Английский язык в фокусе 8 класс Учебник Ваулина Дули

Student's Book Virginia Evans Jenny Dooley Olga Podolyako Julia Vaulina Express Publishing PROSVESHCHENIYE PUBLISHERS Москва Express Publishing «Просвещение» 2012 УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2АНГЛ-922 А64 Серия «Английский в фокусе» основана в 2006 году. На учебник получены положительные заключения Российской академии наук (N2 10106-5215/201 от 12.10.2011 г.) и Российской академии образования (N2 01-5/7д-301 от 24.10.2011 г.). Авторы: Ю. Е . Ваулина, Д. Дули, О. Е. Подоляко, В. Эванс Authors: Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley, Olga Podolyako, Julia Vaulina Acknowledgements Authors' Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to producing this book. Thanks are due in particular to: Meryl Phillips (Editor-in-Chief); Julie Rich (senior editor); Nina Peters and Rianna Diammond (editorial assistants), Alex Barton (senior production controller) and the Express Publishing design team. We would also like to thank those institutions and teachers who piloted the manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the production of the book. Colour Illustrations; Pan, Stone. While every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders. If any have been Inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Английский язык. 8 класс; учеб, для общеобразоват. учреждений / [Ю. Е. Ваулина, Аб4 Д. Дули, О. Е. Подоляко, В. Эванс]. - М.: Express Publishing : Просвещение, 2012. -21 б с.: ил. - (Английский в фокусе). - ISBN 978-5-09-028993-1. Учебник является центральным элементом учебно-методического комплекта серии «Английский в факусеч для учащихся 8 класса общеобразовательных учреждений. Отличительной особенностью УМК является модульное построение учебника, наличие аутентичного материала о России, заданий, соответствующих требованиям международных экзаменов, готовящим постепенно к Государственной итоговой аттестации учащихся в 9 классе. Учебник получил положительные заключения РАН и РАО на соответствие Федеральному государственному образовательному стандарту основного общего образования. УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2АНГЛ-922 Учебное издание Серия «Английский в фокусе» Ваулина Юлия Евгеньевна Дули Дженни Подоляко Ольга Евгеньевна Эванс Вирджиния Английский язык 8 класс Учебник для общеобразовательных учреждений Центр группы германских языков Руководитель Центра В. В. Копылова Зам. руководителя Центра по проектам И. Н. Темнова Руководитель проекта Ю. А. Смирнов Выпускающий редактор М. А. Семичев Редактор О. И. Грвндаль Корректор И. Б. Окунева Налоговая льгота - Общероссийский классификатор продукции ОК 005-93 - 953000. Изд.лиц. Серия ИД № 05824 от 12.09,01. Подписано в печать 16.04.12. Формат 60x90/8. Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура Прагматика. Печать офсетная. Уч.-изд. л. 27,13. Тираж 30 000 экз. Заказ № 4988. Открытое акционерное общеаво «Издательство «Просвещение». 127521, Москва, 3-й проезд Марьиной рощи, 41. Express Publishing. Liberty House, New Greenham Park, Newbury, Berkshire RG19 6HW Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363 Fax: (0044) 1635 81 7 463 e-mail; inquiriesePexpresspublishing.co.uk https://www,expresspublishing.co,uk Отпечатано в ОАО «Тульская типография». 300600, г.Тула, пр. Ленина, 109. ISBN 978-5-09-028993-1 © Express Publishing, 2012 © Издательство «Просвещение», 2012 Все права защищены Contents Module 1 - Socialising .......... (pp. 9-24) 1a Reading & Vocabulary ...... pp.10-11 1b Listening & Speaking ...... pp. 12-13 1c Grammar in Use ............ pp.14-15 Id Vocabulary & Speaking...... pp. 16-17 1e Writing Skills ............ pp. 18-19 If English in Use ............ p. 20 Culture Corner 1........... p. 21 Across the Curriculum ..... pp. 22-23 Module 2 - Food & Shopping....... (pp. 25-40) 2a Reading & Vocabulary ...... pp. 26-27 2b Listening & Speaking ...... pp. 28-29 2c Grammar in Use ............ pp. 30-31 2d Vocabulary & Speaking...... pp. 32-33 2e Writing Skills ............ pp. 34-35 2f English in Use ............ p. 36 Culture Corner 2........... p. 37 Going Green 2 ............. pp. 38-39 Module 3 — Great Minds .......... (pp. 41-56) 3a Reading & Vocabulary ...... pp.42-43 3b Listening & Speaking ...... pp.44-45 3c Grammar in Use ............ pp. 46-47 3d Vocabulary & Speaking...... pp.48-49 3e Writing Skills ............ pp. 50-51 3f English in Use ............ p. 52 Culture Corner 3........... p. 53 Across the Curriculum ..... pp. 54-55 Module 4 - Be Yourself........... (pp. 57-72) 4a Reading & Vocabulary ...... pp. 58-59 4b Listening & Speaking ...... pp. 60-61 4c Grammar in Use ............ pp. 62-63 4d Vocabulary & Speaking....... pp. 64-65 4e Writing Skills ............. pp. 66-67 4f English in Use ............ p. 68 Culture Corner 4........... p. 69 Going Green 4 ............. pp. 70-71 Module 5 - Global Issues......... (pp. 73-88) 5a Reading & Vocabulary....... pp.74-75 5b Listening A Speaking ...... pp. 76-77 5c Grammar in Use ............ pp. 78-79 5d Vocabulary & Speaking...... pp. 80-81 5e Writing Skills ............ pp. 82-83 5f English in Use ........... p. 84 Culture Corner 5........... p. 85 Across the Curriculum ..... pp. 86-87 Module 6 - Culture Exchanges .... (pp. 89-104) 6a Reading & Vocabulary....... pp. 90-91 6b Listening & Speaking ...... pp. 92-93 6c Grammar in Use ............ pp.94-95 6d Vocabulary & Speaking...... pp. 96-97 6e Writing Skills ............ pp. 98-99 6f English in Use ........... p. 100 Culture Corner 6........... p. 101 Going Green 6 ............. pp. 102-103 Module 7 - Education ............ (pp. 105-120) 7a Reading & Vocabulary ........ pp. 106-107 7b Listening A Speaking ...... pp. 108-109 7c Grammar in Use ............ pp. 110-111 7d Vocabulary A Sp>eaking....... pp. 112-113 7e Writing Skills ............ pp.114-115 7f English in Use ........... p. 116 Culture Corner 7........... p. 117 Across the Curriculum ..... pp.118-119 Module 8 — Pastimes ............. (pp. 121-136) 8a Reading A Vocabulary....... pp.122-123 8b Listening A Speaking ........ pp. 124-125 8c Grammar in Use .............. pp.126-127 8d Vocabulary A Speaking........ pp. 128-129 8e Writing Skills ............ pp.130-131 8f English in Use ............. p. 132 Culture Corner 8........... p. 133 Going Green 8 ............. pp. 134-135 Grammar Check ................... pp. 137-153 Song Sheets ..................... pp.SS1-SS4 Spotlight on Russia ............. pp. 1-10 Grammar Reference Section ....... pp.GR1-GR16 Irregular Verbs ................. p. GR17 Word List ....................... PP.WL1-WL25 Appendices....................... pp.WL26-WL27 111 Table of Contents VOCABULARY GRAAAAAAR la (pp. 10-11) character adjectives; body language 1b (pp. 12-13) socialising; personal information 1c (pp. 14-15) present tenses; stative verbs; will - going to, past simple/continuous Id (pp. 16-17) physical appearance; whereabouts; relationships; idioms adverbs of degree comparisons 1e (pp. 18-19) greetings cards If (p.20) phrasal verbs: get; prepositions forming adjectives (-ful, -able) Culture Corner 1 (p. 21) - Socialising in the UK; Across the Curriculum (PSHE) (p. 22-23) Dealing with conflict; Progress Check 1 (p. 24) 2a (pp. 26-27) food; ways of cooking 2b (pp. 28-29) shopping; places to shop; a/an - the; quantifiers 2c (pp. 30-31) present perfect; present perfect continuous; has gone to - has been to/in 2d (pp. 32-33) food quantities; verbs/idioms; related to food singular - plural nouns 2e (pp. 34-35) phrasal verbs: go; prepositions order of adjectives 2f (p. 36) forming negative adjectives tense revision 1 Culture Corner 2 (p. 37) - Charity begins at home, Going Green 2 ( ;pp. 38-39) Paper bag vs plastic bag 1 Progress Check 2 (p. 40) 3a (pp. 42-43) fields of science 3b (pp. 44-45) work; jobs 3c (pp. 46-47) inventions past perfect - past perfect continuous; past simple; past continuous 3d (pp. 48-49) stages in life; life events; idioms 3e (pp. 50-51) stories; verbs of action sequencing events; adjectives/adverbs; prepositions; forming verbs (-/seZ-ize) 3f (p.52) phrasal verbs: bring] words often confused Culture Corner 3 (p. 53) - English banknotes; Across the Curriculum (History) (pp. 54-55) The master thief of the unknown word. Progress Check 3 (p. 56) ____________________________________ 4a (pp. 58-59) appearance; self-esteem 4b (pp. 60-61) fashion; clothes; patterns; style; material too - enough 4c (pp. 62-63) performances the passive 4d (pp. 64-65) body image; idioms related to body the causative 4e (pp. 66-67) teenage problems 4f (p. 68) phrasal verbs: put; words often confused prepositions; forming opposite adjectives (il-, im-, in-, ir-) Culture Corner 4 (p. 69) - Traditional costumes in the UK, Going Green 4 (pp. 70-71) Eco-clothes Progress Check 4 (p. 72) ________________________________ IV READING LISTENING, SPEAKING FUNCTIONS WRITING Breaking the Ice describing feelings & emotions tips how to break the ice dialogue (meeting a neighbour) socialising; introducing yourself a strip cartoon talking about your school life describing people get-well greeting card, informal style greetings cards obento a tasty tradition food likes/dislikes an informal email about how to cook a dish in your country dialogue (commenting on clothes/accessories) giving directions; a market advert (gap filling); intonation in questions Buy Nothing Day (article) expressing duration; discussing what teens spend pocket money on Cheese & ham triangles (recipe) ordering food & drink; describing a visit to a restaurant an Informal email about a family meal out an email about a visit to a London market describing a picture informal letters/emails Animals in the air (article) summarising the text an informal letter of invitation dialogue (discussing parents' jobs) giving news/reacting to news; a job advert; intonation: echo questions Mistakes that worked (article) telling a story based on visual prompts; discussing inventions an informal email about a strange experience you had Marie Curie matching speakers to statements a biography An Unusual Gallery (story) narrate a story a story Do you feel at home in your body? (article) discussing self-esteem a paragraph advising a friend dialogue (deciding on what to wear at a party) expressing approval/disapproval multiple choice; intonation: stressed syllables CATS (article) Altered Images (article) a letter of advice giving advice & possible results informal letter of advice choosing a piece of clothing VOCABUURY GRAMAAAR 5a (pp. 74-75) natural disasters 5b (pp. 76-77) global concerns 5c (pp. 78-79) experiences infinitive/-ing form; used to - be/get used to 5d (pp. 80-81) weather; idioms related to weather 5e (pp. 82-83) opinions & viewpoints co-ordinate conjunctions both ... and; either ... or; neither... nor 5f (p. 84) phrasal verbs; call; words often confused forming nouns from verbs (-ion, -tion, -ance) Culture Corner 5 (p. 85) - Scottish the Coos, Across the Curriculum (Science) (pp. 86-87) Tornadoes & Hail Progress Check 5 (p. 88) 6a (pp. 90-91) holidays; travel; activities 6b (pp. 92-93) holiday problems 6c (pp. 94-95) travel experiences reported speech 6d (pp. 96-97) means of transport; idioms related to transport 6e (pp. 98-99) host families 6f (p. 100) phrasal verbs: set; words often confused forming nouns (-ness, -ment) prepositions Culture Corner 6 (p. 101) - The Thames, Going Green 6 (pp. 102-103) Monuments in danger Progress Check 6 (p. 104) 7a (pp. 106-107) Technology, media usage modals; making deductions 7b (pp. 108-109) education 7c (pp. 110-111) 7d (pp. 112-113) the media, media jobs, idioms related to the media linkers 7e (pp. 114-115) 7f (p. 116) phrasal verbs: give; words often confused compound nouns Culture Corner 7 (p. 117) - Trinity College Dublin, Across the Curriculum (pp. 118-119) Using a computer Network Progress Check 7 (p. 120) 8a (pp. 122-123) interests & hobbies 8b (pp. 124-125) sports 8c (pp. 126-127) conditionals; if/when/unless 8d (pp. 128-129) sports equipment & places; idioms related to sports 8e (pp. 130-131) applications 8f (p. 132) phrasal verbs: take compound adjectives, prepositions Culture Corner 8 (p. 133) - Mascots, Going Green 8 (pp. 134-135) Project A.W.A.R.E. Progress Check 8 (p. 136) ___________________________ VI READING USTENING, SPEAKING FUNCTIONS WRITING Tsunami disaster (extracts) interviewing a tsunami victim dialogue (discussing poverty) interacting; matching speakers intonation (tone groups) Psychic animals narrating a bad experience Red sky at night... What can we do to reduce traffic in our city? an opinion essay about recycling The World is your Oyster discussing holidays & activities dialogue (travel experiences) sympathising: multiple choice; intonation: stressed syllables Tips for Solo Travellers reporting exchange Full steam ahead identifying announcements; matching people to descriptions a thank-you letter thanking; proofreading: expressing gratitude a semi-formal thank-you letter Generation M talking about your favourite gadgets survey report dialogue (discussing exams) asking for-giving advice contrastive The Italian Conti Academy stress; multiple choice Koala Mum Rescued how to make paper; identifying TV programs The Internet as a Homework Tool topic/supporting sentences a for-and-against essay on e-leaming talking about your interests a short article about your favourite activity dialogue (arranging to do sth after school) making/accepting/refusing invitations; intonation (sound natural); multiple matching jokes discussing hypothetical situations FIFA World Cup discussing favourite team an email completing application forms a formal email based on written inout Vll . . .