Учебник Английский язык 9 класс Афанасьева Михеева Баранова часть 1

о. в. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова гос АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Условное обозначение: 5рд — предлагаемое задание имеет экзаменационный формат Афанасьева, О. В. А94 Английский язык. 9 кл. : в 2 ч. Ч. 1 : учебник / О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова. — М. : Дрофа, 2014. — 112 с. : ил. + 1CD. — (Rainbow English). ISBN 978-5-358-11044-1 (ч. 1) ISBN 978-5-358-14043-1 Учебник, созданный известными специалистами в области преподавания английского языка, является основным компонентом учебно-методического комплекса для 9 класса. Учебник соответствует Федеральному государственному образовательному стандарту основного общего образования, рекомендован Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации. УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2АНГЛ-922 Серия «Rainbow English» Учебное издание Афанасьева Ольга Васильевна Михеева Ирина Владимировна Баранова Ксения Михайловна АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 9 класс В двух частях. Часть 1 Учебник Зав. редакцией Л. Г. Беликова Художественный редактор Л. П. Копачева Художник А. А. Гурьев Компьютерная верстка Н. В. Зайцева в соответствии с Федеральным законом от 29.12.2010 г. № 436-ФЗ знак информационной продукции на данное издание не ставится Сертификат соответствия № РОСС RU. АЕ51. Н 16508. Подписано к печати 30.05.14. Формат 60 х 90 Vg- Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура «Школьная». Печать офсетная. Уел. печ. л. 14,0. Тираж 7000 экз. Заказ № 14-01304. ООО «ДРОФА». 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2. Предложения и замечания по содержанию и оформлению книги просим направлять в редакцию общего образования издательства «Дрофа»: 127254, Москва, а/я 19. Тел.: (495) 795-05-41. E-mail: [email protected] По вопросам приобретения продукции издательства «Дрофа» обращаться по адресу; 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2. Тел.: (495) 795-05-50, 795-05-51. Факс: (495) 795-05-52. Сайт ООО «ДРОФА»; www.drofa.ru Электронная почта: [email protected] Тел.: 8-800-200-05-50 (звонок по России бесплатный) TNM TNM PRINT s.r.o., Нова Место 14 PRINT Хлумеи над Цидлиной503 S1 8. Г. О. Чешская Республика www.tnin.c2 • mail.: [email protected] тел.: +420 495 480 878 Представительство типографии в России: ООО «ИНО ПРЕСС». Тел.: »7 (499) 392-0015 ISBN 978-5-358-11044-1 (ч. 1) ISBN 978-5-358-14043-1 ООО «ДРОФА», 2014 Book Guide UNIT 1. Mass Media: Radio, Television, the Internet (pages 5—52) Talking Points 1. Different kinds of mass media 2. Television in the life of people 3. Television in the classroom 4. Varieties of TV programmes 5. The Internet and its role in modern life 6. Children and computers 7. Writing personal letters Grammar Points 1. Present progressive passive 2. Past progressive passive 3. Present perfect passive 4. Past perfect passive Vocabulary Points 1. Words for the talking points 2. Confusable words: serial vs series 3. The nouns advice, hair, information, knowledge, money, news, progress: the way they function 4. Phrasal verbs: turn into, turn on/off, turn up/ down, turn over 5. The nouns police, data, media and their peculiarities 6. Word building: prefixes non-, in-, U-, un- to form words with negative sense 7. Social English: ways to correct the speaker, to express the opposite point of view Culture and History 1. BBC and Its main radio and TV channels Revision and Extention 1: Step 9 (pages 45—49) Test Yourself 1: Step 10 (pages 49—51) Project Work 1: page 52 Workbook 9: Unit 1 Reader 9: Section 1 UNIT 2. The Printed Page: Books, Magazines, Newspapers (pages 53—106) Talking Points 1. Importance of reading 2. Public and home libraries 3. Book preferences 4. Book categories. Paper books and e-books 5. The press 6. Journalists and journalism Grammar Points 1. The pronoun one 2. Participle 1, participle II 3. Structures with participle 1 (to have fun skiing etc) 4. Gerund and the verbs that usually follow it {start, finish, love etc) 5. Peculiarities of the gerundlal constructions after the verb mind | Vocabulary Points 1. Words for the talking points 2. Confusable verbs: mumble — murmur, shout — scream; print — publish — type 3. How synonyms may be different 4. Homonyms: verbs to lie {lay) — to lie {lied) 5. Social English for telephone talks 6. Word building: suffixes 1) -ly to form adjectives {weekly, monthly), 2) -merit to form nouns, 3) -nii^ in adjectives 7. Phrasal verbs: look after, look through, look for, look forward to doing sth 8. English idioms with the verb mind Culture and History 1. Famous British and Russian writers 2. Peculiarities of headings in British newspapers and magazines Revision and Extention 2: Step 9, pages 98—103 Test Yourself 2: Step 10, pages 103—106 Project Work 2: page 106 Workbook 9: Unit 2 Mass Media: Radio, Television, the Internet. r+ 0) •D Step 1 DO IT TOGETHER A. Listen to the song, ^ (1), and decide which of the three things the song is about. a) wildlife b) freedom c) travelling B. Read the lyrics and sing the song along. Eagle ABBA: (Benny Andersson, Bjorn Ulvaeus) They came flv in* from faraway Now I’m under their spell. I love hearing’the stories that they tell They’ve seen places bevond my land And they’ve found new horizons They speak strangely but I understand орел = flying очарование [bi'jund] за пределами And I dream I’m an eagle And I dream I can spread my wings. Flyin’ high, high, I’m a bird in the sky I’m an eagle that rides on the breeze High, high, what a feeling to fly Over mountains and forests and seas And to go anywhere that I please. расправить c 3 As all good friends we talk all night And we fly wing to wing I have questions and they know everything there’s no limit to what I feel. We climb higher and higher Am I dreamin’ or is it all real Is it true I’m an eagle Is it true I can spread my wings Flyin’ high, high. I’m a bird in the sky I’m an eagle that rides on the breeze High, high, what a feeling to fly Over mountains and forests and seas And to go anywhere that I please. C Say where in the world you would like to go and why. Answer the questions. 1) What kinds of mass media^ do you know? 2) Which in your opinion is the most popular of them? Why? 3) What in your view makes the Internet a fast developing kind of mass media? 4) What newspapers and magazines do you (your family . members, friends) read? Do you use paper media or electronic media? What kind of information do you look for in them? 5) For what categories of people do you think the radio is important? 6) The mass media give us information and entertain us. Which of the two is more important for you? 7) What do you usually watch on TV: the news, films, talk shows, sports programmes, musical programmes or any other? 8) Do you watch a lot of television? What are your favourite programmes? Why do you prefer them? A. Work in small groups. Interview your classmates and find out how many of them: 1) never or not often watch television 2) watch TV from 2 to 4 hours a day 3) watch TV more than 4 hours a day mass media [ mees'miidia] — {always plural) средства массовой информации 4) watch only their favourite programmes 5) watch anything that is on 6) prefer watching: a) films b) cartoons c) documentaries d) TV games e) musical programmes f) educational programmes g) sports programmes h) talk shows i) reality shows j) other 7) watch TV: a) to relax^ b) to have a good laugh c) to learn something new d) to be in the know e) for other reasons 8) enjoy TV 9) hate TV B. Compare the results in different groups and sum them up. Say the same using the passive voice. Example: They show a lot of thrillers on TV nowadays. A lot of thrillers are shown on TV nowadays. 1) John Logie Baird made the first television of old cars, bicycle parts, lenses^ and other things. 2) Baird demonstrated the first TV in 1925. 3) They opened the first television service in Britain in 1936. 4) They first used colour television in the United States in 1956. 5) In the early days of television few people bought television sets because they were expensive. 6) They soon developed new technologies and built a lot of TV stations. 7) The BBC^ World Service shows programmes in forty different languages as well as in English. 8) They publish TV programmes in the TV Times, a popular weekly magazine. 9) Nowadays you can find television practically in every family. 10) They always devote a lot of programmes to sport. 11) TV people will introduce new programmes in the near future. Complete these sentences using passive form of the verbs. 1) In the 1970s TV technologies (to develop). 2) Nowadays a lot of TV and radio programmers (to devote) to politics. 3) In the future new TV stations (to build) in Russia. 