lesson Facts and myths about your health i . Books, newspapers, radio and television give all kinds of information about food and health. Not all of it, however, is accurate information. 1) Look at the pieces of information. What products do you think each piece of information is about? (applying background knowledge) 0) Qatrllc helps to make your heart' strong. _ F 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) protects your teeth. _________ is good for your nerves. _________ makes your bones^ strong. ___________ are good for your muscles^ and skin.'* is good for your eyes. _________ helps to garlic ) 6) Eating only one type of food, such as _________ lose weight. ___________ 7) Some___________can help to lose weight but stay strong and flexible*' without diet or exercise. __________ 1 I ^ carrot ^ bananas herbs c onion 3 138 ‘ a iieart |ha:t| - сердце * a bone - кость ® a muscle - мускул Unit 5 Lesson 5 * skin - кожа ® flexible ('llekisbl] — гибкий D EL 2) Listen and correct your notes if necessary, (listening for specific information) 3) Decide which information is a myth (put the letter M) and which is a scientific fact (put the letter F). (applying background knowledge) Garlic is said to help ... ... is considered to ... ... is known to ... I think this is a myth (a fact), because when you ... you don’t (can) Б1 4) Listen and check, (listening for specific information) ВВЯ EL 2. It is a fact that in order to keep your body healthy you need regular exercise. Why is exercising good for you? Listen to the information and mark the statement with T if it is true, F if it is false or N/s if it is not stated, (listening for specific information) T 0) Exercising can help you to look better. ____ 1) Exercising can help you to feel good. ____ 2) You should do aerobic exercise, strength training and flexibility training. ____ 3) It is necessary to play team sports to get aerobic exercise. ____ 4) To have strong muscles train for 60 minutes every day. ____ 5) Skiing helps to make arms strong. ____ 6) Doing karate is a good way to stay flexible. ____ 7) It is difficult to choose the right type of exercise for you. ____ 8) You should exercise as much as possible. WORD BUILDING Суффиксы существительных -itу, -th flexible ['fleksobl] a — гибкий strong a - крепкий, сильный flexibility [,fleksi'bil3ti] n - ? strength n - 7 active a - активный, деятельный activity n — 7 GS p. 202 Unit 5 139 Lesson 5 L BS »>. Sleep is an important component of health. Listen to the speakers talking about things that may help you to sleep better and> match the statements (A-F) to the speakers (1-5). There is one extra statement that] you do not need to use. (listening for the main idea) Learning tolearn Listening for the main idea/Matching Чтобы успешно справиться с заданиями, в которых требуется определить, какое из высказывании соответствует словам говорящего: • прочитайте инструкцию, в которой говорится о теме разговора, затем прочитайте утверждения и постарайтесь выделить главное в каждом утверждении; • при первом прослушивании отметьте ответы, в которых вы уверены. При этом ~ внимательно слушайте говорящих, но не тратьте много времени на размыш-—ления; • во время паузы подумайте над вопросами, которые вы пропустили; • во время второго прослушивания сосредоточьтесь на оставшихся вопросах, г также проверьте ответы, которые вы уже выбрали; • после окончания прослушивания вам будет дано время, чтобы ещё раз просмотреть свои ответы. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5 A. Do not study all night before the exam. B. Make your room comfortable for sleeping. C. Do not exercise before bed. D. Limit things that make you nervous. E. Wake up with bright light. F. Set a regular bedtime. Speaker 1 2 3 4 ' 1 Advice A What information in this lesson was surprising for you? (expressing personal opinions) Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 5. 140 Unit 5 Lesson 5 Lesson Do you care about your health? 1. Three teenagers Helen, Bob and Kate are talking about their lifestyles. Б! 1) Listen to their stories and guess who is who in the photos. (One photo is extra.) (listening for the main idea) В 2) Do Helen, Bob and Kate care about their health? Helen Swan: I am going to be a supermodel, so how I look is important to me. 1 try not to eat much. I don’t eat junk food. And I try to eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. They are good for the body. Some friends think I am crazy but 1 weigh everything and count calories. I will never smoke. I don’t want to have unhealthy skin and teeth. I would like to be fitter, that is why I have been going to dance classes for a year. But I wouldn’t like to exercise too much because 1 don’t want to look muscular. My friends think I look great. Being healthy for me is being fit and looking good. Kate Walter: I have been exercising and eating healthily all my life, but I am not slim. I am plump and I don’t feel concerned. I have the right weight. I am still growing and my weight may disappear when I grow. I know if you are less than 16, it is dangerous to diet. It is more important to be healthy no matter’ what size you are. I try not to skip meals as some of my friends do to look slimmer. I know some slim girls who do not take regular exercise and I know a lot of people who are not slim but they are sporty and healthy. Feeling good about yourself means being healthy. Bob Murphy: I think people who worry about what they eat are crazy. I never worry about my health. Maybe I will pay more attention to my health when I grow up. When you are a teenager, eating healthily isn’t cool. All my friends 'no matter (what/how/when ...) — не важно (что/как/когда ...); всё равно (что/как/когда ...) Unit 5 Lesson 6 141 eat chips and hamburgers at school. Junk food tastes so nice, 1 want to eat it You may think I am inactive but I don’t have time to exercise. 1 have so nuicb homework to do. 1 know that sleeping enough, eating liealthily and regularly taking regular exercise is a good way to live. But I am not ready to live a healthy lifestyle. Maybe later. My present lifestyle is okay for me. After all* we chooa what way to live. mm 3) Read the opinions and answer the questions. Prove it from the texts. • Why does Helen look great? • What does it mean for Helen to be healthy? • What does Kate look like? • Why is Kate happy with her appearance? • What does it mean for Kate to be healthy? • Why doesn’t Bob worry about his health? • Why does Bob like his lifestyle? S 4) In each opinion there are some sensible and questionable thoughts. What are they according to your point of view? 2* Here are some more opinions. H ^ 1) Whose points of view are they closer to: Helen’s, Kate’s or Bob’s? • * • I Helen could say that ... because she thinks that ... and she ... I Л I worry about what I eat. It is awful because I weigh even less than a girl of my age should weigh, but it’s hard not to worry, it becomes a habit. C Eat senaihly and do a lot of exercise and you don’t need to diet after all. It is hard not to worry about what to eat because everyone wants to be like a i supermodel. I don’t actually have a problem with the way I look. I think it’s what is inside that counts. I don’t feel comfortable exercising in front of other people no matter where I exercise (at school or at the sports club). "There are much more ads for junk food than for healthy food. Healthy food instead of hamburgers and chips should be made to look “cooler”. Then people will eat it. ----- ■ - , - ^ Healthy food doesn’t taste as good as unhealthy food after all. after all - в кондс концов; всё же 142 Unit 5 Lesson 6 WORD BUILDING Суффиксы прилагательных -able, -ible Суффикс наречий -ly sense n - чувство, разум comfort n — комфорт, удобство sensible a — разумный comfortable a — "I sensibly adu — разумно comfortably adv - ? question n - вопрос, сомнение questionable a - ? questionably adv - 7 GS p. 203 ^ 2) What do you think about Helen’s, Kate’s and Bob’s opinions? Whose opinion do you share? ... thinks that .... And I agree with this opinion. There is something in what ... says, because ... I agree with the idea that ... But I can’t agree with ... £ ^ 3) What does being healthy mean to you? newsvote.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/ guides/tech/healthy_living/newsid_2164000/ 2164373.stm As for me, I ..., because ... Besides, ... It means that ... no matter what/how I think people should ... Maybe ... after all. Being healthy for me is ... НГч U What will you do in the following situation? Explain your choice. How can you change the situation? After classes you are short of time. You can: 1) eat in a fast food place and then visit a sports club to do some exercises; 2) buy and cook homemade food. But then you have no time to visit a sports club. What will you choose? Reader ex. S. Unit 5 Lesson 6 143 f i Lesson Do you always understand the instructions? ! It is not easy to understand some instructions. ВЯ 1) What is a British boy David explaining to a Russian girl Kate? (listening fa the main idea) H 2) Read the conversation between David and Kate and find out: • how Kate checks that she has understood. • how Kate asks for more focused' explanation. • what words David uses to give another explanation. Kate: How can I take this medicineV David: Put the medicine from one bag into a curt and fill it with very hot water. Stir until dissolve^ and sweeten if you prefer. Kate: I understand about the cup and water bm could you explain the next thing you said? David: Uh ... You put the medicine in the ho^ water and mix'* it into the water till you see it ha disappeared. Kate: Oh, I see. And can you explain how Щ sweeten the medicine? David: You may make your medicine sweeter witt! sugar for example. Kate: Does that mean I can put honey in it? David: Yes, you may. Iri CITLTURB NOTE Щ I It is not impolite in English to ask for more information about something someone tells you. It also shows that you are trying to understand and that you are interested in what the other person is saying. IL ' focused — точный, ясный * to mix - смешивать 144 Unit 5 Lesson 7 Ш 5 3) What are some other ways to ask for more focused explanation and to check that you have understood? •. ASKING FOR MORE FOCUSED EXPLANATION I understand this, but could you explain (the next/first thing you said)? 1 got what you said about the first part, but 1 didn’t get the next part. Я это понял, но могли бы вы объяснить, что вы сказали в начале? Я понял первую часть, но не понял вторую. CHECKING THAT YOU HAVE UNDERSTOOD : If I’ve understood right, ... Do you mean that -.? Does that mean/Do you mean _.? Did you mean ...? In other words (Right?) I am not sure when (how/where) I should put salt in it. Если я понял правильно ... Вы имеете в виду, что ...? Это значит .~? Вы имеете в виду _.? Вы имели в виду ...? Другими словами ... (Правильно?) Я не уверен, когда (как/где) мне следует положить соль. ^ 4) Replace the phrases in the dialogue by those that fit from above. Act out the conversation. People often ask for focused explanations. How do they do it? Complete the dialogues. — Take 2 tablets with water. Maximum 4 doses a day. — about water but C ) about the doses? — You shouldn’t take more than 4 doses (that means 8 tablets) in a 24-hour period. — Brown the onion in a saucepan. — I should cook the onion till it is brown? — Yes, that’s right. Then mix the eggs with the seasoning. — I understand about the eggs but — I mean you mix the eggs with the herbs. Then you mix all the ingredients together and heat through. — I cook it till it is ready? Right? — Yes, you are right. Unit 5 Lesson 7 145 S- Role play. Here are two instructions for beauty products. You don’t quite understand them. Styling Mousse Directions: Shampoo and dry hair. Sciueeze mousse into hand. Apply from front to back. Style as wanted. . ^ — Pupil^^Card^jj- You don’t quite understand how to use the Green Tea Foot Soak. You begin the conversation. Don’t forget: • to ask for more focused explanation about how to use the Green Tea Foot Soak; • to give explanation of how to use the styling mousse. squeeze = press the can with one's finger apply = put on your hair I Green Tea Foot Soak Directions: Add generous amount to warm water. Soak feet for 5-10 min. Avoid contact with eyes. Can cause eye irritation. i-|Pupil Card^j- You don’t quite understand how to use the styling mousse. Listen to your friend. Don’t forget: • to give explanation of how to use the Green Tea Foot Soak; add generous amount = put enough soak = keep something covered with water cause eye irritation = make eyes hurt • to prepare your questions to ask for more focused explanation about how to use the styling mousse. r.'l Activity Book ex. 1. Reader ex. 7. 146 Unit 5 Lesson 7 i Lessons If you are unhealthy who is responsible for it? «1. It is a fact that children are less healthy now than they were some years ago. S 1) But who is responsible for it? What does Bob think? According to statistics 20% of teenagers in Great Britain have a disease of some kind. But who is responsible^ for it? School certainly should pay more attention to teens' health. Since children have to sit at a desk all day long, they have no time to go out. What's more there are not enough PE lessons at school and, as a result, children are less active. On the other hand, many parents themselves have unhealthy diets. Parents don't have time to cook healthy food because of a lot of work. Consequently, they are not able to teach their children to eat healthily at home. And this results in unhealthy eating habits for their children. However, l don't think it's fair to consider parents, TV, magazines or schools responsible for the fact that children are unhealthy, it's our own choice as to what we eat and how active we are. We — children are very la^ nowadays. If you are unhealthy, the person who is responsible for it is yourself. Bob Vince, 13 В 2) In the composition some words are highlighted. Which of them are used to express reason and which ones to show result? Learning to learn Expressing reason/cause. Showing result/effect ■ Чтобы указать причину, используются следующие слова и фразы: because, because of, since (так как), other causes are ... (другие причины ...). Чтобы подчеркнуть результат, используются выражения: as а result (в результате), consequently rknnsikwontlil (следовательно), which leads to which resulted in ... (что привело к ...), for this reason (no этой причине). I ' responinible [n'spDn.snbl] - ответственный, несущий ответственность Unit 5 Lessons 8-9 147 The composition was written in answer to the following question: Who is responsible for tlie fact that a lot of children are less | healthy nowadays: school, parents or children themselves? I SSL 1) Which of the following arguments may you use to express reason and to show result in your composition? Put them into two groups. reason/cause result/effect • They don’t serve the right food in the school. • Parents give us chips, hamburgers and pizza. • Parents do not exercise themselves. • There’s little time to prepare healthier meals. • They sell only chocolate and cakes at school. • My friend has a disease because of an unhealthy diet. • Children have no good example. • Kids lost interest in keeping themselves fit; they don’t try to eat healthily or exercise. • Parents don’t give their children enough fruit and vegetables. ISL 2) Write the arguments you’ve chosen into groups. Add some more reasons and results. school: not enough healthy food, PE lessons are boring, etc. parents: ... children themselves: ... EL 3) Write your composition using the plan and linking expressions from ex. 1.2). (120-150 words) Introduction write a statement, don’t give reasons Body write some paragraphs in which: • examine all parts of the question • give arguments • show reasons and results • give examples Conclusion: write what you think about the problem sum up your points/ideas 51 Activity Book ex. 1, 2, 3. Reader ex. 8. NEXT LESSON IS A CONSOLIDATION LESSON. (AB p. 70) 148 Unit 5 Lessons 8-9 Lessons Project lessons S SL Choose a project you’d like to do. 1 НОУ\ Btf» what you '^1- \ ^ www.kidshealth.org 1. Write how different products may be good or bad for health. . 2. Make a collage showing the influence of certain products on the body. ' 3. Write captions. tiealthy are my c 1. Make your own surveys about health habits of your classmates. 2. Describe the results of your surveys. 3. Make diagrams showing the results of the surveys. 4. Organise diagrams into a collage. 5. Give captions if necessary. My report 1. Choose a topic for a report. You may choose from the following: • Is it possible to eat healthily in our school? • Do we have enough PE lessons? • Your own topic 2. Write a report and give illustrations. ^ Present your project to your classmates. Answer your classmates’ ques- tions. Use the phrases on pp. 35-36. Щ Discuss your projects and decide which is the best. Use the phrases on pp. 35-36. Unit 5 Lessons 10-11 149 L Lessons Test yourself O. 'O. LISTENING COMPREHENSION (AB-I) READING COMPREHENSION (AB-II) USE OF ENGLISH (GRAMMAR/VOCABULARY) (AB-III) J Ф. SPEAKING J X* Role play. Your school has got some money. The money is enough either to make the school food better or to develop sports clubs. What plan do you support? — Pupil Card lj" Your school may make the school food better or develop sports clubs. Discuss the options and choose ONE you both like most of all. But you want to support the project to make the school food better. You begin the conversation. Remember to: • give reasons; • show the result/effect healthy food; • give examples: • come to an agreement. of eating — Pupil^^Card^^J- Your school may make the school food better or develop sports clubs. Discuss the options and choose ONE you both like most of all. But you want to support the project to develop sports clubs. Listen to your friend. Remember to: • give reasons: • show the result/effect of taking regular exercise: • give examples: • come to an agreement. 150 Unit 5 Lessons 12-13 с. Some people say that physical exercise should be a necessary part of every school day. Other people believe that pupils should spend the \whole day studying Which opinion do you agree with? Remember to say: • why physical activity is important; • what sports can you play at school; • what good things about playing sport are; • what downsides of sport are. You have to talk for 2 minutes. The teacher will listen to you until you have fini.shed. Then he/she will ask you some questions. EL В a o. o. WRITING (AB-IV) CULTURAL AWARENESS (AB-V) NEW WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS FROM UNITS 4 AND 5 Unit 4 Lesson I accurate a balance competitive coordination disciplined figure skating a gym an injury judo to keep fit to lose to master patient (self-)confident speed strong synchronised swimming to take place a technique* tough track and field athletics weightlifting wrestling Lesson 2 as for me to break a record cheerleading* hopeless a sack race* to stand (can’t -) Lesson 3 an end to hold Lesson 4 V. to add* an anthem* a flame* a motto* a participant to participate Lesson 5 blind disabled physical disability a wheelchair Lesson 6 I’d rather Lessons 8-9 as soon as Reader to accuse* an arch* to cheat* a coach* to defend* distinguished* to establish* a goal* a gun* to hit* a judge* to kick* a rope* to shoot* Unit 5 Lessons 12-13 151 Unit 5 Lesson 2 to avoid to ban Lesson 1 fitness* both ... and ... junk food a diet to limit either ... or ... to pay atten- fast food garlic* tion (to) homemade* Lesson 3 inactivity to lead to perfume* neither ... nor ... Lesson 4 obese to die* obesity to go on* overweight to lie* to promote regular miserable* regularity Lesson 5 a sign a bone* to smoke flexible* used to a heart* a variety a muscle* skin* Lesson 6 after all sensible* matter (no -) Lesson 7 focused* to mix Lessons 8-9 consequently cause (other causes are) responsible to result in since Reader addict (u, n)* a canteen* to get rid of* increase (v, n)* movement* to object* overwork* to serve (food)* Answer the questions. 1) Which words are international words? 2) Which words do we use to describe healthy/unhealthy lifestyle? 3) Which words do we use to describe good things about playing sport? 4) How many new words and word combinations from Units 4 and 5 do you know^ Ф. SELF-ASSESSMENT (AB-VI) 152 Unit 5 Lessons 12-13 0. ; :vc> ' ^a. o LLjp^ Vj-V ^ Ч. 1 L 154 Lesson 1 X. Vocabulary, in Britain, during the 1950s fashion was becoming more and mot» focused on young people and teenagers. 1) Read the text and look at the photos which show fashion in different periods of time. Do the photos illustrate each period correctly? In the 1950s young women and teenage girls enjoyed wearing puffy skirts. TighI trousers or jeans with oversized jumpers were in fashion for both teenage girls and boys. Before the 1960s young women and teenage girls used to wear stockings. In the period from I960 to 1967 the miniskirt and tights appeared and both young wojnen and teenage girls got used to wearing tights instead of stockings. To keep up to date with fashion they also wore baby doll dresses with high boots. Black polo-neck sweaters became popular thanks to the Beatles.* Jeans were also very popular and denim was used even for shirts, jackets and hats. Fashion was becoming more and more universal for girls and boys. In the period from the late 1960s to the 1970s individuality was above all. Tlie ethnic style came into fashion together with hippies.* Clothes were often customised with embroidery. In 1969 the maxi was introduced. As to footwear young men and women wore platform shoes. In the early 1970s “flares” and “bags” came into fashion. From 1975 narrow and straight trousers l^ecame trendy again. Women started wearing trouser suits. During the mid-1970s the punk* style appeared but soon in the late 1970s sportswear came into fashion. In the 1980« broad-shouldered shirts and jackets became trendy. Tracksuits, leggings and trainers became universal uniform that men and women of all ages wore. In the 1990s young people enjoyed wearing clothes in different styles — from miniskirts, flares and platforms to the punk, hippie and ethnic styles and some others. Club wear, street wear and sportswear are the three main tendencies in young fashions in Britain today. What will “the latest craze” be tomorrow? . fv The 1950s ' The 1960s Unit 6 Lesson 1 Q ixid./ They used denim for shirts. ... использовали ... Denim was used for shirts. ... использовалась ... They used to wear denim shirts. ... носили (имели обыкновение носить) ... They got used to wearing denim shirts. ... привыкли ... puffy ['рлГ|| — пышный tight [tait] - облегающий tights - колготы to keep up to date with fashion — следовать моде a pinafore ['pinafo:) — сарафан a polo-neck sweater — водолазка denim ('denim) — джинсовая ткань to customise f'kAStamaiz] - вносить изменения по своему усмотрению, украшать embroidery [im'broidori] - вышивка as to — относительно, что касается flares - расклешенные брюки bags — брюки, широкие по всей длине trendy - модный the latest craze - последний «писк» моды Words to guess to come into fashion - ? to go out of fashion — ? oversized a - ? footwear n - ? club wear n - ? street wear n — 7 a trouser suit n — 7 platform n — 7; - shoes — ? leggings n - 7 a tendency n — 7 SB 2) What clothes did young people wear in Britain in different periods of time? What were the clothes like? Copy the word web and fill it in. Fashions Style Clothes/Pieces of clothing Footwear ^ iaad./ clothes |'kl3u6zj n plural одежда clothing f'klaodinl n uncountable одежда; a piece of ~ предмет одежды The 1980s The 1990s Lesson 1 155 3) Name the pieces of clothing and footwear in the photos. S 4) Read through the text again and answer the following questions. • What was in fashion for girls in the 1950s? • What pieces of clothing came into fashion for girls in the 1960s? • What pieces of clothing were trendy for young men in the 1960s? • What did people do with their clothes to look trendy in the late 1960s and in the mid-1970s? • In what period did people follow the hippie style? • What kind of footwear did people use to wear in the early 1970s? • What did people wear to keep up to date with fashion in the 1970s?^|A • In what period of time was sportswear in fashion? м ■ • When did shoulder-padded jackets go out (of fashion)? • Are leggings in or out of fashion today? ^ 2. Fashion is changing all the time. 1) What is in and out of fashion at the present moment? I think that I know for sure that It seems to me that I don’t think that is/are trendy nowadays, came into fashion again, became popular/trendy again, is/are in fashion today, is/are worn by ... nowadays, is/are out of fashion now. 2) What pieces of clothing do/don’t you want to have in your wardrobe? I’d like to have ... I think I will also have ... and ... They/It seem(s) ... Most of all I dislike ... I don’t think I will ever put on ... They/It look(s) ... nowadays. A ^ In your culture. In different periods in our country young people tried to follow main European fashion tendencies. What do you know about the clothes your family members used to wear in different periods of time? Cj ^ ^ Activity Book ex. 1,2,3. Reader ex. 1. www.museumofcostume.co.uk/collections/british_fashion.aspx 156 Unit 6 Lesson 1 Lesson What do you know about street wear? 1. Vocabulary. Clothes can tell us a lot about people. Hippies or punks, for example can easily be recognised. D В 1) OrOUp work. Choose the statements that fit to describe punks and hippies. Use the Word Box to learn the meaning of the highlighted words. enjoy wearing ethnic jewellery like rings and bracelets like having tattoos and piercing enjoy wearing flares wear sandals or walk barefoot have brightly coloured hair wear untidy and ripped clothes wear black tight trousers and Doc Martens boots* customise their leather jackets with safety pins ^ wear cheesecloth blouses customised with embroidery jewellery 1'фл:о1п] - ювелирные украшения barefoot — босиком leather — колса a safety pin — булавка cheesecloth — марля; a - blouse блуза из марли, «марлёвка» Words to guess j a head - голова a band - лента, повязка a headband - ? (brightly) coloured hair - ярко окрашенные волосы ripped jeans - рваные джинсы ^ XTid.! Unit 6 Lesson 2 157 I i E9 2) Listen to the stories about hippies and punks to check your work. EL 3) Add the new words to the word web (Lesson 1 ex. 1.2). I rq 4) Do the punk or hippie styles attract you? What do you think about these styles? I (don’t) think it is nice comfortable cool silly (un)healthy dangerous beautiful I have (never) worn/had/customised ... with/... I think I will (never) put on/wear/have/customise to wear ... to have ... to customise ... to have piercing/tattoos to walk ... to have on ... to put on ... with/... S ^ ES 5) Today in Britain there are young people who call themselves moshers * What clothes do moshers wear? What do they look like? Say and then listen to check. 2. Normally in the UK teenagers prefer wearing casual clothes. 