- ■ I- " . ■ ■■:■:■ 3s:- ^ ^■"■. ■ ■. ^i ^: >" ■ ■.■ 1 ■ z. ■I - ""jU " " ■ j ^ I I Jh "■ — •¥ ■± Г— - -r_ < ^ " ■ " ^ ^ ■ - ■ ■■■. -S' I л_ Socialising Module 1 ♦ Before you start... • Has anything changed in your school/class/ daily routine this year? How do you feel about it? • What was your favourite summer holiday like? • What’s your hobby? When did you start it? Look at Module 1 Find the page numbers for pictures 1—4. ♦ Find the page numbers for • notes □ • a comic strip I I • greetings cards I I • a poem | | ♦ Listen, read and talk about.. • breaking the ice • body language • family members • relationships • conflict & disagreement ♦ Learn how to ... • socialise • describe and compare people ♦ Practise ... • intonation: showing feelings • Present Simple/Present Continuous/Present Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous/Past Simple/Past Continuous • stative verbs • expressing future actions (wUl — are soins to — Present Continuous) • comparatives & superlatives of adjectives/adverbs • phrasal verbs: get • word formation: adjectives • idioms: describing relationships ♦ Write / Make ... • a greetings card • a short article about socialising in your country • a poem - И • Reading & Vocabulary Reading 1 2 What does the title of the text mean? How would you start a conversation with someone you don’t know? Read and check. Read the text and mark the sentences 1-7, T (True), F (False) or DS (Doesn’t Say). Correct the false sentences. Explain the words in bold. 1 Breaking the ice means saying or doing something to start feeling relaxed with a new person. 2 People feel uncomfortable when meeting someone new because they cannot predict their reactions. 3 Some people don’t have any passions. 4 When you meet someone for the first time, it’s better to look serious. 5 Confident people don’t postpone things. 6 When you start a conversation, talk a lot about yourself. 7 If you feel uncomfortable with new people, avoid being around them. udy skills Reading effectively The author’s purpose is the reason for writing the passage. This could be to entertain, persuade, inform, advise, narrate or describe. Recognising the author’s purpose will help you understand the content of the text better. 4^ - ----- У 3 0 Listen and read the text again. What is the author’s purpose? Discuss in pairs. The new girl in your class seems very interesting and you would like to get to know her better. The guy at the skate park does some amazing tricks and you would like him to show you how. But, whenever the opportunity to talk to them comes up, you can’t think of anything to say. Your palms sweat, you blush, and you look away. Whether you are starting a new school, going to a party where you don't know anyone or want to approach a person you fancy, you often need to break the ice in order to start a friendly conversation. Breaking the ice means saying or doing something to stop feeling shy or uncomfortable around someone you don't know very well. The reason you feel this way is that you don’t know how the other person will react, but don’t let it get you down. You shouldn't worry. Almost everyone feels uncomfortable when they first meet other people. If you feel this way, the following tips can help you out. ^gljflJ^When you smile, people think you are friendly and easy to talk to. They are also very likely to smile back and help you feel more comfortable about starting a conversation. The best way to have interesting conversations is to be an interesting person! Get involved in activities and talk about them. Make sure you have something to add to a conversation. Everybody likes to be around happy people. Try to always look on the bright side of life and to see something positive even in negative situations. People will enjoy your positive energy and benefit from it. Also, be confident. If you like yourself, others will probably like you too. ШШШШШ Develop listening skills. Don't take over the conversation and don’t only speak about yourself. Ask other people questions about themselves too. This way they’ll know you’re interested in them. Don’t avoid being around new people just because you feel uncomfortable. If you stay in a situation, you’ll get used to it. It’s not easy, but it’s worth it. After all, the other person may want to talk to you as well -but be too shy to break the ice! 10 4 5 6 Explain the words in bold. Choose some to complete the sentences. 1 Laura’s very shy. She always when people talk to her. 2 I think Andy..Kim. He’s always staring at her in class. 3 We .... from what he said to us, as his advice helped us. 4 You shouldn’t .... talking to people you don’t know. Vocabulary Character adjectives Read the descriptions. List the adjectives in bold as positive/ negative. 1 Tony’s optimistic. He always looks on the bright side of life. 2 Fred’s sensitive and caring. He always understands how others feel, always stays calm and doesn’t get annoyed with people easily. He worries a lot about what others think of him. 3 Claire’s patient. She manages to stay calm in difficult situations. 4 Bob’s easy-going and sociable. He rarely gets upset and he likes meeting people. 5 Ann’s honest and reliable. You can trust her and she always does what she says she will do. 6 Sue’s stubborn. She always wants to do things her own way. 7 Tony’s selfish. He doesn’t care about other people’s feelings. 8 Bill’s shy. He doesn’t feel comfortable with people. Q Match the adjectives to their opposites. Listen and check. [Ю [zn 10 optimistic a confident shy b generous selfish c pessimistic reliable d flexible stubborn e unreliable sincere f unsociable sensitive S irritable sociable h impatient patient i insincere easy-going j insensitive 7 (,j Listen and match each person to the adjectives that best describe each. Ann I m Sue [ Billy sociable sensitive patient stubborn honest selfish reliable shy 8 Q€j> Which of the adjectives in Exs. 5 & 6 best describe you? Is there a quality you don’t have but would like to have? Discuss in pairs. ► A: I'm sociable and honest. I’d like to be more patient. And you? B: I’m quite patient but I’d like to be more confident. 9 Body language What feelings do the actions in the pictures 1-8 suggest? Choose from the list. Make sentences, as in the example. • nervous • furious • surprised • impatient • bored • unsure • worried • puzzled ► Nick’s palms are sweating. He seems to be nervous./He looks nervous. 10 Helem ^ _______________________ 1 palms sweat 2 scratch one’s head \ tap one’s foot | 4 bite one's lip \ 5 cross one’s arms \ 6 shrug one's shoulders [ 7 clench one’s teeth/fists [ 8 raise one’s eyebrows \ Say three things you found interesting in the text. How could they help you when you meet new people? ► To break the ice you can smile at the new person. Then,... 11 Listening & Speaking 1 1 2 Look at the picture and answer the questions. 1 What does the picture show? 2 What are the people doing? 3 What are the people wearing? 4 How are they feeling? The picture shows two teenasers in the countryside. Giving personal information Read the questions. When would you ask them? What's your name? Where are you from? What do you do? Have we met before? Have you got any brothers or sisters? Is your sister single/married? How old are you? Have you been living here long? Do you like basketball? Are you new here? 3 лС AAary: Harry: Mary: Harry: Mary: Harry: Mary: Harry: Mary: Harry: AAary: Harry: Mary: Harry: Mary: О Read the dialogue and complete the gaps 1-5 with questions from Ex. 2. Listen and check. I " V Harry: Mary: Hello, my name is Harry. 1)...? I don't think so. I’m AAary. AAary Newton. Nice to meet you Mary. 2).....? Yes. We’ve just moved in next door. Really? Welcome to the neighbourhood, then. Thanks. 3)....? I didn’t catch it. I’m Harry. What a nice day. Umm... indeed it is. Have you been living here long? For as long as I remember. My family moved here when I was three. 4)....? One sister. And you? No, I haven’t. I’m an only child. I see. 5)..? I turn sixteen next May. That makes us the same age. Greatl AAaybe we’ll have some classes together at school. Yes, I hope so. OK. I’ll see you AAonday then. 5 12 Speaking &Ш Portfolio: Work in pairs. Imagine you are at a summer camp. Use questions from Ex. 2 to find out about your partner. Record yourselves. Listening Read statements A-F about family relationships. Which one best describes your family situation? Give reasons. I have no privacy at home. My father’s views are rather old-fashioned. I get on very well with my parents. I wish I wasn’t an only child. Family meals usually end in arguments. I enjoy hanging out with my grandparents. IK Ч ) Listen to some teenagers talking on a radio programme about their relationships with their family. Number the statements A-F in the order you hear them. There is one extra statement. 1 2 3 4 5 Speaker 6 [I Everyday English Sodalisins a О Match the responses. Listen and check. Say it right 10 Excuse me! a Pleased to meet b you. I’m John. c Is this seat taken? d What a nice day! Good morning! e How are you? f I’m afraid I have to g go now. Make yourself at h home. i Can I offer you j something? Thanks for coming. Indeed it is. See you later! Fine, thanks. Well, thank you for inviting me. That’s very kind. Yes, can I help you? No, thanks, I’m fine. Hello! No, please sit down. Pleased to meet you, too. 8 О Choose the correct response. Listen and check. 1 A How’s it going? В a Couldn’t be better! b Glad to meet you. 2 A Talk to you later. В a What time? b Take care. 3 A I’m glad you came. В a I’m afraid I have to leave now. b So am I. 4 A Thank you very much. В a Don’t mention it. b Pretty good, thanks. 5 A I haven’t seen you for ages. В a It’s a pleasure to meet you. b I know! You haven’t changed a bit. b Which exchanges are about: 1 starting a conversation? 2 getting someone’s attention? 3 greeting someone? 4 introducing yourself? 5 ending a conversation? 6 welcoming visitors? 7 saying goodbye? 8 breaking the ice? 7 Complete the exchanges. Use sentences from Ex. 6a. Compare with your partner. 1 A: .... B: Take care. 2 A: .... B: Not bad. How about you? 3 A: .... B; I’m glad you came. 4 A: ..... B: Good morning! Nice day, isn’t it? 5 A: .... B: How can I help you, sir? 9 Intonation .■'Л 4r‘ Read the box. Then listen and choose the adjective that best describes each speaker’s attitude. Is their intonation rising or falling? Your intonation is the way your voice rises and falls as you speak. Your intonation shows your feelings, i.e. interest, disbelief, sarcasm, enthusiasm etc. 10 a b a b a b Excuse me! П annoyed Excuse me! Q annoyed I I friendly I I friendly What’s up? What’s up? r~l polite [~1 polite r~l aggressive □ aggressive Is this seat taken? Ц suspicious C] polite Is this seat taken? Q suspicious □ polite Work in pairs. Write short exchanges for the following situations. • greet someone • introduce yourself • thank sb for his help • welcome a visitor • say goodbye • ask about sb’s brothers/sisters 13 Present Simple - Present Continuous -Present Perfect Simple - Present Perfect 3 Continuous Grammar Reference 1 2 14 Read the comic strip. What tenses are the verbs in bold? Find examples of: a permanent state, expressing anger or irritation at a repeated action, an action which started in the past and continues up to the present with emphasis on the duration, an action that happened at an unstated time in the past What other uses of these tenses can you think of? Give examples. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense. Compare with a partner. 1 A: When........(the kids/come) back from their holiday? B: School.......(start) on the 15th, so a week earlier. 2 A: Sue......(look) for a new flat at the moment. B: ......(she/find) anything yet? 3 A:......(your sister/always/leave) her stuff everywhere? B: Yes and she........ (always/complain) about me being messy! 4 A: Can you drive? B: I......(learn). I.....(take) lessons for two weeks now. 5 A: Oh no! I......(lose) my keys again. B: Not again. You.......(always/lose) your keys. < Read the theory box. Find two examples of stative verbs in the comic strip. Stative verbs are verbs ^ which do not normally have continuous tenses because they describe a state rather than an action (like, love, hate, believe, know etc). He likes tennis. Some stative verbs have continuous tenses but there’s a difference in meaning. / think he’s tying. I’m thinking of going out. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or Continuous. A: Why......(Billy/be) so naughty? B: He.....(be) tired. A: Why......(you/taste) the soup? B: I think it...(taste) a bit funny. A: It....(look) like their car has broken down again. B: Yes. They.....(look) for a new one at the moment. A: What......(you/think) of Ann? B: She’s cool! I ..... (think) of inviting her to my party. Expressing future actions (will -Soing to - Present Continuous - Present Simple) Grammar Reference Match the tenses in bold to their uses. 1 Tie your shoelaces! You’re going to trip over them. 2 They are going to move house this summer. 3 I’m tired. I think I’ll have an early night. 4 The bus leaves at 7:00 pm. 5 I’m seeing my friends tomorrov/. 6 It’s hot. I’ll open the window. ^ a on-the-spot decision planned action or intention future prediction based on what we think, believe or promise fixed arrangement in the near future timetable future prediction based on what we can see or know _______________________ a b c d e f 5 6 Fill in the gaps v/ith will or am!are going to. 1 A: Look! Pat’s here. B: I......go and talk to her. 2 A: What are your plans for Saturday night? B: We ........ invite some people over for dinner. Would you like to come? 3 A: I’m afraid I can't solve this problem. B: Don’t worry. I......help you. 4 A: The phone is ringing. B: I......get it. 5 A: Are you still in pain? B: Yes. I......see the dentist today. Use the notes to act out short exchanges. (&avfc4 mcc-f a+ concert starts 9:30 leave house 8:00 f\ht] starts ^:00 yi)eet outs\n hdop^ fo |,edr pye coning fo vlsif тп^ bwn. Le^sgef fogefherf Give >ne d nnq when ^ou dlTive. ^ Cdf ch ^ou ^Jf er, Greg Hey Amanda, I can't believe I missed your party. My flight was cancelled because of the storm and I was stuck in London. I'll try and make it up to you another time. Kisses, Sarah Dear Matthew, I would like to wish you Happy Birthday and I would like to thank you for Inviting me to your party next week. I will definitely be there and I look forward to seeing you and your family. Yours, Paul 8 Writing Е'ф Portfolio: A friend of yours has won a scholarship to study at a summer school. Write a greetings card to congratulate your friend. Use the cards in Exs.3 & 5 as a model. (30-40 words.) [7Г!!.1!1Д Read the joke. What can the answer be? 'JCdA Jdqtouy 19 1 Word formation d Read the theory box. Are there similar types of formation in your language? Forming adjectives We use the following suffixes with nouns or verbs to form adjectives in English: • noun + -ful luse-use/u/j, -al imasic-masical), -ic (optimism-optimistic), -ish i self-selfish), -less (help-helpless), -ly (friend-friendly), -ous (fury-furious) • verb + -able (rely-reliable), -ed (bore-bored), -ing (bore-borins), -ibie ^ sense-sensible), -ive (act-active) b ' adjectives from the words in bold. Check in your dictionary. In pairs, answer the questions. In your OPINION who/which is: the most ► attractive (attract) actress? the most.......(success) musician? the best.......(tradition) dish? the worst......(romance) TV series? the most.......(style) outfit? the most ........ (care) mistake you’ve made this week? the most.......(optimism) friend of yours? the most.......(educate) person you know? the best thing to do on a....(rain) day? the most.......(bore) film you’ve ever seen? the least......(enjoy) holiday you’ve ever had? the most ...... (horror) food you’ve ever tasted? 1 ► I think Anselina Jolie is the most attractive actress. 1 3 Phrasal verbs: get Fill in: alons, across, down, over, over with. Check in Appendix 1. 1 Jane has difficulty in getting her ideas.. (communicating) 2 Do you get.....with your parents? (have a good relationship) 3 The sooner we start writing the report, the sooner we get it.....(finish) 4 This rainy weather gets me...(make sb sad) 5 Alice hasn’t been able to get....the fact that she failed her exams, (recover from) Dependent prepositions Fill in: of, with, on, about, at, to. Check in Appendix 2. Mrs Jacobs is very popular.....her students. Helen is very nervous ....... starting at her new school. You shouldn’t be jealous.......other people’s success. Rania is very fond......her young niece. I’m quite keen.......Maths. She’s good.......drawing. Nadia is quite proud .......... her brother’s sporting achievements. They are very close.....their parents. I'm not very patient....stubborn people. 20 Use the phrases in bold to talk about the people you know. ► The coach of my football team is very popular with all the players. Grammar Revision 4Э Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Hi Jane, I 0) ► am writing (write) to thank you for the lovely card and flowers you 1)...(send) me last week when I was ill. It was very kind of you and they arrived just when 12).(feel) very low so they really 3)...(cheer) me up. I'm much better now and 14)....(already/be) back at school for a couple of days. I have an awful lot of schoolwork. 15).(never/be) so busy. For the last two nights, I 6)...(study) until midnight to try and catch up. Anyway, thanks again. Love. Claire ь Work in pairs. Take the roles of Jane and Claire. Use the text in Ex. 4a to act out their telephone conversation. Socialising in the UK 1 ULTURE CORNER 2 What is social etiquette? a) customs & rules for polite behaviour b) customs or beliefs which have existed for a long time C.) Read the title of the text and the headings under the pictures. What do you think people in the UK do in these situations? Listen and read to find out. 3 Answer the questions. 1 How do the British greet someone for the first time? 2 How do they greet friends and relatives? 3 What can you talk about with a British person? 4 What should you do when you visit a British person? Social In ttie UK The British are famous for their language, sense of humour and, of course, politeness. So, when you are in the UK, make sure you respect the social etiquette in the following situations: British people are quite reserved when greeting one another. A handshake is the most common form of greeting when you meet someone for the first time. It is only when you greet close friends or relatives that you would kiss them on the cheek or give them a hug. The British may also call you by many different ‘affectionate’ names, such as dear, chuck, mate, guv, son or madam. Do not be offended, this is quite normal. The British like their privacy, so not all topics are safe for small talk. Avoid asking people about their age, religion, politics, marital status, weight or how much they earn. Instead, acceptable small talk topics are family, films, television, sport, studies, food, hobbies and of course, the weather! When you visit people at home, make sure you are on time. It’s also nice to take a gift for your hosts, such as a bottle of wine, a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates. A British person might say ’come and see me soon’ or 'drop in anytime’. However, you must always phone before you visit someone. Explain the words/phrases in bold. Use some to complete the sentences. 1 You mustn’t be rude to your teachers. You should.....them. 2 Lucy gave her parents a......and then went to bed. 3 Being impolite to others is not...behaviour. 4 Apart from the....... he didn’t know anyone at the party. 5 She kissed her daughter on the ...... before she left for work. 5 6 Now answer the questions in Ex. 3 about your country. Project: Write a short article for an international school magazine explaining what someone should do to greet people, make small talk or visit people in your country. Use your answers from Ex. 5. 21 Across the Curriculum 1 * Personal, Social & Health Education ) Listen to and read the poem. How is it related to the title of the text? Good morning. Pro. Over. Hmm. Con. Under. Nice day. Off. Cloudless. Dim. On. Thunder. Sorry. Front. Detour. Glad. Back. Highway. Hadn’t. Taut. New way. Had. Slack. Thruway. Go. Open. Byway....? Stay. Shut. MY WAY! Work. And. Play. But. Eve Merriam (US poet) 2 How do you deal with arguments? What’s the best way to handle such situations? Discuss in pairs. udy skills Completing a text (gap filling) Read the title and the text quickly to get the gist. Read the text again, one sentence at a time, focusing on the words before and after each gap and think of the word that fits best. Read the completed text again to make sure it makes sense. This way, you will minimise the number of mistakes you make. 3 Read the text and complete the missing words. Compare with your partner. Explain the words in bold. Change the following "T “you” statements into "I feel” statements. Use the adjectives bad, upset, annoyed, sad. 1 You never want to hang out with me any more! 2 You're late again! You’re so unreliable! 3 You’re always telling lies! 4 You never listen to me! ► / feel bad because we don’t hang out any more. 22 ising friends is about as easy as making friends if you don't know 1)....to deal with anger and conflict. Conflict is part of everyone's life. It will show up at school, at work and 2)......home. It's OK to feel angry, frustrated, annoyed, disappointed or sad. These feelings are natural, but ifs how you deal with 3)..... that makes the difference. Some people scream, shout, sNvear’, call people names, try to get back at or even hit the person who has hurt them. Others do their best to keep away from disagreements, 4).........very few deal with conflicts successfully. Resolving conflict is о step by step process. Before you start discussing the problem, cool off, count to 10, take a deep breath and imagine a relaxing place. Then, soy what's really bothering you. While doing that, watch how you express yourself. Don't bbme or accuse. Share how you feel by using "I" statements. For example, don't say "You are always bossing me around," but "I feel frustrated because you don't pay attention to what I think." You wont people to hear your opinion so make sure you practice what you preach^ Listen carefully to the 5).... person and accept that he or she might see the problem in a different way. Be flexible and open-minded, willing to apologise, forgive and move on. t t use bod iongu09e. ^hybpersuode 5 6 Listen and read the text again. Your friend gets angry very easily. Use the ideas in the text to advise him/her how to control his/her anger and resolve a conflict. ftV- Project: Work in pairs. Find the opposites of the words below and write a similar poem about arguing. Read the poem aloud. • Cold • Old • Night • Light • Don’t • Won’t Do you agree with this statement? Discuss. i Words oi Wisdom Whatever begins in anger, ends in shame. Benjamin Franklin (US statesman) 23 Progress Check IFill In: selfish, sociable, pessimistic, shrugsed, clenched, patient, reliable, stubborn, shy, insincere. 1 He was so angry he.........his fists tightly. 2 Rachel has many friends because she’s very........ 3 ..... people always see the negative side of things. 4 Penny doesn’t get angry easily. She’s very...... 5 Thomas is very..........He won’t let you down. 6 Don’t believe everything Helen says. She’s a bit 2 3 7 A.......person doesn’t care about other people’s feelings. 