4) The BBC (to found) in the nineteen twenties. 5) The Internet can (to use) in many ways. 6) The BBC (to know) as the best non-commercial [ka'm3:Jal] television and radio system. 7) More and more people (to teach) with * to relax [nlaeks] — отдыхать ^ a lens [lenz] — линза ^ the BBC — the British Broadcasting Corporation — Британская теле- и радиовещательная корпорация 8 с D the help of television and the Internet in the future. 8) Our lives (to dominate) by the Internet in the future. 9) The modern idea of radio (to develop) by many individuals — inventors, engineers, businessmen of the previous centuries. 10) A global system of interconnected computer networks (to call) the Internet. The Passive Voice 1. Вы уже знаете, что сказуемое в предложениях в страдательном залоге образуется по формуле: глагол to be в нужном времени + (третья форма основного глагола). The house is built, we can move in. The house was built about ten years ago. The house will be built very soon. 2. Для того чтобы сказать в страдательном залоге о том, что какое-то действие происходит в момент речи или в определенный^ момент в прошлом, в английском языке используют времена: Present progressive passive Past progressive passive am being is being r + ^3 are being J was being \ were being J 1) A new school is being built in our street. 1) When 1 came back home, a new school was being built in our street. “Г 2) The letters are being answered now. 2) At 5 o'clock the letters were still being answered. 1) The article Is not being translated now. 1) When 1 rang John up, he said my article was not being translated yet. 2) The rooms are not being cleaned now. 2) At 6 the rooms were not being cleaned yet. 1) Is the fax being sent? 1) Was the fax being sent when he called? 7 2) Where are these toys being sold? 2) Were these toys being sold when the instruction came? Say the same in Russian. 1) A new bridge is being built across the river. 2) When I entered the hotel, I noticed that all the cleaning ladies were busy. The rooms were being prepared for the coming visitors. 3) John said he was not sure that those dictionaries were still being sold. 4) You can’t get inside. The floors are being cleaned. 5) “Where is my favourite T-shirt?” — “Sorry, dear. It is being washed.’' 6) I know that this article is being translated now. 7) Where are your bags? — They are being weighed. 8) The story that was being told when I entered th€ room surprised me. 9) What music is being played? I can’t recognize it. 10) When I entered the hall; a beautiful new melody was being played. Look at the picture and say what is being done at the moment for the school party. Ф "O Read the texts (a—e) from English newspapers and match them with the titles (1—6). There Is one title you don't have to use. 1) New Sports Star 2) Part for the Young Actor 3) Problems of the Black Continent 4) Politicians 5) Climatic Problems of the World 6) Political History of the World a) Jared Leto plays Hephaistion, Alexander the Great’s closest friend and trusted soldier in this Oliver Stone film. The role was first offered to Brad Pitt, who had already appeared on our screens in Troy, another ancient history blockbuster. Leto stars with Colin Farrell as Alexander, Anthony Hopkins as Ptolemy and Angelina Jolie who plays the part of Olympias, Alexander’s mother. b) Kevina is 14. Her parents, aunts and uncles were killed by AIDS\ so she must look after her four younger brothers, three younger sisters and her blind 84-year-old grandmother. They have no food, money or home. In the near future Africa will have 40 million parentless children — all because of AIDS. c) Most scientists agree that global warming is real. In the last century the average temperature went up about 0.6 degrees Celsius (about 1 degree Fahrenheit) around the world. They say the higher temperatures are a result of an atmospheric growth of carbon dioxide. d) Lance Armstrong has always loved swimming and running, but he seemed to be born to race bikes. Sometimes he rode so far from home at weekends, his mum and dad had to drive to look for him. He became good enough to ride with the US Olympic training team during his last years at school. ' AIDS [eidz] — (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) — СПИД е) The UK and US have had a special relationship for two centuries. Fighting together in World War II cemented their friendship. “What I have called the fraternal association of the English-speaking peoples means a special relationship between the two countries,” said Winston Churchill in 1946, just after the end of World War II. 10 c 3 DO IT 01У YOUR OWN Choose the appropriate verb forms to make the sentences complete. Write the sentences down. 1) I can’t give you John’s article now. It (is translated/is being translated). 2) We couldn’t get in because the rooms (were painted/were being jDainted). ^Wen your granny was a little girl, computer games (were not played/were not being played). 4) In England milk and newspapers (are brought/are being brought) to the door of your cottage. 5) At the moment a new bridge (is built/is being built) across the river. 6) I can’t give you any information about the project. It (is completed/being completed) now.7) Christmas and Easter (are celebrated/are being celebrated) in many European countries. 8) Such cakes (are made/are being made) easily. 9) What about the hall? — When I entered the house, it (was decorated/was being decorated). 10) Everybody was busy. The rooms (were prepared/were being prepared) for the arriving visitors. Open the brackets to complete the sentences. Use the passive voice. Write the sentences down. 1) The first television programmes (to show) at the beginning of the 20th century. 2) Nowadays new television technologies (to develop). 3) He says the new book (to discuss) in room 15 now. 4) Look! A new school (to build) in our street. 5) A lot of programmes on TV (to devote) to sport. 6) This fact (to know) to everybody. 7) Don’t worry! Your papers (to prepare). They’ll be ready soon. 8) These exercises (to do) yesterday. 9) When Nick entered the kitchen, dinner (to cook). 10) These books (to sell) everywhere now. Match the parts of the sentences in the two columns to get complete phrases. 1) When I returned to my native city, I noticed that... 2) The room for the Christmas party... 3) Last Saturday I was invited to your party but... 4) I haven’t posted the letters yet, ... 5) — Has the reporter come? — Yes, ... 6) — Has Alec Fox finished the book yet? — No, ... a) Bill was not. b) the last chapter is still being translated. c) a new theatre was being built in its main square. d) Mr Jackson is being interviewed in the next room. e) is being decorated. f) they are being translated and will be sent tomorrow. Get ready to speak about your summer holidays. Mention: • where you spent them; • with whom you spent them; • what new things you saw or learned; » what useful things you did during your holidays; • what you liked most about your holidays; what you liked least about your holidays; what kind of holidays you’d like to have next time. Step 2 DO IT TOGETHER Yesterday different programmes were shown on television. Listen, which channels^ these people probably watched. (2), and decide Watching Television a) Alice Radcliffe has recently visited China, Japan and Vietnam. She has fallen in love with the culture and traditions of these countries. Never misses a TV show devoted to them. b) Will Smith is fond of travelling. He has been to many European countries but has never visited any country of the Pacific or Indian Oceans. Wants to know more about flora and fauna of that region. c) Christina Bruco has boon travolling ovor tho world cinoo Kor oKildKood. SKo io very much interested in the exotic traditions and customs of different peoples. Alice probably watched Channel... . Will probably watched Channel... . vSlVx'aTtf\h.iircr pvvxhxvlri.’/ - ... . Listen to the text again, ^ (3), and decide which of the statements are true and which of them are false. Channel 1 1) New Zealand is the same size as the USA. 2) New Zealand is often called a natural park. 3) The kiwi bird is New Zealand’s national symbol. 4) All birds in New Zealand are nicknamed 5) The kiwi bird will be protected by the government of the country. Channel 2 1) Kwanzaa is celebrated in spring. 2) Kwanzaa is a theatre performance. 3) Kwanzaa is celebrated in Africa. channel ['tjaenal] — зд.: телевизионный канал 12 с 4) Kwanzaa is very popular among some African people living in the USA. 5) Kwanzaa means “favourite fruit” in Swahili. Channel 3 1) The channel showed the programme about spring celebration in the East. 2) In spring Easter is celebrated in Europe. 3) In spring eastern churchmen walk barefoot^ on fire during the Nagatoro Fire Festival. 4) Chocolate rabbits and eggs are symbols of the Nagatoro Fire Festival. 