1) What the UK teenagers do not wear every day? What do you think? (See ex. 1.1).) S 2) What do the UK teenagers usually wear? Read the text, using the words instead of pictures. Clothes are very important to British teenagers. Many love to shop for the latest fashions. When teenagers are relaxing at home or out meeting w'ith their friends, they wear casual^ clothes like 49» t Special clothes for different seasons include heavy and for ^old windy weather and ^ coals and for raincoats rainy weather. Footwear can be from to leather 158 ^ casual |'кгсзиэ11 - повседненный Unit 6 Lesson 2 J Girls also wear anything from to and ^ЯП with heels or with- out. Wlien they are at school, most children have to wear a uniform. Britain is a muliicullural state and in certain cities one can find young people wearing ethnic clothes. S 3) What do you think the US teenagers wear? Replace the British English words with the American English words in the text. Make the necessary changes. ^ 4) What do your family members usually wear in different seasons? I BE trousers jumper/pullover/ sweater trainers polo-neck sweater 0 i:nd./ AE pants sweater sneakers turtleneck sweater -d. No doubl, there is something special in your hometown teenage fashion. ^1) What do you and your friends usually wear when you are at home and out? Clothes are (not) very important for ... At school ... When I am relaxing at home I ... When 1 am out meeting with my friends 1 ... My clothes for special occasions include ... Footwear can be ... As to my friends, ... ^ 2) What’s coot among young people in your hometown? Does everyone care? What is the latest craze? Among' young people in my hometown ... is/are in fashion now. ... is/are becoming more and more popular. Besides, ... is/are trendy as well. Almost everyone has/wears ... ... are also really cool. ... is the latest thing for girls/boys. The biggest trend in our class is to wear ... But the latest craze is ... IS Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 2. WWW.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Hippie+Punk ' among (s'lTiAjr)] - среди Unit 6 159 Lesson 2 Lesson If I went to Britain ... 1.. When people travel they try to buy souvenirs to remember about the places they visit H 1) What countries do Kirill from Russia, Jessica and her mother from Britain want to visit? If I went to Britain, I would choose the tartan.* I know that the tartan is used for making kilts.* If my mum and I visited Russia, we would buy some Russian-style things. 2) What would Kirill, Jessica and her mother choose as souvenirs if they went abroad? Что бы выбрали Кирилл, Джессика и ее мама в качестве сувениров, если бы они поехали за границу? 3) What verb forms are used to talk about imaginary situations? Read the rule to check. СгйтГПОГ in focus Second Conditional Сослагательное наклонение Когда гиы говорим о действиях или событиях, которые могли бы произойти в настоящем или в будущем, мы используем сослагательное наклонение (Second Conditional). В придаточном предложении с союзом if сказуемое обычно используется в Past Tenses, в главном предложении используется would + неопределённая форма смыслового глагола: If I were/was а tourist in my own country, I would buy (I’d buy) a tartan kilt. Если бы я был туристом в своей стране, я бы купил килт. If my mum went to Britain, she would bring me back a birthday present. Если бы моя мама поехала в Британию, она привезла бы мне подарок ко дню рождения. If they could, they would go to Britain, but they can’t afford it. Если бы они могли, они бы поехали в Британию, но у них нет возможности. GS р. 197, АВ ех. 1 160 Unit 6 Lesson 3 2. These are some typically British things which foreign tourists sometimes buy as souvenirs in the UK. Si) What are the souvenirs like? ______ _____________________ _______ • The tam-o’-shanter cap* | ft ^ • The boater* • The brogues* • The deerstalker* • The glengarry* • The top hat* • A teapot from the famous Tea House* in London Tf I were in Scotland, I would buy a tam-o’-shanter cap. 2) Which of the things would you or your family members buy if you/they were on a visit to the UK? she would buy ... for Dad. I would buy ... I would choo.se ... as a souvenir. ------. - - - - « If my Mum were in England now, *• woidd send me ... If my sister went to Britain, *• would choose ... for me. If my Dad wanted to buy a souvenir, *• wovdd think of buying ... If I could buy a new piece of clothing, *• ^^ey would buy ... If my Mum wanted to bring me a present, would ... if my pen friend lived in the UK, *, If my grandparents could go to London, If I were travelling in the Highlands now, • 3. Advertisements tell us about different things and help people to make the right choice, S 1) Read some ads and say what clothes and footwear they are about and what is special about them. Look cool in this trendy shirt for only £12J Funky jewellery for beautiful girls for £81 Щ Blouses vvith embroidery ■ for £101 'funky - оригинальный, забгшыый Unit 6 Lesson 3 161 № If... \ох о' ШГц 2) Imagine you are in the UK. You’ve got £100. You want to buy some presents for your relatives and friends Look through the things on pp. 161-162 and make a choice. What would happen if you bought some of these things? If my sister got a brightly coloured cardigan (as a present), she would be happy. get ... dress in ... get dressed in ... dress up in ... have on ... put on ... appear in ... come to school/in try on ... she he they everybody people around be happy, be surprised. keep up to date with fashion. stand for a long time in front of ’ a mirror. look gorgeous.' think ... is crazy/trendy/... . say “...”! Q ixid/ to dress/to get dressed - одеваться to put on (sth) phr V - надевать (что-л.) to dress oneself - одеться to have on (sth) phr v - быть одетым (во что-л.) to dress up phr v - (при)нарядиться| to wear - быть одетым, носить одежду и т. п. •А. Imagine the situation when you could go back in time to wherever you like. В 1) Listen to Jane and Kevin first. What time and place would they like to travel back to and why? (listening for detail) ^ 2) What time would YOU like to travel back to? Why? Think and talk about it m terms of clothes and fashion. ^'5 3* ОвТПб. “What would you do if ...?” 6. Activity Book ex. 2, 3. Reader ex. 3. ' gorgeous ['gnic^ssl - великолепный, прекрасный 162 Unit 6 Lesson 3 Lesson I wish I could wear jeans to school! 1. The English love uniforms. There are certain uniforms on different occasions. In normal life there is also a tradition of uniform. S 1) What uniforms are these British teenagers talking about? I wish I could wear the dark blue helmet and the uniform of a police officer I wish rny Mum had one of those funky hats that ladies wear at the Royal Ascot race* meeting on Ladies’ Day!* D I wish they would ban making busbies* of bearskinl S 2) What do the teenagers wish for? What do they regret'? 3) What verb forms do the teenagers use to express their wishes and regrets? 3 ’ to regret In'grct) сожалеть (о чём-л.) Unit 6 Lesson 4 163 ' i I wish ... Когда мы говорим о нереальных желаниях или сожалеем о чём-либо, мы используем сложноподчинённые предложения с глаголом wish в главном предложении и глаголом в Past Tenses в придаточном предложении для выражения настоящего или будущего времени. I wish I were rich (now). Как мне хотелось бы быть богатым (сейчас). Жаль, что я не богат. They wish they could go to Britain this year. Им хотелось бы иметь возможность поехать в Британию в этом году. В том случае, когда мы выражаем неудовольствие в связи с тем, что кто-либо поступает не так или что-то происходит вопреки нашим желаниям, мы используем в придаточном предложении would + неопределённая форма смыслового глагола I wish they would not ban miniskirts at school. Было бы хорошо, если бы в школе не запрещали мини-юбки. I wish they would come in time. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы они приходили вовремя. GS рр. 197-198 шт 2. What unreal wishes and regrets do some British teenagers have? Translate what they say. I wish I could wear a punk* hairstyle at school! I wish I could wear a punk hairstyle at school, too! Or 1 don’t think 1 can share this wish. '••••••«•••••••••••a*»»**»*»*»******»***.**...»*.»»»»»».*»**»*»*»**.»*.***»».***»»**** • I wish I could try on the Beefeater* uniform one day. • T wish I could go to Britain to look the clothes people of different ethnic groups, living in Britain, wear. • I wish the Royal Coachman* would have some other uniform! • I wish my brother wouldn’t work in that shop. Their uniform is the most ridiculous^ piece of clothing I have ever seen! • I wish trendy clothes would not be so expensive! • My Granny wishes that leggings would come back again! But they are awful! • My Mum wishes that the mini would never come into fashion again. 164 ridiculous In'dikjulosl — нелепый, смехотворный Unit 6 Lesson 4 шт s. Most British teenagers have to wear a school uniform. What are some of the teenagers’ wishes and regrets concerning their school uniform? Teachers tell us what to wear to school. I don’t have a choice! I wish teachers would not tell us what to wear to school! I wish I had a choice! In our school girls can’t wear high heels. It’s unfair. In my school pupils can’t have jewellery on. Why? Girls have to wear trousers instead of skirts in our school. Pupils don’t choose what clothes to wear as a school uniform. According to our school dress code girls have to wear skirts in winter. They don’t understand: we are cold! The boys’ uniform in our school is rather dull. Teachers, think of something more optimistic for us. Please! Flares are banned in our school! Why? They are not “dangerous” at all! 4. People dream about different things even if their dreams could hardly come true. Sometimes people’s dreams are connected with money. Б1 1) What would Alec do with lots of money if he had it? (listening for detail) ГЗ 2) Pair work. What would you do if you had a lot of money? Pupil 1 I wish I ... lots of money. If I had, for example ... I would ... What would you do with the money if you Pupil 2 It depends. Would you If I 9 S. There may be something you don't like about yourself or people around you. What would you like to change in your life for the better? On the whole But ... I wish ... If I ... Besides, I wish Also, ... would Q 6» Activity Book ex. 1, 2. Reader ex. 5. Unit 6 165 Lesson 4 г L Lesson у wears ■•fi r I JJ-Л •V L. You are going to read a short extract from the book Boy by Roald Dahl The book is i about the author’s childhood and school years 5^1) Look at the picture, read the captions and say what occasion Roald Dahl got dressed for. (anticipating) 166 1 still feel an ass.‘ I feel like an undertaker’s apprentice in a funeral parlour.^ I’ll look like an idiot. It was the most ridiculous piece of clothing I had ever seen. Nobody wears things like that. Two hundred years ago their clothes were even more eccen trie than they are today. Nobody’s going to pay any attention to you! lie can’t go out in those. He’ll be arreftled by the police. * to fed an ass - чунствовать себя глупо, пеловко an undertaker’s apprenti«'e in a funeral parlour - подмастерье в похоронном бю|ю Unit 6 Lesson 5 • Ё1 2) Look at the pictures and match the Russian words with the pictures and cap-j tions. (guessing meaning) frills on the sleeves подтяжки • оборки на рукавах • фрак соломенная шляпа с чёрно-синей лептой вокруг • парик жилет с двумя маленькими карманами • съёмный воротник брюки из ткани в тонкую светло-серую полоску • блейзер (пиджак) Ш Гч 3) Read the story, look at the pictures again and say which pieces of clothing were parts of Roald Dahl’s school uniform and which were not. (reading for detail) 1 was exactly thirteen in September 1929 when the time came for me to go to school to Repton.* I had first of all to get dressed. I had been to London with my mother the week before to buy the school clothes, and 1 remember how shocked I was when I saw the clothes I was expected to wear. And now this amazing fancy dress was there on my bed. “Put it on,” my mother said. “Hurry up or you’ll miss the train.” “I’ll look like an idiot,” I said. My mother went out of the room and left me to it. I began to dress myself. First there was a white shirt with a detachable white collar. Around the white collar. I tied a black tie. Then came tlie trousers and the braces. The trousers were black with thin grey pin-striped lines. I buttoned the braces on to the trousers, six buttons in all. Then I put on the trousers with the braces and a new pair of black shoes. Now for the waistcoat. This was also black and it had twelve buttons and two little waistcoat pockets. I put it on and did up the buttons. All this was bad enough for a boy who had luwer before worn anything more elaborate than a pair WORD BUILDING a button — to button - ? a tie — to tie - ? (пуговица) GS p. 203 Unit 6 167 Lesson 5 of shorts and a blazer. Then I put on the jacket. The jacket wasn’t actually a jacket, it was a sort of a tailcoat. No doubt, it was the most ridiculous piece of clothing I had ever seen. In the front there was one button and from this button downwards, the lines of the coat separated, forming a pair of “tails”. I put the thing on and did up the front button. Feeling like an undertaker’s apprentice in a funeral parlour, I walked downstairs. My sisters fell all over the room laughing when I appeared. “He can’t go out in those!” they cried. “He’ll be arrested by the police!” “Put your hat on,” my mother said, giving me a straw liat with a blue and black band around it. I put it on and did my best’ to look dig nified.^ “Nobody’s going to pay any attention to you,” my mother said as w walked through Bexley High Street. And to my surprise, nobody was. “I have learnt one thing about England,” my mother went on. “It is a country where men love to wear uniforms and eccentric clothes. Two hundred years ago their clothes were even more eccentric than they are today. You can consider yourself lucky, you don’t have to wear a wig on your head and frills on your sleeves.” “I still feel an ass,” I said. “Everyone who looks at you,” my mother said, “knows that you are going away to a Public School. AJl English public schools have their own different crazy uniforms. People will be thinking how lucky you are to be going to one of those famous places.” В El 4) What order did Roald get dressed in? Write out the names of the pieces of clothing in the order they were put on. (reading for specific information/making notes) Ш 5) Leerning' to translate, which of the following statements are true and which are false according to the text? Translate the statements, (understanding grammar structures with the infinitive of purpose) (GS p. 191) I did iny best to look dignified. , Я старался изо всех сил, чтобы выглядеть достойно. 1. Roald and his mother went to London to buy the school clothes. 2. Roald’s mother went out of the room to give her son an opportunity to get dressed. 3. Roald put a shirt and took a black tie to tie it around the collar. 4. Then he took the waistcoat to put it on over the shirt. 5. He put on the jacket to show how amazing his new school uniform was. 6. In his new outfit Roald walked downstairs to make his sisters laugh. 7. Downstairs mother waited for Roald to give him a new straw hat. 8. Roald walked slowly through Bexley High Street to show everyone that he was going to one of the most famous English public schools. l О ^ 6) Find in the story the words which describe “the school clothes”. What emotions do the words suggest? ^ Ш 7) How did Roald’s mother try to comfort her son? Was Roald’s mother I English by origin or not? Prove your opinion from the text. Reader ex. 4. ' to do one’s best - сделать все возможное ^ dignified |'dignifaid| - облалаюпгий чувством собственного достоинства 168 Unit 6 Lesson 5 Lesson Who are more interested in fashion — girls or boys? I Ik Cathy and James were asked some questions about their favourite clothes. ^ 1) Look at the clothes Cathy and James are wearing and say what they could answer to the following question: What kind of clothes do you like to wear most of all? (anticipating) Ш 2) Listen to the interview and tick each teenager’s answers to the questions, (listening for specific information) 1 What kind of clothes do you like to wear most of all? Names/clothes T-shirt jeans trainers jewel- lery top leather jacket jumper shorts Cathy James 2 What was the last piece of clothing you bought? 1 Names/clothes ^ripped jeans 1 ^ ^ black ‘ T-shirts cardigan braceLt ^ P’p®'' Cathy James Unit 6 Lesson 6 169 3 What are your favourite shops? Names/clothes Marks and Spencer* Traid* Warehouse* Tammy* Miss Sixty* Topshop* ■ 1 Cathy 1 James 3) Listen to the questions again and answer them. "Who are more interested in fashion - girls or boys?" is the topic of the talk show the extract from which you are going to listen to. Й 1) Who are more interested in fashion — boys or girls? What did the participants of the show say? What do you think? (anticipating) ва 2) Listen to the talk show participants and tick in the chart below the numbers of the speakers who think that gids/boys are more interested in fashion, (listening for the main idea) Girls Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Spt>aker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5 Speaker 6 Speaker 7 Speaker! * 1 Boys Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5 Speaker 6 Speaker 7 Speaker 8 1 S 3) Look through the arguments below. Which of them could the talk show participants give to prove that boys are more interested in fashion than giris? * шл. Activity Book ex. 1. ' to show off phr V - красоваться (перед кем-л.) 170 Unit 6 Lesson 6 a) do their hair carefully and use gel b) spend more time in front of a mirror c) get more interested in clothas and shopping d) enjoy choosing their clothes e) show off’ in their smart clothes before girls f) are always out buying clothes and shoes g) wear jewellery and colour their hair h) spend a lot of time on their appearance i) try to keep up with fashion and look cool j) like talking about what other boys and girls wear k) have a lot of clothes in their wardrobes ва 4) Listen to the talk again and circle the letters of the arguments you’ve heard, (listening for specific information) m 5) Which opinion do you share? Express your own point of view on the problem, (expressing personal opinion) Lesson Is fashion important for you? (^Tracey Ponsfordj Young people in Britain and in Russia have different opinions on fashion. Q 1) Phil, Tracey and Katya are exchanging their opinions on clothes and fashion. Do they care what they wear? Is fashion important for all of them? (listening for the main idea) S 2) Read through the texts and answer the questions after the texts. Tracey Ponsford: All my classmates say that I’m trendy. Yes, I am! I enjoy wearing trendy clothes. I love looking cool and attractive. It’s very inifxirtant to know what is in fashion at the present moment. I like shopping and spend hours choosing clothes that suit me. My classmates say that I am interested in fashion too much, but it’s not very bad, is it? Sometimes I can appear in something really gorgeous. Wlien you are up with the latest fashions you feel you are an individual. If I could, I would wear different pieces of clothing every day. I wish I had lots of money to do that. Phil Slager: I don’t care what I wear. More than that I don’t care what other people wear. My mum buys second hand clothes for me. Sometimes we have to shop in charity shops. Why not? Not all people can afford to be up-to-date with the latest fashions. I prefer casual things like jeans, T-shirts, sweaters or sportswear. My brother’s friends enjoy crazy hairstyles, tattoos and piercing. I wish my brother wouldn’t do that but he doesn’t listen. He says that they express their individuality. I don’t know if they are right or not but I’d rather wear what I got used to wear. Katya Guseva: Everyone in my class is really trendy. They spend a lot of time talking about clothes they’ve bought or want to buy. Some of my friends think that I’m boring and wear unfashionable things. To tell the truth fashion is not very important for me. Fashion comes and goes. Looking just clean and neat is more important than looking trendy, isn’t it? I prefer clothes which I feel comfortable in. I’m sure that you must feel good in what you wear and that is all. If I had a lot of money, 1 would buy clothes which would never go out of fashion, or I’d rather buy some good book. Katya Guseva Unit 6 Lesson 7 171 • What clothes does Tracey wear? • Why is fashion important for Tracey? • What does Tracey like about clothes? • What does Tracey dream about? • What clothes does Phil prefer wearing? • What is it that Phil doesn’t like about his brotlier and his friends? • What is more important for Katya than being up-to-date with the latest fashions? • What clothes does Katya prefer? Why? Б 3) Which of the teenagers’ opinions do you share? ^ H 4) Look at the pictures and say which pieces of clothing belong to Phil, Tracey and Katya. Why? Prove your opinion from the texts. 172 Unit 6 Lesson 7 ^ 5) Which of these pieces of clothing might be in your wardrobe? BBS 6) Listen to the poem Sneakers. What is the author’s point of view on fashion? D 7) Listen to some other points of view on the problem and say which of them support(s) Phil’s, Tracey’s or Katya’s opinions and which don’t? Explain why. 6 2. What is your opinion on fashion? Choose from the suggestions below. Fashion is important! I don’t care what 1 wear. Clothes do not make the man but • As far as ... • To many, • To tell the truth ... As to Besides I (don’t) like it when ... • I’d rather ... than 1 (don’t) think that ... • 1 enjoy ... I wish ... • I’m sure that ... • If ... It’s (more) important ... • More than that .. 3. In your culture. This is what the teenagers who live in big cities think of fashion. S 1) Read the statistics below. Do you think that the statistics about teenagers’ opinions on fashion in your hometown might be the same? 7.6% of teenagers do not care about fashion tendencies. 42% of teenagers cannot afford to be up-to-date with the fashion. 5.6% of teenagers are crazy about the latest fashion tendencies. 35% try to follow fashion. 60% try to look neat and clean no matter what is in I'ashion at the moment. 2) Make up questions to get similar information from your classmates. Make a survey and compare the results. 4. Reader ex. 6. Unit 6 Lesson 7 173 L Lesson “You look fine!” Thank you.” U i . In British culture as well as in any other culture people use certain rules of complimenting, for example. Q 1) Listen to the conversation between two friends, Nancy and Jessica. Say which of the items below Nancy is complimenting Jessica on. (listening for the main idea) appearance • personality • family members • abilities • meals things she has got • clothes/things she has made on her own her manners and behaviour В 2) Read the conversation and find out: • how Nancy shows she likes Jessica’s dress; • how Jessica responds' to Nancy’s compliment; • how Nancy shows she likes how Jessica looks; • how Nancy compliments on Jessica’s mum’s choice. Nancy: What a funky dress, Jessica! Jessica: Thank you! Do you like it? Nancy: Yes, you look smart in it! Is it new? Jessica: Yes, my mum bought it for me as a birthday present. Nancy: Oh, how clever of her! 3) What rules of giving and receiving compliments are there in Great Britain? CULTURE MOTE -f- In Britain people usually compliment on the things they like about the people they are talking to. They also expect to hear “Thank you!" in response to a compliment. Besides, they add something to support the conversation. In Britain people usually do not disagree with compliments. Sometimes they compliment in return.^ Most people in Britain are used to paying big compliments even if they are describing everyday objects and events. Too many compliments may be considered as insincerity.^ But not enough compliments may be considered as a sign of dislike. ' to re.spond |ri'spnncl| 1) отвепать 2) делать что-л. в ответ * in return - взамен •’ insincerity l,msin'seniti| - неиск1>енно1;ть 174 Unit 6 Lesson 8 L i Й 4) In your culture. What rules of complimenting in your country do you know? Read out the rules which are typical of your country. Which of the items from ex. 1.1) do you usually compliment on? S 5) Look through some other ways of complimenting and responding to compliments. •• COMPLIMENTING ..ON SOMEONE’S CLOTHES What a beautiful dress! (It matches your eyes very well!) That’s a (very) nice polo-neck sweater! (It fits you!) Those are smart jeans (you are wearing)! Your puffy skirt fits you very well. КОМПЛИМЕНТЫ no ПОВОДУ ОДЕЖДЫ The trouser suit is super! .• COMPLIMENTING •. ON SOMEONE’S APPEARANCE / I like/lovc the hairstyle! Wow! You look/’re looking great! : RESPONDING TO COMPLIMENTS : Thank you./Oh, thanks! (Oh, good,) I’m glad you think so. I'm glad you like my hairstyle. You look/are looking very good yourself. Какое красивое платье! (Оно так подходит к цвету твоих глаз!) Как^ш (у тебя) отличная водолазка! (Она тебе идёт!) Какие отличные на тебе джинсы! Твоя пышная юбка хорошо на тебе сидит. Твой брючный костюм просто супер! ■ КОМПЛИМЕНТЫ................ *•. ПО ПОВОДУ ВНЕШНОСТИ ; • • Мне нравится твоя причёска! О! Ты отлично выглядишь! : ОТВЕТЫ НА КОМПЛИМЕНТЫ : • • • • Спасибо!/Ой, спасибо большое. Ой, как я рад(а), что ты так думаешь. Я рад(а), что тебе нравится моя причёска. Ты сам(а) тоже хорошо выглядишь! to suit — подходить, быть к лицу to match —/ подходить по качеству, цвету, дизайну to fit — подходить по размеру ш т 6) Replace the expressions in the conversation (ex. 1.2) with those that fit. Act out the conversation. Щ 2. Take a good look at the photos of people in Unit 6. What would you say about their clothes? Compliment on their appearance and the pieces of clothing they are wearing. ^ 2. There is always something we can compliment people on. Walk round the classroom and think of something nice to say to everyone you meet. * ^ Activity Book ex. 1. Unit 6 Lesson 8 j — h 175 Lessons Is shopping cool? 1* Sometimes you have to go shopping for clothes whether you like it or not. Here is Jane’s composition about shopping with mum. Б 1) Does Jane like shopping on her own or with her mum? Shopping is fun? I like shopping on my own but more often I go shopping with mum. Shopping with mum hus many advantages. Firstly, your pocket money is not enough for buying clothes: it is mum who has got the money. Secondly, while choosing clothes you will need someone's advice, why not take mum's, for example? Thirdly, with mum's shopping experience you have more chances to get the right thing. More than that, you can analyse your buys along the way and ask for advice about what matches what And finally, you can ask mum to buy something else beside what you've planned. However, shopping with mum has some disadvantages. First of all, your tastes differ you like one thing and your mum likes something absolutely different, so you can't do without arguing. Besides, you can't ignore your mother's opinion, even if you do not agree. Also, you'll have to waste a lot of time and energy on talking your mum into^ buying a piece of clothing she does not like at all. Although there are some disadvantages of shopping with mum I like to do it because I feel more comfortable and happier when I buy and wear clothes we both like. WORD BUILDING an advantage - преимущество GS p. 201 a disadvantage - недостаток В 2) Read through the composition again and say according to which of the two plans below it is written. 