8 Jane is very ....... and blushes when strangers talk to her. 9 Henry didn’t answer, he just........his shoulders instead. 10 Listen to me! Don’t be so........... / Points: — 110X2 20 Complete the sentences with words derived from the words in bold. 1 John always looks on the bright side of life. He’s very.......OPTIMISW 2 That woman across the street is very ...... ATTRACT 3 Dave bought me a wonderful birthday present. He’s so......GENEROSITY 4 I became.......when he turned up late again. FURY 5 The film was quite......BORE I Points: ___\ 1^5X4 20 ) Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 24 1 I.....(take) the dog for a walk every day after school. 2 Jade......(look) for a new job at the moment. 3 This cake......(taste) delicious. 4 Tie your shoelaces. You.....(trip) over them. 5 George......(cook) a meal when the phone rang. 6 Oily always......(dress) in black when he was a teenager. 7 I’m really tired. I think I.(have) an early night. 8 Fred.....(work) for the company for ten years. 9 I can’t stand Mrs Brown. She.....(always/shout) at us. 10 Trevor........(think) about buying a new car. ’ Points: _ 10X2 20 A Complete the phrasal verbs with the correct T preposition. 1 Do you get......well with your classmates? 2 The bad weather is really beginning to get me 5 4 5 1 2 4 5 The teacher had difficulty getting her ideas ......to the students. It has taken me a long time to get.......the flu. Come on! The sooner we start, the sooner we * /Points: ____\ 1^5X2 10 j Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. Mr Brown is very popular.......the students. I am very good.......English. I am always top of the class. I’m not very keen ......... basketball. I prefer football. Polly is very fond.....her grandmother. You shouldn’t be jealous.......your little sister. Points 5X2 ■ io) 6 Match to form exchanges. hi I Thank you very much. a No, please sit |2| I Is this seat taken? down. That's very kind of you. Lii I I’m afraid I have to " Don’t mention it. ill I Make yourself at ^ Indeed it is. home. g Well, thank you 111 I What a nice day! for coming. I Can ... /Points: ____\ [ЪХА 20) ( My score: ___\ V iooj • talk and write about family members and relationships • talk and write about conflict and disagreement • describe and compare people • write a poem based on opposites • write a greetings card • write a short article about socialising in my country ..... ................. ... in English Module 2 ^ Food & Shopping ♦ Before you start... • What makes you a good friend? Is it difficult to find a true friend? • How do you feel when you first meet people? Look at Module 2 Find the page numbers for pictures 1 -4. ♦ Find the page numbers for • a flea market advertisement I I • logos I I Listen, read and talk about... • ways of cooking • food & food quantities • places to shop • charities Learn how to ... • express your food likes/dislikes about food • give directions • talk about things you have bought • order food/dining • describe a family meal out Practise... • Present Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous • definite/indefinite articles • has gone to — has been to/In • words often confused: slice, peel, pour, chop, grate, beat, melt • collective nouns • idioms about food • order of adjectives • phrasal verbs: go • word formation: negative adjectives; verbs to show repetition • intonation: questions Write / Make ... • an email about a traditional dish in your country • informal letters and emails • an article about charity organisations NOTHING 25 -i -.-r-l II Reading & Vocabulary/ 1 2 3 4 5 26 Reading What do you usually eat at school: a sandwich, biscuits, crisps, soup, salad, fruit, a hot meal? Where do you get it/them from: home, the shops, the school canteen? I usually eat a sandwich at school. I get it from the school canteen. C,‘ Look at the pictures and listen to the music. What do you think an ‘obento’ is? Which country is it from? a (, r- Think of three questions to ask about obentos. Read, listen and check if you can answer them. D Read again and complete the sentences. 1 An ‘obento’ is... 2 Its origin goes back to.. 3 You can buy an obento.... 4 To make an obento you need.. 5 It is important that obentos look 6 Obento portions for nursery schools should be.... Explain the words in bold. Щ Check in the Word List. Tell your partner three things you found interesting about obentos. Is it healthy food? Give reasons. [6] Vocabulary Ways of cooking a Look at the suggested ways food can be cooked (1-6). Find the odd word in each example. ► A: I love scrambled eggs. How about you? Check in the Word List. 8; / prefer them poached. O' Eggs: scrambled, poached, roast, boiled, fried Polfltoes: baked, roast, pickled, boiled, mashed Vegetables: pickled, boiled, steamed, scrambled Chicken: roast, baked, grilled, mashed, fried Rice: boiled, fried, roast, steamed baked, grilled, scrambled, poached, fried b How do you like your meat, eggs, potatoes and vegetables? Ask and answer, as in the example. It’s lunchtime at school and you’re heading for the canteen, but what will you have to eat? Will you have a sandwich and an apple, or maybe a hot meal? Things are a little different in Japan. Children open their lunchboxes to find rice shaped like footballs, eggs that look like rabbits or flower-shaped carrots all packed up in an obento! An obento, or bento, is one of the oldest food traditions in Japan. Basically, it is lunch served in a box. Obento boxes have been part of the Japanese society since the 5th century when people used to take a packed lunch with them to work. Bentos have become very popular since then and you can buy them almost anywhere nowadays at theatres, airports and even at train stations. An obento usually consists of four parts rice, three parts meat or fish (fried or grilled), two parts vegetables (pickled’, boiled or steamed) and one part fruit. It should be nourishing and healthy, but it must be appealing too. You often see food shaped like flowers, animals and sometimes even cartoon characters! Mothers take great pride in creating ‘school-bentos’ for their children. Nursery schools have established regulations for an obento. Food should be easy to eat with chopsticks or the fingers, portions should be small and it should be pleasing to the eye. It should also include food that the child would not normally eat so that they won’t become a fussy eater. The Japanese have always looked upon the mother as one of the main influences of a child’s success. Taking time to prepare their children’s food shows their love for them. And what happens if a Japanese mum runs out of ideas? There are almost 400 magazines available to get inspired. ’ food like vegetables kept in vinegar or salt water 6 7 Food collocations Ffll in: food, weight, salad, diet, meal, sauce, chocolate, vegetables. Check in the Word List. 1 Can I have a fruit / green / side., please? 2 Do you ever eat frozen / junk / fast...? 3 He has a balanced / poor / healthy...... 4 I think I’ve put on / gained / lost... 5 We had a four course / home-cooked / light ........last night. 6 This.....is too rich / creamy / spicy. 1 I just love dark / milk / white..... 8 I don’t care for raw / undercooked / overcooked........ Complete the following sentences with your own ideas. I don’t eat... 1 ► meat because I'm a vegetarian. 2 .......I’m allergic to them. 3 ......I don’t care for spicy food. 4 ......They are a bit too sour for my liking. 5 .......I’m on a diet. 6 ......I don’t like junk food. 8 9 Do you agree that cooking for their children is a good way for mothers to show them their love? In three minutes write a few sentences on the topic. Read your sentences to your partner. Think of a traditional dish in your country and answer the questions. 1 What is it called? 2 What is it made from? {meat, potatoes etc) 3 How do you cook it? (bake, boil etc) 4 What does it taste like? {delicious, spicy etc) Use your answers to write a short email to your English penfriend about the dish (50-80 words). Dear Matt, I hope you are well. In your last email you asked me about a traditional dish in my country... 27 Listening & Speaking Shopping 1 2 Q Listen to three dialogues. In which of the places in the pictures are they taking place? Read the box. Then choose a picture and describe it to your partner. udy skills Deschbins pictures When describing a picture, you should describe it as if someone can’t see it. Include all possible details e.g. objects, people’s clothes, place, weather, sounds etc to help them visualise it. 3 4 4 d In which of the shops below would you hear the following? newsagent’s f bakery florist's shoe shop L jeweller’s chemist's butcher’s hair dresser’s I Clothes shop L fishmonger s optician’s 28 1 “Do you have this in an extra large?” 2 "Just a wash and blow-dry, please.” 3 "A kilo of steak, please. ” 4 "These are fresh from the oven.” 5 "I’ve come to pick up my prescription." 6 “I take a size five, narrow" 7 “Are you long or short-sighted?” 8 “I need to send this first class.” 9 “A dozen of those pink ones, please.” 10 “They were caught fresh this morning.” 11 “Is this the July issue?” 12 “Do you prefer gold or silver?” b In which shop can you buy the following? • some stamps • a packet of aspirin • a kilo of sausages • a pair of sunglasses • some prawns • a bunch of tulips • a dress • a fruitcake • a necklace ► We can buy stamps at the post office. Everyday English Giving directions 4 0^ You are new to the area. Write a list of items you want to buy from different shops. Your partner will give you directions, as in the example. Giving directions Asking for directions opposite the / just round the corner / just down the road / right across from / between the ... and the / a five minute walk from here. 1 need to buy some... / Is there a ... near here? / We’ve run out of... / Where’s the nearest...? ► A: / need to buy some bread. Is there a bakery near here? B: Yes, there's one just down the road. 5 О Read and complete the dialogue. There Is one extra sentence. Compare with your partner. Listen and check. Amy: What nice sunglasses! Are they new? Jenny: 1)......... Amy: They really suit you. Where did you get them? Jenny: 2)......... Amy: Whereabouts is it exactly? Jenny: 3)......... Amy: Were they very expensive? Jenny: 4)......... Amy: That’s a bargain. I think I’ll go and have a look myself on Saturday. We can go together if you like. Jenny: 5)......... Amy: OK! See you there. A At Stacey’s in the town centre. В In Crimpson Street, opposite the bakery. C Great. 10:30 at the bus station. D No. I would never shop there. E No, not at all. They were only £ 2. F Yes, I bought them a couple of days ago. I’m glad you like them. Listening иф Q You will hear a radio advertisement for a flea market. Listen and fill in the missing information. ^nrrrfb Market! An exciting market in a historic setting! • alternative fashions, and gifts from 1)..to antiques • 2)......shops and stalls • now open 3)......days a week, 9:30 am to 4)......pm • nearest underground 5)........Chalk Farm, Northern Line 8 Say it right 0 Choose the correct response. Listen and check. 1 A: Can I help you? B: a No, I’m just looking, thanks. b It doesn’t fit me. 2 A: How would you like to pay? B: a By credit card. b Later. 3 A: Have you got it in a small? B: a Try it on, please. b Let me have a look. 4 A: Do you like the colour? B: a Not really. Have you got it in blue? b Can I exchange it? Intonation Intonation in questions Q Read the box. Then listen and repeat. Speaking 9 Yes/No questions usually have rising intonation. Wh-questions usually have falling intonation. 3 Portfolio: Work in pairs. You’re wearing something new. Your friend comments on it. Act out your dialogue. Record yourselves. 1 Are they new? 2 Were they expensive? 3 Where did you get them from? 4 Whereabouts is it exactly? 10 Think of six new words/ phrases you have learnt in this lesson. Make sentences using them. Tell your partner. 