5) The Nagatoro Fire Festival is celebrated once in two years. Try and imagine a TV studio 10 minutes before the beginning of a live talk show. Use the phrases and say what is being done at the moment. Example: invite the visitors into the studio. — The visitors are being invited into the studio. 1) turn on the lights 2) light^ up the studio 3) check the cameras 4) bring in some extra chairs 5) put flowers on the tables 6) give some last-minute recommendations to the host^ 7) play a nice melody on the piano 8) read the scenario [si'nairiou] again 9) instruct the visitors 10) switch on the microphones ['maikrafounz] Yesterday Andrew wanted to watch TV but couldn't find anything good enough to himself. He began to surf the channels'*. Say what he saw on them. Example: Channel 1 — a sentimental melodrama — show. — A sentimental melodrama was being shown On Channel 1. Channel 2 — an old horror film — repeat Channel 3 — a talk show— give Channel 4 — a modern opera — perform Channel 5 — a ballet performance — give Channel 6 — pop songs — sing Channel 7 — food — prepare Channel 8 — women’s clothes — demonstrate ['demanstreit] Channel 9 — kids’ bedtime stories — tell Channel 10 — classical music — play A. Listen, (4), and read. aedvertise [’aedvataiz] — рекламировать, помеш;ать объявление broadcast ['bro:dka:st] n — трансляция broadcast v — транслировать citizen [’sitizan] — 1) гражданин, гражданка; 2) житель города ^ barefoot [’beafut] — босиком ^ to light (lit, lit) [lait] — освещать ^ a host [host] — ведущий программы to surf the channels — переключать каналы. current ['клгэп!] — текущий discuss [di'skAs] — обсуждать discussion [di'skAjn] — обсуждение main [mem] — главный, основной news [nju:z] — 1) новость, новости; 2) новостная программа serve [S3:v] v — служить, обслуживать serve n — 1) служение, служба; 2) услуги stand for — употребляться вместо, обозначать В. advertise: to advertise goods, to advertise a new project. The new shop is being advertised in our local paper. Political parties are not allowed to advertise on TV. Someone who advertises something is an advertiser. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast/broadcasted, broadcasted) v: to broadcast live, to broadcast on television (on the Internet, on the radio). The Prime Minister’s speech will be broadcast tomorrow. broadcast n: a radio broadcast, a TV broadcast. More details will be given in our evening broadcast. citizen: 1) a citizen of the world, fellow citizens. Jane married an American and became a US citizen. 2) a US citizen, a citizen of Boston. Citizens of London love their parks. current {usually before noun): his current address, the current year, current situation, the current climate, the current changes, the current events. The current changes in the world’s economy seem to be global. discuss: to discuss a plan (project, problem), to discuss the child’s future, to discuss a trip (voyage). You should discuss it with your parents. We are meeting to discuss where to go for holidays. discussion: a long discussion. We need to have a discussion about your new project. main: the main problem, the main character, the main building. The main entrance to the building is behind the corner. We eat our main meal of the day in the evening. news {always in the singular, no indefinite article): 1) important news, current news, bad news, good news, the latest news. Bad news travels fast. I’ve got news for you. No news is good news. 2) the news = a TV or a radio programme: the 9 o’clock news. Do you often watch the news? serve: to serve the country, to serve people, to serve dinner. My brother served in the army two years ago. service: 1) his service in the army. Jack was given a gold watch after 25 years of perfect service to his master. 2) the services of a doctor. They offer all possible Internet services. to stand for something: RF stands for Russian Federation. A. Use the words from the box to complete these sentences. 13 fT> T3 Kl stand, discussion, discuss, serving, news, main, broadcast, current, services, advertised, citizens 1) The President’s speech will be ... on all channels at 6.00 this evening. 2) To achieve the best results they used the ... of a designer. 3) We need to have a ... about our current problems. 4) He met his future wife while he was ... in the army. 5) The book was ... in a lot of women’s magazines. 14 с D 6) I have no idea what these letters ... for. 7) Is this your ... address? 8) The ... entrance to the building is in Oxford Street. 9) All the ... of London got interested in the new project. 10) You should ... this problem with your doctor. 11) I wrote to my cousin telling him all the latest... . B. Make up some sentences with the new words. A. Read the text and the sentences after it. Say what facts are true, false or not stated in the text. The BBC The BBC is probably the best known non-commercial radio and television system, formed in 1927 to educate the citizens. The letters BBC stand for the British Broadcasting Corporation, a very large television and radio organization in the UK. It includes a number of national and local radio stations, national television stations, the International BBC World Service and BBC Worldwide Television. The BBC is a public service. It is paid for by taxes\ by advertisers, and all the main political parties can give political broadcasts on it. There are four radio channels. Radio 1 has mostly pop music; Radio 2 has light music, comedy, sport. Radio 3 has classical and modern music, talks on serious problems, old and new plays. Radio 4 gives current news reports, talks and discussions. The BBC also has two television channels BBC 1 and BBC 2. BBC 2 offers more serious programmes than BBC 1. It shows discussions, adaptations of novels into plays and films, operas and concerts. BBC 1 offers lighter plays and series, humour and sport, but there are also some interesting documentaries. BBC documentaries are popular in many countries of the world. 1) The BBC was not organized to make money. 2) The BBC includes both radio and television. 3) The BBC has five national radio stations. 4) There are seven local TV stations in the UK. 5) The BBC works for the UK only. 6) The BBC is regularly used by the political parties. 7) All the radio channels specialize in different things. 8) To listen to serious music people turn on Radio 1. 9) You can hear talks and discussions on just one radio channel. 10) BBC 1 television channel presents less serious programmes than BBC 2. 11) BBC documentaries are shown worldwide. taxes [taeksiz] — налоги в. Listen to the same text, (5), then read it aloud. C The marked words in the text may be new to you. Do you understand what they mean? What helped you to understand their meanings? D. Answer the questions about the BBC. 1) What do the letters BBC stand for? 2) When and why was the BBC formed? 3) What parts does the BBC consist of? 4) How do you understand the phrase “The BBC is a public service”? 5) How can the British political parties use the BBC? 6) Why do you think different radio and TV channels specialize ['spejolaiz] in different programmes? 7) Which of the BBC radio and TV channels would you like to choose for yourself? 8) Have you ever watched any of the BBC documentaries? What impression did they make on you? Ф t: N» A. Read the sentences and say how negations and guestions in present and past progressive passive are formed. Present Progressive Passive Past Progressive Passive — 1. The papers are not being signed. The boss is busy. 2. The floors are not being cleaned. The vacuum cleaner has broken down. 1. I saw that the papers were not being signed. 2. I understood why the floors were not being cleaned. The vacuum cleaner had broken down. 7 1. Is a new hotel being built in this square? 2. Are the rooms being prepared? The quests will be here in an hour. 1. Was the new hotel being built in the square when you moved here? 2. Were the rooms being prepared when you arrived at the hotel? B. Make the statements negative. 1) The new theatre is being built in Green Street. 2) The papers are being looked through. 3) A new programme is being shown on Channel 4. 4) An interesting tale is being told to my children. 5) The visitors are being taken into the hall. C Make the statements interrogative. 1) A new test is being prepared. 2) The final plan is being discussed. 3) The invitation cards are being written. 4) Some new details are being introduced to the committee. 5) A lot of new buildings are being built in this part of the city. DO IT ОМ YOUR OWI\l Match the words with their descriptions. 