1. Introduction I. Introduction Statements Statements II. Body II. Body Advantages Advantages and arguments Disadvantages Disadvantages and arguments III. Conclusion III. Conclusion Giving one’s opinion Giving one’s opinion and reasons 176 ' to talk sb into doing .sth p/ir v - убеждать, уговаривать кого-л. сделать что-л. Unit 6 Lessons 9-10 в 3) What arguments does Jane give when she talks about the advantages of shopping with her mother? Which words does Jane use to introduce the arguments? Learning to learn Giving arguments Когда мы приводим несколько аргументов для того, чтобы поддержать свою точку зрения, мы используем вводные слова: firstly (во-первых), secondly (во-вторых), thirdly (в-третьих), finally (и наконец). Для того чтобы перечислить аргументы, можно использовать такие слова, как first of all, also, besides, more than that. В 4) What arguments does Jane give when she talks about the disadvantages of shopping with her mother? Which words does Jane use to introduce the arguments? S 5) Choose one of the plans in ex. 1.2) and write your own composition on the same topic. (150-180 words) Ten thousand British CBBC* website users took part in the vote for and against wearing a school uniform. More than 36% of users said that a school uniform was cool. mm 1) What do you think of wearing a school uniform? Look through the notes about the advantages and disadvantages of wearing a school uniform. Do you agree with these arguments? Would you like to add something? keeps pupils tidy • helps to focus on learning • doesn’t give a choice ' saves a lot of time and money • you don’t look cool (not) everyone can afford it • you can (cannot) customise your uniform you can’t keep up-to-date with fashion you can put on some jewellery to look smart cannot be liked by everyone • (can’t) feel good in the uniform you can/cannot express your individuality you can/cannot wear clothes you like democratic: no competition among pupils N______________________________________________________________________________________✓ Bi 2) Write a composition about the advantages and disadvantages of wearing a school uniform. (150-180 words) Activity Book ex. 1. NEXT LESSON IS A CONSOLIDATION LESSON. (AB p. 91) Unit 6 Lessons 9-10 \ 177 Lessons Project lessons El .X» Choose a project you would like to do. r yto>w to dress ^-j VO a school party Write about what you would wear to a school party. Explain your choice (give arguments and examples). Write a few pieces of advice for boys/girls who are going to a school party. Illustrate your project with some pictures or photos. Project 2 178 www.russianfashionweek.com come from Choose some traditional Russian items of clothing that could come out of Russia into the international fashion world. Find some information about these items and describe three most typical and impressive ones. Illustrate your project with some pictures, photos or pieces of clothing. Unit 6 Lessons 11-12 Project 3 cool school unifojjjjj Describe a uniform for your school or for your class. Describe your new look and evaluate it. Develop some ideas for a dress code. Illustrate your project with some pictures or photos. 3* Present your project and answer your classmates’ questions. Explain your ideas and choices. Use the phrases on pp. 35-36. Щ 3. Discuss your projects and decide which is the best. Unit 6 179 Lessons 11-12 t j f % a » — an underground railway station, used to l>e called Trafalgar Square.* The station now called Embankment, south of the main line, was earlier called Charing Cross. 206 Linguistic and cultural guide cheerleading f'tri3,li:dir)] y^iacxne в группе поддержки — a physical activity, sometimes a competitive sport which includes cheering (подбадривание), chanting (скандирование), and dancing in support of a sports team at matches in the US and elsewhere. It started at the University of Minnesota in the US. Children on the Edge [,tJ]ldron on di 'ccl^l «Дети на грани» — a charity organisation, founded in 1990 by Anita Roddick, the founder of The Body Shop,* to help Romania’s orphans (сироты). This project now rims various programmes worldwide, focusing on child development and medical care. Chinatown ('tfainotaunl китайский квартал — an area in a city where there are Chinese restaurants and shops, and where a lot of Chinese people live. Chinese New Year, the f,tfai'ni:7. ,njii: 'jiaj китайский Новый год — an ethnic holiday, that is celebrated in early February in China and wherever Chinese people live. It’s associated with a colourful parade. At the parade people dance carrying huge cloth dragons and playing drums and gongs. Churchill, Sir Winston I'tjartjil, sv. 'wmstonl cap Уиистон Черчилль (1874-1965) — a British statesman, who held several ministerial posts between 1911 and 1929. After warning of the threat (угрозы) of German military expansion in the 1930s, he became First Lord of the Admiralty, and then Conservative Party Prime Minister and war leader in May 1940. A powerful orator, he symbolized British resistance (сопротивление) during the war, and served until 1945, when he was defeated (потерпел поражение) in the general election. He served again as Prime Minister from 1951 to 1955. He also wrote several books of history, and was awarded the Nobel Prize* for literature. Congi'ess I'knijgres] Конгресс — the law-making body (законодательный орган) of the USA, consisting the Senate and the House of Representatives (Палата предстгшитслей). Coronation Day [,когэ'пс1|эп ,clei] День коронации — 2 June 1953 is the day when Queen Elizabeth II* was crowned, now it is an annual celebration. county f'kaunti] графство — an area of a state or countiy that has its own government (управление, правительство) to deal with local matters. cricket I'krikit] крикет — an outdoor game, popular in Britain, played in summer with a small ball covered with red leather (колеей), a bat (бита) and wickets (воротца) by two teams of 11 players each, usually dressed all in white. Dahl, Roald ('du;l,'mupidj Роалд Дал (19161990) — a famous British writer. He was born in 1916 of Norwegian parents. He served as a fighter pilot in World War II, and his first short stories Over la You were based on his wartime experiences. He is known especially for his very popular children’s books such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach and his autobiographical novel Going Solo («Полёты в одиночку»). His books for children and adults are translated into many languages and are bestsellers all over the world. darts [dais] дартс — any of several games in which darts are thrown at a circular board (a dartboard). deerstalker (hat) ['diastaika] охотничий шлем — a woolen hat with a peak (козырек) at the front and the back, with ear flaps (уши) usually tied together on top. Such a hat was traditionally worn by Sherlock Holmes.* It is so called from their use by hunters when stalking deer on foot (в таких головных уборах охотники загоняют оленей). Linguistic and cultural guide 207 I 208 Derby horse race, the |'da:bi 'ho:s ,reis) Дерби — the most prestigious of the English classic races and probably the most famous horse race in the world. It is held every year at Epson Downs in late May or early June, England and is named after the Earl of Derby (граф Дерби) who first organised such a race in 1780. Discovery Channel, the [di,skAVon'tjseni] телевизионный канал «Дискаверн» — a major US television channel, which offers programmes on history, nature and adventure. Disneyland |'di/nil£end] Диснейленд — a very large amusement park which wa; opened in 1955 in California, the USA. It is a big imaginary world where all the shows and rides are based on Disney characters. Doc Martens (boots) [,dr)kt3 'malinzj ботинки «Доктор Мартин* — strong heav)-looking shoes or boots with laces (на шнурках). Doc Martens are veiy prac tical shoes worn by people in certain jobs, especially policemen. They are also worn as fasliion shoes, especially by young people. Dublin I'dAblin] Дублин — the capital city of the Republic of Ireland.* Dublin is known as the home of famous Irish writers, such as Jonathan Swift, George Bernard Shaw and James Joyce. Easter ['ista] Пасха — a Christian holy day in March, April or May when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life. Ecotricity [,ekou'tnsitil «Экотрисити* — the first UK company which offers green electricity (generated from wind and solar power (солнечной энергии) at nor mal electricity prices. Its profits go into building new sources of green electricity to replace the usual polluting kind of electricity that causes global warming. Eisteddfod [ai'stcdfad] айстедвод (состязание бардов) — an annual gathering in Wales* where competitions are held for poets and musicians. Eisteddfods are important celebrations of Welsh language and culture, and date back to the 12th century. Elizabeth I, Queen [iJizaboG бэ 'f3:st] королева Елизавета I (1533-1603) — the queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603). Her reign (царствование) is coft-sidered one of the greatest periods of English history. Elizabeth II, Queen [iJizabaG do 'sekondj королева Елизавета II (1926-) — the queen of Britain since 1952. Emerald Isle, the [,emorold 'ail] Изумрудный остров — a name for Ireland, used in literature, often humourously. It is called this because the countryside is very green. England f'loglondj Англия — the largest country in the UK, consists of 39 counties and 7 metropolitan counties (графств-метрополий). Its capital city is London. FA Cup, the |,ef'ei,kApl Football Association Cup «Кубок Футбольной ассоциации* — the major annual competition for soccer clubs in England, first held in 1872. Father’s Day ['fu:63Z ,deij День отца — the third Sunday in June on which fathers are given cards and presents as a sign of love and to thank them for everything they do. fish and chips |,fij эп 'tfips] рыба c картофелем во фритюре — a meal consisting of fish which is dipped into a mixture of flour and milk and than cooked in oil, served with long, thin pieces of potato cooked in oil. Linguistic and cultural guide Flag Day I'flag dei) День государственного флага — June 14, a day in the US when people fly the US flag, remembering the day in 1777 when the US flag (also Stars and Stripes) was officially accepted and first used. Gaelic ['qcilik] гэльский язык — any of Celtic languages, especially that of Scotland, or those of Ireland and the Isle of Man. Gaelic is still spoken in some parts of Scotland and Ireland but by fewer and fewer people. Gatwick f'gaetwik| аэропорт Г.этвик — an international airport, the second largest in Britain (after Heathrow) in west Sussex, 24 miles (39 kilometres) south of London. Geim, Andre Konstantin I'gcim, 'aendri ,k3nst3n'tinl Андрей Константинович Гейм (1958, Сочи) — а Russian-born Dutch physicist (голландский физик российского происхождения) known for his work on graphene (графен). He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize* in Physics jointly with Konstantin Novoselov* for their work on graphene. He works at the University of Manchester. Geim received his education in the Soviet Union, before taking various university posts in Europe and Russia. glengarry [glcn'ga;n] гленгарри, головной убор — a type of Scottish cap, usually made of wool with a tartan* design. Glengarries have no brims and often have ribbons at the back (без полей, но с лентами, прикреплёнными сзади). Named after Glen Garry, a valley in the Highlands.* Gorky Park [,дэ;к1 'po;k] Парк культуры и отдыха имени М. Горького — the most famous park, named in honour of the writer Maxim Gorky, on the banks of the Moskva River, opened in 1928, with a lot of attractions including fairground rides, woodland walks, boating lakes, a theatre and an ice-skating rink. Greenpeace I'grLnpirsl Гриппис — an international organisation which actively works to protect the environment from harm. It is known especially for its direct non-violent actions and wants to stop damage to the environment. Guy Fawkes’ Night [,gai 'folks nail] (also Bonfire Night, Fireworks Night) Ночь Гая Фокса — November 5th, when in Britain people light fireworks and burn a guy (сжигают чучело) on a bonfire. This is in memory of the time when Guy Fawkes tried to destroy Parliament in London in 1605. The historical meaning of the occasion is no longer important. Halloween [,ha;lou'i;n] Хэллоуин — the night of October 31, when children play tricks while wearing false faces and strange clothes. Heathrow [,hi;G'r3u| аэропорт Хитроу — Britain’s largest international airport to the west of London, which is connected with the capital by the Underground. It was opened in 1946 and is officially known as London Airport. Hercules ['h3:kjuli:zj Геркулес — the Roman name for the Greek God Heracles, son of Jupiter (the Roman equivalent of Zeus), and the woman Alcmena. He was the greatest of the Greek heroes. Many popular stories were told of his life, the most famous being The Twelve Labours of Heracles («12 подвигов Геракла»). Highland Games f,hail9nd 'geimz] горские игры — a festival with competitions in Scottish sports, dancing, and music, held every year in the Highlands.* The best-known Highland Games is the one held at Braemar, though similar festivals take place in other Scottish towns, some of which are outside the Highlands. Typical sports include tossing the caber (метание ствола). Linguistic and cultural guide 209 г Highlands, the I'hailsndzj высокогорные районы Шотландии — mountainous areas, especially those in the north of Scotland. hippie ['lirpi] хиппи — (especially in the 1960s and 1970s) a person who protests against, or is thought to protest against the standards of a normal society. Hippies dressed in unusual clothes, had long hair (both men and women), living in large family groups. Hippies were also called “flower children” because they believed in peace and love. homestay f'h3mn,slci] проживапис в семье — a form of tourism and/or study abroad programme that allows visitors to rent a room from a local family tc better learn the local lifestyle as well as improve their language. Houses of Parliament, the f,hauziz ov 'padomont] здания парламента — the group of buildings in London where the House of Lords (Палата лордов) and the House of Commons (Палата общин) sit. Hyde Park f,haid 'po:k] Гайд-парк — a large London park where people go to walk or to relax. Independence Day [,mdi'pcndons ,dci] {also the Fourth of July) День независимости — the main holiday in the United States, celebrating the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Indian I'indianJ индеец — a native American or a member of any of the original people of America. Ireland I'aislsnd] Ирландия — the Republic of Ireland has been an independent state since 1921. It is known for its beautiful, green countryside and is some times called the Emerald Isle.* Joule, James Prescott 'd.^eimz'preskai! Джеймс Прескотт Джоуль (1818-1889) — an English physicist. Joule studied the nature of heat (тепла), and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics (первого закона термодинамики). Kalina [ko'limsj концерн «Калина» — a leading company in the Russian perfumery and cosmetics market. Company was founded in 1942 on the base of the Novaya Zarya factory that was evacuated from Moscow to Sverdlovsk, now Ekaterinburg. It was able to build recognized national brands, such a? Chiomy Zhemchug (Black Pearl), Zolotaya Linia (Golden Line), Mia and others. kilt [kilt] килт — part of the Scottish national costume that is worn by men and looks like a skirt. Ladies’ Day ['leidizdei] Дамский день — the second day of the Royal Ascot* to which women come dressed to the latest fashion wearing big elaborate hats. lasagna Ib'sienja) лазанья — a dish made from layers of broad flat strips of pasta with meat sauce, tomatoes and cheese, baked in the oven. Lincoln, Abraham ['lipkan, 'cibrohtem] Авраам Линкольн (1809-1865) — a US politician in the Republican party, who was President of the US (1861-1865). He is remembered as one of the greatest American presidents. Lipton, Sir Thomas Johnstone f'liptan, S3: 'tomas 'ct^unstaun] сэр Томас Липтон (1850-1931) — a Scottish merchant (купец) and yachtsman. Llangollen (International Musical) Eisteddfod, the [laiygnlan ,mta'na2jnal ,mju:7ikl ai'slcdfad] ежегодный международный му.зыкальный фестиваль в Ллангол-лене — а festival of poetry, music, song and dance which is held in 210 Linguistic and cultural guide Llangollen every year. Llangollen is a town located within the beautiful Dee Valley in the North East of Wales. London Underground, the [,lAndon 'Andograund] Лондонская подземная железная дорога (метро) — the main railway system in Britain atid the first underground railway system in the world. It was opened in 1863 and ran 4 miles (6.5 kilometres) from the west of London to the City in the east. The electric underground railway was opened in 1890. This system was called Tube, now the most popular name for the London Underground. mall lniD:l| торговый центр — a large area where there are a lot of shops. Marks and Spencer [,niu;ks эп 'spenso] «Маркс энд Спенсер» — a department store chain (сеть универмагов) which sells men’s, women’s and children’s clothes, pieces of furniture, plants, food and other things. The company was started in 1884 by a Russian refugee (беженец) Michael Marks. There are more than 280 “M&S” stores in Britain and more than 600 company owned stores in the world. McDonalds [msk'dnnaldzj Макдоналдс — a large group of American-owned restaurants in the USA, Europe, and many other countries, which sell hamburgers and other fast food. In Britain and the US, these restaurants are esjjecially popular with young people and children. .Miss Sixty [,mis'stkstij «Мисс Сиксти» — a girl fashion store chain (сеть магазинов) especially known for its denim clothes. Miss Sixty jeans are very popular with such celebrities as Britney Spears, Kristina Aguilera and Cindy Crawford. mosher ['mao/oj мошер — a person who belongs to a group of young people who regularly listen to and dance (mosh) to heavy rock music. Moshers may be of any age, but most are in their teens or twenties. Mother’s Day ('niAOaz dei) День матери — the second Simday in May on which people give cards and presents to their mothers to show their love for them. Nataliya Sats Children’s Musical Theatre, the [пэДаЬэ ,sats ,tJi!dronz ,mju:zikl '6|э1э| Детский музыкальный театр Натальи Сац — а Moscow theatre that was opened in 1921 as the Moscow Children’s Theatre and now is known as the Nataliya Sats Children’s Musical Theatre. The theatre has a rich repertoire varied from classics to contem{юrary (современная) music. N. Sats created new productions specifically for a younger audience (зрителей), and the theatre presents the classics in a way that made this music accessible (доступной) to children. In 1979, the Children’s Musical Theatre moved into the Palace of Children’s Opera, which was designed especially for the company. The building is decorated with the theatre’s symbol “a bluebird of happiness”. National Gallery, the |,na:Jnol 'дагЬп] Национальпая галерея — an art gallery in Trafalgar Square,* London, which contains the largest permanent collection of western paintings in Britain, most of which were painted between 1200 and 1900. It was founded in 1824 and houses one of the most important collections of Italian paintings outside Italy. National Geographic, The |,naeJnol ,ф,1:э'дпеГ1к] журнал «Нзшнл Джиогрэфик» — а US magazine published each month by the National Geographic Society. It has about 9 million readers and is famous for its beautiful photographs and maps as well as its articles about different countries. Linguistic and cultural guide 211 Natural Shoe Store, the [,ncetfrol 'fu: ,st3;] обувной магазин, тор1'ующий обувью, изготовленной способом, который не разрушает экологическую среду — ап English shop which sells shoes made of environmentally-friendly materials. The designs are simple and attractive and not very expensive. netball I'netbo:!) нетбол — a game that is related to basketball, in which teams make points by making a ball fall through one of the two high rings at the opposite ends of the court. It is one of the sports played by girls of schod age in Britain, but not usually by boys. Nobel Prize, the [nou,bcl 'prai?! Нобелевская премия — any of several prizes given in Sweden each year to people from any country for important work in science, medicine, economics and literature and towards world peace. Northern Ireland (,пэ:доп 'ailondj Северная Ирландия — the northern part of the island of Ireland, which is politically part of the UK, its capital city is Belfast. Notting Hill Carnival, the bnntii] hil kanivol] карнавал в Ноттинг-Хилле — a street carnival that takes place in the Notting Hill area of west London in August every year, mostly involving black people and known for the colourful costumes worn and the steel band music played. Novoselov, Konstantin Sergeevich [,n3V3'sjnlav, ,k3nstan'tin sai''gejevitfl Константин Сергеевич Новосёлов (1974, Нижний Тагил) — а Russo-British physicist (российский и британский физик) known for his work on graphene (гра())ен). He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize* in Physics jointly with Andre Geiin* for their work on graphene. He works at the University of Manchester. Ottawa I'ntowol Оттава — the capital city of Canada, in the South-East of the country. One third of its people are French speaking. package holiday ('pa:kicl5 ,hnlidi] {also package tour) комплексный отдых (поездка) «всё включено» — а completely planned holiday organised by a travel agency, which includes transport and hotel reservations, meals and sometimes excursions. Piccadilly Circus |,pikodili 's3:kas] пло1цадь Никкадилли — a busy square in central London known for the figure of Eros in the middle and for its lively night-life. Post No I [,poust плтЬэ 'waiiI Пост № I — the post of the Kremlin guard near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Могила Неизвестного Солдата) in Moscow. It is famous for the ceremony of the changing of the guard that attracts many tourists. pub [рлЬ1 паб — a building, not a club or hotel, where alcohol may bo bought and drunk during fixed hours and where meals are served. public school (,рлЬ1|к'skid] (in Britain, esp. England) привилегированная частная средняя школа — а private school, usually a boarding school (школа-интернат) for pupils aged between 13 and 18 whose parents pay money for their education. punk [рлрк] панк — a young person who likes loud violent punk music and imitates the appearance of punk musicians by wearing chains (цепи), ripped clothes and brightly coloured hair. In the 1970s and 1980s punks used to protest against the values of money-based society. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the [,puJkmmju;,ziom 3v,fain'tuts] Музей изобразительных искусств им. А. С. Пушкина — а museum in Moscow which has 212 Linguistic aneJ cultural guide one of the largest art collections in Russia and in the world. It was founded by Ivan Tsvetayev and Yuri Nechaev-Maltsev and opened in 1912. Queen’s Official Birthday, the l,kwi:n7. o,fiJl 'b3:0dei| официальный день рождения монарха — the day (the second Saturday in June) when the Queen or King of England’s birthday is officially celebrated; it’s not her or his real birthday. The ceremonies of Trooping the Colour* and giving the Birthday Honours take place on the Official Birthday. Repton (School) ['replan sku:l] Рентон (Скул) — an independent school, in the British public school tradition located in the village of Repton, in Derbyshire, England. The school was founded in 1557. Repton school has 10 houses, 6 for boys and 4 for girls. Repton has a long tradition of sporting excellence having produced numerous top-level sportsmen and sportswomen including 130 first-class cricketers. request stop [n'kwest ,stnp] остаиоика по требованию — a place where buses stop only if they are asked to do or by someone signaling with their hand. Royal Ascot Race [,roial 'aeskotj Королевские скачки в Эскоте — а four-day horse-racing event held at Ascot, England each year in June. It is one of the most important racing occasions in Britain which is visited by members of the royal family. It is popular with upper-class people (высшее общество). Royal Coachman, the |,гэ1э1 'kautfmanj королевский Kj^iep — a person who drives the Queen’s coach (карета) on ceremonial occasions. Rutherford, Ernest ['глбэГэб, 'arnistj Эрнст Резерфорд (1871-1937) — a British scientist who suggested a theory about the changes made in atoms by radioactivity. He was the first to split the atom (расщепил атом). Ryder Cup, the j'raids ,клр] Кубок Райдера — a golf competition between the best players in Europe and the USA, held every other year. Scotland I'skntlondj Шотландия — a country in the UK, north of England. Its capital city is Edinburgh. Shakespeare, William j'/eikspis, 'wiljsmj Уильям Шекспир (1564-1616) — an English writer of plays, one of the most famous ever, born in Stratford-upon-Avon in England. Shakespeare also wrote some very good poetry, especially the Sonnets, and worked as an actor at the Globe Theatre in London. shepherd’s pie [Jepsdz 'paij пирог пастуха — a dish of minced meat (из мясного фарша) baked with mashed potatoes (картофельное пюре) on top. Sherlock Holmes [,/з:1пк 'houmz] Шерлок Холмс — a detective in stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes smokes a pipe, plays the violin, and uses his impressive brain to understand mysterious deaths and other problems. Speaker’s Corner [,spi;koz 'кэ;пэ| Уголок оратора — a part of Hyde Park* in London where people go when they want to tell other people about their political opinions. Any person can go there and make a speech about any subject they like and other people will listen to them and sometimes argue with them. St Martin-in-the-Fields [sant ,matin m do 'fi:ldz] церковь святого Мартина в полях — а famous church in Trafalgar Square,* London, built in neoclassical style in the early 18th century. The catacombs (underground) under the church were used as a bomb shelter (убежип1е) during the Second World War. The main church is often used for musical performances. St Valentine’s Day [sant 'vielantamz ,dei| (also Valentine’s Day) день святого Валентина — February 14th on which a greetings card (valentine) is sent to Linguistic and cultural guide 213 someone one loves, but usually without giving the name of the sender. Sometimes presents are exchanged or red roses are given, as sign of love. Stanley Cup, the f,st8enli 'клр] Кубок Стенли — a prize given to the winner of the National Hockey League, which is made up of ice hockey team from Canada and the US. The first winner of the Stanley Cup was the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association hockey club in 1893. Tlie Cup has become one of the world’s most prestigious sporty competitions. state opening of Parliament, the l,steit ,эирэшо ov'puibmanti церемония открытия парламента — the traditional ceremony that takes place in October, November or December each year, when the Queen as Head of State (глава государства) formally opens each new session of Parliament. The Queen trav els from Buckingham Palace* in a State coach (карете) to the Palace of Westminster, usually accompanied by The Duke of Edinburgh. The Imperial State Crown travels in its own coach. On arrival, the Queen puts on the Imperial State Crown and her parliamentary robe (мантию). The Queen reads a prepared speech, known as the “Speech from the Throne” (тронная речь) or the “Queen’s Speech”. The speech is not written by the Queen, but by the Cabinet, and it outlines (намечает в общих чертах) the Government’s agenda (правительственную повестку дня) for the coming session. takeaway ['teikoweij ресторан быстрого обслуживания — a restaurant selling food for eating elsewhere. tam-o’-shanter [,ucmo'facnto| тэм, шотландский головной убор (берет) с помпоном на макушке — а Scottish wool cap with a bobble (помпок) on top named after Tam-o’-^Shanter, the hero of Burns’* poem of that name, published in 1790. Tammy ['lecmi] «Тэмми» — a girl fashion store chain (сеть магазинов). Since 2005 Tammy has become part of Bhs stores (British Home Stores Limited), a British department store chain (сеть универмагов) selling clothing and household items. 4’he company has 186 stores throughout the United Kingdom. tartan I'tatnl 1. клетчатая шерстяная материя, шотландка — а kind of woolen cloth (ткань) worn originally by Scottish Highlanders; 2. тартан, традиционный шотландский клетчатый рисунок — а special pattern on this cloth worn by a particular Scottish clan (клан, родовая община) and known by the clan’s name, for example the Macdonald tai~tan. Tea House, the j'ti: ,haos] магазин «Ти Хаус» — the shop located in London, selling different kinds of tea, including traditional teas, teas with various flavours. On the first floor there is a display of an extraordinary collection of teapots (чайников для заварки). Teddy boy ['tedi boi] (also Ted) Тедди бой — (in Britain, especially in the 1950s) a young man who dressed in a style similar to that of the early 20th century, usually wearing a long loose (свободного покроя) jacket, narrow trousers and thick soft shoes. Thanksgiving Day ['0aeoksqivir) ,dei] День благодарения — the fourth Thursday in November which in the US is a public holiday. top hat |,tnp 'hielj цилиндр — a man’s or boy’s tall, black or grey hat with narrow brims (полями), now worn only on formal occasions (e. g. Royal Ascot*) or, in the case of boys, as part of the uniform at some schools such as Eton or Harrow. 