29 People have been celebrating 'Buy Nothing Day' for over a decade now. tt started in 1993 in Canada and is now an international event in 55 countries. It has always fallen on the day after Thanksgiving in the US and on November 26th in the rest of the world. On this day, people try their best not to buy anything at all for the whole day. The idea is to make people stop and think about what they buy and how their spending habits affect the Earth's natural environment. Just a little effort can make a big difference. Let’s take a look at what happens on Buy Nothing Day around the world... Present Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous Grammar Reference 1 Read the box. Find examples in the text. Are there similar structures in your language? Present Perfect (have + past participle) • for an action that started in the past and continues to the present. He has known Alice for years. • for an action which happened at an unstated time in the past and is connected with the present. He has met him before. (When? We don’t know.) • to give news or talk about sth which happened recently. Ouch! I've cut my finder. There are no trains. There’s been an accident. Present Perfect Continuous (have been + -ing form) • to put emphasis on the duration of an action wrhich started in the past and continues up to the present. He has been studying English since he was 10. • for an action that has recently/just stopped and its results are visible in the present. She has been working all day. She’s tired now. j 2 30 Put the verbs In brackets into the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous. 1 A; .......(you/see) dad? B: Yes, he’s at the garage. He.......(try) to repair the car for over an hour. 2 A: I.......(know) Ann for three years now. B: ......(she/study) with you for that long? 3 A: Bob........(lose) a lot of weight! B: Yes, he.......(not/eat) properly lately. 4 A: ........(you/clean) all morning? B: No. I.....(just/start). Montreal, Canada Today we're celebrating Buy Nothing Day at our school by holding an Eco-bazaar. We have been working hard on it all week. All the students have brought in a few items from home that are still in good condition. We receive coupons in return for each item. Now we are using the coupons to buy other things. Erica, 15 Birmingham, England We have decided to do simple things on Buy Nothing Day. We've walked to school instead of taking the bus and we've asked our parents not to go to the supermarket. James, 16 3 a What tense is used in each sentence? Why? A; Have you ever been to an Eco-Bazaar? B: Yes, I have. Last year we organised an Eco-Bazaar to celebrate Buy Nothing Day. b Work in pairs. Discuss your shopping experiences as in the example. • spend all your pocket money on one item • save money for a reason • visit a charity shop • buy something you regretted afterwards A: Have you ever spent all your pocket money on one item? Yes, I have. What did you spend it on? I spent it on a computer game. Work in pairs. You make a statement using the adjectives from the list. Your partner has to guess why. tired I exhausted I angry I happy I sad ► Team A: I’m exhausted. Team B: Have you been running? scared surprised Has gone to/has been to/ has been in Grammar Reference 5 Quantifiers Grammar Reference 6 Read the sentences in the box. Then, choose the correct word in sentences 1-5. • Joan has gone to the baker's, but she won’t be long. (She is at the baker’s.) • Rick has been to India. He really liked it. (He was there two years ago. He’s not there now.) • Emma has been in London for 5 years. (She is still in London.) 1 Have you ever been to / in New York? 2 He has gone / been out. He’ll be back soon. 3 Have you ever been / gone to the UK? 4 Jerry has been to / in the army for years. 5 Has Mum gone / been to the supermarket? Fill in the gaps with yet, recently, how Ions, never, since, just, so far, ever, last, aso. 1 ......have you been working as a cook? 2 John has.......been abroad. 3 When did you........go shopping? 4 This place has changed.......our last visit. 5 John’s not in. He’s.....left. 6 Has Kelly visited you.....? 7 They won first prize two years....... 8 Has Sue.......travelled abroad? 9 How many of the books have you read.......? 10 We haven’t left the library........ Definite (the) - Indefinite______________ article (a/an) Grammar Reference 7 Fill in the gaps with a/an or the where necessary. Check in the Grammar Reference section. Correct your mistakes. 1 Penny can play.......piano. 2 ......Smiths left for their annual holiday to ......USA from........Heathrow Airport. 3 My parents go to.....cinema once.......week. 4 While we were in ......... Paris, we went on ......boat trip down........River Seine. 5 Emma won’t be coming to .......... party. She has got.......really bad cold. 6 When ........ car crashed it was travelling at 100 miles.......hour. 7 Tracy went to........hospital to visit Ted. 8 Fred usually travels to school by......train, but today he took.......bus. 9 Geoi^e moved to........Netherlands last...... May. 8 study the table. Then look at the chart. Choose the correct words in bold to complete each sentence below. Make more sentences using the chart and appropriate quantifiers. Countable nouns; a lot of, lots of, many, (a) few. very few Uncountable nouns: a lot of, much, (a) little, very little We normally use a lot of/lots of in positive sentences and much/many in questions and negations. 1 Teens Las4- Еюц411+ 1 Iwi-Hv Ttvelv* Podce-i-Money' Hy percent (%) Teen Rank 1 il Femalea 1 Clothes 21 43 2 Food 30 31 3 Sweets 24 34 4 Salty Snacks (i.e. crisps) 26 32 5 CDs or Recorded Music 15 22 6 Lunch 18 18 7 Shoes 15 16 8 Video Games 18 5 9 Jewellery 7 15 10 Magazines 9 12 1 Teen girls spend a lot of/a little money on clothes. 2 Very few/Very little boys spend money on jewellery. 3 Girls spend as much/few money on lunch as boys. 4 Teen girls buy very few/little video games. 5 Boys don’t buy as many/much sweets as girls do. Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions using how long... since/for. Use these phrases as well as your own ideas. • have these shoes • know your best friend • be at this school • live in this area * study English ► A: How long have you had these shoes? B: Since last year./For five months. 9 Grammar Check 2 31 1 2 Vocabulary & Speaking Eating habits Fill in: pinch, bar, teaspoon, loaf, slice, litre in their correct form. Then answer the questions about yourself. 1 How many........of chocolate do you eat per week? 2 How many ....... of milk do you drink per week? 3 How many........of sugar do you take in your tea? 4 Oo you add a......of salt to your salad? 5 How many........of cheese do you put in your sandwich? 6 How many........of brown bread do you buy a week? Words often confused Food preparation verbs d Fill in: slice, peel, pour, chop, grote, beat, melt. Can you add more foods/drinks to the list? 1 ......cheese, carrots 2 ......butter, chocolate 3 ......eggs, cream 4 ......bread, cake 5 ......sauce, coffee 6 ......potatoes, bananas 7 ......onions, vegetables b m Your friend is cooking for his/her family. Look at the ingredients and find out what he/she has done so far. Use the verbs A: Have you beaten the eggs? B: Yes, I have./No, 1 haven’t beaten them yet. 3Look at the text. What type is it? Use the following words to complete the text. • melt • grate • pinch • chop • slice • teaspoonful. Cheese & Ham Triangles Serves Ingredients: • 6 flour tortillas ^ • a large piece of cheese Щ , Л • a packet of ham ‘ ' • a small onion • ^Ita 1)...of mixed herbs^ • a 2)....of salt 1 Preheat the oven to 190° C. 2 3).....the cheese. 3 4).....the ham into small pieces and 5).up the onions. 4 Place the ham, cheese and onions on one half of the tortilla. Sprinkle the salt and herbs over the top. 5 Fold the tortillas over, then pop them in the oven. 6 Bake for 8-10 minutes until the cheese has begun to 6).......and serve immediately. Ordering food and drink 4 m Match the phrases to the pictures. Then, act out short dialogues. • Steamed, fried or grilled? • Sparkling or still? • Rare, medium or well done? • White or brown? • Fried, boiled or scrambled? ► 4: I’d like some bread, please. B: White or brown? A: Brown, please. 32 5 Grammar Grammar Referencej d Read the theory. Is it the same in your language? < Using nouns Words that are only in the plural are: • tools/instruments: scissors, pliers, scales etc. • clothing: clothes, jeans, trousers etc. • other words: police, goods, stairs etc. • Some words look plural but they aren’t: news, means. Words that are used only in the singular are. • luggage, money, information, equipment, food, furniture, advice etc. • games: billiards, dominoes etc. [ J etc. b Choose the correct verb form. Check in the Grammar Reference section. 1 A: When is/are the news on TV? B: In ten minutes. 2 A: Physics is/are my favourite subject. B: Really? Mine is/are AAaths. 3 A: Fifty pounds is/are too much to pay for a T-shirt. B: I know, but I couldn’t resist it. 4 A: These trousers is/are too tight. B: Here, try this/these. 5 A: Our living room furniture is/are quite shabby. B: Yes, but it costs a lot of money to replace. 6 A: My hair is/are too long. B: You should have it/them cut then. 7 A: Money doesn’t/don’t bring happiness. B: I couldn’t agree more. 6 Idioms Use the idioms in their correct form to complete the sentences 1-5. Check in Appendix 3. Which idiom does the picture show? What does it really mean? Are there similar idioms in your language? • one’s cup of tea • a piece of cake • spill the beans • (take everything) with a pinch of salt • crying over spilt milk 1 John really loved the film, but it wasn’t Helen loves telling stories, so you should take everything she says........ It’s a shame you lost the match, but it’s no use........ 7 2 Please don’t ....... and tell my secret to anyone. 3 The exam was so easy. It was...... Listening Э о Listen to two pairs of people talking about a restaurant they’ve been to. Which dialogue contains a positive/negative opinion? b (, ) Look at the phrases below. Which of the two dialogues do they belong to? Listen again and say. ) When we left, I was still hungry. I The prices turned out to be reasonable. \ The waiter mixed up our order. \ | wouldn’t recommend it. ) There was a really long queue. \ First of all, there were so many dishes to choose from. \ They overcharged us. The portions were huge! 8 \ I was really full when we finished. Speaking && Portfolio: Think of the last time you/ your family ate out. Use phrases from Ex. 7b to describe your visit there to your partner. Record yourselves. Writing 9 Portfolio: Use your answers from Ex. 8 to write a short email to your English penfriend describing a family meal out (60-80 words). 33 Writing Skills 1 Informal letters/emails What does the picture show? • a car boot sale • a flea market • a shopping mall Use the phrases to describe it to your partner. open air stalls second-hand, handcrafted goods (silk scarves, silver jewellery etc) fun/unique/colourful atmosphere Iw bargain/reduced prices C friendly/loud street vendors C indecisive/excited shoppers 2 34 a .°vi0 Read the rubric and answer the questions. * This is part of an email you I received from your American I penfriend Jack. My sister is visiting London next month. Any ideas where she could go shopping? She’s on a really tight budget. 1 What are you going to write? 2 Who are you going to write to? 3 What will your piece of writing be about? b What style are you going to write in? How would you start/end your piece of writing? Read the theory box and check. Informal letters/emails are sent to people you know well (friends, relatives) about your recent news, personal problems, information you need etc. They are written in an informal style with a chatty, personal tone. An informal letter/email consists of: • an informal greeting {Dear Mary/Uncle Jim, Dear Mum, etc) • an introduction in which you write your opening remarks [asking about your friend's health etc) and mention the reason for writing Hi! How’s it going? I just thought I'd drop you a line ... • a main body in which you write about the subject of the letter/email in detail, starting a new paragraph for each topic • a conclusion in which you write your closing remarks I've got to go now. Write back soon ... • an informal ending [Love/Take care/Best wishes/Yours etc * your first name) 3 Read the email below and match the paragraphs (1-4) to the headings (A-C). Check with your partner. A information asked for В closing remarks C opening remarks & reason for writing iC;'+ Dear Jack, Hi! How are you? Sorry I’ve taken so long to answer, but my computer broke down last week, and I only managed to get it working today. Anyway, I’m really glad your sister is visiting London. ^ The best place for her to go shopping is Camden Town in north-west London. There is a huge variety of colourful indoor and outdoor flea markets, international food stalls, clothes stalls, music stalls and street vendors. There’s nothing you can’t find at Camden Market, from vintage clothing to antiques, all at bargain prices! I was there last Saturday with my friend Jill. She bought a beautiful embroidered handbag that goes with all her clothes and I bought a pair of 70s style second-hand jeans, some rare comic books for my collection, and a small leather purse, all for £15. Can you believe it? After our shopping, Jill and I enjoyed some Chinese rice noodles and sweet and sour chicken at one of the food stalls. I’m sure your sister will find what she wants there. London is a great place for shopping, and I’d be glad to show her round if she wants. ^ Have to go now. I’ve got a project to finish for Monday. Your friend, Evelyn Grammar Grammar Reference Order of adjectives 3 What adjectives does Evelyn use to describe what you can find in Camden Town? b Read the table, then put the adjectives in phrases 1-5 in the correct order. When two or more adjectives are used before a noun they normally go in the following order. opinion beautiful, lovely, terrible size small, big, huge, tiny age old, modern, second-hand shape square, round, rectangular, triangular colour red, dark blue, light green, pale brown pattern checked, polka dot, striped origin Chinese, British, Russian material woollen, wooden, silver, leather, china 5 1 Ann bought a square/small/wooden table. 