16 c 3 1) advertiser 2) citizen 3) broadcaster 4) news 5) discussion 6) service a) help that you give to someone b) information about something that has happened lately c) a talk about something, usually something important d) someone who lives in this or that city or country. e) someone who tries to make people buy goods by giving information about them on television, the Internet etc f) someone whose job is to speak on radio or television programmes Use the appropriate forms of the verb to be to make the sentences complete. 1) This novel (be) read at the moment. 2) Yesterday the tickets (be) not bought: the box office was closed. 3) Such television programmes (be) usually shown in the middle of the evening. 4) I’m sure these problems (be) discussed at our meeting tomorrow. 5) When I entered the room, the walls (be) painted and I couldn’t find any place to put my things. 6) This question can (be) easily answered. 7) Where (be) such games played — indoors or outdoors? 8) Soon all your friends (be) invited to the party. 9) The new documentary is not ready yet, it (still be ) made. A. Write the same in English. 1) Главные вопросы; 2) радиотрансляция; 3) прекрасное обслуживание; 4) текущие события; 5) рекламировать одежду; 6) сограждане; 7) главный герой книги; 8) последние новости; 9) услуги врача; 10) транслировать по радио. B. 1) Что ты знаешь о текущих событиях в этой стране? 2) Чай подали в 5 часов. 3) Новости передают регулярно. 4) Давайте не будем обсуждать этот вопрос сегодня. 5) Новый роман рекламируют повсюду. 6) Каковы ваши главные достижения? 7) В этот день многие жители города пришли на центральную площадь. 8) Плохие новости быстро распространяются. Spell these words. 1) [di'skAs] 2) ['клгэШ] 3) [’aedvataiz] 4) [nju:z] 5) ['sitizon] 6) [s3:v] 7) [mem] 8) ['bro:dka:st] Step 3 DO IT TOGETHER (6). Say what two pieces Read the text "Television in the Classroom", then listen to it, of information are missing from the text. Television in the Classroom I have been using television in the classroom for ten years already. I began doing it as a teacher of English. Television can bring real scenes of English life into the classroom, which is important because many learners of English sel- dom have a chance to speak or to listen to people from England, America or other English-speaking countries. Television educational programmes help students to understand a lot of facts in different subjects. And it is certainly much easier to learn the things which you have seen. From the television programmes teachers can draw material to inform the learners practically about anything. The man of the future,- Magnus by name, travelled across the centuries in his time machine visiting different places all over the world. Say what was happening there at the moment he arrived in those countries. Use the passive voice. Example: When Magnus arrived in Ancient Greece, a play was being performed in Athens. 17 No Time Place Action 1 4th century BC Ancient Greece to perform a play in Athens 2 3rd century BC China to build the Great Wall of China 3 15th century England to print the first book in the country 4 1666 England to destroy London (by the Great Fire) 5 17th century North India to construct the Taj Mahal [,1а:фтэЪа:1] in the city of Agra 6 1703 St Petersburg to found the city 7 1787 the USA to write the Constitution of the United States 8 1812 Russia to drive the French army out of the country 9 25 th December, 1950 Italy to celebrate Christmas 10 12th April, 1961 Russia to send the first man into space 11 19... France to show pictures by Marc Chagal in Paris 12 1989 Germany to destroy the Berlin Wall fii ■D Ы Read the text and use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate passive forms to make it complete. Then check, ^ (7). 18 c 3 It is Wednesday afternoon. Mr Robin Warren is away on business. He is calling his butler^ to know what is being done for the party he is going to have when he returns home. R. W.: Good morning, Luke! How is it going? Can you tell me? L.: Everything is all right, sir. R. W.: What about the invitation cards? L.: They (write^), sir. R. W.: And my partners Mr and Mrs Wilkins? They (inform^) of the party? L.: I’m not sure they are, sir. Yesterday when I returned home Mr Wilkins (to call^) by your secretary, but unfortunately at that moment your partner was away. But don’t you worry, sir. Mr Wilkins (inform'*) either today or tomorrow. R. W.: And what about the big hall, Luke? L.: Everything is all right, sir. The hall (decorate^) at the moment and the curtains (wash®). I think they (hang^) on the windows soon. R. W.: Have you prepared the decorations? L.: We think that can (do®) a little later. The flowers (buy®) on Friday, sir. Everything (check *®), sir. I’m sure everything (do**) before you come. R. W.: Very good, Luke. Bye. L.: Goodbye, sir. Hope to see you soon. What do you think the underlined letters stand for? 1) Lewis Caroll, b^ in 1832, an English writer, wrote such a well-known children’s story as “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”. 2) Hollywood, CA, is home to American film industry. 3) The first place they visited in the US was Washington D.C. 4) 1 collect CDs with the music of my favourite groups. 5) The BBC is knowm worldwide. 6) Rome was founded in 753 BC. 7) Time’s come for you to think of your future. 8) “Fall” {AmE) is the same as “autumn” (БгЕ). 9) I have a pen friend in Newcastle, UK. The Noun Имена существительные advice, information, knowledge, progress, news, money, hair в английском языке являются неисчисляемыми. Они не употребляются во множественном числе, согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе, заменяются местоимением it. Перед этими существительными не употребляется неопределённый артикль. 1. I don't think it is good news. ]t is terrible. 2. iVi good advice. Thank you for it 3. Where is the money? It is on the table. 4. Her hair is long and beautiful. 5. What important information! ' butler ['bAtla] — дворецкий, управляющий А. Compare the English and Russian sentences. What's the difference? 1) Новости были отличными. 2) — Какого цвета волосы у Хелен? — Они светлые. 3) Эти сведения только что поступили. Они важные. 4) Его знания достаточно глубокие. 5) — Где деньги? — Они в моей сумке. 6) Спасибо за твои советы. Они всегда полезны. 7) Я вижу настоящие успехи в твоей учёбе в школе. 1) The news was perfect. 2) — What colour is Helen’s hair? — It is fair. 3) This information has just arrived. It is important. 4) His knowledge is deep enough. 5) — Where is the money? — It is in my bag. 6) Thank you for your advice. It is always useful. 7) I can see real progress in your studies at school. B. Choose the appropriate forms of the verbs to complete the sentences: 1) The information you’ve sent me (have/has) been very helpful, thanks a lot. 2) All these people (is/are) planning to travel next summer. 3) Jim’s hair (was/ were) too long and looked untidy. 4) These (was/were) some white sheep in the picture. 5) The progress you’ve made at school (is/are) very impressive. 6) These (is/are) good news and bad news, which would you like to hear first? 7) The money (have/has) been given to me as a birthday present. 8) The children (have/has) been taken on a long trip to the sea coast. 9) Jim’s knowledge of biology (is/are) surprisingly deep. 10) I’m sorry to say that your advice (have/has) arrived too late. Complete the sentences, using the necessary prepositions. 1) The letters LA stand ... Los Angeles which is a city ... California. 2) These goods are often advertised ... television. 3) The information about the Queen’s visit to Europe will be broadcasted ... the radio and television. 4) John is a citizen ... the world. 5) I’ve brought good news ... you. 6) The famous writer gave a series ... talks ... our school. 7) The television adaptation ... the play was very successful. 8) You can get this information ... electronic form. 9) The club was formed ... 1992. 10) Charlie Chaplin’s films are full of humour, but his humour is often sad. 19 1Л r+ Ф T3 w Confusable Words Serial ['siarial] — a written or broadcast story appearing in parts at fixed times {сериал, многосерийный фильм). Series ['siari:z] — one of a group of programmes on television or radio which are broadcast regularly during some time {серия, цикл. ряд). Here are some TV programmes. Which of them would you choose? What's your first, second and third choice? Explain it. political discussion concert of classical music modern action film quiz^ show quiz = a game in which participants have to answer questions 20 с D comedy play sports programme documentary news talk show film based on a classical novel serious play series based on a modern bestseller local news romantic comedy pop-music concert soap opera^ new cartoon crime film Work in pairs. You and your friend want to watch one of the programmes. Discuss which one is the best programme to watch. Variant 1 political discussion opera concert of classical music comedy play Variant 3 film based on a classical novel serious play modern film quiz show 19th century play based on a melodrama Variant 2 sports programme documentary news talk show 'SFa DO IT 01У YOUR OWN Use the appropriate pronouns to complete the sentences. 