214 Linguistic antd cultural guide Topshop btnp'jnpj «Топшоп» — a British fashion store cliain (сеть магазинов) of clothing stores that operates in more than 20 countries. It sells clothing and fashion accessories and is mainly known for its women’s clothing. One can also buy Topshop products online. Tour de France, the f,tU3 do 'frans] 'I'yp-де-Франс — a famous bicycle race that takes place in France every year. The Tour de France goes all the way round the country and takes several days to complete. Trafalgar Square ftro,fa:lgo 'skweoj Трафальгарская площадь — a square in the central London where Nelson’s Column stands and which was named to commemorate the battle at Trafalgar where Admiral Nelson was mortally wounded (смертельно ранен) and died. Traid |trcid| магазин «Трейд» — one of the leading and most profitable (прибыльных) charity shops in London, Traid is unique, it sells recycling designer clothes, slioes and other things at extremely low prices. Travelcard I'traevlkfrd] проездной билет — a special travel ticket at a lower price for travel in London on trains, buses and the underground. Tretyakov Gallery, the [TretjA,ko:f'gaelon) Третьяковская галерея — an art gallery in Moscow and one of the greatest museums in the world. It has a large collection of Russian art that was started by Pavel Tretyakov as a private collection in 1856. Pavel Tretyakov gave his collection and the collection of his brother Sergei Tretyakov to the city of Moscow in 1892. The main building of the gallery was designed by V. Vasnetsov in 1902. Trooping the Colour f,tni:pio дэ'кл1з| марш кавалерийского полка со знаменем — а ceremony held to mark the Queen’s Official Birthday on Horse Guards Parade in St James’s Park. The “Colour” is the battalion flag that is “trooped” — or carried — slowly down the ranks of soldiers (строя солдат). This was traditionally done so each man was familiar with (был знаком с) his battalion’s flag, used as a rallying point (сборный пункт) during a battle. At the conclusion (в заключение) of the main ceremony, the Queen leads the troops (войска) down the Mall to Buckingham Palace.* At the end of the ceremony, the Queen appears at the balcony of Buckingham Palace. Tudor Times, the [,tjii:d3 'taimz| время правления династии Тюдоров — the period of time (from 1485 till 1603) when the Tudors reigned (правили). The English monarchs who belonged to the Tudor family were Henry VII, Henry Vni, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I.* Turing, Alan ('tjuong, 'a:lonl Алан Тыорипг (1912-1954) — an English mathematician and computer scientist who, before computers had been invented, imagined the possibility of a machine which could perform processes similar to luiman thought. UK, the [,ju:'kei] Соединённое Королевство — the abbreviation for the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). UNISEF I'juimscfl (United Nations International Children’s Fund) ЮНИСЕФ (Международный детский фонд Организации Объединённых Наций) — ап organisation that helps children in the world who suffer (страдают) from disease, hunger, etc. Victoria, Queen |vik'to;ria| королева Виктория (1819-1901) — queen of Great Britain and Ireland, empress (императрица) of India. Linguistic and cultural guide 215 village green (,vilicfe 'gri:n] земля общего пользования в сельском поселении — ап area of grass in the centre of an English village for the use of all the people who live there. People often think of a game of cricket* on the village green in the summer as being a very traditional English scene. Wales [well/] Уэльс — one of the four countries of the UK, is in the weslcm part of the island of Great Britain. Its capital city is Cardiff. Warehouse I'weohaus] «Вэрхаус» — a design fashion store chain (сеть магази нов) (more than 300 stores) which has its own design team. The first shop opened its doors in London in 1976. They design and offer clothes that reflect the latest fashion tendencies and at the same time maintain (keep up) a high standard of fit, design and quality (качество). The concept of Warehouse is to make fashion accessible (доступной) to all. Wembley Stadium, the [,wembli 'sicidiom] стадион Уэмбли — a large stadium where important sports events such as the Football Association Cup final are held every year. There is also a large hall there used for popular music concerts. What Not to Wear fwot ,nnl to 'weol «Снимите это немедленно» — a reality television show. The British version is presented by style consultants Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine. Every episode demonstrates a makeover (преображение) of a woman (more often) or a man who has been considered as unfashionable by their relatives or friends. The TV presenters give advice to these people and give advice on clothes that will be best for them. Then the participant of the show is given £2000 ($5000 in the American version) to go shopping for a new wardrobe. At the end, the participants evaluate their new look and show it to their friends and family. Wimbledon tennis competition f,wimb3ld3n ,tenis ,котро'иГп] Уимблдонский теннисный турнир — an important tennis competition which takes place every summer in the part of London called Wimbledon. It is considered to be typically English and rather old-fashioned and is an important social event. It is traditional to eat strawberries and cream and drink champagne. People often joke about the fact that it often rains during Wimbledon. Windsor Castle [,win73 'ka:sl] Виндзорский замок — an official residence of the British royal family in Windsor, Berkshire. Some of the interior apartments are open to the public when the Queen is not in residence. Many members of the royal family usually celebrate Christmas at Windsor. In 1993 the castle was seriously destroyed by fire. 216 Linguistic and cultural guide Vocabulary СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ Английские а — adjective — имя прилагательное adv — adverb — наречие АЕ — American English — американский вариант английского языка attr — attribute - определение card — cardinal — количественный cj — conjunction — союз conj — conjunctive — соединительный corr — correlative — парный demonslr — demonstrative — указательный indef — indefinite (pronoun) — неопределённое (местоимение) int — interjection — междометие inter — interrogative — вопросительный n — noun — имя существительное пит card — numeral cardinal — количественное числительное пит ord — numeral ordinal — порядковое числительное p. p. — past participle — причастие прошедшего времени или причастие II pass passive — страдательный (залог) pers — personal (pronoun) — личное (местоимение) pi — plural — множественное число pass — possessive (pronoun) — при-тянсательное (местоимение) predic — predicative — употребляется в качестве именной части составного именного сказуемого prep - preposition — предлог pres. р. — present participle — причастие настоящего времени ргоп — pronoun — местоимение refl — reflexive — употребляется с возвратным местоимением sing — singulai— единственное число V — verb — глагол Русские ав. — авиация амер. — американизм биол. — биология бот. — ботаника воен. — военное дело вчт. — вычислительная техника геогр. — география гл. — глах’ол грам. — грамматика грек. — греческий (язык) детск. — детская речь ед. — единственное число жарг. — жаргон, жаргонизм женск. — исенскии род зд. — здесь знач. — значение зоол. — зоология ист. — история косе. — косвенный (падеж) -л. — -либо лат. — латинский (язык) мед. — медицина миф. — мифология мн. — множественное число муж. — мужской род нареч. — наречие 217 Vocabulary г обыкн. — обыкновенно особ. — особенно перен. — в переносном значении поэт. — поэтическое слово, выражение превосх. cm. — превосходная степень преим. — преимущественно прил. — имя прилагательное прост. — просторечие психол. — психология разе.- разговорное слово, выражение редк. — редко рел. — религия род. — родительный (падел<) см. — смотри собир. — собирательно сокр. — сокрапщние, сокращённо спец. — специальный термин спорт. физкультура и спорт сравнит, cm. — сравнительная степень сущ. — имя сутцествительное твор. — творительный (падеж) тех. — техника тж. — также употр. — употребляется уси.п. — усилительно уст. — устаревшее слово, выражение ч. — число шотл. — употребительно в Шотландии эмоц.-усил. — эмоционально-усилительное япон. — японский (язык) Аа ability [g'biliati] п способность able I'ciblJ а способный, умелый; to be able to ... мочь, быть в состоянии aboard [a'bad] adv, prep на борту (ко рабля, самолёта и т. д.) about [э'Ьао1] 1. prep о, об, насчёт 2. adv приблизительно, около, почти above [э'Ьлу] 1. prep над; - all превыше всего 2. adv ранее, выше abroad [эЪгэ;б] adv за границей absolutely {'a;bs3lu;tli] adv совершенно, абсолютно, полностью accent I'acksant, 'a;kscnt| п акцент accept [ok'scpt] v принимать accessories [sk'sesanz] n принадлежности, аксессуары accommodation (э,котэ'йе|Гп] n приют, стол и ночлег; hotel - номер в гостинице according [s'koidip] adv: - to согласно (чему-л.), в соответствии с (чем-л.) accuracy f'tekjOTOsi] п точность, правильность; тщательность accurate f'askjurotl а точный, правильный accuse |o'kjii:zl v обвинять, предъявлять обвинение (of — в чём-л.) achievement fo'tJl:vmont] п достижение across lo'krns] adv на ту сторону, на той стороне act [aekt] v действовать, поступать, разыгрывать (out) action ['шк/эп) п действие, поступок active ['acktrv) а активный, живой, энергичный, деятельный activity [a;k'tivui] п деятельность actor ['а;к1э] п актёр actually ['гекуЪэЬ, 'tcktfoli] adv факпиес-ки, на самом деле; по правде говоря ad [sed] п (сокр. от advertisement) разг. объявление, реклама add [aed] v прибавлять, присоединять; to - up складывать, подсчитывать addict I ['icdiktj n имеющий пристрастие к чему-л.; TV ~ человек, проводящий много времени у телевизора addict П [o'diktj v увлекаться (обыкн. дурным) additional [o'dijonol] а добавочный, дополнительный 218 Vocabulary address [o'dresj 1. n (тж. вчт.) a;ujec 2. fa'drcsl V адресовать admiration f,aedm3'rei/n] n восхищение, восторг admire lad'maia) v восхищать(ся) adore |a'do;| v обожать (тж. pajz.), поклоняться adult ['aedAlt] 1. n взрослый, совершеннолетний (человек) 2. a взрослый, совершеннолетний advance fod'va:risl n продвижение впе{^ёд advantage lod'varniidj] n 1) преимущество 2) выгода, польза adventure [sd'ventfa) n приключение adventurous [ad'ventlaras] a 1) любящий приключения 2) полный приключений, волнений, опасностей advertisement lad'vartismantj п объявление, реклама (разг. ad, advert) advice |ad'vaisj n совет advisable [ad'vaizobl] a рекомендуемый, целесообразный, желательный advise [ad'vaizj v советовать aerobic (ca'raubikj a 1) относящийся к аэробике 2) аэробный afford lo'foidj v позволить себе afraid |o'freid| a испуганный; to be -of sth бояться чего-л.; Гт ~ I’m late разе. Я, кажется, опоздал; Did you pass your exam? — I’m ~ I’m not. К сожалению, нет. Afrikaans [^efn'kmis] n африкаанс {язык в Южной Африке) against (a'gcnst, a'geinst] prep против age fcid^l n возраст agency ['eKljansil n агентство; travel ~, tourist - бюро путешествий agent I'ei^ont] n агент, представитель; travel ~ представитель туристического агентства ago la'goul adv тому назад agree [o'gri;! v соглашаться agreement |э'дп:тэп1] n {взаимное) согласие ahead (o'hedl adv вперёд air leaj n воздух, атмосфера Air Forse ['еэ fas] n военно-воздушные силы airline f'eolain] n 1. 1) авиалиния 2) воздушная трасса 2. авиакомпания airport ['сэрэ:1] л аэропорт Albanian [acl'beimonj а албанский album ['aelbom] п альбом alcohol ('ielkahnl] п алкоголь, спирт alike [s'laik] 1. а одинаковый, похожий 2. adv точно так же, подобно, одинаково all [э;1] 1. а весь, вся, все 2. indef ргоп that is - (это) всё, вот и всё; most of - больше всего; (~) in - в итоге, всего; at ~ вообще allow [э'1аи| v позволять, разрешать almost f'oilmausl] adv почти, едва не alone [о'1эип] а predic 1) один, одинокий 2) сам, без посторонней помощи along [э'1од] adv 1) вперёд 2) с, вместе с; Bring your friend ■'! Возьми с собой друга! alongside [ajng'said] adv рядом, около alphabetical [.aelfa'betikll а алфавитный already |э;ГгеЙ|| adv уже also f'alsau] adv тоже, также, к тому же alternative |o:l't3:nouvl л альтернатива, выбор although [э:Гдзи] су хотя always ['3;Iwiz, 'odweiz] adv всегда, постоянно amazed [a'mcizd] a изумлёю1ый amazing [a'mcizig] a удивительный, изумительный, поразительный ambitious [aim'bijbsj a честолюбивый American [o'menkon] a американский among [э'шлц] prep 1) С1эеди, между, 2) из amount [s'matmtj n количество amusement |3'mju:zmantl л 1) обыкн. pi развлечение, увеселение, забава 2) удовольствие ancient ('ein/ont] а древний angry I'aciygri] а сердитый, раздражённый, разгневанный animal ['aeniml] л животное anniversary [,cent'v3:s3rij л годовщина announcement [o'naonsmant] л объявление, анонс, извеще1ше; сообщение Vocabulary 219 г annual ('ffinjuall о ежегодный, годовой another [э'плдо] ргоп другой answer f'ansaj п ответ anthem ['агп0эт) п гимн anyone I'emwAn] ргоп кто-нибудь anything ['сшвнз! ргоп indef 1) что-нибудь, ничто 2) что угодно, всё apologize la'pclact^aiz) v извиняться appear [э'рю] v показываться, появляться appearance [a'piarans) п внешность, вид appetite ['eepitait] n аппетит apple f'iepl] n яблоко application [,zepli'keijn] n 1) заявление, прошение 2) аппликация (на одежде) apply la'plaij v применять, употреблять appreciate fs'prijicitl v (высоко) ценить appropriate [э'ргэирпэ1] a 1) подходящий, соответствующий 2) свойственный approve [э'ршл] v одобрять, считать правильным Arab ('жгэЬ) п араб, арабка Arabic ['ffirsbik] а арабский, аравийский arch loitJl п арка, свод architecture ('oikitektfs] п архитектура, зодчество area |'еэпэ] п 1) площадь 2) район, зона, край arena [э'гкпэ] п арена argue ['a:gju:] v спорить argument l'a:gjii:m3nt] n 1) доказательство, аргумент 2) ссора arm [a;m] n рука armchair ['a;mtfe3l n кресло (c подлокотниками) Armenian [oi'mirnian] 1. n 1) армянин, армянка 2) армянский язык 2. а армянский army 1'a.mil п армия around fa'raondj 1. ado кругом, вокруг 2. prep вокруг по 220 arrange [э'геш^^] v располагать в определённом порядке arrest fs'rest] v арестовывать, задерживать arrival la'raivl] n прибытие arrive Is'raiv] v прибывать, приезжать (at, in, upon) art [crt] n искусство article ('oitikl] n статья artistic [a'trstik] a артистический as [aez] 1. adv как; e сочетаниях as to относительно, о; as well также, к тому же; 2. cj. в придаточных предложениях когда, в то время как; as... as... такой же ... как, так же ... как; в сочетаниях as well as также, так же, как; as far as насколько Asian I'eifn, 'ei3n] n житель или уроженец Азии ask [ask] и спрашивать aspect ('sspekt) n аспект, сторона associate [o'soujieit, s'sausfeit] v связываться, ассоциироваться association [э,8эи8|'е1Хэп, э,8эо/1'е1/эп] n общество, ассоциация, объединение at [ffit] prep 1) у, в, за, на (обознача вт нахождение в некоторой точке пространства) 2) на, в (озна чает присутствие при каком-л. событии) 3) указывает на поря док, в котором что-л. происходит at conclusion — at first — at last athlete ['aj01i;tj n 1) спортсмен 2) атлет, человек крепкого телосложения athletics fffi0'letiksl п употр. с гл. в ед. и мн. ч. атлетика atlas f'ajtbsl n географический атлас atmosphere I'aetmasfia] п атмосфера, обстановка attempt [a'tempt] n попытка, проба, опыт attend fa'tendl v посещать attention fa'ten/n) n внимание; to pay ~ to обращать внимание на attitude ['zetitjuidj n отношение (к чему-л.) attract [a'tnekt] v привлекать I Vocabulary attraction [a'traekjani n 1) привлекательность 2) аттракцион attractive [a'treektiv] a привлекательный, притягательный, заманчивый aunt [ointl n тётя Australian [o'streilian] a австралийский author ['э;0э] n автор, писатель average ['ievaridjJ a 1) средний 2) обычный; on - в среднем avoid [o'void] v избегать awake lo'wcik] a проснувшийся award [o'wo:dl 1. n награда 2. v присуждать, награждать away [a'wei] adv прочь awful ['э;Гэ1] a разг. ужасный Azerbaijani [,ae73bai'd5o:ni:] n 1) азербайджанец, азербайджанка 2) азербайджанский язык Bb baby ['beibil n ребёнок, младенец, малютка baby-doll (dress) ['bcibidol (dres)| n платье, no стилю напоминающее платье для маленькой девочки {короткое, с завышенной талией, рукавами фонариками) back [bsekl adv назад, обратно background ['bffikgraond] п задний план, фон bad [bffid] а (worse; worst) плохой, дурной, скверный bag [bsegj л мешок, сумка, чемодан baggy f'bcegi] а мешковатый bags [bsegzl n широкие брюки bake [beik] v печь(ся) balance f'bjcbns) n равновесие, баланс ball [bn:l] n мяч ballet ['biclei] n балет ban [been] v запрещать banana [Ьэ'по;пэ] n банан band fbajndJ n лента, повязка Bangladeshi [,bieggb'deji] n житель или уроженец Бангладеш; бангладешец, бангладешка bank [baegk] п банк bar I [Ьо;1 п зд. штанга {для пирсин га) bar II |Ьо;| п бар, закусочная barbecue ('bu;bikju:] п барбекю barefoot ['bcafotj а босой base |beis] л основа, основание, базис Bashkir [Ыг.Гкю] 1. л 1) башкир, башкирка 2) башкирский язык 2. а башкирский basket ['bcuskitj л корзина basketball ['bcrskitbodl л спорт, баскетбол bath [Ьа;0) л 1) ванна 2) купание {в ванне) bathtub ('Ьа:01лЬ] л ванна beach lbi:tj] л пляж bearer ['Ьеогэ) л носильщик; flag ~ знаменосец bearskin ['beoskin] л медвежья шкура, медвежий мех beat [bi:t] v (beat; beat, beaten) побеждать, побивать beautiful ['bjmaflj a красивый, прекрасный beauty f'bju;ti] n красота because [bi'koz] cj потому что, так как; - of из-за, вследствие become [Ы'клт! и (became; become) делаться, становиться bed [bed) л постель, кровать bedsitter (,bed'sitaj л разе, жилая комната {спальня и гостиная) bedtime ['bedtaiml л время ложиться спать before [bi'fo:! 1. adv раньше, прежде 2. prep перед begin [bi'gmj v (began; begun) начи-нать(ся) beginning [bi'ginigj л начало behave [bi'heiv] v поступать, вести себя behaviour [bi'hervja] л поведение, манеры behind [bi'haind] adv сзади, позади, после Belarusian [,Ье1э'гл/п] л 1) белорус, белоруска 2) белорусский язык belief [bi'lirf] л вера Vocabulary 221 believe [bi'!i:v| v полагать, верить bell fbcl] n колокольчик belong [bi'lnr), bi'laol V принадлежать (to) below [bi'lauj 1. adu ниже, внизу 2. prep ниже, под belt [belt] n ремень; seat - ремень безопасности Bengali [ben'go:li] 1. n 1) бенгалец, бенгалка 2) бенгальский язык 2. а бенгальский beside [bi'said] prep рядом, около besides [bi'said/j adv кроме того bestseller [,best'sebj n популярная книга, бестселлер between [bi'twi:n] prep между bicycle ['baisikal] n велосипед big [big] a большой, крупный bike [baikj n разе. сокр. от bicycle bin [bin] n 1) закром, ларь, бункер 2) мусорное ведро biological j,baio'lncl5ik!l о биологический birth [Ьз;0] п роды, рождение; to give ~ to sb произвести на свет birthday ['b:i:0dei] n день рождения biscuit f'biskil] п сухое печенье bit [bit] п кусочек, частица; а ~ немного black (bliekj а чёрный blazer ['bleiza] п блейзер, клубный пиджак blind [blamd] а слепой blouse [blauzj п блузка blue [blu:] а голубой, лазурный board [bo:d] п 1) доска 2) борт {само лёта, корабля и т. п.) boarding card ['br):dii} ko;dJ п посадочный талон {на самолёт) boastful ['bonstfolj а хвастливый boat [Ьэт] п лодка, шлюпка, корабль, судно boccia ['bnljaj п спорт, боччи bodice ['bodis] п (прилегающий) лиф платья body ['bodi] п 1) тело 2) главная часть bone [Ьэип] п кость bonfire I'bonfais] п костёр {часто по случаю какого-л. празднества) bookshelf ('bukfclfl п книжная полка boost |bu;sl) n разе, поддержка, проталкивание boot [bu:t| n 1) ботинок, сапог 2) pi спорт., бутсы bored [bad] о скучаюший; to be ~ with скучать boring ['bang] а ск>пшый born [ban] р. р. от bear; to be -родиться both [Ьэи0] 1. pron оба 2. adv, cj ~ ... and ... как ..., так и ...; и ... и ... bother ['Ьпбз] и надоедать, беспокоить bottle f'bnti] гг бутылка bowl [boulj п кубок, чаша box [boks] n коробка, ящик boxing f'boksig] п спорт, бокс bracelet ['brcislit] n браслет braces [breisiz] n pi подтяжки brand [biaindl n сорт, качество; -name 1) фирменное название товара 2) название торговой марки brave [brciv] а храбрый, смелый bravery ['breivan] п храбрость, мужество Brazilian [bra'zihsn] а брази.пьский bread [bred] п хлеб break [breik] v (broke; broken) разбивать, нарушать; to ~ a record побить рекорд breakfast ['brekfast] n завтрак breath [brc0] n дыхание, вздох bridge [brid3j n мост bright (braitj о 1) яркий 2) смышлёный bring [brig] V (brought) приносить. доставлять, приводить, привозить Brit [bntj n британец British ('bntijj a (велико)британский, английский Briton ['britn] /I 1) ucm. бритт 2) британец, англичанин broad [brad] a широкий brochure ['brauja] n брошюра 222 Vocabulary bronze [bmnz| n бронза brother 1'Ьглбо] n брат brown (braun| 1, a коричневый 2. v поджаривать, подрумянивать build [bild] V (built) 1) строить 2) создавать building f'bildiol n здание bulldog I'buldng] n бульдог bully I'bolil n задира, забияка, хвастун burn [Ьз:п| n ожог Buryat (,bun'a:tl n 1) бурят, бурятка 2) бурятский язык bus |Ьль] п автобус, омнибус business j'biznas] n дело, занятие busy f'bizil а 1) занятый 2) оживлённый (об улице) butter I'bAto] п масло button ['ЬлШ] 1. п пуговица 2. v застёгивать (на пуговицы) (обыкн. to ~ up) buy [bai] V (bought) покупать, купить by [baij prep 1) около 2) к, не позже чем в 3) под авторством; по указанию, распоряжению; от лица, от имени; указывает на деятеля, автора; передаётся твор. или род. падежом Сс cab [кагЬ] п (сокр. от cabriolet) такси cabbage ['kiebidj] п (кочанная) капуста cacao [кэ'каи] п бот. какаовое дерево cafe f'kgefcil п кафе саке [keik] п торт, кекс, пирожное, лепёшка calendar f'k£elindo| п календарь call [ кэ:11 о 1) звать, называть 2) звонить calm [кат] п спокойствие, выдержанность, невозмутимость (харак тера человека) calorie ['кж1эп1 п калория camera ['кгетэгэ) п фотографический аппарат, киноаппарат, кинокамера camp |кгетр1 п лагерь сап (kienj п жестяная коробка, банка canoe [ka'imj п каноэ, челнок, байдарка canteen |ka:n'ti:ii! п буфет, столовая (при заводе, учреждении и т. п.) cap (кжр) п кепка, фуражка, шапка cape [keip] п геогр. мыс capital ['kacpitll п 1) столица 2) заглавная буква cappuccino 1,каери'1П:пэо1 п капучино, кофе с молочной пенкой capsule ['kscpsju:!! п I) отсек, капсула (космического корабля) 2) биол. капсула, оболочка captain j'kieptin) п капитан caption f'ka;pjn| п заголовок (ста тъи, главы), подпись саг (ка] п автомобиль card lko;d] п карточка, открытка cardigan I'kadiganJ п кардиган, вязаная кофта с застёжкой на пуговицах саге [keaj 1. п забота, попечение; to take - of заботиться о 2. и заботиться (for, of, about) careful ['ксэЯ] a 1) заботливый 2) осторожный 3) точный, аккуратный careless ['keolasj о небрежный, неосторожный Caribbean |,ka;n'bi;on| а карибский carnival ['kumivalj n карнавал carrot ['kierat) n морковь carry ['кюл] и 1) везти, перевозить 2) нести, носить, переносить; to -out выполнять, проводить cast [kast] п бросок castle |'ka;sil п замок, дворец casual ['кгсзшП а повседневный catch [ktetfl и (caught) 1) ловить, поймать 2) понимать cathedral [ka'GiidralJ п собор cause [ko:z] 1. п причина 2. и быть причиной celebrate f'sclabrcsi] v праздновать celebration [^scla'brcifn] n празднование, торжества List of names 223 celebrity lso'lebrrti| n знаменитый человек, знаменитость Celtic ['keltikj a кельтский census ['sensasj n перепись centre ['scnl3| n центр, средоточие, середина (чего-л.) century ['scntfaril n век cereal f'sisriall n овсянка, овсяная каша ceremonial [^sen'maumalj a формальный, официальный, обрядовый ceremonious [,seri'm3uni3s] a церемонный ceremony ['scnmani] n церемония, определённый порядок certain f's3:tn] a 1) attr определённый; один, некий, некоторый 2) predic увсчзепный certainly ['S3:tnli] adv конечно, несомненно chain [tfein) n цепь, цепочка challenge I'l/a;lin^;j n вызов {на coc тязание, дуэль и т. п.) champion ('ifsempisn] п чемпион, победитель championship I'tfa;mpionJip] п чемпионат chance ftfcuns] n 1) случай, случайность 2) шанс change [tjemdjj 1. п изменение, перемена 2. v менять(ся), изме-нять(ся) changeable ['tjcindjabl] а непостоянный, изменчивый, неустойчивый chaotic Ikci'otik] а хаотический, хаотичный character ['kcEnkta] п 1) характер 2) тип, персонаж characteristic [,k£erikta'nstikj 1. n характерная черта; особенность, свойство 2. а характерный; типичный (of) chariot ['tfscriotl п поэт, колесница charity f'tfscriti] п 1) милосердие 2) благотворительность charming I'tJamipJ а очаровательный, обаятельный, прелестный chart п таблица; схема chase ItJeisJ v 1) преследовать (around) 2) спугивать chat ItJcEt) n дружеский разговор, беседа, болтовня cheap а дешёвый cheat ftfctl v жульничать, мошенничать check [tjek| 1. n контроль, проверка 2. V проверять, контролировать cheek |tjl;k] п щека cheer [фэ] о 1) приветствовать громкими возгласами; to ~ up ободрять, утешать 2) быть в группе поддержки (на спортивной игре) cheese [tfiiz] n сыр cheesecloth ['t)i:7kln()J n марлевая ткань chick [tfrk] n цыплёнок, птенец chicken |'t)ikinl n 1) цыплёнок, птенец, AE тж. курица, петух 2) курица (кушанье) child [tfaild] n (pi children) ребёнок, дитя, чадо, сьш, дочь childhood f'tjaildhud] п детство childish ('tjatidij] а 1) детский 2) {ребяческий, несерьёзный Chinese [,tjai'ni;zj а китайский chip [фр] п 1) ломтик жареного картофеля 2) р1 АЕ чипсы chocolate ['tfnklotl n шоколад choice ftfoisl n выбор choose ItfiKzj V (chose; chosen) выбирать Christian ('knstjon, 'knstionj a христианский Christmas ['krismasl n Рождество (сокр. тж. Xmas) chronological (,кгопэ'1оф1к11 a хронологический church ftfsrtjl n церковь Chuvash ['tjuvaej] n 1) чуваш, чувашка 2) чувашский язык cinema ['smima] n кино, кинематография, кинематограф (тж. the ~) circle ['s3:klj v обводить circus ['s3:kasl n цирк city f'sitil n большой, старинный город (в Англии) 224 Vocabulary civil ['srvl] a гражданский; ~ servant государственный служащий class [klas| n класс, разряд, группа, категория classify ['kJeesifai] v классифицировать classmate |'klu:smeit| n одноклассник clean fkJi:n| a чистый, опрятный clear [kliaj a 1) ясный 2) прозрачный clever ('klevaj a 1) умный 2) проворный, ловкий 3) способный, талантливый 4) искусный, умелый click [klik] V щёлкать climbin|if I'klaimin] гг восхождение; влезание, лазанье clock (klok) п часы; it’s five o’clock пять часов close I [klouz] V закрывать close II [klansj a близкий closing ('klauzir)] a завершающий, заключительный cloth |klD0] n ткань, сукно, полотно, холст, бумажная материя clothes fklau6zl п pi одежда clothing ('kloudioJ п одежда club wear ['к]лЬ ,wea| п одежда для клуба, клубных вечеринок и т. д. coach I |kautj] п тренер coach II [кэи1|] п туристический автобус coast (kaostj п морской берег, побережье coat [kaut] п пальто code fkoudl n код; dress ~ неписаное правило, согласно которому человек должен быть одет coin [кэ1п| п монета Соке (кэик| п разе, кока-кола cold Ikaold) а холодный collar ['кп1э) п воротник, воротничок collection fka'lekjn) n 1) собирание 2) коллекция, собрание college ['kolicfe] п университетский колледж colour ['кл1э] 1. п цвет 2. v красить coloured ['кл1зб] а 1) раскрашенный, ' окрашенный 2) цветной 3) цветной (о неграх, мулатах) colourful ['кл1эП] а красочный, яркий combat f'kombajlj п бой combination f,kDmbi'ncifn] п соединение, комбинация, сочетание combine I. п ['kombainj объединение 2. V (kom'bainl объединять(ся) соте [клт] (came; come) v 1) приходить; to - out выходить 2) приезжать; to - back возвращаться 3) появляться 4) происходить, иметь происхождение comedian [ka'miidian] n 1) автор комедии 2) комик, комедийный актёр comedy ['komadi] п комедия comfort ['клшГэ!) v утешать, успокаивать comfortable ['клтАэЫ] а удобный, комфортабельный, уютный comma ('кота] п запятая comment I'komont] п замечание, отзыв committee [ka'mitij п комитет common ('knmanj а общий community [ka'mjuimlil п 1) община, общество 2) местность company ['клтрэт) п общество, компания compare fkom'pea] о 