2 Steve wore a navy blue/woollen/second-hand pair of gloves. 3 Sarah gave them a beautiful/round/silver frame. 4 Her grandmother has a(n) gold/old/Russian pair of earrings. 5 He bought her a striped/cotton/modern bag. Opening and Closing Remarks Decide which of the following are opening/closing remarks. Which of them could you use to replace those in Evelyn’s letter? A Hi! How’s everything going? В Write back soon and tell me all your news. C Give your parents my best wishes. D How are things? E I’d better go and do some work! F Write and tell me what it’s like there. ^udy skills 6 Writing кф Read the rubric, underline the key words and answer the questions. I This is part of a letter you received I from your American penfriend Jim. I Write a letter to your friend. 1 I recently visited Paris and went shopping at a great open-air market. 1 enjoyed it a lot. Are there open-air markets in your town? What can you buy from them? \ 7 1 Who is going to read your letter? 2 Why are you writing the letter? 3 Where are the markets? 4 What can you buy there? 5 What opening/closing remarks will you use? Ly Answer the questions in the plan, then write your letter (100-120 words). Para 1: opening remarks/Why are you writing the letter? Para 2: Where is the market? What can you buy there? Interpreting rubrics When you write, make sure you include all the points in the rubric. The rubric gives us information about the situation, who we are writing to and what we should write about. 1 Phrasal verbs: so a Fill in: down with, off, without, with, up, after, through. Check in Appendix 1. 1 The dog went........the kitten, (chased) 2 Does this pink shirt go ....... my blue trousers? (match) 3 The cheese smells funny. It’s probably gone.........(bad) 4 Jane went........the flu yesterday so she didn’t go to school, (became ill) 5 Laura is unhappy. She is going ....... a very difficult time, (experiencing) 6 Camels can go ........ water longer than any other animal, (lack/not have) 7 The price of petrol has gone......again. (increased) 2 Use an appropriate phrasal verb to label the picture. Have you ever been in such a situation? Tell your partner. Word formation Read the box, then complete the sentences with words derived from the words in bold. 36 Forming negative adjectives dis- combines with adjectives, nouns and verbs to form adjectives, nouns and verbs, with the opposite meaning, {disinterested, disorder, dislike) mis- combines with verbs and nouns to form new verbs and nouns describing actions or things one has done wrongly or badly, (misquote, missuided) I was disappointed to learn the children were .....at the party yesterday. BEHAVE I can’t find the receipt. I think I’ve.it. PLACE Don’t trust him! He’s a....man. HONEST I’ve had a ......... with my teacher. UNDERSTAND Some young people are rude and......their elders. RESPECT What are the ....... of buying from flea markets? ADVANTAGE 1 3 Dependent prepositions d Fill in: in, out, by. Check in Appendix 2. Assistant: Can I help you, madam? Customer: Yes, please. Do you have a copy of The Da Vinci Code on DVD? I can’t find one. Assistant: Let me see. It’s very popular so it is 1).................great demand at the moment. Customer: Oh dear. I wanted to buy it for a friend’s birthday. Assistant: I’m afraid it is 2)...of stock. Customer: Have you got War of the Worlds instead then? Assistant: Yes, we have. Customer: OK, I’ll take it. Assistant: Would you like to pay 3).....cheque or 4).....credit card? Customer: Is it possible to pay 5)...cash? Assistant: Sure. That’s £20. Customer: Here you are. Assistant: Thank you very much. b Work in pairs. You want to buy a birthday present for your friend. Take roles and act out a similar dialogue using the underlined phrases in the dialogue in Ex. 3a. Grammar Revision: Tenses Э Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Amanda 0) >■ has been cooking (cook) ever since she was a liltle girl. Now, as a young adult, she 1). (make) up her own recipes. She 2)........(write) the succcs.sful ones down in her own cot>kery book which she 3).....(plan) on publishing someday. Recently she 4).....(experiment) with different cooking styles and spices from around the world. In facL Amanda 5) .... (enter) an international cooking competition next week. She 6).....(want) to win first prize which is a scholarship to a well-known catering school in France. Amanda 7) .... (always/dream) of becoming a qualified chef. She hopes her favourite dish 8).....(bring) home first prize! b Work in pairs. You are a journalist and your partner is Amanda. Use the information in the text to interview her. 1 What does the title of the text mean? 1 People should raise money to help those who are ill, disabled or poor. 2 People should think of the needs of the people who are near them before they think about helping anyone else. How can the title be related to these logos? Read and check. Marie Curie Cancer Care ULTURE CORNER 2 ®©' к 0 Read the text and fill in each gap (1-10) with the word (A, B, C or D) that fits best. Compare with a partner. btabis at koHi£^ 3 ^ (,,) Listen and read the text again. Do you think having big charity organisations is a good idea? Why (not)? Do you give money to charity? Why (not)? In three minutes write a few sentences on the topic. Read your sentences to your partner. Portfolio: Are there charity shops or charity organisations in your country? Collect information, then write a short article about them for an International Students’ AAagazine. Write: • what their names are • what causes they support • how they collect money It is said that charity begins at home, and people in the UK 0)seem to have put these words into practice. Their enthusiasm for helping others shows in the 187,000 charity organisations that 1).....in the country. Some of the most famous ones are Oxfam, Age Concern, the RSPCA. the British Heart Foundation and Marie Curie Cancer Care. People donate money to charity organisations or volunteer to help them 2)....money. Many of these organisations run charity shops. The first charity shop in the United Kingdom was established by Oxfam in Broad Street, Oxford. Oxfam has the largest number of charity shops in the UK with 3).800 stores. Charity shops sell goods at very 4)....prices. The items for sale are usually second-hand and donated by members of the public. These 5)....books, records, CDs, clothes, accessories, household items, furniture and costumes for 6).....occasions such as Halloween. There are bargains for 7)....I Some charity shops also sell new goods that are somehow related to the cause they 8)......In Oxfam stores, for example, you can find fair trade food and crafts. The staff who work at charity shops are volunteers, so most of the profits from the sales 9)...towards the charity. In the US, where charity shops are called thrift stores, this kind of shopping is so 10)....that it has got it’s own word, it’s called thrifting] 0 A seem В need C should D look 1 A work В exist C run D sell 2 A save В spend c waste 0 raise 3 A more в higher c over D above 4 A bargain В low c poor D small 5 A contain в include c offer 0 mean 6 A other в holiday c special 0 common 7 A everything в everyone c everywhere D everyday 8 A support в hold c keep D protect 9 A make в are c put D go 10 A well-known в famous c popular 0 favourite 37 1 What type of bag do you usually carry your shopping in? ; f> skills KWLH Before you read the text, make a KWLH (Know-Want to know-Learn-How) chart. This will help you activate prior knowledge, understand the text better and enrich your knowledge. 2 Look at the chart below and copy it into your notebooks. Read the title of the text and complete the first two rows of the chart. What I want to know What I learned 5 m -m 3 4,‘ Which type of bag do the statements 1-5 refer to? Listen, read and check. 1 It is made from renewable resources. 2 Recycling it uses a lot of energy. 3 It takes a long time to decompose. 4 A lot of energy is needed to make it. 5 It can cause animals to die. Where does it come from? Paper As you know, paper comes from trees. But you may not know that it takes about three tons of wood chips to get one ton of paper pulp. Can you imagine the number of trees needed every year just to make paper? You might also be surprised to know that we wash, bleach and colour this paper pulp using chemicals that harm the environment. Plastic; Plastic comes from oil. Now. we all know that the oil industry causes pollution. Furthermore, the manufacturing of plastic bags uses a lot of electricity which is not good for the environment. Where does it end its life? Paper Your paper bag can end up in a landfill site where it will take years to break down. If you take it to a recycling centre it means more energy and chemicals are used. Either way, there's waste. Plastic Like paper, plastic bags often end up in landtills. In fact, in the UK, for example, we recycle only 1 in 200 plastic bags. So what happens to the rest? We throw them away. A plastic bag takes more than 1,000 years to decompose. In the meantime, plastic bags cause over 100,000 sea turtles and other marine animals to die every year, when animals mistake them fo£ food. The verdict We use large amounts of natural resources to make both paper and plastic bags. Both bags end up in the landfill anyway, so neither of them is the winner. The best way to carry your shopping and protect the environment at the same time is to choose a reusable fabric bag. Reusable bags take minimal energy to make, are light and last for years. 38 4 Match the underlined words to their meaning. • confuse with • damage • making • not heavy • only a little • get rid of them • break up • a large deep hole where we bury rubbish Complete the other two columns of the KWLH chart. Word formation: re- Read the box. Find examples in the text. Then use the prefix re- to make words from the ones given and explain how their meaning changes. Forming verbs to show repetition re- combines with verbs and their related nouns to form new verbs and nouns. Words formed this way describe an action that is being repeated, {build — rebuild) 1 marry... 2 name.... 3 open .... 4 start.... 5 write.... 6 print.... 7 appear.. 8 discover, ( Portfolio: Your partner uses plastic bags. Using the diagram, try to persuac them to switch to reusable ones. Use the information in the text. Record yourselves. recommend not using plastic bags & give reasons (You shouldn’t... because...) disagree giving reasons (I don’t think so because...) suggest solution^/^ (You could...) / agree, suggest using paper ones (I see your point... How about ...J ask what to do (So, what ...J agree (I guess you’re right) 'r i - 8 Read the saying. What does it mean to you? Discuss. ^een wisdero Strong reasons make strong actions. ('William Shakespeare, British playwright) Progress Check IFill in: pickled, peel, dark, srated, overcooked, pinch, rare, bar, sparklins, litre. 1 I can't stand.........vegetables because I hate vinegar. 