1) I can’t find the money. Where have you put ... ? 2) I can’t use their services, ... are too expensive. 3) What can you say about his knowledge of the English vocabulary? I think ... is very limited. 4) His advice is always helpful and ... al-wqys comes in time. 5) What’s the news? Is ... good? 6) The citizens came to the central square. ... were very much excited. 7) I love your hair. ... looks so beautiful. 8) Have you noticed any progress in his work? — Yes, I have. ... is clearly seen now. Read.the text. Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete it. Yesterday night my mum told me there was a very good film on Channel 4. It happened to be the old comedy “How to Steal a Million” which my mum remembered from her childhood. She said it (1) ... one of the (2) ... films she (3).... I (4)... her advice, turned to Channel 4 and wasn’t sorry about it. The film was really great. The main part (5) ... by Audrey Hepburn, one of the (6) ... actors of the (7) ... century. I liked her playing so much that today I already (8)... some information about (9) ..^ on the Internet. Now I have a list of films where she appeared as I’d like to watch some more of them. I can certainly (10)... the comedy I watched to my friends when I see them. be, enjoyable, take, ever see, play, talented twenty find, she recommended ' a soap opera = a television or radio programme about the continuing daily life of characters in it Use the appropriate passive verb forms to complete the sentences. 1) Listen. What piece of music (play) to the children? I’ve forgotten its name. 2) The article (complete) by the end of this week, take my word for it. 3) The news (discuss) by the head managers yesterday, they all know what is happening. 4) Not all films should (watch) by young children. 5) Last midnight the hard work (still do). 6) When Tom said it, his words (not hear). 7) Maggie and Liz are watching the telly: a new cartoon (broadcast). 8) Such questions practically (never answer). 9) The audience are still applauding. I think the song (sing) again. 10) Not every piece of advice can (take). 21 Get ready to speak about your favourite TV programme. Say: — what it is; — to what category of programmes it belongs; — when it is broadcast and on what channel; — how long it usually takes; — why you enjoy watching it. П) -o Step 4 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, (8), and match the extracts from the TV programmes (1—4) with their names (a—e) and pictures. There is one name you don't have to use. a) Wildlife: the Kind Giants b) Fauna: Animals of Australia c) Everything You Want to Know about the Horse d) Our Pets: What Do We Know about Them? e) Secrets of the Underwater World Read the sentences. Find among them those which are grammatically wrong. Correct them. 1) Ann’s music teacher says the girl’s progress has been surprisingly fast. 2) Mr Crawford’s money are kept in the bank. 22 с 3 3) Му parents give me good advice and I almost always follow them. 4) All this information comes from the Internet. 5) There are some good news: our national football team has just won an important match! 6) The girTs beautiful thick hair was cut short like a boy’s. 7) Mike’s knowledge of history allows him to share them with his classmates. 8) What’s your news? Is it good or bad? Phrasal Verbs Фразовые глаголы с ядерным элементом turn. 1) to turn into — превратиться 4) to turn over — перевернуть(ся) This is how the ugly duckling turned into a beautiful swan. 2) to turn on — включить Could you, please, turn the computer on? 3) to turn off — выключить Will you turn over, please? 5) to turn up — сделать погромче I’d like to turn up the radio: it’s my favourite song. 6) to turn down — сделать потише May I turn off the telly? Could you turn the music down a bit? Complete the sentences. Use the words from the box. 1) My brother turns ... the TV as soon as he gets home from college. 2) Fve told you the music is too loud and asked you to turn it ... . Please do it now. 3) Only in fairy tales mice can be turned ... horses. 4) Can you turn the radio ... , dear? I’d like to hear the 5 o’clock news. 5) You may turn ... your examination papers and read the questions again. 6) Turn ... your washing machine [ma'Jiin] before you leave home. 7) It’s 11 o’clock, time to turn ... the computer and go to bed. 8) You should teach me to turn ... and ... the new dishwasher. I’ve never used it. 9) When I turned the picture ... , I saw the painter’s name on the back. 10) If you can’t hear the music well, turn it... . 23 Ф T3 •1^ A. Read the key words from the text and try to decide what the text is about. Television, family, TV programme, men, women, children, interest, watch. B. Read the text to see if you were right and give it a name. Can you imagine your life without television? Most of Russian families watch it. Some families keep the television turned on most of the time, even when they have meals or receive visitors. They can watch anything that is on including trashy They turn the television on first thing in the morning and forget to turn it off when they go to bed. These people get so used to TV watching that they feel depressed [di'prest] if the television is not working. Yet, in most families television is turned on for two or three hours a day. Young children are not recommended to watch TV for more than an hour a day. Nowadays there are TV programmes that serve the needs of any age groups and any interestsi Men traditionally watch sports programmes and never miss important football matches. If they want to watch a film, they choose a comedy, a thriller or a crime film. Women may watch serials, comic series, pop-music concerts, romantic comedies and melodramas ['mela,dra:m9z]. Both men and women watch the news, talk shows and quizzes. Those who have more developed tastes listen to classical music, watch plays and serious films. Some people prefer science programmes, political broadcasts and documentaries. Young people never miss a good musical programme or a popular comic series, some watch reality shows. Children watch cartoons, children’s educational programmes and bedtime stories. C. Say which statements in the text you agree or disagree with. Speak about the role of television in your life. Mention: — how much time you spend in front of the television; — if you watch television for information, entertainment or both; — what programmes you prefer; — what programmes you hate; — if you can imagine your life without television. trash [traej] — cop, мусор; чушь, ерунда зд.: программа низкого качества Complete the sentences. Use the words from the box. 1) My brother turns ... the TV as soon as he gets home from college. 2) I’ve told you the music is too loud and asked you to turn it ... . Please do it now. 3) Only in fairy tales mice can be turned ... horses. 4) Can you turn the radio ... , dear? I’d like to hear the 5 o’clock news. 5) You may turn ... your examination papers and read the questions again. 6) Turn ... your washing machine [тэ'р'.п] before you leave home. 7) It’s 11 o’clock, time to turn ... the computer and go to bed. 8) You should teach me to turn ... and ... the new dishwasher. I’ve never used it. 9) When I turned the picture ... , I saw the painter’s name on the back. 10) If you can’t hear the music well, turn it... . 23 VI Г+ Ф -O A. Read the key words from the text and try to decide what the text is about. Television, family, TV programme, men, women, children, interest, watch. B. Read the text to see if you were right and give it a name. Can you imagine your life without television? Most of Russian families watch it. Some families keep the television turned on most of the time, even when they have meals or receive visitors. They can watch anything that is on including trashh They turn the television on first thing in the morning and forget to turn it off when they go to bed. These people get so used to TV watching that they feel depressed [di'prest] if the television is not working. Yet, in most families television is turned on for two or three hours a day. Young children are not recommended to watch TV for more than an hour a day. Nowadays there are TV programmes that serve the needs of any age groups and any interests! Men traditionally watch sports programmes and never miss important football matches. If they want to watch a film, they choose a comedy, a thriller or a crime film. Women may watch serials, comic series, pop-music concerts, romantic comedies and melodramas ['mel9,dra:m3z]. Both men and women watch the news, talk shows and quizzes. Those who have more developed tastes listen to classical music, watch plays and serious films. Some people prefer science programmes, political broadcasts and documentaries. Young people never miss a good musical programme or a popular comic series, some watch reality shows. Children watch cartoons, children’s educational programmes and bedtime stories. C Say which statements in the text you agree or disagree with. SFa- Speak about the role of television in your life. Mention: — how much time you spend in front of the television; — if you watch television for information, entertainment or both; — what programmes you prefer; — what programmes you hate; — if you can imagine your life without television. trash [traej] — cop, мусор; чушь, ерунда зд.: программа низкого качества А. Read the sentences and say how negations and general questions in present and past perfect passive are formed. Present Perfect Passive Past Perfect Passive — 1. The new project has not been finished yet. 2. The carpets have not been cleaned. 