1) (with) сравнивать, сличать 2) (to) сравнивать, уподоблять comparison [kam'pierisanj п сравнение compete [kam'pi:lj v участвовать в соревновании competition [,котра'1фп] п соревнование competitive [kam'petatrv] а соревнующийся, конкурирующий compile [kam'pail) v компилировать, составлять complete [kam'pli:l| а полный, законченный compliment ['komplimanl] 1. п комплимент, похвала 2. v говорить комплименты, хвалить, льстить component [kam'paunantj п компонент, составная часть, составной элемент Vocabulary 225 composition f,kDmp3'zi|n] n сочинение concentrate ['konsanireitj 1. n обогащённый продукт 2. V сосредо'гочи-вать(ся) concept I'konbcptl n понятие, идея, общее представление, концепция concern fkan'sam 1 1) касаться, иметь отношение 2) заботиться, беспокоиться concert I'knnsot] п концерт conclusion 1кэп'к1и;зп1 ч заключение conditioner [kan'dijnol п кондиционер confidence ['konfidonsl п доверие confident ['konfidant] а уверенный в себе congratulate fkan'yrietluleitj v поздравлять congratulation [kan,grtetfn'leij'nl n поздравление connect [ka'nekt] v соединять(ся), свя-зывать(ся) consequently ['knnsikwantli] adv следовательно conservative [kan'ssivativ] a консервативный consider [kan'sidol v 1) обдумывать, рассматривать, обсуждать 2) полагать, считать consist [kan'sisti v состоять (of — из) consultant [kan'sAltant] n консультант contact f'knniaekll n соприкосновение, контакт contain [kon'tem] v содержать в себе, вмещать contest ['kontestl n спор, соревнование, состязание continent ['kontmantj a сдержанный continue [kon'lmju:] v продолжать(ся) contrast 1. n ['kontraistl противоположность, контраст 2. о fksn'lrastj противопоставлять, сопоставлять convenience [kon'vtnians] n удобство conversation i,kDnvD'sei|n] n разговор, беседа cook [kukj 1. n кухарка, повар 2. у стряпать, приготовлять пищу cookie ('koki] п шотл., АЕ домашнее печенье, булочка cool [kii:l| а раза, классный cooperative (кзи'прэгэиу| а отзывчивый, готовый помочь coordinate Iksu'nidmeit] v координировать, устанавливать правильно* соотношение, согласовывать coordination (k3u,3:di'nei/aiil п координация сору I'knptj и снимать копию, копировать, воспроизводить, делать по шаблону corner |'кэ:пэ) п угол, уголок correct [ka'rekt] 1. а правильный, верный, точный 2. V исправлять, поправлять, корректировать corresponding f,kori'spDndir)J 1. pres. р. от correspond 2. а соответственный cosmetics [koz'metiks] n pi косметика cotton f'kotnl n хлопок count [kaunt] V считать country ['клп1п] n 1) страна 2) деревня (в противоположность горо ду), сельская местность countryside f'kAntnsaid] п сельская местность courage ['кАпф) п храбрость, смелость, отвага, мужество courageous [ka'reidjosl а смелый, отважный, храбрый course (ko:sl п курс; of - конечно court (ko:tI п спорт, корт courteous I'kartiosl а вежливый, учтивый, обходительный cousin ['kAzn] п двоюродный(ая) брат (сестра) cover I'kAvaJ v покрывать, закрывать craft |kra;ftj n умение, искусство, ремесло craze [krerz] п мода, общее увлечение; the latest - последний «писк» моды crazy f'kreizij а сумасшедший, раза. помешанный (на чём-л.) cream fkrkm] п сливки, крем creative fkn'eitiv] а творческий, созидательный 226 Vocabulary creed (kri:dl n кредо, убеждения cricket I'knkitJ n крикет crime [krami] n преступление crisps [krisps] n pi хрустящий картофель criticise f'knti.saiz) v 1) осуждать 2) критиковать cross fkros] V пересекать, переходить (через улицу и т. п.); to ~ out вычёркивать crossword ('kroswjrd] n кроссворд crowd [kraud| v собираться толпой, толпиться, тесниться crown [kraunl 1. п венец, корона 2. v венчать, короновать cruel fkmoll а жестокий, безжалостный, бессердечный cruise [kru;7l п круиз, морское путешествие cry [krai] V кричать, вопить cultural |'кл11Гэгз1| а культурный сир [клр] п 1) чашка 2) спорт, кубок curious I'kjuanosj а любознательный, пытливый curling ['k-'Kliijj п спорт, кёрлинг (спортивная игра па льду) curry |'клг|| п карри (острая приправа) custom I'kAslam] n обычай, обыкновение customer f'kAStomo| п заказчик, покупатель, клиент customise f'kAStomaizI и 1) выполнять по индивидуальному заказу 2) переделывать, украшать customs declaration ['kAStamz jdekla'rei/nj n таможенная декларация customs officer [,kAStomz 'ofisaj n таможенник, таможенный инспектор cute |kju:t] a разг. привлекательный, миловидный cycling I'saikliij] n велоспорт Dd dad [daidj n разг. папа, папочка dance [da:nsj 1. n танец 2. и танцевать dancing ['duinsiol 1. n танцы 2. a танцевальный danger ['demdjpJ n 1) опасность 2) угроза dangerous ['deinct^aras] a опасный, рискованный dangerously rdcind^sraslil adv опасно, угрожающе dark fdu'.kj a тёмный darts jdatts] n дартс, «дро'гики» (no пулярная игра) date [deitj n дата, число daughter |'do;t3| n дочь day [dci] n день; all ~ long c зггра до вечера, весь день напролёт; one ~ однажды dear [dioj а 1) дорогой, милый 2) (в устном или письменном обраще нии) дорогой, милый; глубокоуважаемый debate [di'beitj v спорить decide [di'said] v решать, принимать решение declare [di'klca] v заявлять, объявлять, провозглашать decorate f'dekoreitj v украшать defend [di'fend| v 1) оборонять!ся), за-щищать(ся) 2) отстаивать defense [di'fensj п защита definitely ['dcfinilli. 'defonitlij adv определённо, ясно, несомненно definition [,dcfi'ni/n] n определение, толкование degree [di'gri:] n градус delegation [,deli'geijnj n делегация delicious [di'lifas) a очень вкусный delighted [di'laitid] a довольный, радостный, счастливый democratic [,dem3'kra;tik] a демократический, демократичный demonstrate |'demanstreit| v демонстрировать, показывать denim ['denimj n грубая хлопчатобумажная ткань, джинсовая ткань depend [di'pend] v зависеть (on, upon); it ~s как сказать dependent [di'pendontj a зависимый, зависящий Vocabulary 227 describe [di'skraibj v описывать, рассказывать; характеризовать description [dr'sknpfan] n описание descriptive fdi'sknptivl a описательный; изобразительный design fdi'zain] 1. n проект, план, набросок 2. V 1) разрабатывать (что-л. для какой-л. цели); предназначать 2) проектировать; конструировать designer [di'zama] n модельер, дизайнер desk [desk] п письменный стол, рабочий стол; парта despite [di'spaitj prep несмотря на destination [,desti'nei/n] п место назначения; цель {путешествия, похо да и т.п.) detachable (di'iajirabl] а съёмный; сменный detached fdi'lsetftl а 1) отрешённый (взгляд) 2) отдельный detail I'drteil] п подробность, деталь; in - обстоятельно, подробно detective [di'lektiv] п детектив, сыщик determine [di'tsimin] v определять, устанавливать develop fdi'vebp] v развивать(ся), совершенствовать development |di'vebpni3nt| n развитие devise [di'vaiz] v разрабатывать, изобретать diagram j'daiagrsem] n диаграмма; график; схема dial [daiall v набирать номер (no телефону) dialect ['daialektj n диалект, наречие; говор diary ['daian] n дневник die [dai) v умирать diet ['daiatl 1. n диета 2. v быть на диете differ ['difs] v различаться, отличаться difference I'difrsns] n разница, различие different ['difront] a 1) другой 2) разный, различный difficult ['difikalt] a трудный, тяжё лый dignified f'dignifaid] a обладающий чувством собственного достоинства dine |dam) v обедать dinner I'dmaJ n обед direction [di'rekjn, dai'rekjh] n 1) направление 2) (часто pi) указание; инструкция director [di'rekto, dai'rektaj n руководитель, начальник dirt fdait) n грязь dirty ['darti] a грязный, испачканный disability [,drs3'biliti] n неспособность, бессилие; нетрудоспособность; инвалидность disabled [dis'eibald] a искалеченный, повреждённый, неспособный disadvantage f,disod'vo:niicfe] n недостаток disagree [,dis3'gri:| v расходиться во мнениях; не соглашаться disappear l,dis3'piaj v изчезать, пропадать, скрываться disappointed [,diS3'pomtidl а разочарованный, разочаровавшийся; огорчённый disappointment f,diso'pDintmontJ n ра-.зочарование discipline I'disiplin] п дисциплина, порядок disciplined f'disiplindl о дисциплинированный discover [dis'kAval u 1) узнавать, обнаруживать, раскрывать 2) делать открытия, открывать discovery [dis'kAvari] n открытие discus ['diskasj n (pi тж. disci) диск discuss (di'skAsJ v обсуждать disease [di'zi^] n болезнь dishonest [dis'cmst] a нечестный, непорядочный dislike (dis'laikl 1. n нелюбовь, неприязнь 2. V не любить display [dis'plei] n показ, демонстрация dissatisfied fdi'saetisfaid] a недовольный, раздосадованный (with, at) 228 Vocabulary dissolve [di'zolv] v растворять distance f'drstans) n 1) расстояние 2) спорт, дистанция; to keep a ~ держать дистанцию distinctive (di'stioktiv] a отличительный, характерный distinguished [di'stipgwijt] a выдающийся, известный district ['distrikt) n район, округ distrust [dis'tfAstl 1. n недоверие, сомнение; подозрение 2. v не доверять, сомневаться (в ком-л.); подозревать disturb [di'st3:b] v беспокоить divide fdi'vaid) v делить(ся); разде-лять(ся) do (du;l V (did; done) делать doctor ['doktaj n врач, доктор dog (dngj n собака doll [doll n кукла dominate ['dommeit] v 1) господствовать, властвовать 2) подавлять door [do: I n дверь dose [dous] n 1) доза 2) порция double ['dAbl] v удваивать doubt [datrtj 1. n сомнение; no ~ несомненно, вне сомнения 2. v сомневаться, иметь сомнения; быть неуверенным down [daun] adv 1) вниз 2) придаёт глаголам значение совершенного вида: to write ~ записать downside ['daunsaidj п обратная сторона, недостаток downstairs [,daun'steoz] adv 1) вниз 2) внизу; на нижнем этаже downwards ['daunwodz] adv вниз, книзу dragon ['draegonj п дракон draw [dro:] v (drew; drawn) 1) рисовать 2) привлекать, притягивать; to - attention привлекать внимание, интерес dream [dri:m| 1. n мечта 2. v мечтать dress [dres] 1. n платье, одежда 2. v одеваться; to - up наряжать(ся) dribble ['dnbl] v вести мяч (в футболе и т. п.) drink [drigk] 1. n питьё, напиток; soft ~s безалкогольные напитки 2. v (drank; drunk) пить, выпить drive [draiv] v (drove; driven) 1) управлять (машиной, автомобилем) 2) ехать (на автомобиле) drum [бглт] л барабан, звук барабана dry [draij 1. а 1) сухой 2) скучный 2. V сушить(ся) dull |с1л11 а скучный, занудный during ['б[шпг)| prep в течение, в продолжение, во время dye [dai] v красить, окрашивать Ее each [i:lj] pron каждый; ~ other друг друга eager ['гдэ] а сильно желающий, стремящийся eagle l'i:gl| п орёл early l'3:li| 1. а 1) ранний 2) преждевременный 3) начальный; in the -1970s в начале 1970-х годов 4) старинный, древний 2. adv 1) рано 2) в начале (чего-л.) Earth [з:0] п Земля (планета) ease [i:z] v облегчать, успокаивать easily f'iizilij adv легко, нетрудно, спокойно; take it ~ относитесь спокойно, не волнуйтесь east [i:st] 1. n восток 2. а восточный eastern ['iistanj а восточный easy ['kzij 1. а 1) лёгкий, нетрудный 2) спокойный, удобный 2. adv легко, спокойно; take it - относитесь спокойно, не волнуйтесь easy-going |,i:zi'g3Uir)] п добродушно-весёлый, беспечный, беззаботный eat |i:t| v (ate; eaten) есть eccentric [ik'sentnkj a эксцентричный; чудаковатый, странный effect [I'fckt) n следствие, результат egg [eg] n яйцо either f'aida] cj или; - ... or или ... или elaborate [I'laebaratl a тщательно разработанный; продуманный; изысканный elder ['cldaj a старший Vocabulary 229 electricity (i,lek'tnsiti! n электричество electronic |i,lek'tronik) a электронный else [els] 1. adv 1) (c pron indef и pron inter) ещё, кроме 2. pron indef другой e-mail ['Lmcilj 1. n электронная почта 2. V отправлять по электронной почте; пользоваться электронной почтой embarrassed jim'bcemst] а смущённый, растерянный emblem |'етЫэт| п эмблема, символ embroider [im'brDidsj v вышивать embroidery fim'broidan] n вышивка emotion [I'nioufii] n чувство, эмоция emotional ji'nioufonlj a эмоциональный, волнующий emu n зоол. эму end [end] 1. n конец; in the - в заключение; at the ~ of в конце (чего-л.) 2. V заканчиваться enerifetic [,спэ'с[5е11к] а энергичный, сильный, активный energy ['епоф] п энергия, сила Englishman ('ii^giijmsn] п англичанин enjoy [|п'с[5Э|] V получать удовольствие (от чего-л.), наслаждаться (чем-л.); to ~ oneself хорошо провести время, веселиться, развлекаться enjoyable [ш'фэюЫ] а приятный, доставляющий удовольствие enough [х'плГ] 1. а достаточный 2. adv достаточно, довольно enter ['еШэ] v 1) входить 2) принимать участие, участвовать entertain [,cnto'tcin] и развлекать, забавлять; to ~ oneself развлекаться, забавляться entertainment [,ento'teinmom] n развлечение, увеселение environment [in'vaiaranmant] п окружающая среда, окружение episode ['episaud] n эпизод equal I'kkwal] a одинаковый, равный equator [I'kweito] n экватор equip li'kwip] v оборудовать, оснащать equipment [I'kwipmant] n оборудование, оснащение especially [I'spejlij adv особенно, специально essay ['esei] n эссе establish [I'stccbliJ] v основывать, создавать, учреждать etc. ]il'sctro] (сокр. от лат. et cetera) и т. д., и т. п. ethnic ['eOmk] а 1) этнический 2) национальный European [,]1югэ'р1;эп] а европейский evaluate [I'vaeljueit] v оценивать even 1 ['i;vn] adv даже even II ]'i:vn] a чётный; ~ number чётное число evening ['i:vnn}] n вечер; in the ~ вечером Evenk [I'veqk] n эвенк, эвенкийка event ]i'venl] n 1) случай, событие 2) спорт, соревнование по определённому виду спорта ever ]'ev3] adv когда-либо, когда бы то ни было every ['evn] а каждый, всякий; ~ time когда бы ни, всегда everybody ]'evnbndi] pron indef каждый (человек) everyday ('evndei] a ежедневный, каждодневный everyone ['cvnwAn] = everybody everything ['cvriGin] pron indef всё everywhere ['cvnwca] adv всюду, везде evil ['i:vol] a злой, зловещий exact [ig'zaekt] a точный exactly [ly'/aiktli] adv в точности, точно exaggerate [ig'zietljoreit] v преувеличивать exam (ig'zaeni] n разе, экзамен examine ]ig'zsemin] v рассматривать; исследовать example [tg'zampl] n пример; for -например excellent ]'eksai3iit] a превосходный, отличный exchange [iks'tfcincl^] 1. n обмен 2. v 1) обменивать 2) менять(ся) 230 Vocabulary excited lik'saitid] a взволнованный excitement [ik'saitniont] n волнение, возбуждение exciting [ik'saitioj a увлекательный, волнующий exclusive [ik'sklixsiv] a исключительный, особый excursion [ik'.sk3:|n) n экскурсия; to go on an - поехать на экскурсию excuse (ik'skju:zl и находить оправдание, извинять, прощать; ~ те извините exercise I'cksosai?) 1. п упражнение, тренировка 2. v упражнять(ся), тренировать exhibition [.eksi'bifnl п выставка exotic [ig'zDlikj а экзотический expect lik'spckl] 1) ожидать 2) рассчитывать, надеяться 3) разе. предполагать expensive (ik'spensivj а дорогой, дорогостоящий experience [ik'sprorians] 1. п I) опыт 2) случай 2. V испытывать, знать по опыту expert |'eksp3:tl 1. п знаток, специалист 2. а опытный, квалифицированный explain (ik'splcin] v объяснять explanation [,еккр1э'псм/п1 п объяснение, толкование exploration (,ek.spb'rei/n] п исследование explore [ik'spio:] о исследовать, изу^шть express [ik'spresl v выражать extra I'ckstra] a 1) дополнительный 2) особый extract I'ekstrsekt] n выдержка, фрагмент (из книги) extract [ik'sticektl v 1) извлекать 2) выбирать (примеры, цитаты) extravagant [ik'stncvagant] а экстравагантный (о поведении и одежде) extreme |ik'stri;mj а 1) крайний 2) чрезвычайный extremely [ik'stri:mlij adv крайне, чрезвычайно eye faij n 1) глаз 2) взгляд Ff fabulous ['fcCbjubs) a 1) невероятный, неправдоподобный 2) разг. потрясающий face [fcis] n лицо fact ffaekt] n 1. факт, событие; in ~ фактически, на самом деле; the ~ is дело в том, что factory I'hektaril п завод, фабрика fair [Геэ] 1. п ярмарка 2. а 1) справедливый, честный 2) светлый fairy tale [Teonteil] п сказка fall |fo:l] 1. п АЕ осень 2. v (fell; fallen) падать false [foils] a ложный, неверный familiar [fa'milio] a хорошо знакомый, привычный, обычный family I'femli] n 1) семья 2) attr семейный famous ['fcimosj a знаменитый, известный, прославленный; world— всемирно известный; to be - for славиться чем-л. fan [fa:n| n разе, болельщик, фанат fancy [,Гжпь|] a причудливый, прихотливый; ~ dress маскарадный костюм fantastic [faMi'taestik] а разг. превосходный, чудесный fantasy ['facntssij п воображение, фантазия far jfu;] adv (farther, further; far-therst, furtherst) 1) далеко, на большом расстоянии 2) гораздо, намного; ~ from далеко от; it is -from the truth это далеко не так; as ~ as I know насколько мне известно fashion I'fejn] п стиль, мода; to be in - быть в моде; to come into - входить в моду; to be/go out of - вышедший из моды, выходить из моды; (to keep) up to date with - следовать моде, придерживаться моды; the latest - последняя мода fashionable j'fie/пэЫ] а модный fast jfaistj 1. а быстрый, скорый 2. adv быстро, скоро Vocabulary 231 я fasten ['fasnl и застёгивать fast food ['fa;slfu;d] n несложные блюда; еда, которую можно перехватить на скорую руку {гамбургеры, сосиски и т. п.) fat [fict] 1. п жир 2. а жирный; сальный (о пище) father ['Га;бэ) п отец fatty ['faeti] а жирный favour ['feivaj п одолжение, любезность; in - of в пользу (кого-л.) favourite I'feivnt] а любимый, излюбленный feature [ТгУ'э] п особенность, характерная черта federal (Tedaral) а федеральный fee [fi:| п плата, штраф feel ffi:ll v (felt) 1) чувствовать, ощущать 2) полагать, считать feeling [Ti:lip| п чувство, ощущение feet [fi:tj п pi от foot festival I'testivl) n фестиваль, празднество few [fju:l a немного, мало fiction I'fikfn] n художественная литература field [fi:ld] n спорт, поле, спортивная площадка field events (,fi:ld I'vents] n pi соревнования no легкоатлетическим видам спорта {исключая бег) fight [fail] п борьба, бой figure skating ['figo .skeilig] n фигурное катание fill [fil] V наполнять(ся), запол-нять(ся); to - in заполнять final f'faml] 1. n спорт, решающая игра в матче 2. а конечный, заключительный finally ['fainali] adv в конце, в заключение find ffaind] v (found) 1) находить 2) приходить к заключению, считать; to ~ out узнать, разузнать, выяснить fine jfainl 1. а хороший, прекрасный 2. adv разг. отлично, прекрасно finger I'figgaJ л палец {руки) finish I'fiiuJl u 1) кончать(ся); заканчивать; завершать 2) заканчивать что-л. начатое, доводить до конца {тж. ~ up); to - up в заключение fire [faia] л огонь, пламя; костёр fireworks I'faiowsiks] л pi фейерверк firm Ifarm] л фирма first [f3:st] 1. пит ord первый 2. ada 1) сперва, сначала; во-первых 2) впервые 3. л начало; at - сперва, вначале first name ['farst ncim] л имя {в отличие от фамилии) firstly ['farstlil adv во-первых fish ffij) 1. л рыба 2. v ловить или удить рыбу fit lfit| 1. а здоровый, бодрый; to keep ~ быть бодрым и здоровым 2. V соответствовать, подходить по размеру, годиться; to - in подходить, соответствовать fitness I'fitnis] л хорошая физическая форма fix [fiks] V укреплять, закреплять flame Iflemi] л пламя; Olympic -олимпийский огонь flares (Пеэг| л брюки-клёш flat [tlbetj 1. л квартира 2. а плоский flexibility [,fleksi'bil3ti] л гибкость flexible ('flekssbl] а гибкий flight [flait] л 1) полёт 2) ав. рейс flower 1'Паиэ] л цветок flu |flu:] л pa.ie. грипп focus |'Гэикз5| 1. л фокус 2. v сосредотачивать {внимание и т. п.) (on — на) folk [fookj л {употр. во мн. ч.) 1) люди 2) altr народный folklore I'fpnkb;! л фольклор follow l'ft)Iaul о 1) следовать, идти за 2) придерживаться (чего-л.), следовать 3) преследовать fond [fond) а любящий; to be ~ of sb, sth, любить кого-л., что-л. food ffu;d| л 1) пища, еда 2) продукты питания 232 Vocabulary fool |fu:l] n глупец foot [firt) П {pi feet) 1) ступня, нога {ниже щиколотки) 2) основание 3) нижняя часть; at the ~ of the bed в ногах кровати football ['futbnrlj п футбол footwear ['futwcoj n обувь for (Го:] prep 1) для, ради 2) за 3) в течение, в продолжение 4) в; на; ~ the first time в первый раз 5) на {определённый момент) foreign f'fnrinj а иностранный foreigner (Топпэ) п иностранец, иностранка forget (fa'get) v (forgot; forgotten) забывать forgetful [fa'gett'ol) a забывчивый form [fo;mJ 1. n форма 2. и 1) фор-мировать(ся), образовывать(ся) 2) создавать(ся), образовывать(ся), воспитывать, вырабатывать, формировать {характер, качества, стиль) formal l'fo:ml] а 1) выполненный но установленной форме 2) официальный forward f'fo:w3d( adu вперёд, дальше; to look - to sth предвкушать что-л. found [faimdl и основывать, учреждать founder ['faundo] n основатель fountain I'faununl n фонтан frank [fner)kj a искренний, откровенный, открытый frankly I'fnegklil ado искренне, откровенно free |fri:] a 1) свободный 2) бесплатный French ffrcnlj] 1. n the - собир. французы; французский народ 2. а французский fresh (freJJ а свежий friend [frendl п друг; to make -s with sb подружиться friendly ['frendlij a дружеский, дружелюбный frill [fnl] n оборочка, рюш from [fmmj prep от, из, с front [ГглШ] 1. n перёд, передняя сторона {чего л.); in - of напротив 2. а передний fruit |fm:tl п собир. фрукты fry (frai) V жарить(ся) frying pan ['fraiig ,pienj n сковорода c ручкой full (fnlj a полный, целый; in - полностью, в полной мере fun [tXnJ п 1) шутка, веселье, забава 2) источник веселья funky (Тлдк|( а разе, оригинальный, забавный funny |'Глш1 а забавный, смешной fur [Гз:| п мех further ('Гз:до( и дальнейший; добавочный future ['fjirtjaj п будущее Gg gallery ['gaclon] п (pi. -ies) галерея game fgcim] n 1) игра 2) спорт, игра, партия, матч, гейм 3) р1 соревнования, игры gap [giepl п пропуск, пробел garden |'gci:dn] п 1) сад 2) р1 парк garlic f'gailik] п чеснок gate Igcit] п 1) ворота 2) перен. вход; выход gather ['дгебэ] v собирать, собираться gel 1фе1] п гель general ('djenoral] а общий; in - вообще generation [,с(5епэ'ге|/п| п поколение generous ['djenarasj а 1) великодушный, благородный 2) щедрый gentleman ['с(5еп11тэп] п джентльмен, господин geographer [фг'пугэГэ] п географ geographical [.cfeiia'grsefikl] n географический geography Icfei'Dgrat'iJ n география Georgian ['(fenicfeaiij n грузин, грузинка; the ~s pi собир. грузины German ('фз:тэп| n немец, немка; the ~s pi собир. немцы get [getj о (got) 1) получать 2) становиться, делаться; to - old стареть; Vocabulary 233 г lo - dressed одеться; to ~ used to привыкать 3) сесть, попасть {на поезд и т. п.) (on); to - aboard сесть {на корабль и т. д.) 4) прибыть, добраться {до какого л. места) (to); означает начало или од нократность действия: to - to know узнать; to ~ up вставать, подготавливать; to - out уходить, выходить, вылезать (from, of — из); to - together собираться вместе; to - off сходить, спускаться, слезать; to - rid of sth/sb избавиться от чего-л./кого-л. ghost [goust] п привидение, призрак gift [giftj п подарок, дар girl lg:i:ii п девочка; девушка give [giv| v (gave; given) давать, отдавать; to - up уступить; to - a speech произносить речь, выступать glad [gla:d] a 1) predic довольный 2) радостный glamorous I'glaimaras] a гламурный, очаровательный, привлекательный glamour ['gltema! n обаяние, очарование glance [glansj n {быстрый, короткий) взгляд glass Igicrs] n pi очки glove [glAv| n перчатка go [дэи| i> 1) ходить 2) ехать, путешествовать 3) отправляться; to -shopping отправляться за покупками 4) заниматься (чем-л.)5 to -back возвращаться; to - oul а) выйти, выходить б) бывать в обществе; to - on продолжать; to ~ up подниматься; to - with а) подходить, соответствовать б) сопровождать; to - out of fashion выходить из моды goal [gaol] п ворота goalball I'gaulboiij п голбол god [god] п 1) бог, божество 2) (G) Всевышний, Бог; Му God! Боже мой! gold [ganidi 1. п золото 2. а золотой golden I'gauidanl и золотистый gong [gogj п гонг good Igudj а 1) хороший 2) умелый, искусный; способный (at) goods fgudz] n pi товар, товары gorgeous ('ga:d5asj a великолепный, прекрасный (о вещах, явлениях, интерьере и т. д.) government I'gAvamant, 'gAvnmantJ л правительство gown [gaon] п свободная одежда, мантия grain [grcinl п зерно {злаков и т. п.) grandson ['gnensAii] п внук grapefruit |'grctpfni:l] п грейпфрут grass Igras] п трава great [greitl а 1) большой, огромный, крупный {по объёму, силе) 2) а) великий б) возвышенный 3) а) прекрасный, удивительный, замечательный б) великолепный, восхитительный 4) важный, значительный Greek lgri;k] 1. п грек, гречанка; the ~ S собир. греки 2. а греческий green [gri:nj а зелёный; экологически чистый greet (griilj и приветствовать, здоро-вачься greetings card ['griitiQz ,ka;d] n поздра-BUTenbHaii открытка grey Igrei] a серый grill Igril] n гриль ground Igraund] n площадка; спортивная площадка {тж. sports -) group [дш:р1 n 1) группа 2) pi слои, круги {общества) grow Igrou) о вырастать, расти, увеличиваться; to - up становиться взрослым grown-up 1,дгэип'лр1 л взрослый {че ловек) guarantee [,gaeron'li:] v гарантировать guard fga;dj n караул, pi гвардия guess |ges| и 1) угадать, отгадать 2) ЛЕ считать, полагать; 1-я думаю 234 Vocabulary guest [gcstl n гость, гостья guide [gaid) n 1) гид, проводник, экскурсовод 2) путеводитель, справочник; guided tour экскурсионная поездка guitar [gi'la;] п гитара gun [длп] п оружие gym Icfeiml п [сокр. ранг, от gymnasium) спортивный зал gymnastics [djim'nKStiks] п гимнастика Hh habit I'hajbil] п привычка, обычай; обыкновение hair [hco] п волосы hairstyle f'heostail] п причёска half [ha:fl п (pi halves) половина hall fho;l| n 1) зал 2) холл hamburger ('ЬжтЬз:дэ] n гамбургер hammer ['Ьжтэ] n молоток, молот hand [haendl 1. n рука, кисть руки; on the one ~ ... on the other - c одной стороны ... с другой стороны 2. а ручной handbag ['ЬжпбЬжд] л 1) дамская сумочка 2) лёгкий чемодан 3) ручная кладь handicraft ('hsendikraft] п изделие ручной работы handmade |,hacnd'meid] а ручной работы handsome ('hacnsam] а красивый (час то о мужчине) happen ('Ьгерэп] v случаться, происходить happily ['htepilil ado счастливо, весело happy I'liccpil а 1) счастливый 2) довольный hard |liu:d] 1. а 1) твёрдый 2) трудный, утомительный, тяжёлый; требующий усилий, напряжения 2. adv усердно, упорно hard-working [,ha:d'w3:kioJ а трудолюбивый hat [hiet] п шляпа, шапка hate Ihcil) о ненавидеть, не выносить, не терпеть have [haev] и (had) иметь, обладать; to ~ on быть одетым (во что-л.) head Ihcd] л 1) голова 2) глава, руководитель, начальник headache ['hcdcik] л головная боль headband ('hcdbacnd] л лента или узкая повязка (на голову)', ободок heading ['hcdigl л заглавие, заголовок, рубрика health [hel0] л здоровье healthily ['iielOili] adv полезно для здоровья, благотворно healthy ('helOil а 1) здоровый 2) полезный для здоровья hear |hi3j v (heard) слышать, услышать heart [hall n сердце; from the - от всего сердца heart-shaped ['hatjeiptl a имеющий форму сердца heat v нагревать, подогревать heavy I'hevi) a тяжёлый, тяжеловесный heel [hi;ll n каблук heeled [hi:ld| a на каблуках helmet f'helmit| л каска, шлем help [helpl v помогать, оказывать помощь helpful j'hclpfal] a 1) полезный 2) услужливый, любезный, предупредительный hemisphere j'hennslia] л полушарие her [Из:] ptx>n pers. (косе, падеж от she) ей herb |Ьз:Ь] л трава, растение (особ. лекарственное) here [htaj adv здесь, тут hero I'hiaratF] л (pi heroes) герой herself |h3:'self] pron себя, себе, собой (о 3 м лице ед. ч. женск. рода) hide [haidl v (hid; hidden) закрывать, загораживать high lhail 1. a 1) высокий 2) высший, главный 3) имеющий определённую высоту, высотой в 4) насыщенный, с высоким содержанием (чего-л.) (in) 2. adv высоко Vocabulary 235 highlight f'hailait] 1. n основной момент, факт 2. i> 1) ярко освещать 2) придавать большое значение 3) выделять {шрифтом) highlighted ['hailaitidj а выделенный {шрифтом) highly ['haih] adv очень, весьма, чрезвычайно, сильно him [himj pron pers. {косе, падеж от he) ему himself [him'selfj pron 1) себя, себе, собой {о 3 м лице ед. ч. муж. рода) Hindi ['hindi] 1. п язык хинди 2. а относящийся к языку хинди hint [hinll п 1) намёк 2) совет his (hiz) pron poss его, свой historic (hi'stDnJcl a исторический, имеющий историческое значение historical Ihi'stonkll а исторический; исторически установленный; связанный с историей history ['histan] п история hit [hitl V (hit) 1) ударять (по чему-л.) 2) попадать в цель hockey ['hnki] п хоккей hold [hauldj v (held) 1) держать 2) удерживать 3) вмещать, содержать в себе 4) провести, устроить, организовать; to - on 1) сдерживаться 2) продолжать делать что-л. holiday ['hnlidi] п 1) праздник 2) р1 каникулы; package - комплексная туристическая поездка holidaymaker ['hDlidi,meikoJ п 1) отпускник, отдыхающий 2) экскурсант, турист home [haom] п 1) дом; at - дома 2) домашний очаг, родные, семья homemade [,h3um'me?d] а