2 If you add a........of salt, it will taste better. 3 Can I have a glass of........water? 4 Would you like a .........of chocolate? 5 I’d like my steak......... please. 6 Alan drinks a........of milk every day. 7 The vegetables were...........and the meat was tasteless. 8 Can you..........the potatoes, please? 9 Have you..........the cheese? 10 I prefer.........chocolate to the milk or white 'Polms: _ ,10X2 20 3 2 Complete the sentences with words derived from the words in bold. 1 I ......fish. I don’t like the way it smells. LIKE 2 Dad can’t find his glasses. I think he has.. them. PLACE 3 Don’t trust Alex. He’s very.....HONEST 4 Heavy traffic is one of the biggest ..... of living in a city. ADVANTAGE 5 I’m not saying I like junk food, don’t..me. UNDERSTAND Points: 5X4 20 Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous forms of the verbs in brackets. 1 40 Sheila......(go) to the bazaar. She’ll be back in an hour. You look sweaty!......(you/work) out? How much........(Helen/spend) on her English books? The house smells wonderful!......(Mum/bake) a cake? How long.......(Tom/save) to buy a new PC? Robin......(never/be) abroad. He....... (work) very hard recently. He needs some time off. We......(not^uy) all our Christmas presents yet. Joy.....(clean) the house since 9 o’clock. Can you give her a hand? 10 .......(you/ever/eat) Thai food? , \ Joints: —\ 10X2 20y 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 ^ Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. 1 The police officer went.......the bank robber. 2 This cheese is a strange colour. It must have gone 6 3 The prices of Christmas decorations have gone .........since last year. 4 How long can an animal go......food? 5 She’s been.......a lot since her accident. Points: —-5X2 10 5 2 3 4 Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. When you buy things online, you pay ........... credit card. Is it possible to pay....cheque? I rarely pay.....cash. Suncare products are ......... great demand during the summer. This CD is......of stock at the moment. Would you like us to order it for you? Points 5X2 Match to form exchanges. 1 I I How would you like to pay? 12 I I Whereabouts is it exactly? 13 I I Can 1 help you? |4 I I I’d like some water, please. I 5 I I What nice shoes! Are they new? a b c d Sparkling or still? Yes, I bought them last week. No, I’m just looking, thanks. By cash. On Oxford Road, opposite WH Smith’s. /points: 1,5X4 20у i Can f My score: 100 ) i • talk/write about a traditionai dish in my country i • talk/write about shops and shopping j • give directions to different shops j • write informal letters : • order food and drink j • talk/write about ways of cooking 1 • describe a family meal out ... in English Module 3 \ Great Minds Before you start... • What are school meals like in your school canteen? Which foods do you eat at school? • What do teenagers spend their money on in your country? Where do they go shopping? Ф Look at Module 3 Find the page numbers for pictures 1 -4. ♦ Find the page numbers for • a map I I • a person’s biography f I • a job advertisement I I • an email □ • a quotation from a famous person I I Listen, read and talk about... • fields of science • jobs/work • inventors/inventions • stages in life • English banknotes • a famous explorer ♦ Learn how to ... • give good/bad news and react to it • make a narrative more interesting ♦ Practise ... • Past Perfect/Past Perfect Continuous • idioms: identical pairs • phrasal verbs: bring • word formation: verbs • words often confused: discover/invent/ find out, job/workicareer, employers/ employees / colleagues, wages/salary! money • intonation: echo questions ♦ Write / Make ... • a friendly letter asking for a favour • a short email about a strange thing that happened to you • a biography of a famous person • a story • a description of banknotes in your country F ’ ‘1 P 'iTt 4: ■ j Reading & Vocabulary/ Reading 1 о What do you know about hot-air balloons? Read the title and the introduction of the text. What do you expect the text to be about? Read, listen and check. Animals Can you believe that the history of the hot-air balloon all began with a sheep, a duck and a chicken? One day in 1777, Joseph Montgolfier was relaxing in front of the fire with his laundry drying nearby. After a while, he noticed that one of his shirts had started to float upwards. The young man was curious about what was happening, so he threw some small pieces of paper into the fireplace to see If the same thing happened to them. When he saw them coming out of the chimney, he came to the conclusion that smoke had the power to lift things up and carry them through the air. Joseph loved science and wanted to become an inventor, so he started trying to think of a craft that would be able to capture smoke and heat and lift people off the ground. Along with his brother, Jacques, he began performing experiments on something that later became the first hot-air balloon. The Montgolfier brothers quickly realised that it was heat and not smoke that had the power to lift things. On I9th September 1783, they presented their first hot-air balloon, which was made from paper and cloth. They burned some straw underneath it and the heat helped the balloon to . float. As this was its first trip, the Montgolfier brothers were too ) ' nervous to go up in the balloon themselves. So. instead they put a sheep, a duck and a chicken in the basket that hung below the balloon for the two-mile journey. The new invention was a great success and the animals landed safe and sound A huge crowd, including some members of the French Royal Family gathered to watch the balloon floating high in the sky. Shortly afterwards, the brothers asked the king for permission to send men up in the balloon. The king agreed, and the first flight consisting of human passengers took place in Paris on 21st November 1783. with great success. The balloon reached heights of around 150 metres as It floated over the Paris rooftops, starting a long tradition of hot-air ballooning. udy skills Multiple-choice reading Read the text quickly to get an idea of what it is about. Read the questions one at a time, then find the part of the text the question refers to. Go through the choices and choose the one that fits best. The information may be worded differently. 2 3 Read the text and choose the correct answers. Give reasons. 1 Joseph Montgolfier got the idea for a flying machine when ... a) he saw smoke in a fireplace. b) he saw pieces of paper flying. c) he watched a shirt drying. 2 Joseph hoped to be a(n)... a) sdentist. b) engineer, c) performer. 3 They burned straw to... a) help the balloon go up. b) make the balloon lighter. c) make the balloon move faster. 4 The first flif'-t was watched by... a) the k'.ig only. b) jiibt the Montgolfier brothers. c) a lot of people. 5 The Montgolfier brothers asked the king’s permission to ... a) send animals up in the balloon. b) send young men only. c) send some people. a Match the words in bold to their meanings, (decided) (catcti) (tests)(rai^ not in daj^ger showed b List all the verbs in the Past Simple tense then write the infinitive. Fill in; raise, lift, put up. Check In the Word List. 1 If you have any questions, please .......your hand......... 2 John.......the glass to his lips. 3 This sofa is really heavy. Help me ..........it. 5 Vocabulary Fields of science a Read the table. Which field of science interests you the most? is the study of natural phenomena. • Biology • Chemistry • Physics • Earth Science • Geography • Ecology • Astronomy is the study of the behaviour of human beings and societies. • Psychology • Education • History • Politics • Sociology is the application of scientific research to human needs. • Economics • Computer Science • Engineering • Management • Health Science H I'm Interested In History because I like learning about things which happened in the past. b Which subject do the following people study? 1 AAaria studies the function of the human body. к Biology 2 Adam studies the way computers works. ........ 3 Helen studies the planets and stars. ........ 4 James studies the way governments work. ................ 5 Rose studies the reasons for people’s behaviour. ....... 6 Alana studies the events of the past. ........ Speaking 6 7 Imagine you are Joseph Montgolfier. Talk about your invention. How did you feel? Writing Portfolio: Imagine you are Joseph Montgolfier. King Louis XVI has agreed on the first manned hot-air balloon flight. Use the information in the text on p. 42 to write a letter to Jean-Francois, a friend of yours, explaining what has happened and asking him to take part in the first flight with human passengers. Dear Jean-Francois, We fhially made it. The first.... We made it from.....To make it float, we......The Jirsl pa.s.sengns were... King Louis XVI and.......The king has agreed........ Woidd you like...... ? fie.st regards, Joseph Montgolfier 43 Listening & Speaking Work Id What does each person in the pictures do for a living? Choose from the list. author warden vet ^ artist lion tamer operator waiter air traffic controller architect graphic designer accountant cashier computer programmer ^ pizza delivery boy car salesman sales assistant - bank teller ► John misht be ... I think Steve is ... b What field of science should a person study to become a(n) „.? computer programmer accountant geologist mechanic teacher 2 a (,) Fill in: freelancer, desk, uniform, full-time, overtime, shift, salary, deadlines, pay rise, part-time. Listen and check. 1 Bob has to travel a lot. A.... job isn’t for him. 2 John works Monday to Friday, 9 to 5. It’s a...job. 3 The hours are unpredictable. My father often has to work...... 4 My brother doesn’t have to wear a.......at work. 5 Jim’s father is very well paid. His.....is C 30,000 a year. 6 Tom’s mother has just got a... Now she’s on £ 1850 a month. 7 They often have to meet tough .....but they manage. 8 Ann often works the night..... It’s tiring but she doesn’t mind. 9 Now that Jenny has children, she works ..... from 4 to 8 every weekday. 10 She works as a....from home. b Use the words in Ex. 2a to talk about your parents’ jobs. ► My mum has a full-time job as a teacher. She doesn’t have to wear a uniform at work. She recently sot a pay rise. My dad is a journalist. He works as a freelancer from home. He often has to meet tough deadlines but he manases. 3 Look at questions A-F in the box. What Is the dialogue about? Complete the dialogue with questions A-F. Two questions don’t match. AM)........... B: She works as a Personal Assistant to I the General Manager of a computer company. A: 2)......... B: No, she works 9-5 Atonday to Friday. A: 3)......... B: She makes travel arrangements for her boss and she gets in touch with different clients around the country. A: 4).........? B: The money’s great. She gets over £20,000 a year. She also gets a three-week holiday every summer. What’s the pay like? В Is it part-time? C What exactly does the job involve? D How long has she been working there? E What does your mum do for a living? F How does she like her job? 44 'VSF Listen and check. Read the dialogue aloud. Everyday English Givi ns/Reacting to news Listening Use the table to act out short exchanges for the following situations. Giving good news Giving bad news • Guess what! I’ve... • I’ve got some good news. I... • I’ve just... • I’m going... tomorrow. • I’ve just heard ... • I’m afraid... • I’m sorry to say ... • I’ve got some bad news. Reacting • That’s great. Well done! • Wow! That’s brilliant! • That’s fantastic. • Oh, no. • Really? What happened? • That’s too bad. • Really? You/He/She must be very sad. Your friend’s father lost his job. * A: I’ve got some bad news. My dad lost his job. B: Really? That's too bad. Your friend didn’t get a part-time job. Your friend’s mother got a promotion. Your friend’s father got a pay rise. 5 Say it right 0 Choose the correct answer. Listen and check. 1 A: How long has he been out of work? B: a Four months. b Forty years old. 2 A: How’s your mum finding her new job? B: a It’s opposite the train station. b It’s very hard. 3 A: How are things at work? B: a The same as ever. b Terrible, she’s really difficult. 4 A: Working evening shifts must be tiring for your dad. B; a Desk jobs aren’t for him. b He’s got used to it. 5 A: He’s got a job as a sales assistant. B: a What does he do for a living? b What does the job involve? 