1. Ralf was sorry that the new project had not been finished yet. 2. Angela was not happy that the carpets had not been cleaned. 7 1. Has the problem been discussed yet? 2. Have the rooms been prepared for the visitors? 1. Had the problem been discussed by six? 2. Had the rooms been prepared by then? 25 •D B. Look at the pictures and say what has not been done yet. 2. Wash 'T f?l ffl 1. ) г ■■ ■ * 4. Draw 5. Build 6. Write DO IT OMYOUROWiy Write out of Exercise 4 the English for the following: 1) оставляют телевизор включённым; 2) во время еды; 3) включая всякую ерунду; 4) привыкают к тому, чтобы смотреть телевизор; 5) испытывают депрессию; 6) маленьким детям не рекомендуют смотреть телевизор; 7) удовлетворяют потребности всех возрастных групп и любые интересы; 8) никогда не пропускают важные футбольные матчи; 9) как мужчины, так 26 с и женщины; 10) те, у кого вкус лучше развит; 11) трансляции на полб ческие темы; 12) развивающие программы; 13) сказки на ночь. Complete the sentences with into, over, on, off, up and down. 1) Turn ... the page, the picture you are looking for is there. 2) Don’t turn sound ...: I’m trying to read. 3) The lights were turned .... It was rather darl the room. 4) His first novel was turned ... a television film. 5) My washing i chine is still on. Could you turn it... for me when it stops? 6) Turn ... the rad quick! My favourite programme is beginning. 7) He couldn’t sleep and tun ... in his bed. 8) Soon the ice in the fridge turned ... water. Write why it is so. Use present perfect passive. 1) Susan can’t buy any bread on her way home. Why? (The shops/close.) 2) Alice doesn’t want to watch this film. Why? (It/broadcast/many times.) 3) Steve is packing his travelling bags. Why? (He/offer/to take part in the s voyage.) 4) Gregory’s car looks nice and clean. Why? (It/wash.) 5) Mother is smiling. Why? (She/give/a wonderful birthday gift.) 6) The footballers are happy and excited. Why? (An important match/win.) 7) I’m sure I have her current address. Why? (It/send/to me/by Ann herself.’ 8) The dog is hungry. Why? (It/not give food since yesterday.) 9) The young men are excited. Why? (They/inform about their trip.) 10) Ann is a very knowledgeable student. Why? (She/read lots of books.) Find the sentences in which past perfect passive is used. Write them in the negative. 1) He said the room had been painted pink. 2) Wendy has always been admired by her brothers. 3) She knew she had been allowed to go there. 4) We saw that the baseball game had been finished. 5) Rose’s treasure box has been buried under the old oak. 6) The closing ceremony had been broadcast by nine o’clock. 7) A lot of books have been contributed to the new library. 8) She said the book had been devoted to her best friend. Step 5 DO IT TOGETHER Listen to two friends talking, (9), and complete the following statements. 1. Ron is .... a) planning to stay at home this evening b) not sure what he’ll do this evening c) planning something special for this evening 2. Jane watches .... a) only serials b) only serials and musical programmes c) the news 3) Ron .... a) doesn’t spend a lot of time watching TV b) watches the 7 o’clock news c) never misses a good comedy A. Read the sentences and say in which of them present perfect passive is used. Translate them into Russian. 1) An interesting comedy play has been shown on Channel 4. Have you seen it? 2) I have just listened to the local news. 3) The BBC has broadcast a series of documentaries about the animal world this month. 4) “The Seagull” by Anton Chekhov has been just performed by the Moscow Art Theatre. 5) Doris has been offered a hot, strong cup of coffee and a nice cake. 6) We have e-mailed to your current address. 7) Christmas candles have been lit up. It’s time to sit down to table. 8) A lot of new information on our project has been received. B. Read the sentences and say in which of them past perfect passive is used. Translate them Into Russian. 1) Just imagine! The kitchen has been painted bright yellow. 2) He said mother’s favourite glass vase had been broken. 3) John has always been respected. 4) I knew that John had always been respected. 5) The teacher added that the question had not been replied. 6) Julia agreed that she had been given sensible advice. 7) The sweets have been shared among all the children. 8) Ron explained that a lot of time had been wasted. Complete the text with the appropriate passive forms of the verbs in brackets. Check, ® (10). 27 П) T3 СЛ It is Saturday morning. Mr Robin Warren has just arrived home. He is talking to his butler Luke. He wants to know if everything is ready for the party. R. W.: Good morning, Luke! Do you think everything (do^ yet? L.: I am sure, sir. I know that the hall (decorate^), the flowers (buy^) and (put'*) in the vases. The tables (prepare'^) and extra chairs (bring®) in. Would you like to walk about the house and see it for yourself? R. W.: Yes, Luke, I think I would. What about the windows and the curtains? L.: The windows (clean^) and the curtains (wash®) and (hang^). The hall looks very impressive, indeed, especially when all the lamps (turn*®) on. 28 с R. W.: Yes, it looks good, I agree. But, Luke, how about the invitation cards? They (send“) to all the visitors? L.: Quite so, sir. By the way, I know you like to have live music, so some musicians (invite^^). I’m glad to inform you, sir, that their instruments just (un-pack^^) and they (put^'^) in the big sitting room at the moment. R. W.: Good, Luke, and the dishes? They all (cook^®)? . L.: Certainly, sir. Your favourite cake (finish^®) at the moment, and the tables (lay^^) a bit later. Read the text. Change the words on the right to complete it. Sometimes jazz concerts are broadcast on the radio and television. We (1) ... sure that you (2) ... about this type of music. It (3) ... in the United States when the (4) ... Africans (5) ... to North America. In those years many native songs (6)... by (7)... and the music of (8) ... homeland (9) ... on the new continent. Modern (10) ... write that jazz (11) ... up of the music of West Africa. be, hear appear one, bring sing, they they, play science, make A. Listen, ^ (11), and read. humiliate [hjur'miliait] — унижать instead (of) [in'sted] — вместо rude [ru:d] — грубый, невоспитанный shame [jeim] — стыд shoot [ju:t] — 1) стрелять; 2) снимать {фильм), фотографировать society [sa'saioti] — общество spoil [spoil] — 1) испортить 2) избаловать spy [spai] — шпионить threat [Gret] — опасность, угроза В. humiliate: to humiliate children, to feel humiliated. It’s very wrong to humiliate people. There’s no reason for you to feel humiliated. instead (of) (adv): I don’t like coffee, could I, please, have tea instead? You should be doing your room instead of watching television. rude: rude words, rude behaviour, a rude joke. His mother told him not to use rude words. It was very rude of her to leave without telling us. shame: without shame, a great shame, to feel (no) shame at something, to bring shame on someone. Sadly, Jake felt no shame at his behaviour. To their shame, they were wrong. The people who did it should hang their heads in shame, shoot (shot, shot): 1) to shoot at something (someone), to shoot someone dead. He shot at the bird, but missed it. (Compare: He shot the bird and killed^ it). We heard on the news that the famous politician had been shot. 2) to shoot a film, to shoot a picture. The film was shot in the Russian north. society: a modern society, today’s society, a multicultural society, an industrial society. Bad drivers are a danger to society. My grandmother enjoys the society of young people. ' to kill [kil] — убивать spoil: 1) to spoil the picture, to spoil the view. If it starts raining, it will spoil the whole fun. 2) to spoil a child. Stop saying “yes” all the time — you’re spoiling the girl. It’s Mother’s Day — let them spoil you a little! spy (spied, spied): to spy for somebody, to spy on somebody. I have a feeling that somebody is spying on me. threat: a threat of rain, a threat of war. All over the world people remember about the threat of terrorism. A. Complete the sentences with the new words in their appropriate forms. 