самодельный hometown f,haum'taun| n город, в котором живёшь homework ['houniW3:kl п домашняя работа {задание) honest ['nmstj а честный, правдивый honesty ('nnisti] п честность honey I'luni] п мёд honour ['ппэ1 п честь; in - of sb, sth в честь кого-л., чего-л. hope [haup] и надеяться hopeless ['haupbs] а 1) безнадёжный 2) отчаявшийся horizontal |,hDn'zDntll а горизонтальный horrible ('hnribalj а страшный, ужасающий; разг. противный, отвратительный horse [hD:s] п лошадь, конь horse race |'ho;s ,reis] n бега, скачки horse-riding ('ho:sraidii]) n езда на лошади hospitable ['hnspitabl, ho'spitobll a гостеприимный, радушный host [houstj n хозяин {no отношению к гостю) hot (hot] a горячий, жаркий hotel [hon'tel] n гостиница hour jatjoj n час house [haus| n дом, здание household f'haushauld] a домашний, семейный, бытовой housework ['hauswaik] n работа no дому, домашнее хозяйство how Ihauj adv как? каким образом? however [hau'evo) adv как бы ни huge [hju;d5j a огромный, громадный humorous ['hjir.mamsj a 1) юмористический 2) забавный, веселый, смешной humour I'hjnmol n юмор hundred I'liAndndl num card сто hunt [Ьлп1| n охота hurry ['Ьлп] V спешить, торопиться; to - up поторапливаться hurt [Ьз:1] V (hurt) 1) причинить боль 2) обижать, делать больно И ice [ais] п лёд ice cream l,ais'kri;m| п мороженое icon f'aiknn] п икона, редк. знак, символ idea (ai'dial n идея; мысль ideal l,ai'diol) 1. п идеал 2. а идеальный idiot ['idial] п идиот, слабоумный 236 Vocabulary if [It! cj если ignore [ig'no:J v игнорировать ill [il] a predic больной, нездоровый; to be ~ быть больным illness I'llms] n нездоровье; болезнь illumination |i,lu:mi'neijnj n 1) освещение 2) часто pi иллюминация illustrate I'tbstreitJ v иллюстрировать illustration [,il3'slreirn] n иллюстрация image ['imi(^] n образ imaginary [1'тгефпэп] a воображаемый imagination [i,ni8ecfei'neijn| n воображение imagine [|'тгефт] v представлять себе, воображать immediately [I'miidiatlt] adv незамедлительно, тотчас же implied fim'plaid] a подразумеваемый, предполагаемый impolite [,imp3'lait] a невежливый, неучтивый import (im'pod] v ввозить, импортировать importance [im'poians] n важность, значительность important [im'poitant] a важный, значительный impossible [im'pnsrbl| a невозможный impress ftm'pres] v производить впечатление, поражать impression [im'pre/n] n впечатление impressive lim'pre.siv| a производящий глубокое впечатление; впечатляющий improve [im'priKv] v улучшать(ся) in (ml prep b(o), на, у inactive fin'a:kttv] a бездеятельный, пассивный inactivity [,miek'Uviti] n бездеятельность, бездействие include (m'kludj v включать inclusive [m'klu;siv] a включающий в себя, содержащий incorrect [,inko'rekt| a неправильный, неверный increase 1. n ('inkri:s] возрастание, рост, увеличение 2. и [in'krks] увеличивать, вызывать увеличение, рост indeed [m'di;d) adv в самом деле, действительно independence (,mdi'pend3ns] п независимость independent [,indi'pend3nt] а независимый, самостоятельный Indian ('indionl 1. п 1) индиец 2) индеец {Северной и Южной Амери ки) 2. а 1) индийский 2) индейский {относящийся к американским индейцам) individual (jndi'vicfeuol] 1. п личность, человек 2. а личный, индивидуальный individuality f,indivic(5u'0clitil п индивидуальность indoor f'mdo:! а находящийся/проис-ходящий в помещении indoors [,in'do:z] adv в комнате, в доме, в помещении industry ['mdoslri] п промышленность, индустрия influence ['mfluons) v (по)влиять, (воз)действовать informally (m'fo:moIi| а неофициально, без соблюдения правил или норм information (.mfo'meifnl п информация, сообпщние ingredient |in'gri:diontJ п составная часть, ингредиент Ingush 1,1Г)'дцП п 1) ингуш, ингушка 2) ингушский язык injured f'lndsod] а ушибленный, раненый; мед. травмированный injury ('шфэп] п 1) вред, повреждение 2) рана, ушиб innovate ['maveilj v вводить новшества, делать нововведения inside [m'said] adv внутри inspire (in'spaiol v вдохновлять, воодушевлять instant ('instont) a растворимый без осадка instead (m'sted] prep: - of вместо Vocabulary 237 institute ['mstitju:t| n институт instruction [in'strAkJanJ n обыкн. pi инструкции, указания instrument ['instmmant] n инструмент insurance [т'Гшгэпь] n (страховой) полис intelligent [in'lclicbanl] a 1) умный, разумный 2) понятливый, смышлёный interest ['iniristl n интерес interested ['intristid] a заинтересованный, интересующийся interesting ['mtnistiti] a интересный international [.mta'niejnl] a международный, интернациональный interpret |tn'l3:prit] v толковать, интерпретировать interrupt [,1П1э'глр1] v прерывать interview ('intovju:) 1. n интервью 2. v интервьюировать into ['ml3| prep указывает на движение или направление внутрь в(о) introduce (,intra'dju;sj v 1) вводить в употребление 2) устанавливать, внедрять, учреждать 3) вводить, приводить introduction |,intr3'dAkfnl п введение, предисловие (к книге) invent lin'ventj v изобретать invite |ni'vail| v приглашать, просить involve (rn'volvl v вовлекать Irish ['aianJl 1. я 1) the - собир. ирландцы, ирландский народ 2) ирландский язык 2. а ирландский irritation i,in'teijnj л раздражение island I'ailand] я остров isle [ailj я поэт, остров it fit] pers pron он, она, оно и (н)его, (н)ему, (н)им, (п)её, (н)ей, (н)ею (о предметах, животных) Italian [I'tcclian] 1. я 1) итальянец, итальянка; the ~s собир. итальянцы 2) итальянский язык 2. а итальянский item I'aitom) я отдельный предмет its jits) pron poss (о предметах и животных) его; её; свой; принадлежащий ему, ей Jj jacket I'ct^ackit) я куртка, тужурка, жакет jam [ф,гет] я затор, загромождение; traffic - затор, «пробка» в дорожном движении January ('cfefcnjuonl п январь Japanese [,фаеря'п1:7] I. я 1) японец, японка; the - собир. японцы 2) японский язык 2. а японский javelin f'cj^valinl я метательное копьё jeans Icfeirnzl я pi джинсы jersey |'с^з:7.1| я вязаная ткань, джерси jewellery ('с^и:э1г|] я ювелирные изделия, украшения job 1фпЬ] я работа, труд jog [(fengl V спорт, бежать разминочным темпом join Idjninl V 1) соединять(ся), присо-единять(ся) 2) вступать joke IcfeaukJ v шутить, подшучивать journalist ['cts'j:n3lisl| я журналист journey я поездка, прогулка; путешествие joy fchoi] я радость, веселье joyful I'cfeoiflj а радостный jubilee ['ctjuibili:, djubi'li;! я 1) юбилей 2) празднество, торжество; праздник judge 1<%лф] я 1) судья 2) арбитр judo I'd^uidau] л япон. спорт, дзюдо juice [ct5u:s| я сок jump [ф\тр| 1. я прыжок 2. v прыгать; to - the queue пройти без очереди jumper 1'ф\трд| я джемпер June (ct^uinj л июнь junk fdSAok] л утиль, отбросы; - food пища, богатая калориями, но имеющая низкую питательную ценность just jdjAst] ado 1) именно, точно, как раз 2) только что 3) раэг. просто, прямо, совсем, абсолютно 4) немедленно, непосредственно 238 Vocabulary Кк kaftan ['kaeflasnl n кафтан, блуза из тонкой хлопчатобумажной (марлевой) ткани Kalmyk ['kaelmikj п 1) калмык; калмычка; the -S собир. калмыки 2) калмыцкий язык kangaroo (,kiei}g3'ni:] п зоол. кенгуру karate [ks'ruitij п карате Kazakh I'ktezcckj п 1) казах; казашка; the -S собир. казахи 2) казахский язык keen lki:n] а проницательный, острый {ум, взгляду, to be - on хорошо уметь делать что-л. keep lki;pj v (kept) 1) держать, хранить; to - а distance держать дистанцию; to - out держаться в стороне; to ~ fit быть (держаться) в хорошей физической форме 2) to - sth tudy содержать в порядке {дом, одежду и т. п.) 3) to ~ up with sth, sb не отставать от кого-л., чего-л.; придерживаться, to - up with the latest fashions следовать моде, не отставать от мод|>1: to - from sth, doing sth удерживаться, воздерживаться от чего-л.; (can’t) ~ from thinking (about it) не мог не думать (об этом) kick [kik] и бить по мячу (о регби, футболе) kid fkid] п разг. малыш, ребёнок, дитя kill [kill V убивать, лишать жизни kilometre ['kil3,mi;l3j п километр kind I [kiundj п сорт, тип, разновидность; of the - того же сорта kind II [kaindj а добрый, сердечный king [kip] п король kiss [kis| 1. п поцелуй 2. и целовать, поцеловать knee [ni:] п колено knit jnitl V вязать know [пэи| V (knew; known) 1) знать 2) уметь knowledge I'nDlidj] п знания koala |кэп'и;1э) п зоол. коала, сумчатый медведь Korean [kn'riianl I. л 1) кореец, кореянка: the ~s собир. корейцы 2) корейский язык 2. а корейский L1 label I'leibl] v 1) прикреплять или наклеивать ярлык 2) обозначать lace [leisj v отделывать, украшать кружевом lady j'leidij п леди, дама lake [leik] п озеро land [Iffiiidj 1. п земля; страна, государство 2. и приземляться landscape ['laendskcipj п ландшафт, пейзаж language ['liepgwidj] п язык large [lacfej а большой, крупный lasagna fla'sacnja] п лазанья {блюдо итальянской кухни) last I [la;sl| а 1) последний 2) прошлый last II [la'stj V продолжаться, длиться late [leu] 1. а (later, latter; latest, last) опоздавший; поздний 2. adv (later; latest) поздно later I'lcitaj adv позже Latin I'laelin] n латинский язык, латынь laugh [lafj 1. П смех 2. v смеяться lavender j'lscvjndo] 1. n лаванда {pacme Hue) 2. a бледно-лиловый {цвет); цвет цветков лаванды lay [Ici] V (laid) класть, положить lazy I'leizi] a ленивый lead |!i:d| v (led) приводить к чему-л., каким-л. результатам, быть причиной чего-л. leaflet ['li;flitj п небольшая тонкая брошюра league [liig] п лига, союз learn [1з:п] v (learned; learnt) учиться, учить что-л. least |li;st| 1. а превосх. cm. от little {маленький, небольшого размера) наи-меньший, малейший 2. adv превосх. cm. от little {мало, немно го) менее всего, в наименьшей степени; at - по крайней мере, во всяком случае Vocabulary 239 leather ['IcOaJ 1. n кожа (выделанная) 2. a кожаный leave (li;v| v (left) 1) уходить, уезжать 2) оставлять 3) покидать, бросать; to ~ school окончить школу; to -out оставлять без внимания; to ~ sb to do sth позволять кому-л. делать что-л. left (left) 1. а левый 2. adv налево, слева leg [leg] п нога (от бедра до ступни) legend I'led^ondj п легенда leggings ['Icgigzl п гамаши, легинсы lend [lend] V давать взаймы, одалживать length [Icg0] n 1) длина 2) расстояние less [lesj 1. а (сравнит, cm. от little) мепьший 2. adv меньше let [let] V (let) позволять, разрешать; ~ us go идём(те) letter ['Ictaj n 1) письмо 2) буква level ['levlj 1. n уровень, ступень 2. a плоский, ровный library ['laibronj n библиотека lie I jlarj V лгать lie II [laij V (lay; lain; pres. p. lying) 1) лежать 2) находиться, помещаться life [laifj n (pi lives) жизнь lifestyle ['laifstailj n стиль жизни light I [laitj 1. n 1) свет 2) лампа 2. a светлый 3. и (lit |lit|) зажигать, освещать light II [lait] a лёгкий light-headed jjait'hedid] a бездумный, легкомысленный like I [laikj 1) a подобный, похолсий 2) cj подобно, словно, как like II flaik] 1. v любить, нравиться 2. n pi симпатии, склонности likely I'laikli] a обыкн. predic вероятный, возможный limit ['hmilj 1. n граница, предел 2. v ограничивать, ставить предел line [lam] n 1) линия, полоса 2) строй, ряд 3) очередь 4) строка, строчка link jligkl 1, п связь 2. и соединять, связывать lion ['laianj п зоол. лев lip [lip] п губа list [lislj 1. п список 2. V составлять список listen I'lisn] V слушать little f'iitl] 1. а (less, lesser; least) маленький, небольшой 2. adv немного, мало literature ['litralfsl n литература litter ['lita| n cop, мусор live |livj V жить load [loud] n pi разг. множество, обилие; ~s of money куча денег local ['laoklj a местный location [lau'kei/n] n местоположение, расположение logo(gram) f'bugou] n знак, стоящий вместо слова; логограмма long [log] 1. а 1) длинный 2) дол гай, продолжительный 2. adv 1) долго 2) давно; - ago давно look [lukj 1. п 1) взгляд; to have а -посмотреть 2) вид, наружность 2. V I) смотреть, глядеть; to ~ after присматривать за, заботиться о, ухаживать; to - for искать; to - forward to с нетерпением ожидать; to ~ through просматривать 2) выглядеть lose |lu;zi v (lost) 1) терять 2) проигрывать lot [Intj a 1) pa.iz. большое количество, мнолсество; a - of много, множество; lots of огромное количество кого-л., чего-л. 2) в грам. знач. парен, гораздо, намного; to read а - много читать loud [laud] 1. а громкий 2. adv громко loudly ['laudlij adv громко, громогласно lounge suit f'laondi sjuitj n пиджачный костюм love fUv] 1. n любовь 2. v любить lovely ['IavIiJ a красивый, прекрасный 240 Vocabulary lover [Члуэ] n 1) любитель 2) приверженец, сторонник low |1эи] 1. а низкий 2. adv низко lower ['louo] V спускать, опускать loyal ['bialj а верный, преданный luck [1лк] п 1) судьба, случай 2) счастье, успех, удача lucky ['1лк|] а счастливый, удачный, удачливый luggage I'Ugitfe] п багаж; поклажа lunch IlMitJ] п ленч, второй завтрак Mm machine |mo'fi:n] п машина, механизм magazine l,mscg3'zi:n] п журнал {периодическое издание) magnificent Imacg'nifisant] а великолепный; пышный main fmcin] а главный, основной majority (тэ'с15впп] п большинство таке I fmeik] v (made) 1) делать, изготовлять, производить; to - over АЕ переделывать 2) создавать, творить 3) составлять, подготавливать; to - up составлять; to ~ а speech произносить речь; to - way for дать дорогу, уступить место; to - sure that удостовериться, убедиться в чем-л., выяснить что-л.; to - up one’s mind решить, принять решение; . make II [meik| v (made): to - sb do sth заставлять, вынуждать кого-л. сделать что-л. makeover ('meikouvol п АЕ переделка, обновление make-up f'meikAp] п 1) грим, косметика, макияж 2) состав man [тжп] п (р1 men) 1) человек 2) мужчина mankind [дпюп'кашй] п человечество manner ('таепэ] п манера {говорить, действовать)’, р1 (хорошие) манеры, умение вести себя many ['meni] а (more; most) много map |macp] n карта {географическая) marathon ['maeraGanJ n марафон, мара-с1юнский бег march [ma:tjl v маршировать March |ma;tjl n март marinate I'macrincil] (= marinade f'mserineid]) и мариновать, солить mark (ma:k) 1. n 1) метка; знак 2) балл, отметка 2. v 1) метить; отмечать 2) отмечать, праздновать market f'mukjll п рынок, базар marriage ['тэепф] п брак, замужество, женитьба marry ['тжп] и женить(ся), выходить замуж marvellous ['mcrvalas] а изумительный, удивительный mascot Гтжзкэ!) п талисман mask |mask] п маска master ['maislaj v овладевать мастерством, достигать вершин мастерства match 1тж(П 1. п матч, соревнование 2. у 1) сочетать {предметы одежды), подбирать {пару, под стать; по цвету, форме) 2) противопоставлять, сравнивать material [ma'tianal] п ткань, материя materialistic |тэ,пэпо'11яПк] а материалистический matter ['тж1э| 1. п вопрос, дело; what’s the ~ ? в чём дело? что случилось?; what’s the - with you? что с вами?; (it is, it makes) no -(это) не имеет значения; no - what несмотря ни на что, что бы ни было; по - how (where) как (где) бы ни было 2. V иметь значение maxi I'masksi] п макси {указывает на большой размер, длину и т. п.); ~ skirt юбка макси may [meij и модальный недостаточ ный глагол мочь, иметь возможность May fmci] п май maybe ['mcibij adv может быть, возможно те [mi:| ргоп pers {косе, падеж от I) меня, мне meal |mi;lj п принятие пищи, еда mean [mi:nj v (meant) значить, означать meaning n значение, смысл Vocabulary 241 measure ['те.'^э) u измерять, мерить medal ['medl] n медаль, орден medical I'medikl] a врачебный, медицинский medicine ['medsanj n лекарство meet [mi:t] v (met) встречать(ся) meeting; f'miiuol n собрание, сбор, встреча member 1'тетЬэ] n член, участник memorial [mi'mo:ri3l| n памятник, мемориал, монумент men fmen] n мн. число от man mention ['menjn] v упоминать, ссылаться на menu f'menju:] n меню merry I'menl a весёлый, радостный message |'mesid5| n 1) сообщение, послание, донесение, письмо 2) идея (книги), мысли, взгляды metallurgist (mi'taelacbistl n металлург metre ('miita) n метр (мера) mid- fmid] prefix в середине middle f'rmdll 1. n середина 2. a средний might (malt) v past от may mile [mail] n миля militia [mi'li/э] n милиция million I'miljan] num card миллион milk I milk] n молоко mind [maind] 1. n 1) ум, разум; to come into one’s ~ прийти на ум, в голову, оценить 2) мнение; to my -по моему мнению 3) намерение, желание; to change one’s - передумать, изменить свое решение; to make up one’s ~ решиться, принять решение 2. i; 1) обращать внимание, придавать значение; to take sb’s ~ off sth отвлекать чьё-л. внимание от чего-л. 2) возражать mini- ['mini] prefix мини- (указывает на малый размер, малую длину и т. п.) miniature I'mimatja] п миниатюра miniskirt ['mimsksil] п мини-юбка minute ['mimt] п минута mirror ['тпэ] п зеркало miserable ['mjzarabl] а 1) жалкий, несчастный 2) плохой miss I [mis] п мисс (при обращении к девушке или незамужней женщине) miss II [mis] о 1) упустить, пропустить 2) скучать mission ['mijii] п миссия, цель жизни mistake [mi'steik] п ошибка; to make а - совершать, делать ошибку mix [miks] v мешать, смешивать(ся); to - up путать mixture ['mikstfa] п смесь mobile ('moubail] а мобильный, передвижной; - phone мобильный телефон model ['modi) п модель modern ['mndn] а современный, новый moment ['motimnnt] п момент, мгновение Monday ]'mAndi] п понедельник money ['тлт] п (тж. sing) деньги monologue ['mnnslng] n монолог month [тлп0] п месяц monument ['monjumont] п памятгшк money ['тлш] п (тж. sing) деньги more [тэ:] 1. а 1) сравн. cm. от much и many 2) больший, более многочисленный 2. adv 1) сравн. cm. от much 2) больше morning |'mo:nio] п утро; ~ dress домашнее платье, платье-халат mortar-board I'moitoboid] п разе, академическая шапочка с плоским квадратным верхом (у английских студентов и профессоров) most [mausl] 1. а 1) превосх. cm. от much и many 2) наибольший 2. ado 1) превосх. cm. от much 2) больше всего mostly ['msoslli] ado главным образом, большей частью mother ['тлбэ] п мать motherly ['тлбо11] 1. а материнский 2. adv по-матерински motif [mau'ti:!] n 1) основная тема 2) украшение из кружев 242 Vocabulary mountain f'mauntm] n гора mousse fnui;s] n мусс mouth fmauG] n рот, уста move [miirv] и двигать(ся), передви-гать(ся) movement ('muvmontj n движение Mr ['imstol сокр. от mister Mrs f'misiz) сокр. от mistress much |тл1П a (more, most) много multicultural [,тл111'кл11Гэгэ1] a состоящий из (представителей) разных культур, поликультурный muscle 1'тл8э1| п мышца, мускул Muscovite f'nuskavaitl п москвич, москвичка muscular I'mAskjulo] а мышечный, мускульный museum fmju:'zi;oml п музей music f'mjiKzikl п музыка musical ['mjurzikl] 1. п мюзикл; 2. а музыкальный, мелодичный must fmAStI V модальный недостаточный глагол; выражает до.г-женствовапие, обязанность ту [mai] ргоп poss мой, моя, моё, мои myself fmai'self] ргоп re.fl себя, меня самого, себе mysterious (mi'stianasl а таинственный myth [mi0] п 1) миф; 2) несуществующее, выдуманное лицо; несуществующая вещь Nn name [neim] 1. n 1) имя 2) фамилия 3) название 2. о называть, давать имя narrow ['паегэи) а узкий, тесный (тж. перен.) nation ('ncijn) п 1) нация, народ 2) государство, страна national I'naeJnIJ а национальный, народный nationality [,пэе/э'п£е1ш1 п национальность natural I'naelfral] а естественный, природный; настоящий nature l'neit)3| п природа, мир, вселенная navigate f'nacvigeit] у 1) плавать (на судне) 2) управлять {судном и т. п.) Navy ['neivi) п военно-морской флот near [nioj prep возле, у, около nearly I'niolil ado 1) почти, чуть не 2) около, приблизительно 3) близко, тесно neat [nLt] и чистый, опрятный, аккуратный necessary ('nesisan] а необходимый, нужный necessity fno'sositi] п необходимость, нужда neck [пек) п шея need |ni:d| 1. п надобность, нужда 2. у 1) нуждаться в чём-л. 2) требоваться negative ('ncgativ] а отрицательный neighbour ['псФэ] п сосед, соседка neither ... nor |'nai6o ... no:J corr cj ни ... ни nerve [nsrvj n нерв nervous f'narvasj a 1) мед. нервный, нервозный 2) боязливый, робкий net [net] п 1) сеть 2) паутина netball ['netbo:l| п нетбол (род баскет бола для девочек) never j'ncvo] adv никогда new jnju:] a новый news [nju:z| n новость, новости newspaper f'nju:s,peipo| n газета next [ncksti 1. a 1) следующий 2) бли-жайщий, соседний 3) будущий 2. adv затем, потом 3. prep рядом, около nice [naisj а приятный, милый, славный night (паи) п 1) ночь, время от наступления темноты до рассвета; at - ночью 2) вечер; at - вечером nobility [nou'bilitij п благородство nobody I'nsubadij ргоп neg никто noise [noizj п шум, гам, крик nominate ['nomincil] у уст. выставлять, предлагать кандидата Vocabulary 243 non-contact [^non'kontackt] a неконтактный non-sport f,nDn'spo:tJ a неспортивный nor fno:l cj CM. neither normal f'notmll a нормальный, обыкновенный, обычный north (no;0J n север northern I'noidanJ a северный northwest |,nr):0'west] n северо-запад note [naut] n {обыкн. pi) заметка, запись nothing ('пл0н]] pron ничего, ничто notice f'noutisj 1. n внимание; to take - обращать (своё) внимание; 2. v замечать noun [naun] n грам. существительное novel ('novl] n роман now [паи] adv теперь, сейчас nowadays ['nauodeiz) adv в наше время; теперь; в наши дни number ['плтЬо] 1. п число, количество 2. V нумеровать nut ftutl п орех nutrient f'njuitnantj п спец, питательное вещество Оо оак |эик1 п бот. дуб obese |au'bi:s| а тучный, страдающий ожирюнием, полный obesity [3u'bi:soti| п тучность, ожирение, чрезмерная полнота object I ['оЬф|к1| п предмет, вещь object II fob'cfeektj v возражать obligation f,Dbli'geijhj n обязанность, долг occasion [a'kei^nl n событие occupation |,nkju'peijn] n 1) занятие, род занятий 2) профессия ocean I'aufnj n океан o’clock [э'к1пк| см. clock offensive (aTcnsiv) a обидный, оскорбительный offer f'ofal 1. n предложение 2. v предлагать office ['ufibl n 1) служба, место, должность 2) административное здание, контора, канцелярия 3) обязанность, долг officer ['ofiso] п 1) чиновник 2) офицер official la'fijl) 1. п должностное лицо, (крупный) чиновник 2. а официальный often f'nfn, 'oftonl adv часто oh [эн] = о oil [oilj n масло okay [au'kei] a разг. всё в порядке, хорошо, ладно, правильно old [ould] а старый olive I'dIiv] а 1) бот. маслина, олива 2) маслина, оливка (пяод) Olympiad [a'limpued] п олимпиада Olympian jo'Iimpian] а греч. миф. олимпийский, божественный Olympic [a'limpik] а олимпийский Olympics [a'limpiksj п {тж. Olympic Games) Олимпийские игры omelette ['nmlitj n омлет, яичница once [wAns] adv (один) раз, однажды oneself [wAn'self] pron refl себя, себе, собой one-way |,WAn'wci] a односторонний (о движении и т. п.); а ~ plane ticket билет па самолёт в одном направлении (не обратный) onion |'лп[эп) п 1) лук репчатый 2) луковица online |,nn'lain] а 1) а) осуществляемый в режиме реального времени через Интернет б) предоставляющий услуги через Интернет 2) на связи с Сетью, в Интернете only f'ounlij 1. а единственный 2. adv только, исключительно, единственно, лишь onto I'nntu, 'oniaj prep на open ['эирэп] 1. a открытый, раскрытый 2. V открывать(ся) openly ['ouponlij adv открыто, откровенно opera I'npra] n опера operator ['nparejlal n 1) телефонист 2) диспетчер 244 Vocabulary opinion [a'pinjan] n мнение, взгляд, убеждение opportunity f,Dp3'tju:niti] n удобный случай, благоприятная возможность opposite ['npazitj 1. n противоположность 2. a находящийся напротив, противоположный 3. adv напротив, против optimism f'Dptimizam] п оптимизм optimistic(al) l,Dpti'mistik(l)] а оптимистичный, оптимистический option ['ор/эп] п 1) выбор 2) предмет выбора ог [o;J cj или orange ['оппф] п апельсин order I ['э:бэ] п порядок, последовательность order II ['D;dsJ п род, сорт, свойства; in - that с тем, чтобы; in - to для того, чтобы organisation [,o:ganai'zeiJn] n объединение, организация organise ['aganaiz) v организовывать organiser ['aganaiza] n организатор origin ['Dncfein] n происхождение original [a'ncfeinl, э'пфэп!) a творческий, незаурядный Orthodox ('D:03dDksJ n рел. православный other ['лдэ] a другой, иной ougl}t [э:1] V выражает долженствование ounce [auns] п унция our ['аиэ] poss pron наш, наша, наше, наши; свой out |aut| prep: - of указывает на положение вне другого предмета вне, за, из outfit ['autfitl п одежда, полный комплект одежды outside (,aut'saidj 1. а наружный, внешний 2. adv снаружи, из, вне 3. prep вне, за пределами over ('эцуэ] adv 1) окончание чего л.: the lesson is - урок окончен 2) распространение по всему данному месту, по всей территории и т. п. {часто all ~): all - the town по всему городу over ['suvaj prep 1) указывает на период, в течение которого происходило действие за, в, в течение 2) указывает на движение или распространение по какой-л. поверхности в определённом или в разных направлениях по, на 3) указывает на большее количество свыше, сверх, больше 4) указывает на способ передвижения, пересылки, передачи по; ~ the telephone по теле- фону overcoat I'auvakaut] п пальто {мужское), тёплая куртка overcome [,эиуэ'клт] v (overcame; overcome) преодолеть oversize [.auva'saiz] n очень большой размер oversized [,30V3'saizd] a слишком большого размера overweight ['auvaweit] n излишек веса, избыточный вес overwork [,3uva'w3:k] п 1) дополнительная или сверхурочная работа 2) перегрузка, перенапряжение own [эип] 1. а {после притяжательных местоимений и существительных в possessive case) свой собственный; on one’s own самостоятельно, независимо 2. v владеть; иметь, обладать Рр pack |рэек] v упаковывать(ся) package (holiday) l,paekKfc 'holidij n комплексная туристическая поездка pad [peed] v подкладывать (что-л.) мягкое; to - the shoulders подкладывать плечи {пальто, пиджака и т. п.) page [peicfel п страница paint Ipcjnl] V писать красками, заниматься живописью painting I'peintig) п картина pair [реэ] п пара Vocabulary 245 Pakistani [,pa:ki'sta;ni] 1. n пакистанец, пакистанка 2. a пакистанский palace ['paelis] n дворец pancake ['pankeik] n блин, оладья pants (paentsj n pi брюки, штаны papa [рэ'ра:] n детск. папа paper ['ретрэ) n лист бумаги parade [pa'reid] n парад paragraph ('рэегэдга:П n абзац parallel I'paeralell a 1) параллельный 2) аналогичный, похожий paralympic [,pcer3'limpik] a паралимпийский Paralympics [jpicre'limpiks) n {also Paralympic Games) паралимпийские игры pardon ['pa;dn| n прощение, извинение; Pardonl 1) Извините меня1 2) Повторите, пожалуйста! Простите, не расслышал! parent ['реэгэш] п родитель, родительница park |ра;к] п парк parliament |'ра:1этэп1] п парламент part [pa:t] п часть participant fptu'tisipsnt) п участник participate fpa'4isipeit| v принимать участие participation lpo;,tisi'peiJnJ п участие participle ['pa:tisipl] п грам. причастие particular [pa'tikjuiaj а особый, специфический particularly [pa'tikjtjjal!) adv особенно partner ['ра;1пэ] п компаньон, партнёр party ['pa:ti| п званый вечер, вечеринка pass [pa;s] v 1) сдавать; to ~ а test сдать тест 2) пасовать, передавать мяч (в футболе) passage f'p£esid3] ” место, отрывок {из книги) passenger ['ргевтс^э] п пассажир passion ['pfejnj л страстное увлечение passive ['passivj а грам. пассивный, страдательный passport ['pu;spD;t] п паспорт past [past] 1. п прошлое, прошедшее 2. а 1) прошлый, минувший, прошедший 2) грам. прошедший patient ['petfntj а 1) терпеливый 2) упорный, настойчивый patriot ['paetnat, 'paetrmt] п патриот patriotic [,p£etn'Dlik] а патриотический pattern I'psetn] п образец, пример pay [pet] V платить; to ~ attention to sth обращать внимание на что-л.; to - а compliment to sb говорить комплименты кому-л., сделать комплимент кому-л. РЕ (physical education) [,pi: 'i;j n урок физкультуры pea [pi:j n горох peace |pi;s| n мир pen [pen] n ручка pentathlon [pen'taeGlanj n спорт, пятиборье people ['pi:plj n 1) народ, нация 2) pi люди per [рз:| prep за, на, в, с per cent [pa'sent] n процент percentage [pa'senti^] n 1) процентное содержание 2) разг. количество perfect f'p3:fikt] a совершенный, безупречный perform [рэТэ;т] v исполнять, выполнять performance [pa'fn:mans] n выступление performer |роТэ:тэ] n исполнитель perfume ['p3:fju:m| n духи perhaps [pa'haeps] adv может быть, возможно period I'pianad] n период, промежуток времени permission [pa'mijn] n позволение, разрешение person ['p3:snj n человек, личность personal ['p3:s3nlj a личный, персональный personality [,p3:sa'n0eiiti] n личность, индивидуальность personally ['psrsaniij adv лично, сам, персонально 246 Vocabulary pet Ipet] n (любимое) домашнее животное phone [faun] n (сокр. от telephone) раза, телефон; over the ~ no телефону photo ['fautaul n {pi -os [-aoz]) раза. фотография; to take ~s фотографировать photocopy f'fautaUjknpil n фотокопия phrase [freiz] n фраза, выражение, оборот physical I'fizikl) a физический piano [pi'aenouj n (pi -os [-aoz]) фортепиано; рояль pick [pik] V выбирать, подбирать picture ['piktjb] v представлять, воображать picturesque l,piktj3'resk] a живош1сный pie [pai] n пирог, пирожок piece lpi:s) n кусок, часть; ~ of clothing предмет одежды pierce [piasj v прокалывать piercing I'piasir)] n пирсинг pigeon ['picfem] n зоол. голубь Pilates fpi'la:tiz) n пилатес (комплекс физических упражнений: лечебная физкультура и направление в фитнесе) pin [pinj п булавка pin-stripe I'pinstraipl п тонкая светлая полоска (на материи) pirate ['paiarat] п пират pity ['p'tO п 1) жалость, сожаление 2) печальный факт; it is а ~ жаль pizza ['pi:tS3| n пицца place [pleis] 1, n место; to take ~ случаться, иметь место 2. v помещать, ставить plain [plem] n равнина plan [plaen] 1. n план, проект 2. о составлять план, планировать plane |plein| п раза, самолёт planetarium (,plieni'teanam] п (pi тж. -ia) планетарий plant |pla:nt] v сажать plate fpleil] n тарелка platform ['plastfDiml n платформа (shoes with platforms) play [plci] V 1) играть 2) играть (во что-л.), у^гаствовать в игре 3) играть (на музыкальном инструменте) 4) играть (о музыке или музыкальном инструменте)', to -sports заниматься спортом; to -tricks дурачиться, подшучивать (над кем-л.) player I'pleia) п игрок pleasant f'plezantj а приятный, милый, славный please fpli:z) int пожалуйста pleased fpliizd] a довольный pleasure ['р1езэ1 n удовольствие plump [р1лтр] a полный, пухлый plural ['р1шгз1| n арам, множественное число pocket ['pokitj п карман poem ['painmj п стихотворение poet ['potnt] п поэт point (point) п точка; ~ of view точка зрения Pole [рэп1] п поляк, полька; the -s со бир. поляки police (рэ'И;я] п полиция policeman (pa'lrsmon] п (pi -men (-monl) полицейский Polish f'pauhj] n польский язык polite [po'lait] a вежливый political (pa'litikll a политический, государствен ный politician [,pt)li'tijn| n политик, государственный, политический деятель pollution [рэ'кф] п загрязнение polo |'роп1эп| п спорт, поло; water -водное поло polo-neck sweater ('рэи1эшек 'sweta] n водолазка pool [pu:l] n (плавательный) бассейн poor (роэ) a бедный, неимущий; - diet плохое питание pop (рвр) п раза. сокр. от popular popular ['popjola] а популярный, пользующийся известностью, популярностью population [,pDpjn'leiJn] п население, жители Vocabulary 247 porridge ['porictsl n (овсяная) каша portion I'po:Jn] n порция Portuguese [,pr»:tfu'gi:z] 1. n 1) португалец, португалка; the ~ собир. португальцы 2) португальский язык 2. а португальский pose (рэиг) v позировать position [ps'zijn] п положение positive ['pozitiv] а 1) положительный 2) верный, достоверный 3) позитивный, конструктивный possibility (,pDS3'bilmJ n возможность, вероятность possible ('pDsabl] а возможный, вероятный postbox ['paostboks] п почтовый ящик postcard ['p3UStko:d] п почтовая открытка postcode ['paustksud) п (АЕ zip code) почтовый индекс poster ['pausta) п афиша, плакат potato [pa'teitau] п ipl -oes [-aoz]) картофель pound [paund] n 1) фунт (единица веса = 458,6 г) 2) фунт стерлингов poverty ['povati] п бедность, нищета power ('раиа] п власть power lifting [,paoa'liftir)] п поднятие тяжестей practical ('praektikl] а практический; связанный с применением на практике practice ['praektis] n практика practise ['prajktis] v (тж. practice) тренироваться, упражняться, практиковаться precious ['pre/as] a драгоценный prefer [рп'Гз:] v предпочитать; to ~ sth/sb to sth/sb prepare fpri'pea] v 1) готовить, подготавливать 2) готовиться preposition [,prepa'zijn] n грам. предлог prescribe [pn'skraib] v 1) предписывать 2) прописывать (лекарство и т.