6 d Look at the job advertisement below. What type of information is missing? (,) Listen and complete the missing information. Compare with your partner. 7 looking for a part-tirne !! shop assistant Are you: I • over1).....years old? ^ • enthusiastic and ’ 2)......? • able to work flexible ^ 3)......? p Join us Your duties will include: • 4)...customers • taking 5).. No previous experience required - full training given. Pay: 6)..... For more information call 020 7310 8821 Intonation Echo questions a C} Read the box, then listen and repeat the echo questions in the example. Echo questions show that the speaker did not understand what was said before. This is achieved by rising intonation as well as repeating part of what the other speaker has said using wh- words. A: The dog ate the book. B: a The dog ate what? b What did the dog eat? c The dog did what? b React to the comments below. 1 I saw Brad Pitt in a club yesterday. 2 I’m leaving for Brazil. 8 Portfolio: What do your parents do for a living? Use the questions in Ex. 3 to act out a similar dialogue. Record yourselves. 45 Grammar in Use Have you ever made a mistake that actually turned out to be something good? Believe it or not, a lot of things we use every day were a result of accidents! Here is one of these amazing stories! Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming had been experimenting with bacteria for a long time before he made his most important discovery in 1928. Being a very sloppy’ scientist, he used to leave his culture^ plates all around his messy^ lab and then forget about them. One day he noticed that there was some mould** on one of the bacteria samples he had left by an open window. He took a closer look and saw that there was something around the mould. This made him realise that the mould was able to destroy harmful bacteria. He had discovered penicillin. Since then, his discovery has helped millions of people around the world recover from illnesses. * careless, ^ small dishes used in experiments, ^ untidy, a fuzzy growth that forms on something that is decaying or damp 1 Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous - Past Simple - Past Continuous Grammar Reference < Read the theory. Are there similar structures in your language? Find examples in the text above. We use the Past Perfect (had + past participle) for'^ • a past action which happened before another past action. He had left when Jane called. • a past action which finished in the past and whose results were visible in the past. She was upset because she had failed her test. We use the Past Perfect Continuous (had + been + -ing form) for • a past action in progress putting emphasis on the duration which finished before another past action. He had been driving for three hours before he reached the village. The Past Perfect Continuous is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect Continuous. He had been waiting for the bus for half an hour before it arrived. (He wasn’t waiting for the bus at the moment described) He has been waiting for the bus for half an hour. (He’s still waiting for the bus) 2 Use the words in brackets to write sentences, as in the example. 1 46 She went to her dad’s office, but he wasn’t there, (he/go/out) ► He had gone out. When Sue came back home, the floor was clean, (her sister/ mop/floor) John didn’t want to eat. (he/already/have/lunch) We invited Ann out but she couldn’t come, (she/arrange/to go out with/parents) Helen asked Laura to go to the cinema with her, but she refused, (she/see/film/before) When Tom arrived, Stella was very angry, (she/wait/for an hour) 3 7 He met everyone but Sue. (she/ already/leave) 8 Sally was tired, (she/work/on the computer/morning) Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect. 1 Before her guests arrived, she ......already........ 2 By the time Jane came back home,......... 3 She was sad because........ 4 He felt really happy because. 5 He went to the cinema after... 4 What had/hadn’t you done by the age of ten? Make sentences. ► 8y the age of 10, I had acted in some school performances. By the age of 10, I hadn’t started learning English. 5 Fill in the gaps with the Past Perfect or the Past Simple. 1 A: ......(you/manage) to catch the 8 o’clock train last night? B: No, it......(already/leave) when I ...... (get) there. 2 A: What.......(Helen/do) when she.......(arrive) home? B: Well, she...... (make) something to eat and then she.......(go) to bed. 6 7 8 3 А: Why.......(Sarah/be) so upset last night? B: Before she........ (come) to find us, she ......(get) in a fight with her sister. 4 A: ...... (the children/see) their father yesterday? B; No. By the time he.......(drive) back from the city, they.....(already/fall) asleep. Make full sentences using the Past Perfect Continuous and the Past Simple. 1 she/wait for/an hour/before/Helen/arrive ► She had been watting for an hour before Helen arrived. 2 Larry/look for his glasses/for over an hour/ before/he/find them 3 they/play football/over an hour/before/Tom/ score 4 Jane/drive/for over two hours/before/she/ reach/ the Smiths’ cottage 5 Mr Smith/work/in the company/for ten years/ before/ he/decide/to leave Think of reasons for those situations. Complete the sentences. Use the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Continuous. 1 He was unhappy because ► he had failed his tests. 2 Our teacher was angry because........ 3 She had a terrible headache because........ 4 The children came back home very tired because ....... 5 She was late because........ 6 They were wet because......... Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Continuous. 1 A: John was really tired yesterday. B: Sure he was. He........(work) in the garden all day. 2 A: Did you meet Jerry? B; No. By the time I arrived, he......(leave). 3 A: Why was Mr Smith angry with Sue? B; Because she........(not/finish) her work. 4 A: Pat was really mad at me. B: I bet she was. She ........ (wait) for two hours before you called. 5 A: Did you talk to Mark? B: No. By the time I got home, he..(go) to bed. 9 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Past Simple or Past Continuous. €»oe Dear Sam, How are you? You won’t believe what 1)............... (happen) to me last Saturday. 12)......(walk) along the beach with my dog, Sam, when he 3)......(spot) something in the sand. He 4)....... (start) digging it up and waving his tail happily. It 5). (turn) out to be a wooden box with coins in it. I quickly 6).......(grab) it from Sam who 7)......(try) to chew it and 8).....(take) it straight to my history teacher, Mr Brown. As soon as 19)......(see) the look in his eyes, 1 10)....... (know) we 11).......... (find) something special. Together, we 12)........ (go) to the local museum. They 13)........(examine) the coins and they 14).......(announce) that they were 250 years old. Can you believe it? A box full of valuable coins 15)..... (wait) for someone to find it for so many years! The people at the museum 16)............. (come) to investigate. They 17)......(dig) all around the area, but they 18)......(not find) anything else. It's still a bit of a mystery how the box 19)......(come) to be there. Attached is the article from the local paper. What do you think of the photo? Write back soon. Pete Speaking 10 Look at the pictures. Use the verbs to continue the story one after the other. Use past tenses. „ • walk • hear • cry • look • find • call • arrive • rescue • pull out • thank ► Mandy was walking through the woods with her dog last Saturday ... Writing (an email) 11 Portfolio: Think of a strange thing which happened to you. Send an email to your Englisb penfriend telling him/her about it. Grammar Check 3 47 Vocabulary & Speaking 1 Who’s the woman in the picture? What do you know about her? Think of three questions you would like to ask about her. Read and see if you can answer them. Explain the words in bold. Marie Curie was bom Maria Sklodowski in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. She was the youngest of five children. Her parents 1)........ as teachers and they brought her up to love learning. Her mother died in 1877. Manya, as they called her, and her sisters had to get jobs. Manya became a tutor' fora family. She enjoyed her 2)......... there and could .send money to her father and her sister, Bronya, who was studying medicine in Paris. When her sister got married, she invited Manya to live with them and study at the Sorbonne. It was then that she 3)........ her name to Marie. Marie studied Physics and Maths and got her .Master's degree in both .subjects. When she graduated from university, she started research 4)......magnet 'tsm. It was at that time she met Pierre Curie, a young scientist. They 5)........in bve immediately and got married. Marie moved to his house and they both started examining uranium and other elements to decide whether they were radioactive. It 6).......... them four years to isolate- the radioactive source which she named radium. For this, they 7)........ a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. In 1906, her hwiband died in an accident and Marie got the position they had offered him at the Sorbonne. In 1911, she got a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 8).......... World War I, she designed the first mobile X-Ray machine and travelled with it along the front lines^. Marie died in July, 1934 in Pari.s. She died 9).......radiation poisoning. She worked hard and proved that if a person keeps to their goals'', they will 10).......For her, success came with the two Nobel Prizes .she received and the fact that she was the first woman to ever get one. We all owe^ her our respect and admiration. ' teacher, ^find, ^ where the soldiers were fighting ' aims, ^ must give 1 A taught В worked C were D employed 2 A time В period C term D season 3 A swapped В altered c changed D replaced 4 A with В at c into D for 5 A met В fell c were D went 6 A had В lasted c spent D took 7 A earned В gained c won D achieved 8 A As В While c During D When 9 A of В by c over D with 10 A reach В achieve c manage D succeed 2 Choose the correct word A-D to complete the gaps. О Listen and read the text again. Why does the writer consider Marie Curie to have been successful? ^udy skills Completing a gapped text Read the title and the text quickly to get the gist. Read again carefully. Focus on the words before and after each gap. Look at the four options and choose the word that best fits. Read the completed text to see if it makes sense. 3 List the events in Curie’s life in the order they happened. Use your list to present AAarie Curie to the class. Stages in life d О Listen and repeat. What are these words in your language? A infant/baby (0-1 yrs) В toddler (2-3 yrs) C child (4-12 yrs) D teenager (13-19 yrs) adult (20-59 yrs) senior citizen (60 yrs+) 48 b What stage are you at? How about your brothers/sisters? your parents? your grandparents? ► /’mo teenager. My... . 5 а *ч|) Fill in buy, change, have, start, get (x3), leave, study, work, move (x2) in the correct form. Listen and check. 6 1 Sheila......law and........her degree a year ago. She’s now....... as a lawyer. While at university she met James. They ............ married in two months’ time. 2 My aunt and her husband.....a child recently, so they decided to.....to a bigger house. 3 My elder brother decided to.....his job as a sales assistant and....his own business. 4 When my mother......... her driving licence, she will......a new car. 5 My best friend will.....schools because her parents have accepted new jobs. They will be ......next month. b Use phrases from Ex. 5a to make true sentences about you and your family. ► My parents got married in ... . Listening CP Listen to the speakers on a radio programme talking about their life experiences. Number the statements in the order you hear them. There is one extra statement. A I couldn’t pay the bills. В His family didn’t want him to live alone. C I still miss my family. D We had to find a new house. E I didn’t want to go somewhere new. F I wanted better job opportunities. 1 2 3 4 5 Speaker b ©« Have you made any important change(s) in your life? What exactly? How did you feel? Tell your partner. ► Last year.... Idioms 7 a Match the idioms to their meanings. Check in Appendix 3. Then use them to complete the gaps in sentences 1-5. again and again