1) I’m coming out with my hands up — don’t ... ! 2) His bad behaviour brought ... on the whole school. 3) It’s ... to tell someone that you don’t like them. 4) They were called good-for-nothing people and felt ... . 5) The food will ... if you don’t keep it in the fridge. 6) She ... on her new neighbours from behind her window curtains. 7) He didn’t like the ... of other people and preferred to be alone. 8) These children don’t take their father’s ... very seriously. B. Make up 3—5 true sentences with instead of. Example: I’d like (I prefer) to listen to music instead of singing myself. 29 a> ■D ui A. Listen to the dialogue, (12), then read it. Act it out. The Morrisons are spending a Sunday evening at home. Mrs Morrison: Tea is ready. Jim, please, turn on the telly. Come on everybody, sit down at table. Mr Morrison: Well, here we are. But wait a moment, Jim. Don’t turn the telly on yet before we know what we’re going to see. I’m just looking at the programmes. Jim: Dad, there is a good cowboy film on. Susie: Oh, no. We are not going to sit through the evening watching cowboys, my dear brother. Mr Morrison: Sue, stop talking like that, and Jim, you haven’t asked mum what programme she would like to see. Mrs Morrison: It’s true, Jim, isn’t it? I’m all for a good comedy. J i ni: While you’re talking about it we are missing the film. Mr Morrison: If you ask me, I would like to watch the football match that is on. Susie: Oh, dad, you know I hate football. Let’s see what is on and decide what we all would like to watch. 30 с :з Mrs Morrison: I agree with Sue. So, what’s on, dear? Mr Morrison: There’s a crime film starting in ten minutes and an opera on BBC 2. Jim: An opera... It sounds a bit too much for a Sunday evening. Susie: But it is a pop opera and quite modern, Jim. Mrs Morrison: What’s on BBC 1? Mr Morrison: “The Cry in the Night” with Benjamin Wilson in the main role. Susie: Put it on, Jim, if mum agrees. Mrs Morrison: I have always liked Benjamin Wilson as an actor. B. Make up your own dialogues between two friends choosing a programme to watch. Use some of the underlined phrases from Part A. Your friend is fond of watching sports programmes on TV. And you would like to watch a documentary about the future of our planet. Convince^ him/her to watch the programme with you. Explain: • how important it is to watch documentaries; • why the future of the Earth is a serious problem; • that documentaries are not shown as regularly as sports programmes. DO IT ON YOUR OWN Choose the right forms of the verbs to complete the sentences. 1) Some new documentaries (have/had) been lately shown on Channel Four. 2) Dick remembered that those short stories (have/had) been read on the radio by some popular actors. 3) When we entered the room, the television (has/had) been turned on and my parents were watching the news. 4) Thanks to television Walt Disney’s cartoons (have/had) been spread all over the world. 5) When I came to Troitsk last year, I visited the new library that (has/had) been built there. 6) The Harry Potter films (have/had) been broadcast in all European countries. 7) The teacher told us that those problems (have/had) never been discussed. 8) Very few new species of animals (have/had) been lately discovered. 9) Unfortunately our car (has/had) not been washed and we had to drive to town in the dirty car. 10) Alice said that all invitation cards (have/had) been written. Write the same in a different way. Use the passive voice. Example: We spend a lot of time on watching television. A lot of time is spent on watching television. 1) The managers are discussing their plans for the coming year in Room 30. 2) They have just given me some new information about the exams. 3) We shouldn’t discuss these problems now. 4) How many sets have the tennis players done yet? 5) These children have already seen hundreds of cartoons. 6) What are they broadcasting on Channel 4 at the moment? 7) We have made the plan and we won’t change it. 8) When I entered the sitting room, they were watching some quiz or a talk show. 9) We have already done the lessons. 10) The pupils have just completed the difficult task. to convince [kan'vms] — убеждать With what other words can you combine^ them? 1) to spoil: project,.... 2) to shoot: film, ... 3) to spy on: person, ..., ... Spell these words. 1) [spoil] 2) [hju:'milieit] 3) [Ju:t] 4) [Jeim] 5) [sa'saiati] 6) [0ret] 4) to humiliate: children, ..., 5) rude: reply, ..., ... 6) instead of: playing, ..., ... 7) [ru:d] 8) [in'sted] 9) [spai] 31 Step 6 DO IT TOGETHER Listen to a TV interview with an American film star. Match the questions below (a—e) with the star's answers (1—5), ф (13). a) What’s the best piece of advice anyone has ever given you? b) Are your partners rich? c) How did you become famous? d) Where do you and your family come from? e) Who is the most important person in your life? Look at the pictures and say what these people decided to do instead of other things. n> T3 Ф 1. Paul 2. Ann 3. Cathie 4. Robert 5. Alice 6. Tom and Maggie 7. Bob 8. Mrs Smith Example: Instead of staying at home Paul decided to go to the park. to combine [kam'bain] — соединять 32 с э You know the words in column A. What do the words in column В mean? Read the sentences to find out. to humiliate threat to spy shame rude B. humiliation to threaten a spy shameless rudeness [’ru:dn9s] 1) The final humiliation came after his death when we found out that he had never been an army general. 2) His behaviour was a real humiliation for the family. 3) The cruel uncle threatened to punish the little girl for what she hadn’t done. 4) Modern progress threatens the life of people on the Earth. 5) A spy is a person whose job is to find out secret information about another country, business or organization. 6) A member of his company was discovered to be a foreign spy. 7) Someone who is shameless doesn’t try to hide their bad behaviour. 8) The old lady didn’t like the shameless way in which the young girls talked, laughed and danced. 9) He used a lot of bad words while speaking and Emily was shocked at his rudeness. 10) Don’t put up with her rudeness. Repost what the broadcaster said in the nine o'clock news yesterday. Example: to send an expedition He said an expedition had been sent to the North Pole. 1) to break a new record 2) to perform a new play 3) to build a new hospital 4) to interview a well-known politician 5) to give a symphony orchestra concert 6) to make a speech to the government 7) to discover a new planet 8) to play the most important match of the season 9) to bring a collection of pictures to the country from Paris A. Read the text and say which of the following ideas cannot be found in it. 1) Television has to answer for a lot of problems in the society. 2) Grown-up programmes should not be shown at the time when children watch television. 3) Programmes showing crimes are not interesting to children. 4) Not all TV programmes are made in good taste. 5) The time of TV watching must be limited. 6) Advertising on TV is not a very good idea. Modern Television Lately television has been criticized for being a threat to the society as it shows too much sex and violence. There are too many war films and, even worse, too many stories about secret agents, criminals and the police, who shoot people as if^ they were rabbits. Naturally, a lot of people don’t want television to show sex, violence and cruelty. They say such programmes, if they have to be shown at all, should never be run at prime time, which is the most popular for watching television or any other time when children can see them. People also criticize bad-taste programmes where rude jokes are made, bad language is used or where people are made to fight over a sum of money forgetting all shame, or programmes spying on people at the most intimate [‘intimat] moments of their lives. Such programmes give examples of humiliation and bad taste. Some political TV programmes introduce the views and ideas of one group of people instead of speaking about different views. More than anything TV viewers dislike TV commercials^ that can spoil the impression of any programme. B. There may be some words in the text that are new to you. What are these words? What helped you to understand what they mean? C. Listen to the text again, (14), then read it aloud. 33 Ф ■o ' as if — как будто ^ a commercial [кэ'тз:|э1] = a TV or radio advertisement 34 с э Comment on some ideas of the text. Give your point of view. Give examples. 