п.) presence ['prezans] п присутствие present I ('preznt] n настоящее время; at - в данное время present II ['preznt] а 1) присутствующий 2) данный; тот, о котором идёт речь 3) настоящий, нынешний, теперешний, современный present III 1. п ['preznt] подарок 2. v [pn'zent] дарить preserve [pn'zaiv] v сохранять president ['prezidantj n президент presidential [,prezi'denjl| a президентский press [pres] v 1) нажимать 2) давить pressure ['preja] n давление, воздействие, нажим pretend [pn'tend] v притворяться, делать вид pretty ['pritij a 1) милый, прелестный, привлекательный 2) хорошенький (о женщине, ребёнке) price [prais] п цена priest [pri:st] п священник primary ['praimanj а начальный printer ['printaj п тех. печатное устройство, принтер prison ['pnznj п тюрьма prize [praizj п награда, приз probably ['probabli] adv вероятно problem ['problamj n проблема, вопрос proceed [pra'si:d] v 1) продолжать (путь), идти далее 2) переходить process ['prauses] п процесс produce [pra'dju:sj v производить producer [pra'djuisaj n производитель, изготовитель product ['prodAkt] n продукт profession [pra'fejn] n профессия, род занятий professional [pra'fejnl] n профессионал profile ['prairfailj n профиль, краткая характеристика programme ['ргаидгжт] n программа project ['ргофск!] n проект promise ['promisj 1. n обещание; to keep one’s - исполнить, выполнить обещание 2. v обещать 248 Vocabulary promote Ipra'maut] v способствовать, поддержи вать pronounce [pra'naunsj v произносить, выговаривать proper ['ргорэ] a правильный, подходящий properly ['propali] adv должным образом, правильно; как следует protect [pra'tekt] v защищать (from — от чего-л.; against — против чего-л.) protection [pra'tekjnl п защита protein ['ргэий;п] п протеин, белок proud [praudj а гордый; to be - of гордиться prove [pru:v] v доказывать proverb ['prov3:b] n пословица provide [pra'vaid] v 1) обеспечивать, снабжать 2) предоставлять public ['рлЬЬк] 1. n публика, народ; in ~ открыто, публично; на людях 2. а общественный publish I'pAbliJ] V публиковать, издавать pudding f'pudiol тг пудинг, запеканка puffy ['рлй] а пышный pullover f'pul,3uv3l n пуловер, свитер pumpkin ['рлтркш] п тыква pupil ('pju:plj п ученик, учащийся purple ['рз:р1| а фиолетовый, лиловый purpose ['рз:рэь] п цель; on ~ нарочно, с целью put [р?Д1 V (put) 1) класть, ставить; положить, поставить 2) ставить; помещать, размещать; to - on надевать; to ~ out вытягивать, высовывать Qq quality ('kwoliti] п качество queen [kwi:n] п королева question f'kwesifan) п вопрос questionable f'kwestfansbl] а сомнительный, ненадёжный questionnaire [,kwest9'nc3] п анкета; вопросник; опросный лист queue |kju:| 1. п очередь 2. v стоять в очереди quick [kwikj а быстрый, скорый quiet ['kwui3t| а тихий quite (kwait] adv вполне, совершенно Rr race freis] n состязание в беге radio ['reidiau) n {pi -os [auz]) радио railway ['reilweij n 1) железная дорога 2) attr железнодорожный rain [rcinj v: it ~s, it is -ing идёт дождь raincoat ['геткэгЛ] n непромокаемое пальто, плащ rainy ['remij a дождливый raise [reiz] о 1) поднимать 2) выращивать, воспитывать 3) собирать {налоги, деньги) гаке [rejk] v сгребать граблями rarely ['геэЬ) adv редко, не часто rather ['га:бэ] adv 1) скорее, лучше; -than предпочтительнее, чем ... 2) довольно reach [ri;tf] v 1) {часто for) дотягиваться, тянуться 2) достигать {места назначения)’, доезжать, доходить, добираться read [rkd] v (read) читать ready ['redi] a готовый, приготовленный ready meal [,redi n еда, которую после покупки не нужно готовить, можно сразу есть ready-made [,redi'meid] а готовый real (по!) а действительный, настоящий reality (n'aelitTj n 1) действительность, реальность 2) реалистичность, реализм realise ['nalaiz] v представлять себе; (ясно) понимать, осознавать really f'nali] adv 1) действительно, на самом деле 2) эмоц.-усил. очень, крайне, чрезвычайно 3) в грам. знач. междометия разг. разве? вот как! правда! reason ['ri;zn] п причина, повод, основание Vocabulary 249 reasonable ['п;гэпэЫ) a 1) разумный 2) обоснованный receive [n'si:v] v получать, принимать recent ('riissnt) a недавний, последний; новый, свежий, современ-ный recently ['riisantli] adv недавно recipe ['resipij n рецепт recognize ['rekagnaizj v {BE also -nise) 1) узнавать, опознавать 2) признавать recommend [,гекэ'тепб] v рекомендовать, советовать record ['reko:dJ n рекорд recording [ri'ko:dio] n звукозапись recycle [,ri:'saikll v повторно использовать (отходы производства) red [red] a красный reform [n'fnrmj n реформа, преобразование refuse [n'fju:z] и 1) отказывать, отвергать 2) отказываться regime [rei'3i:mj n режим regiment ('гефташ] n воен. полк region ['riidjanj n область, район, зона, край regional |'п:с|5эп1] а 1) областной, районный, местный 2) региональный regret [n'gretj 1. п сожаление 2. и 1) сожалеть 2) раскаиваться regular ['regjubj а 1) размеренный, регулярный 2) обычный 3) постоянный regularity [.regjaMaerotij n постоянство regularly ['regjublij adv 1) правильно, размеренно 2) регулярно, через одинаковые промежутки relate jn'leit] v относиться, иметь отношение relation [n'leijnj п отношение, связь, зависимость relative ['rebtivj п родственник relax [n'laeks] v расслаблять(ся), делать передышку relay ['riileij n спорт, эстафета reliable [n'laisblj а 1) надёжный 2) заслуживающий доверия religion In'Iicfesn] п религия religious [n'lictjas] а религиозный rely [ri'laij V полагаться, надеяться, доверять (on, upon) remarkable |n'makobl] a выдающийся, необыкновенный remember [п'тетЬэ] v помнить, вспоминать remove [ri'muv] v снимать render ['rendaj v переводить (c одного иностранного языка на другой) rent [rent] v арендовать, снимать, брать внаём repair [п'рсэ] v ремонтировать, чинить repeat [ri'piitj v повторять replace jn'plcis] и 1) пополнять, восстанавливать 2) заменять, замещать reply [ri'plai] V отвечать report [п'рэ:1] I. п доклад, сообщение, отчёт 2. V сообщать, рассказывать, описывать represent [,repri'zentj v 1) представлять собой, олицетворять 2) символизировать, означать 3) быть представителем, представлять republic [п'рлЬЬк] п республика reputation |,repju'teijn| п репутация, глава, доброе имя request [n'kwest] п просьба; (вежливое) требование research [n'ssrtf, 'ri:s3:tj] п исследование, изучение reservation [,гегэ'уе|/п] п предварительный заказ; hotel ~ предварительный заказ номера в гостинице reserve [ri'z3:v] v заказывать заранее reserved [ri'z3:vd] а 1) скрытый, сдержанный, замкнутый 2) заказанный заранее resort [n'zo;tj п курорт (тж. health-) respond [ri'spnnd] v 1) отвечать 2) отвечать, делать что-л. в ответ 3) реагировать, отзываться (на что-л.) respondent [ri'spDndontj п ответчик 250 Vocabulary response [n'spons] n ответ; in ~ в ответ responsible [n'spDnstblJ a ответственный (to — перед, for — за) rest (rest) n (the ~) остаток, остальное restaurant ['restaront) n ресторан restore fn'stD:] v 1) восстанавли-вать(ся) 2) возвращать {на прежнее место) result [ri'zAlt] 1. n результат 2. v кончаться (чем-л.) (in), иметь (своим) результатом (что-л.) retro f'retrau] а ретро return [п'1з:п] 1. п 1) возврат, возмещение; in - взамен, в обмен, в ответ; many happy ~s (of the day) поздравляю c днём рождения, желаю вам многих лет жизни 2. v возвращаться reuse [,ri:'ju;z) v использовать снова rewrite [,ri;'rait] v (rewrote; rewritten) переписывать rhythmic ['ndniikj a ритмический rich fritf) a богатый rid fnd] V (rid; ridded) освобождать, избавлять; to get - of sth, sb освободиться, отделаться, избавиться от чего-л., кого-л. ride [raid] 1. п прогулка {на велосипеде, машине, верхом и т. п.) 2. и (rode; ridden) 1) ехать, ездить верхом 2) ехать, ездить {в машине, на велосипеде, поезде и т. п.) ridiculous fri'dikjulos] а смехотворный, смешной, нелепый right [raitj 1. n право 2. а 1) правый, справедливый 2) подходящий 3) здоровый, в хорошем состоянии; to be all - быть в поряд-ке/чувствовать себя хорошо 3. adv 1) верно, правильно 2) точно, как раз ring Inp] п кольцо ripped fript] а рваный, разорванный river f'rrvsl n река road [raud] n дорога, шоссе robber ['гоЬэ] n грабитель, вор rock [rok] = rock’n’roll rock’n’roll [,п)к ЭП 'raui) n муз. рок-н-ролл role [raul] n роль rolled [rauld] a закрученный, свёрнутый; - umbrella складывающийся зонт Roman ['rauman] n римлянин romantic [rau'maentik] a романтический room [ru:ni, rum) n комната root [ru;t] n грим, корень rope [raupj n канат, верёвка rouble I'ruibll n рубль rough [глГ] a 1) шершавый 2) грубый round [raund] 1. adv 1) указывает на движение no всей площади, по всему району и т. п. по 2) указывает на протекание действия в течение всего периода времени: all the year - весь год 2. prep 1) указывает на нахождение вокруг предмета вокруг, кругом 2) указывает на протекание действия по всему району, по всей территории вокруг, по rounded f'raundid] а закруглённый, округлённый route [lutj n маршрут row (rauj V плыть на вёслах royal ['raial] а королевский rubbish ['глЬгП п мусор, сор, хлам ruffle ('глП1 п 1) оборка 2) кружевная гофрированная манжета rugby I'rAgbi] п регби rule [ntll 1. п правило, норма; as а - как правило 2. v править run [глп] V (ran; run) бежать, бегать runner ['глпэ) п бегун, участник состязания в беге Russian ('гл/п] 1. п 1) русский, русская; the -S собир. русские 2) русский язык 2. а русский Ss sack [кжк] п мешок safe [seif] n безопасный, надёжный safely f'seiflj) adv без риска, безопасно Vocabulary 251 safety ['seifti] n безопасность, сохранность safety pin ['seifti pin] n булавка sailing ['seilir)] n 1) плавание 2) парусный спорт saint [seint] n рел. святой, праведник salad ['ssebdj n салат sale [sell] n распродажа no сниженным ценам salt [so:lt] n соль sambo ['saembauj n спорт, самбо same [seim] pron demonstr как прил. тот (же) самый; одинаковый sandal ('sjendlj п сандалия satisfied ['saetisfaidj а удовлетворённый, довольный saucepan ['so:spaen] п кастрюля save [seiv] v спасать, экономить say [sei] V (said) говорить, сказать saying ['seiiq] n пословица, поговорка scale [skeilj n шкала (обыкн. измерительного инструмента) scan [skasn] v бегло просматривать с целью поиска конкретной информации Scandinavian [,skaendi'neivi3n] 1. п 1) скандинав, скандинавка; the ~s собир. скандинавы 2) собир. скандинавские языки 2. а скандинавский scarf [ska:fj п (pi тж. scarves) шарф scarlet ['skaditj а ярко-красный, алый; багровый scary ['skesri] а разг. жуткий scene [si:n] п сцена, эпизод scenery ['sunon] п пейзаж, ландшафт schedule ['/edju:!] п расписание, график scholarship I'skobjip] n стипендия (обыкн. поощрительная) school (sku:lj п школа, учебное заведение schoolgirl ('sku;lg3:l] п школьница, ученица science ['saisns] п наука scientific [,sai3n'tifik| а научный scientist ['saiantistj п учёный score [sko:] п счёт, количество набранных очков Scot [skot] n шотландец Scottish I'skotiJ] a шотландский screen [skri:n] n экран sea [si:j n море search [S3:t(] v искать seaside ['sirsaidj n 1) морской курорт 2) attr приморский season ['si;znj n время года seasoning ('stznioj n приправа, специи seat [si:t] n место (для сидения) seat belt f'sLt belt] n ремень безопасности second ['sekand] a второй (no счёту) second-hand [,sekand'haend] a подержанный secondly ['sekondlij adv во-вторых secret ['si:knt] n секрет, тайна secretive ['sirkritiv, si'kiiitiv] a скрытный, замкнутый secretly f'sLkntli] adv тайно, втайне от других; скрытно section ['sek/nj п часть (целого), отрезок, участок see [si:] и (saw; seen) видеть seed [si:d] n 1) семя, зерно 2) собир. семена seem [si:m] v казаться, представляться seldom ['seldam] adv редко self-centered [.selfsentsd] a эгоистичный, занятый самим собой self-confident [,selfkt)nfid3ntl a 1) самоуверенный, самонадеянный 2) уверенный в себе, в своих силах sell [sel] V (sold) 1) продать 2) торговать, продавать send [send] v (sent) посылать, присылать sense [sens] n чувство, ощущение sensible ['sensibl] a 1) разумный, благоразумный, здравомыслящий 2) ощутимый, заметный sensibly ['sensiblij adv 1) разумно 2) ощутимо, заметно 252 Vocabulary sentence ['scntons] n гром, предложение sentimental [,senti'mentl] a сентиментальный, чувствительный separate ['sepnt] 1. a 1) отдельный; изолированный 2) особый, специальный, самостоятельный 2. v ['sepgreitj отделять, разъединять sequence ['si:kwansj п последовательность; ряд; порядок {следования) serious I'siorias] а серьёзный servant ['saivant] п служащий {государственного учреждения) serve [s3:v] у 1) служить 2) подавать {на стол) 3) обслуживать service f's3:vis] n 1) служба 2) обслуживание 3) услуга set [set] V (set) 1) обыкн. pass, помещаться, располагаться, происходить (о действии) 2) устанавливать, определять, назначать 3) ставить {рекорд); to - off отправляться (в дорогу, путешествие); to ~ up 1) основывать, уч-реж-дать 2) открывать {какое л. дело) several ['sevralj а несколько sex [seks] п пол shake [feikj v (shook; shaken) трясти; to - hands пожать друг другу руку shall [[ael] v вспомогательный глагол; служит для образования формы будущего времени shampoo [/жт'ри:] п шампунь shape Lle>pl п 1) форма, очертание 2) вид, образ, облик 3) спортивная форма shaped f/eiptj а имеющий определённую форму share [fea] и 1) делить, распределять; разделять 2) разделять {мнение, вкусы и т. п.) shawl [[э;1] п шаль, платок shell [felj п раковина ship IJip] п корабль, судно shipping f'fipio] п судоходство; - company судоходная компания shirt изй| п рубашка {мужская), блуза shock Lfuk] п потрясение, удар shocked [fokt] а потрясённый shoe [fill] п туфля, ботинок shoot [fu:t] V (shot) стрелять, охотиться shop [I'np] 1. п лавка, магазин 2. v делать покупки shopping ['Jopir)] п посещение магазина с целью покупки {чего л.); to do one’s - делать покупки; to go ~ отправляться за покупками, ходить по магазинам shore fja:] п берег short [foitj а короткий, краткий, краткосрочный; to be - of sth испытывать нужду, нехватку в чём-л. shortly ['Jo:tlij adv скоро, вскоре should [fad, Jud] 1) вспомогательный глагол; служит для образования условного наклонения. 2) модальный глагол, выражаю щий; долженствование, умеет ность, целесообразность, предпо ложение shoulder ['Jauldaj п плечо shoulder pads ['/ouldo pacdz] n pi подплечники; shoulder-padded jacket пиджак c подплечниками shout [faut] 1. n громкий крик, возглас 2. V кричать, громко говорить show [fouj 1. п 1) показ, демонстрация 2) зрелище 3) выставка 2. v (showed [-dj; showed, shown) 1) показывать 2) демонстрировать; to ~ off красоваться, рисоваться shut [fAtj V (shut) затворять, закрывать sick [sikj a преим. AE больной side [siud] n сторона sight [salt] n 1) вид 2) pi достопримечательности Vocabulary 253 sightseeing ['sait,si:io) n осмотр достопримечательностей; to go - осматривать достопримечательности sign [sain] n 1) признак, примета, свидетельство 2) знак, обозначение silk [silk] n шёлк, шёлковая ткань silly ['sih] а глупый silver I'silvsj 1. п серебро 2. а серебряный similar ['similaj а подобный (to); сходный, похожий similarity [,simi'l£enu] п сходство simple ['simpl] а простой, несложный since [smsj 1. adu так как 2. prep с sing [ыр] V (sang; sung) петь singer ['sipoj n певец; певица single I'sipql] a годный в одном направлении (о проездном билете) sister I'sists] п сестра sit [sit] V (sat) сидеть site [salt] n (интернет-) сайт situated ['sitfucitid] a расположенный situation [jSilfu'eiJ’n] n 1) ситуация, положение {дел) 2) местоположение, расположение size [saiz] п размер skate [skeit] 1. п коньки 2. и кататься на коньках skateboarding ['skeitbnidip] п катание на скейтборде skating ['skeitip] n 1) бег/катание на коньках 2) конькобежный спорт skiing ['ski:ip] n 1) лыжный спорт 2) ходьба на лыжах skilful ['skilfl] а искусный, умелый, ловкий, опытный skill [skil] n искусство, мастерство, умение skin [skin] п кожа; ~ саге уход за кожей skip [skip] и 1) прыгать, скакать 2) пропускать skirt [sk3:t] п юбка sky [skai] п небо skyscraper ]'skai,skreipo| п небоскрёб sleep [sli;p[ v (slept) спать sleeve [sli;v] n рукав slim [slim] a тонкий, стройный slow [slsu] 1. a медленный 2. v замедлять, сбавлять скорость (обыкн. to - down) 3. udv медленно small [small] a маленький, небольшой smart [sniait] a 1) толковый, умный 2) нарядный, изящный smile [small] v улыбаться smoke [smauk] v курить smooth [smuid] a гладкий snack [snaek] v перекусывать на ходу (on) sneakers ['sniikaz] n pi AE кроссовки snow [snou] 1. n cner 2. v: it ~s, it is -ing идёт снег snowboarding ('snaobaidiij] n катание на сноуборде snowy ['snoui] a 1) покрытый снегом 2) снежный so [sou] 1. adv 1) указывает на степень качества или па большое количество так 2) указывает на эмфатическое выделение качества такой 3) в начале предложе ним указывает на вывод из ска запного ранее итак 2, су 1) вводит предложение, указывающее на заключение или вывод из предшествующего высказывания так что, поэтому, следовательно 2) вводит придаточные предложения цели для того, чтобы {тж. so that) soak [souk] v мочить, замачивать soap [soup] n мыло sociable ['soujobi] a 1) общительный 2) дружеский social ['soujl] a общественный, социальный society [so'saioti] n общество sociological [,sousio'lDd5ikl, ,souJio'lDcfeikl] a социологический sock [sok] n носок soft [soft] a ласковый, нежный solve (sdIv[ V решать, разрешать some [ялт, som] pron indef 1) кое-кто, некоторые, одни, другие 2) некоторое количество; ~ day когда-нибудь, в один прекрасный день 254 Vocabulary somebody ['sAinbodil pron inde.f 1) кто-то, кое-кто 2) кто-нибудь someone I'sAmwAn] pi-on indef кто-то, кто-нибудь something f'sAm6ir)J pron indef как сущ. что-то, кое-что, нечто, что-нибудь sometimes ['sAmtaimz] adv иногда somewhere ('SAmwcaj adv где-то, где-нибудь; куда-то, куда-нибудь son [5лп| п сын song [SDF)] п песня soon (sinij adv скоро sorry I'sDril a 1) огорчённый, сожалеющий; I’m sorry!/SorryI Виноват! Извините! Простите! 2) печальный, мрачный; to feel - for sb глубоко сочувствовать кому-л. sort [so:tl п сорт, вид sound [saimd] v звучать, создавать впечатление, казаться soup [sii:p] л суп south [saoBl п юг southern ['sAdonl а южный souvenir [,su:vo'ni3, 'suivanial л сувенир sovereignty f'scvrantij л суверенитет, суверенность, независимость Soviet ['s3uvi3t| а русск. советский space [speisj л пространство; интервал Spanish I'spacniJl 1. л 1) испанский язык 2) the ~ собир. испанцы 2. а испанский speak [spi:kj v (spoke; spoken) говорить special ['spejl) a 1) особый 2) особенный specially ['spejli] adv 1) особенно 2) специально specific [spi'sitik] a особый, специальный spectacular fspek'taekjulal a эффектный, захватывающий speech [5р1;(Л n речь speed [spiidj л скорость spend [spendj v (spent) 1) тратить, растрачивать, расходовать 2) проводить (время) spiky ['spaikij а торчащие в разные стороны (о волосах) spoil fspoilI V (spoilt или spoiled) портить sponsor ['spnnsaj л спонсор spoon [spu;n| Л ложка sport [spoil I Л 1) спорт, спортивные игры 2) pi спортивные игры sporting ['spoitipj a спортивный sportsman ['spoitsmonj л (pi -men [-mon|) спортсмен sportswear ['spoitsweaj n спортивная одежда sporty I'spoai] a pa.jz. спортивный, спортивного вида sprint [spnntj n бег на короткую дистанцию, спринт sprinter I'sprinlo] л спорт, спринтер, бегун на короткую дистанцию square [skwcaj л площадь squeeze [skwi.zj v выжимать, выдавливать stadium ['sleidiamj л (pi -dia) стадион stage [stcidj] л сцена stand [siajndJ v (stood) 1) стоять 2) выносить, переносить standard j'staendad] a стандартный, соответствующий установленному образцу star [sta:] л звезда, ведущий актёр или актриса stare [steo] v пристально смотреть, уставиться start [stall 1- п начало 2. v начинать, приступать (к чему-л.); to - off разг. усил. начинать state [steit] л 1) государство 2) штат statement ['steitmantj л высказывание station ('steijn) л станция statistics [sta'tistiks] л 1) статистика 2) статистические данные stay [steij 1. л пребывание 2. v 1) оставаться 2) останавливаться, гостить 3) пребывать, оставаться (в каком-л. состоянии и.пи положе нии) Vocabulary 255 stay-at-home ['sleiat,h9um] n домосед steamer ['stiimaj n пароход steamship ('sti;m,Jipl n пароход, паровое судно steel band ['sti:I biendj n оркестр, играющий на стальных барабанах step [stepI n шаг; ~ by - по пятам stick [silk I V придерживаться (чего-л.) sticker ['slikaj n наклейка, этикетка still I [stil] adv неподвижно, спокойно, тихо still II [sill] 1. adv до сих пор, (всё) ещё 2. cj всё же, тем не менее, однако stir [st3:l V мешать, помешивать, размешивать; взбалтывать stocking I'stDkjr)! п чулок stop [sIdpI 1. п остановка 2. v 1) ос-танавливать(ся) 2) остановить 3) прекращать store |sto:] n 1) АЕ магазин 2) универмаг story |'sto:ri| п повесть, рассказ straight [streit] 1. а прямой 2. adv прямо strait [streit] п пролив strange [streintfej а странный, необычный, чудной stranger ['streindjaj п 1) незнакомец 2) чужестранец 3) посторонний человек straw [stro;] п 1) солома 2) соломинка; - hat соломенная шляпа strawberry ['stiDibsnj п бот. земляника, клубника street jstri'.t] п улица street wear ['stri;t wea] n уличная мода strength [slreo0] n сила stress [strcs] л 1) давление, напряжение 2) психол. стресс stripe jstrarp] п полоса strong [sirori] а 1) сильный 2) здоровый 3) прочный 4) выразительный structure ['stFAkt/aj п структура, устройство stud [stAd] п кнопка, заклёпка; зд. серьга-гвоздик, пуссета (для пир синга) student ['stju:dantj п студент, студентка study ['stAdij 1. л 1) изу^1ение; нау^1-ные занятия 2) обыкн. р1 учение, занятие 2. и 1) учить, изучать 2) учиться, заниматься stuff [stAf] л 1) вещество 2) вещи, имущество stupid ['stju:pid| а глупый, тупой style [stall] л стиль stylish ['stailij] а 1) стильный, выдержанный в каком-л. стиле 2) модный, элегантный subject j'sAbdiikl] л 1) предмет (разго вора и т. л.) 2) предмет, дисциплина 3) субъект 4) грам. подлежащее success [sak'ses] л успех successful [sak'sesfl] а успешный, удачный such [SAt/J а такой; ~ as 1) как, например 2) такой ... как sugar ['Года] л сахар suggest [sa't^sest] i; предлагать, советовать suggestion [sa'cljestfan] л совет, предложение suit [su:t, sju:t] 1. л костюм; trouser ~ брючный костюм 2. и 1) быть к лицу 2) подходить, соответствовать suitcase ]'su:tkeis, 'sjutkeis] л чемодан {обычно небольшой и плоский) sum ]sAm] л сумма, количество summary ['sAman] л краткое изложение summer ['sAma] л лето sumo wrestling [,su:mau 'reslig] n спорт, борьба сумо sun [sad] л солнце sunbathe ['sAnbeid] v загорать на солнце sunny ['sAni] a солнечный super ['sii:pa. 'sju;po] a жаре, превосходный, великолепный supermarket ['su:pa,mo:kit, 'sJii:po,ma;kit] n супермаркет, большой магазин самообслуживания supermodel ['su:pa,mndl, 'sjupo.modl] n супермодель supper ]'SApa] л ужин, время ужина 256 Vocabulary support [sa'po:tJ 1. n поддержка 2. v 1) поддерживать 2) помогать (л»а териальпо) 3) оказывать {моральную) поддержку 4) защищать, помогать, содействовать suppose (sa'paozj v 1) полагать, думать, считать 2) предполагать, допускать 3) подразумевать, предполагать supposition (,SAp3'zi|nl п предположение sure [foa] 1. а уверенный; I’m ~ я уве-рен/убеждён; to make ~ убедиться, удостовериться 2. ado АЕ конечно, непременно surf (S3:f) о кататься по волнам на доске surfer ('s3:fo] п спортсмен, занимающийся сёрфингом surfing ['s3:fipl п сёрфинг, катание по волнам на доске surprise Iso'praizJ 1. п 1) удивление, изумление; to my - к моему удивлению 2) неожиданность, сюрприз 2. V удивлять, поражать surprising [so'praizip] а удивительный, поразительный, неожиданный surprisingly [sg'praiziplil ado удивительно, поразительно survey f's3:vei] п обозрение, осмотр, обзор swap [swnpj V менять, обменивать, обмениваться (for — чем-л.; with — с кем-л.) sweater I'swetoJ п свитер sweatshirt ['swctfs:!] п хлопчатобумажный спортивный свитер sweet (swi;tl 1. а 1) сладкий 2) прелестный 3) разг. милый, прелестный 2. п леденец, конфета; ~ tooth сладкоежка sweeten ['swi:tnl и подслащивать, делать сладким swim f'swimi о (swam; swum) плавать; to go -ming заниматься плаванием swimming f'swimio] n плавание swimming pool ['swimiij pu:l] n плавательный бассейн symbol ['simbl] n символ, эмблема symbolise ['simbalaizj v 1) символизировать 2) изображать символически symptom ['simptam] n симптом synchronised swimming [,sir)kr3naizd 'swimiiil ^ спорт, синхронное плавание synthetic fsin'Oetik] a 1) искусственный 2) синтетюхеский system ['sistim] n 1) система, способ, метод 2) устройство Tt table ['teiblj n 1) стол 2) таблица tablet ['taeblitl n таблетка tail [teill n хвост tailcoat f'teilkout] n фрак take fteikj v (took; taken) 1) брать 2) занимать, отнимать {время, место)’, to ~ part in принимать участие; to ~ а photo фотографировать; to ~ up браться за что-л., заняться; to - off one’s (clothes) снимать с себя (одежду) take-off ['teikofl п ав. взлёт talk (to:kJ 1. л разговор, беседа 2. о говорить, разговаривать (about, of — о чём-л.; with — с кем-л.) talkative ['torkativl а разговорчивый, болтливый talk show l'to:k /эи] п беседа или интервью со знаменитостью, видным деятелем и т. п. tall [to;ll а высокий tartan ['toitn] л клетчатая шерстяная материя {шотландка) taste (tcistl 1. л вкус {чувство) 2. о (по)пробовать {на вкус) tasty ['teistrl а вкусный Tatar (= Tartar) ['1а:1э1 л 1) татарин, татарка; the ~s собир. татары 2) татарский язык tattoo Ito'tu;, tac'tu:] л татуировка tea [ti:| л чай teach о (taught) учить, обучать teacher ['liitfaj л учитель team [tiim] л спортивная команда teapot ['tiipotl л чайник Vocabulary 257 tear [tio] n слеза technique [tek'ni;k| n 1) техника, технические приёмы 2) метод; методика, способ teenage f'ti:nci^] а находящийся в возрасте от 13 до 19 лет teenager |'ti:ncict>3l п подросток teeth fti;61 п pi от tooth telegram ['telignemj n телеграмма telephone ('telifaun] n телефон television |'leli,vi3n, ,tcli'vi3nl n телевидение tell [tel] V (told) 1) рассказывать 2) говорить 3) сказать telly f'telil n ра.1г. телевизор temperature ['temprotjoj n температура; to run a - иметь повышенную температуру temporary |Четрагэп] a временный ten Iten] пит card десять tendency f'tendcasi] n стремление, склонность, тенденция tennis I'tenis] n теннис term ft3:ml n семестр terrible |'tenbl| a ужасный, страшный territory I'temriJ n территория test ftesti 1. n контрольная работа 2. V подвергать проверке text [tekst] n текст textile ['ickstaill n 1) обыкн. pi текстиль 2) ткань (волокно) Thai [taij 1. n 1) представитель народа таи 2) тайский язык 2. а тай-ский than [боп] cj чем thank [Oaeqkl v благодарить thanksgiving (,0ajr)ks'grvjr)l n благодарение that [бад] pron demonstr тот, та, 'го theatre ['Giata] n театр their [бсэ] pron poss их; свой, свои them f5eml pron pers (косе, падеж от they) им theme [0i:m| n тема, предмет разговора, рассуждения, сочинения themselves [dam'selvzl pron ref I себя, -СЯ, себе then [беп] adv 1) тогда 2) потом, затем therapy ['0crapi| л лечение there [бео] adv 1) там 2) туда thermometer |0э'тотИэ] п термометр these |6i;zJ pi от this thick [0ik] о 1) толстый 2) густой thin [0ш| а тонкий thing [0щ] п вещь think [0щк] и (thought) думать third [03:d] пит ord третий thirdly ['03;dli| adv в-третьих thirteen [,0:j:'li:n] пит card тринадцать thirty |'03:til num card тридцать this [6is] pron demonstr (pi these) этот, эта, это those f6ouz| pron pi от that though |6ou| conj хотя, несмотря на thoughtless I'Oatbs] a бездумный, беспечный, неосмотрительный thousand I'Gauzand] пит card тысяча thrilling ['0nlinl a волнующий, захватывающий through [0ru:] prep через, сквозь, по throw [0гэи] V (threw; thrown) бросать, кидать Thursday ['03:zdi| n четверг thus 16asJ adv так, таким образом; поэтому tick [tikj 1. n отметка, птичка, галочка 2. V делать отметку, помечать ticket f'tiku] п билет tidy f'taidi] 1. а опрятный, аккуратный 2. V убирать tie [tail 1. п 1) узел; связь 2) галстук 2. V завязывать(ся), привязывать tight [taitj а тесный, узкий tights [tails] л pi колготы till [tilj cj до тех пор; пока (не) time [taim] л 1) время 2) обычно р1 времена, пора, эпоха (в историческом аспекте) 3) раз timetable ['taim,teiblj л расписание (школьное и т. л.) tip [tip] л совет tired [taiadj а усталый title I'taitlj 1, л 1) заглавие 2) звание 2. V называть, давать заглавие to [tu;, Ш, to] prep ука.зывает на направление к, в, на 258 Vocabulary toast [l30s(J n ломтик хлеба, подрумяненный на огне; гренок, тост toe [tauj rt палец ноги together [to'gedp] adv вместе; to get -собирать(ся) tomorrow [O'morpuj adv завтра tonight [tp'nait] n сегодняшний вечер too [tu;] adv 1) слишком; (that’s) ~ bad! как жалко! 2) очень 3) также, тоже tooth |tu:01 п (pi teeth) зуб toothpaste f'tu:0peistj n зубная паста top Itnpl n 1) верх 2) топ (майка с тонкими бретелями) topic ['topikj п тема (обсуждения, сочинения) total ['tputlj п целое, сумма, итог touch [tAin V касаться, трогать tough [Uf| а 1) выносливый, упорный 2) суровый tour [1ш| п путешествие, поездка; guided - экскурсионная поездка с гидом tourist ['tuaristj п турист, путешественник tournament ['tuanamont, 'toinamant] л турнир, спортивное соревнование towards fta'wadz] prep к, по направлению к tower [Чаио| п башня town [taun] п город, городок toy [toi] п игрушка trace [treisj v проследить track [inekj л спорт, беговая дорожка; - and field athletics l,tra:k on 'fi;id 0C0'lctib;J лёгкая атлетика tracksuit |'tra;ksu;t, 'tneksju:t] л спортивный костюм tradition (tro'dijn] л традиция traditional [tro'dijonl] a традиционный traffic ['tnefikj л транспорт traffic jam ['treefik ,ctsa;m) л дорожная «пробка», скопление транспорта train Itrein] 1. л поезд 2. v тренироваться trainers ('treinoz] л pi кроссовки, спортивные туфли trait [ireitj л характерная черта tram Itracni] л трамвай transit passenger ['traensit ,p8esinct5ol л транзитный пассажир transport ['lr£enspo:tl л 1) транспорт 2) средство сообщения transportation [,tracnspo:'tciJn] л перевозка travel I'trajvl] 1. - card проездной билет 2. V путешествовать travel agency I'trsevl ,е|фэп511 л бюро путешествий travel agent ['tracvl ,с1фэт] л представитель туристического агентства treat [tri:tl v 1) обращаться, относиться 2) лечить (for sth от чего-л, with sth чем-л.) 3) угощать (to sth чем-л.) trend [trendl л 1) курс, направление 2) общее направление, тенденция trendy ['trendij а разе, модный, стильный trick [trikj л шутка, шалость; to play ~8 подшучивать (над кем.-л.); обманывать (кого-л.) trip [tnpl л путешествие, поездка tropical I'tropikl] а тропический trouble [ЧглЫ] 1. л беспокойство 2. v беспокоить(ся) trousers ['trauzoz] л брюки true ftru;] а 1) верный, правильный 2) верный, преданный trust [trASt] V доверять(ся), полагаться truth ftru:0] л правда try [trai] V пробовать, пытаться; to ~ off (по)пробовать; to ~ (on) примерять (платье) T-shirt л тенниска, футболка tube [tju:b] л 1) труба 2) туннель 3) метрополитен (в Лондоне) tunic ['tju;nik] л воен. китель, мундир turkey l't3:ki) л зоол. индюк, индейка Turkish |Чз:кгП л турецкий язык Turk |1з:к] л турок, турчанка; the ~s собир. турки turn I [t3:nj V достигнуть (возраста) turn II [t3:n] 1. л очередь 2. v вра-щать(ся), вертеть(ся); to ~ up сделать громче Vocabulary 259 turtleneck sweater ('tsrtlnek 'swetaj n AE свитер c воротником «хомут», водолазка tweed ltwi:d] n твид (ткань) twice [twaisj adv дважды type [taip] n 1) тип, типичный образец 2) модель, образец typical ['tipikl] а типичный Uu Udmurt lud'muot] 1. a удмуртский 2. n 1) удмурт, удмуртка; the ~s pi собир. удмурты; 2) удмуртский язык ugly ('лд11| а уродливый, некрасивый Ukrainian L)u:'kreini9n] 1. n 1) украинец, украинка; the -s pi собир. украинцы 2) украинский язык 2. а украинский umbrella [лт'Ьге1о] п зонтик unadventurous IjAnad'ventforGs] а 1. несмелый 2. без (опасных) приключений unbelievable [,Anbi'li:v3blj а невероятный uncountable [An'kauntabI] а бесчисленный, неисчислимый under ('апйэ] prep 1) под 2) указыва ет на меньшую степень, более низкую цену, меньший возраст ниже, меньше underground ['Aiidagraund] n 1) метрополитен 2) разг. андеграунд underline (,Апбэ'1ат] v подчёркивать understand [,Anda'sta2nd] v (understood) понимать underwear ('Andaweo] n нижнее бельё unemotional [,Аш'тэцГэп1] a неэмоциональный, невозмутимый uneven [An'rvnJ a нечётный unfair [,Ап'Геэ] a несправедливый, нечестный unfashionable [jAii'faeJnabl] a немодный unfasten [,An'fo:snJ и расстёгивать unforgettable |,АпГэ'дс1эЫ] a незабываемый unfortunately lAiiTottfonatliJ adv к несчастью, к сожалению unfriendly [An'frendli] a недружелюбный, неприветливый unhappy (An'hiepil a несчастливый, несчастный unhealthy fAn'hclGi] о 1) болезненный, больной 2) вредный, нездоровый uniform f'juTiifo:ml п форменная одежда, форма union I'juinjan] п объединение, союз unique [ju;'ni:k] а 1) единственный в своём роде, уникальный 2) разг. необыкновенный, замечательный unite [ju:'nail] v соединять(ся), объ-единять(ся) unity ['juinoti] п единство universal [,ju:ni'v3:slj а 1) всеобщий, всемирный 2) универсальный university [,ju:ni'v3:sitij п университет unknown (,лп'пэип| а неизвестный unpleasant lAn'plezsntj а неприятный unreal [,Ап'пэ1] а 1) ненастоящий, поддельный 2) воображаемый, нереальный unreliable f,Anri'laiobll о ненадёжный unsociable [An'soiijabl] а необщительный, сдержанный unstated [An'steitid] а неупомянутый unsuccessful l,Ans3k'ses(lj а 1) безуспешный, неудачный 2) неудачливый untidy [An'taidil а неопрятный, неаккуратный; в беспорядке (о комнате) until lon'til] су (до тех пор) пока unusual |АП')и;зиэ1, Ап')и;зо1] а 1) необыкновенный, необычный 2) замечательный unwritten [ал'пШ] а неписаный up [ар1 1. adv 1) указывает на на хождение tiaeepxy или на более высокое положение наверху, выше 2) указывает на подъём, наверх, вверх 3) указывает на переход из гори.зонтального положения в вер тикальное 4) указывает на совершение действия 5) указывает на временной предел вплоть до 2. prep 1) вверх по, по направлению к 2) вдоль по 260 Vocabulary upper ['лрэ] a верхний upset [Ap'set] V (upset) расстраивать, огорчать us [as, 3s] pron pers (косе, падеж от we) нам use 1. n jju:s] употребление, применение 2. V [ju;z] употреблять, применять used to |ju;st ta, ju:s tu:] v (тк past) (to do) иметь обыкновение {делать), обычно/бывало (делали) used [ju:st| а привыкший; to get -привыкать (to — к) useful |'ju:sfl] a полезный useless ['ju;slas| a бесполезный user ['ju:z3] n потребитель, клиент usual ['ju;3U0l, ')и:зэ1] a обыкновенный, обычный usually |'ju:3uoIi, 'ju;3ali] adv обычно, обыкновенно Uzbek ['uzbck] 1. n 1) узбек, узбечка 2) узбекский язык 2. а узбекский Vv vacation [va'kei/n] п каникулы valley ['vaelij n долина variant ['veanant] n вариант variety [va'raiati] n разнообразие various ['veanosj a различный, разный vary ['vean] v менять(ся), изме-нять(ся) vegetable ['vecfetabl] n овощ vegetarian [,vect5i'teanan] 1. n вегетарианец 2. a вегетарианский verb [v3:b] n глагол version |'v3;Jn] n версия, вариант very ['ven] adv очень; - much очень victim ['viktim] n жертва victory ['viktan] n победа Vietnamese [,vjetna'mi:z] 1. n вьетнамец, вьетнамка; the ~ pi собир. вьетнамцы 2. a вьетнамский view [vju;| л 1) вид, пейзаж 2) взгляд, мнение; point of ~ точка зрения viewer ['vju:aj п зритель village I'vilicfel п деревня, село violence ['vaialans] п жестокость, насилие VIP [,vi; ai' pi:] (сокр. от very important person) ВИП, очень важная персона visa |'vi:za] п виза visit I'vizitj 1. п посещение, визит 2. V навещать, посещать voice [vaisj п голос volleyball |'vt)libo:lJ п волейбол vote [vaut] 1. п голосование 2, v голосовать voyage I'vaiicfe] п морское путешествие Ww waistcoat ['weiskautj п жилет wait [weit] 1. п ожидание 2. v ждать (for) wake [weik] v (woke; woken) 1) просыпаться 2) будить walk [wa:k| 1. n прогулка пешком 2. V ходить, идти want [wnntj V хотеть, желать war [wo:] n война wardrobe ['wo:draub] n гардероб, шкаф; одежда warm [wo:m] a 1) тёплый 2) сердечный wash [wdJ] V 1) мыть(ся) 2) омывать waste [weist] v терять (время), тратить впустую wasteful ['wcistfl] a расточительный watch [wDtJ] V смотреть water ['wo:ta] n вода waxwork ['waeksw3:k] n восковая фигура way [wei] Л 1) путь, дорога; to make for дать дорогу, уступить 2) способ, манера, образ действия 3) обычай, привычка, особенность weapon ['wepon] п оружие wear [weo] 1. n 1) одежда, платье 2) (-wear) как компонент сложных слов: under- бельё 2. v (wore; worn) быть одетым, носить (одежду и т. п.) weather ['weda] п погода Vocabulary 261 Web [web] n веб. Сеть, (Всемирная) паутина website ['websaitj n веб-сайт, интернет-сайт wedding ['wedipj n свадьба week [wi:kj n неделя weekend |,wi;k'endl n время отдыха с пятницы или с субботы до понедельника weekly ['wiiklij а еженедельный weigh [wei] о 1) взвешивать(ся) 2) весить weight [weit] п вес weightlifting f'weu,liftir)j п спорт. 1) поднятие тяжестей 2) тяжёлая атлетика welcome f'welkam] 1. п приветствие; -to в грим. знач. междометия добро пожаловать! милости просим! 2. а желанный, приятный, долгожданный welcoming ['welkamip] а гостеприимный, доброжелательный well fwel] 1. а (better; best) 1) здоровый; Are you -? Ты здоров? to feel - чувствовать себя хорошо; to look - хорошо выглядеть 2) хороший; all is -I всё в порядке! всё прекрасно! 2. adv (better; best) 1) хорошо, отлично, удачно, бла-гоползшно; to work - хорошо работать; as - тоже, также; as ~ as также, так же, как, в дополнение, кроме того, не только ..., но и 2) хорошенько, как следует, как подобает 3. int ну! вот те раз!; what’s the news? ну, что нового? well- [wel] как компонент сложных слов хорошо well-known [,wernoun] а известный, знаменитый, популярный Welsh [welj] п 1) валлиец {уроженец Уэльса) 2) валлийский язык west [west] п запад western ['westan] а западный wet [wet] а мокрый, влажный what [wot] 1) pron inter что? 2) в грам. знач. прил. какой, какого типа; - papers do you read? какие газеты вы читаете? whatever [wot'eva] pron что бы то Ш1 было wheelchair ['wi:l^ea[ п инвалидное кресло when [wen] adv inter когда? whenever [wen'eva] cj всякий раз когда; когда бы ни where [wea] adv inter!) где? 2) откуда? 3) куда? wherever [weor'eva] cj где бы ни; куда бы ни whether ['wedoj cj ли which [witf] 1. pron inter 1) что? 2) - of кто из ? который из? (о человеке)', который из? (о предмете) 3) какой? который? 2. cj в придаточных предложениях который? while [wail] cj пока, в то время как Whit Monday [,wit 'nundi] n понедельник после Троицы white [wait] 1. n белый цвет 2. a белый white-faced [,wait'feist] a бледный, бледнолицый who [hu;[ pron inter кто? whole [haul] 1. n целое; on the - в целом 2 a целый, весь whom [hu;m] косе, падеж от who whose [liu:z] pron poss чей, чья, чьё, чьи why [wai] adv почему?; that’s - поэтому wide [waid] a широкий widely ['waidli] adv широко wig [wig] n парик wildlife ['waildlaif] n живая природа win [win] V (won) выиграть, победить wind [wind] n ветер window ['windau] n окно windy ['windi] adv ветреный; - weather ветреная погода winner ['winaj n победитель, (первый) призёр 262 Vocabulary winter ['winta] n зима wise [waiz] a мудрый wish [wi/] 1. n желание, пожелание 2. V выражать пожелание, желать, хотеть; to - for желать, стремиться witch [wit^ n 1) ведун, ведьма 2) колдун, колдунья with [wi6] prep указывает на \) сов местность; часто together -вместе с 2) взаимность с; - each other/one another друг с другом 3) присоединение, связь с чем-л. с; to be connected - быть связанным с кем.-л., чем-л. 4) прибавляемый компонент вместе с; mix it - milk смешай это с молоком 5) инструмент совершения действия, передаётся твор. па дежом; to write - а pencil писать карандашом 6) характерный признак кого-л., чего-л. с; - embroidery с вышивкой 7) особенности начала или окончания чего-л., передаётся тж. твор. падежом с; to end the story ~ a happy scene закончить рассказ счастливой сценой without [wi6'aut] prep указывает на отсутствие, кого л., чего-л. без wizard ('wrzadj п чародей, кудесник woman I'wuman] п {pi women ['wimin]) женщина wonderful ['wAiidafl] a удивительный, изумительный, поразительный woollen ['wulanj a шерстяной word [w3:d] n слово work [w3:k] 1. n работа, труд, дело; at ~ за работой (о человеке)', to have - to do быть занятым 2. v работать, трудиться; it will - разг. срабатывать, удаваться working cla.ss [,w3:kip 'kla;sl n рабочий класс workshop ['w3:kjDpj n мастерская world [w3:ldj n мир; round the - вокруг света world-famous [,w3:ld'feini9s] a всемирно известный worry ['wAn] V беспокоить(ся) worst [w3:st] a (npeeocx. cm. от bad) наихудший would [wudj t> 1) past от will 2) выражает a) желание, склонность I would (rather) stay at home, b) просьбу, приг-чашение или пред ложепие Would you repeat it, please? c) предпо.пожение, сомнение It would be a good idea! 3) вспомогательный глагол a) в придаточном предложении допол нительном д.чя выражения буду ш,его времени Не told me he would do it. b) для обра.зования 2 й фор мы сослагательного наклонения в главном предложении I would buy this thing if I were you. wow [wau] int шотл., амер. прост. здорово! блеск! wreath [ri:G] п венок wrestling ['resliol п борьба; соревнование по борьбе write [rail] v (wrote; written) писать; to - down записывать, излагать письменно writer f'raita] n писатель wrong [rop| a неправильный, ошибочный Yy Yakut [j^s'kut] 1. n 1) якут, якутка; the ~s собир. якуты 2) якутский язык 2. а якутский yard [jttd] п ярд (3 фута 0,914 м) year jjio] п год yellow f'jclauj а жёлтый yet [jet] adv 1) ещё, всё ещё 2) ещё, кроме того yoga ['jougoj п йога young [[лг)1 а молодой, юный your fja] pron pass ваш, твой yourself [jo:'seIfj pron ref I {pi yourselves) себя; -С.Я, -сь; себе youth [jii;0| n юность, молодость Vocabulary 263 Zz zero ['ziargu] num card нуль zip (code) ['zip kaud] n (сокр. от Zone Improvement Program Code) почтовый индекс zoo [zu:] n разе, зоопарк 264 Vocabulary List of names Geographical names Africa I'aefnka] А<1)рика Albania [геГЬетю] Албания America [g'menkaj Америка Amsterdam ['afmstadacm] г. Амстердам Antwerp ['a;ntw3:p] г. Антверпен Arizona [,гсп'гэипэ] Аризона {штат США) Asia ['ei/a] Азия Athens ['£e0mz] г. Афины Atlantic Ocean (3t,laentik 'auj'nl Атлантический океан Australia [D'streilia] Австралия Baltic States [,bo:ltik 'steitsj страны Балтии (Латвия, Литва, Эстония) Bangladesh l^banjgb'de/j Бангладеш Belgium ['belcfeom| Бельгия Berkshire ['bcukjaj Беркшир Brazil [brs'zil] Бразилия Britain ['britn] Британия Buckinghamshire ['Ьлкфэт/э] Бакингемшир California [Джк'Гогшэ] Калифорния (штат США) Canada ['kKiioda] Канада Canberra ['кжпЬзгэ] г. Канберра China I'tfainaJ Китай Connecticut [ko'ncktikst] Коннектикут (штат США) Denmark f'denmtrkj Дания Egypt ['Lcl^iptl Египет English Channel, the |,inglij 'tfsenll Ла-Манш Essex f'esiks] Эссекс Europe ['jtrarapj Европа Folkestone t'fsukstan) г. Фолкстон France [frcunsl Франция Greece [griis] Греция Hawaii [ha'waii] Гавайи (острова и штат) Hertfordshire ['hcrfad/a] Хартфордшир Holland f'hobnd] Голландия Hong Kong f,hoo 'kool Гонконг Illinois l,ib'noi] Иллинойс (штат США) India ['india] Индия Ireland f'aiabnd] Ирландия Italy I'ltali] Италия Japan [фэ'ржп] Япония Karelia (кэ'гкЬэ) Карелия Kent fkent] Кент Kizhi (ki'3ij Кижи Korea [кэ'пэ] Корея Kyrgyzstan [,kirgiz'sto;n] Кыргызстан Lake District, the f'lcik ,distriktl Озёрный край London I'lAndsnJ г. Лондон Long Beach [,1оп'Ы:1П Лонг Бич Los Angeles [Ids 'a2n<^ali:z| г. Лос-Анджелес Manchester f'mjentjista] г. Манчестер Moscow f'mDSkauj г. Москва Munich ['mjuinik] г. Мюнхен Netherlands ['nedabndz) Нидерланды New York [,nju: 'p;k] г. Нью-Йорк Norfolk I'norfak) Hop-(]юлк North Sea, the [,no:0 'st] Северное море Norway f'nowei] Норвегия Norwich f'noricfe) г. Норидж (Великобрита' ния) Ottawa I'niawa] г. Оттава Oxford I'Dksbd) г. Оксфорд Pakistan [,paki'sta;n] Пакистан Paris I'paons] г. Париж Petersburg |'pi:t3zb3:g] г. Петербург Poland |'p3ubndl Польша Portugal ['poitTugl] Португалия Rome (raum) г. Рим Russia ['гл/э] Россия Russian Federation ['гл/п ,fed3'reijn] Российская Федерация Sakhalin ('saekaltnl о-в Сахалин List of names 265 Scotland f'skotland] Шотландия Seoul fsoul) г. Сеул Sheffield l'Jefi;ld] г. Ше^)-филд Singapore [,sii)a'po;J Сингапур South Korea [,sau0 кэ'пэ] Южная Корея Spain (speinj Испания St Petersburg fsnt 'pi;t3zb3:gl г. Санкт-Петербург Stockholm ['stokhaumj г. Стокгольм Stoke Mandeville [,ь1эик 'msendavill Сток Ман-девиль Strait of Dover [,streit ov 'dauva] Па-де-Кале Sumatra [su'ma:tral о в Суматра Surrey ['sah] Суррей Sweden ['swi;dn| Швеция Switzerland j'switsalandl Швейцария Sydney ['srdnil г. Сидней Tasmania (tsez'meiniaj о-в Тасмания Turkey l't3:ki] Турция UK, the [,ju: 'kei) Соединённое Королевство USA, the [Ju:es'eil США Vannes fvacn] г. Ванн (Франция) Vienna [vi'ena] г. Вена Vietnam l,vi:et'ii£em] Вьетнам Washington ['wnfiotanj Вашингтон (город и штат) Western Europe [,weston 'juarapl Западная Европа Personal names Alec ['slikl Alex ('aeleksj Alexander l,seIig'za;ndo] Alexandra [,$lig'zo;ndraJ Alison t'aehsnl Antoinette Moses (,a2ntwa'net 'mauziz] Barbara ['ba:bara] Bianca f'bja:r)ka) Boyd [boidl Catherine Zeta Jones I'kacGorm 'zeta'c^jaunz] Cathy I'ksGi) Charlotte Kerman ['Joilat 'кз:тап1 Clare [klea] Conner Turner [,kona 't3:na] Dahl, Roald f'da:!, 'rauoldj David I'deivid] Denis 1'den is] Duncan Harris ],(1лг)кэп 'h^risj Elisabeth [I'lizobaG] Ethelbert Talbot f'eGalbsJ 'to:lbat| Gregory Smart ['gregon 'sma;t] Gris Nez ['gns'nezj Hemingway, Ernest ['hemigwei, 'smistj Hewitt, Karen I'hjurit, ka'ren] Howard Pyle ['hauad 'pailj Jenny Packham ('феш 'раскат] Jeremy J'cfeenmi] Jules Verne ['cfeuiiz'v3:n) Julien MacDonald ['фи:1юп mak'dnnald] Kevin f'kevin] Liza Holtine J'laiza 'hnltam] Marni Duncan |'ma;ni 'dAgkan] Megan ['megon] Murphy ['тз:й] Nicolas f'nikalas] Nigel ]'па1фэ1] Oliver I'nliva] Passepartout [,passpa:'tu:j Phil ]fil] Phil Slager ['fil 'slacctja] Philip ['filip] Philip O’Donoghue ['filip au'dAnahju:] Pierre de Coubertin Jpi,eada kaober'ti:n] Roddick, Anita ['mdik, tc'niia] Russells, the j'rAslz] Saint Nicolas [seint 'mkalas] Sarah J'seara] Sharon I'/eamn] Slatter, Irene ['sheta, ai'ri;nij Sophie t'saufi] Stella McCartney ['stela ma'ka:tni] Swan [swnn] Thomas ['tomas] Tim FitzHigham ['tim 'fitshaimj Tracey Ponsford ['treisi 'ponsfad] Trew [tru:] Vigdis I'vigdis] Vince [vins] Walter I'woita] Zandra Rhodes |'za;ndra 'roudz] 266 List of names Other names Berni ['Ьз:т1 сеть ресторанов «Берни» Bexley High Street f,beksli 'hai stri:tl улица Бексли Body Shop, The ['bodi Jop] «Бодишоп» British Airways [,Ьп11/ 'eaweiz] «Бритиш Эйрвейз» Cadbury ['kEedbori] «Кэдбери» Commonwealth of Australia ['kumanwelG 3v u'streilia] Австралийский Союз Current ['клгэШ] «Ка-рент» {название журнала) Ecotricity [,ek3u'tnsiti) «Экотрисити» Eiffel Tower, the [,aif3l 'tauaj Эй(1)елева башня Greenpeace ('gri:npi:sl Гринпис Hermitage, the ['haimiticfel Эрмитаж Kodokan Institute [kada'kan 'institjatj Ин—ститут Кодокан Kremlin, the ['kremlin] Кремль Lipton I'liptan] Липтон Louvre, the ['lavrs/luv] Лувр McDonalds [mak'dnnaldz] Макдоналдс Mongolia, the [mnn'gaulial «Монголия» {название корабля) Muscovite ['rriAskavait] москвич, москвичка Olympia [a'limpiaj Олимпия Pop Boutique [,рвр bu;'ti:k] «Популярный бутик» Red Square |,red'skweoj Красная площадь Rangoon, the [ггео'ди:п| «Рангун» {название корабля) Trafalgar Square |tr3,faelg3 'skweaj Трафальгарская площадь University of East Anglia, the [,ju:ni'v3:siti sv ,tsl 'aiogliaj университет Восточной Англии Waldi I'wAldi] Вальди Wembley Stadium [,wembli 'steidiom] стадион Уэмбли 267 List of names ^ 7 — иА ft Г Irregular verbs be [bi:J become jbi'kAinj begin [bi'gin] break [breik) bring fbnol build Ibild] buy [bai] catch (кж^ choose ftfu:z] come [клт] do (du:) draw [dro:J drink [drigk] eat [Lt] t fall [Гэ;1] feel [fi:l] find [faindj get [getj give IgivJ go [дэи] grow [дгэи] have fhscv] hear [hia] \J hold lhauld] hurt [h3:t] keep [kip] know [пэи] \Jlead [li;d] learn [1з:п] leave [lirvj was/were [wdz/w3:] been [bi:n] быть, находиться became [bi'keim] become [bi'kAm] делаться, стано- виться began [bi'gsen] begun [Ь|'длп] начинать(ся) broke [Ьгэик] broken ['brattkan] разбивать, раз-рушать(ся) brought |bro:t] brought [bra:t] приносить, доставлять built [bill] built [blit] строить bought [bD:t| bought [ba;t| покупать, приобретать caught [kod] caught [kart] ловить, схватывать chose l^auz] chosen ['tfaozn] выбирать, предпочитать came [keim] come [клт] приходить dicydid] done [dAii] делать dr^w [dm;] drawn [drain] тащить, ^1ЛсоСИЧ drank [draeijk] dnfnk [drAijk] пить, выпить ate [et] eaten ['i:tn] есть, поедать, поглощать fell [fel] fallen ]'fa:lan] падать, понижаться felt [felt] fel^ [felt] чувствовать found [faund] found [faund] находить got [got] got [got] получать gave [geiv] given ['givn] давать, отдавать went [went] g^ne [gun] идти, ходить grew [gru:] grown [graun] расти, произрастать had [h«d] had [hted] иметь heard [hard] heard [hard] слышать held [held] held [held] держать, проводить hurt [hart] hurt [hart] причинять боль kept [kept] kept [kept] держать knew [nju:] known [naun] знать led [led] led [led] вести, руководить learnt [larnt] learnt [larnt] учиться, учить что-л. left [left] left [lefl] покидать, оставлять 268 Irregular verbs let [let] let [let] let ]let] позволять, разрешать lose [laz] lost [lost] lost [Inst] терять make [meik] made [meid] made [meid] делать mean |mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] значить, означать, намереваться meet fmi:t] met [met] met [met] встречать(ся) pay fpci) paid [peid] paid [peid] платить put [put] put [put] put [put] класть read lri:d] read [red] read [red] читать say [scij said [sed] said [sed] говорить, сказать see [si:] saw [so:] seen ]si:n] видеть, смотреть send [send] sent [sent] sent [sent] посылать, отправлять set [set] set [set] set [set] ставить, помещать show [Ja'o] showed Lfoud] shown [faun] показывать sit [sit] sat [saet] sat [sat] сидеть sleep [sli;p] slept [slept] slept [slept] спать speak [spi:k] spoke [spouk] spoken ['spaukan] говорить spell [spell spelt [spelt] spelt [spelt] писать или произносить по буквам spend [spend] spent [spent] spent [spent] тратить, расходовать stand [stffind] stood [stud] stood [stud] стоять take [teik] took [tuk] taken I'teikon] брать teach [4i:tn taught [to:t] taught ]tot] учить, обучать tell [tel] told [loold] told [tauld] рассказывать, говорить, сказать think [Ojok] thought [0o:t] thought [Go:t] думать throw [Grou] threw [Gru:] thrown [Graun] кидать understand understood understood понимать [,Anda'sta:nd] [,Ando'stud] [,Anda'stud] wake [weik] woke [wouk] woken ['waukon] просыпаться, будить wear [wea] wore [wo:] worn [wo:n] носить (одежду) win ]win] won [WAIl] won [WAn] побеждать write [rail] wrote [raut] written I'ntn] писать Irregular verbs 269 Contents 1-^ My country at a glance (unit 2.) Is your country a land of traditions? 37 Unit it 3.^ Do you like travelling? (unit 4.') Are you fond of sport? 5.^ A healthy living guide (unit 6.) Changing times, changing styles 65 97 123 154 Grammar support Linguistic and cultural guide 183 205 Vocabulary 217 List of names 265 Irregular verbs 268 270 Учебное и з д н н и е Кузов Л ев Владимир Петрович Лапа Наталья Михайловна Перегудова Эльвира Шакировна Костина Ирина Павловна Кузнецова Е1лена Вячеславовна Дуванова Ольга Викторовна Кобец Юлия Николаевна АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 8 класс Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций Центр лингвистического образования Зав. редакцией английского языка Ю.А. Смирное Ответственный за выпуск Е. Р. Михальчук Редактор Е. Р. Михальчук Координатор по художественному о(|)ормлению //. В. Дождёва Художники О.Н. Крамаренко, А. С. Побсзинскии Компьютерная вёрстка и техническое редактирование О. Ю. Мы.тиковой, О. А. Федотовой Корректор Н.Д. Цухаи Оператор О. Ю. Любе.шова Налоговая льгота — Общероссийский классификатор продукции ОК 005-93 953000. Изд. лиц. Сория ИД № 05824 от 12.09.01. Подписано в печать 12.02.15. Формат 84xl08‘/i(i- Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура SchooIBookASanPin. Печать офсетная. Уч.-изд. л. 21,32. Тираж 6 000 экз. Заказ № 39824 аа»». Открытое акционерное общество «Издательство «Просвещение». 127521, Москва, 3-й проезд Марьиной рощи, 41. Отпечатано по заказу ОАО «ПолиграфТрейд» в филиале «Смоленский полиграфический комбинат» ОАО «Издательство «Высшая школа». 214020, г. Смоленск, ул. Смольянинова, 1. Тел.: -H7(4812j 31-11-96. Факс: -1-7(4812) 31-31-70. E-mail: spkCOBmolpk.ru https://www.smolpk.ru Авторы; В. П. Кузовлев Н. М. Лапа Э. Ш. Перегудова И. П. Костина Е. В. Кузнецова О. В. Дуванова Ю. Н. Кобец gnglish Состав УМК «Английский язык» Гдля 8 класса: Student's Book • рабочие программы (5-9 классы) • учебник • аудиокурс к учебнику • рабочая тетрадь • книга для чтения • контрольные задания • аудиокурс к контрольным заданиям • книга для учителя , • интернет-поддержка www.prosv.ru/umk/we | Аудиокурсы и дополнительные материалы размещены в электронном каталоге издательства «Просвещение» на интернет ресурсе www.prosv.ru и на сайте www.prosv.ru/umk/we ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ Н»С|АТЕЛЬС1 1 Ч-