1) Modern television teaches people immorality. 2) There is too much violence and cruelty on television. 3) Young children often watch programmes that teach them wrong things. 4) There are a lot of bad-taste programmes on television. 5) Programmes in which people are made to fight over a sum of money humiliate them. 6) Programmes where people are spied on are immoral. 7) Television should not support any political groups. 8) Commercials don’t let people enjoy the programmes they watch. R лигг в английском языке слово police [pa'lirs] (полиция) имеет только множественное число и всегда употребляется с определённым артиклем. Поэтому мы говорим: The police are coming soon. The police are here, they have just arrived. Some of these sentences have mistakes. Correct them. 1) The police have helped us to get home in their car. 2) Police have caught the criminal. 3) The police was asked for help. 4) Would you like to join the police? 5) Call police! 6) The police is looking for the criminals. 7) Sometimes the police are late: when they arrive, the criminal has already left the scene of crime. 8) Somebody called the police and it came very fast. Imagine that it is Saturday night. You want to put your feet up i and watch television. Below you can read what British television shows. What will you choose and why? BBC 1. Film. Primary Colours (1998). Political satire, with John Travolta and Emma Thompson. BBC 2. BBC News and Weather. ITV 1. Documentary. The Crocodile Hunter Diaries. Channel 4. Film. Nutty Professor II (2000). Comedy, starring Eddie Murphy. Channel 5. Match of the Day: The FA^ Cup. DO IT OIU YOUR OWN Write out of the text "Modern Television" the English for the following phrases: 1) телевидение критикуют; 2) хуже того; 3) естественно; 4) если их вообще нужно показывать; 5) людей заставляют бороться за сумму денег; FA = Football Association I^A 6) наиболее сокровенные моменты; 7) пропагандируют взгляды и идеи; 8) реклама на телевидении. Fill in the missing words where necessary to complete the sentences. 1) You will spoil ... your younger brother if you let him do anything he wants. 2) Fascist ['fasjist] organizations are a threat... any society. 3) He felt that somebody had been spying ... him for some time. 4) Cruelty and violence must disappear ... the screen. 5) I can’t understand Alan’s cruelty ... his dog. We must speak ... him. 6) Let’s go to the cinema instead ... going to the circus. 7) The boy’s rude behaviour brought shame ... his family. 8) This man worked for the British government spying ... it. 9) Don’t humiliate ... people, it’s very rude. 10) The film-makers were criticized ... the scenes of violence and cruelty. Use the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences. 1)1 often ask him what to do and can say that his advice (be) always good and sensible. 2) Some important information just (arrive). 3) I think my cousin’s hair (be) very beautiful. 4) The latest news, he said, (be) very sad. 5) The money already (receive). We are rich again. 6) His knowledge of statistics (be) deep enough and he could use it in his new career. 7) A lot of progress (achieve) lately by our company. Get ready to speak about the programme you watched on television yesterday or the day before yesterday. Remember to say: • at what time and with whom you watched it; • what impression the programme produced on you; • who took part in the programme and what it was devoted to. о -о Step 7 DO IT TOGETHER You will hear five parents speaking about television and their children. Listen, (15), and match the statements below (a—f) with what the parents say (1—5). There is one statement you don't have to use. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a) My child has no time limit for watching television. b) My child prefers real events and activities to those shown on the screen. c) My child watches the programmes I choose. d) My child chose his career watching television. 36 е) Му child learns so many thing's watching television, f) My chiJd*s choice of TV programmes is under control. Comment on the si'tuati'on in the picture and say how television influences family life. ‘^WHen I want my children to hear me, I have to stand in front of the television.’ c D Word Building Для того чтобы образовать слова противоположного значения, в английском языке часто используются приставки с отрицательным значением. Наиболее часто употребляемые вы уже знаете: 1) ип-: uncertain, unbelievable, unclear, unpolluted; 2) dis-: disagree, disappear, dislike. Однако существует ещё целый ряд префиксов, придающих словам отрицательный смысл: поп-: non-stop (без остановки), nonsense (бессмыслица), non-standard (нестандартный), non-violence (неприменение силы для решения политических проблем); in-: inability (неспособность), inactive (неактивный); im- (перед словами, начинающимися с букв т, р, Ь): impossible (невозможный), immoral (аморальный); il- (перед словами, начинающимися с буквы 1): illegal (нелегальный), illiterate (необразованный); ir- (перед словами, начинающимися с буквы г): irregular (нерегулярный), irresponsible (безответственный). Complete the sentences. Use the derivatives of the words on the right. 1) It is ... to work on the computer all day .... 2) ...s say that children ... often copy what they seen on television or find in the Internet. 3) I don’t think that... and aggression can ... from the TV screens, as they are part of our life. 4) I can’t stand his ... to behave himself. 5) Such actions are ... and .... 6) He is always ... and ... to make a decision. possible, stop special, fortunately violent, appear ability legal, moral active, able A. Listen, (16), read and match the words with the pictures. a) a disk b) a monitor c) a mouse d) a keyboard e) a laptop (notebook) f) a printer g) a mouse pad (mouse mat) h) a Xerox i) a flash drive (pen drive) j) a scanner 2. 3. 37 /о *о В. Learn some more computer words, (17). global network — глобальная сеть e-mail (message) ['mesi(^] — сообщение на (по) электронной почте information security [si'kjuarati] — информационная безопасность to be online — быть подключённым к компьютерной сети to surf the Internet — искать информацию в Интернете to find and save data ['delta] — находить и сохранять сведения to create [kri'eit] a programme — создавать программу to crack a programme — взламывать программу to navigate the Internet — искать информацию в интернете to exchange information — обмениваться информацией on the Internet — в Интернете A. Read the text and answer the question it asks. The Newest Media The Internet, a global computer network, helps people to communicate [ka'mjumikeit] with each other. Its history began in the United States in 1969 when it was designed for the army. The idea was that information which is sent over the Internet takes the shortest and the safest way from one computer to another, so any two computers on the net are to exchange information. Nowadays the Internet has entered our everyday life. Millions of people have become its regular users and their number is growing. The most popular Internet service is e-mail. A lot of people use the network only to send and receive 38 с D e-mail messages. There are some other popular services as well, for example, reading the news. A commercial use of the net is also growing. However, there are problems and the most important of them seems to be security. When you send an e-mail, your message can travel through many different networks and computers. It is possible to get into any of them, use or even change the data. A lot of programmes are cracked. Another big and serious problem of the net is control. There is so much information travelling through the net that it has become impossible to control it. Scientists all over the world are working on it and in the future the situation [,sitju'eijn] may change, but at the moment we have what we have: some of the information the network offers may be unwanted or even dangerous for the society. One thing is clear — the Internet has changed our life greatly, but is it for the better or for the worse? B. Speak about how you use the Internet or would like to use it. 1. Обратите внимание на особенности использования слова data (данные, часто компьютерные или статистические). Хотя существительное data по сути является формой множественного числа от латинского заимствования datum (данное), в наши дни в повседневном общении многие используют его как неисчисляемое существительное. Поэтому возможно сочетание единицы data с глаголом как во множественном, так и в единственном числе: These data are very important. This data is very important. Употребление глагола во множественном числе более языка науки. 2. Существительное media ['mi:di9] является формой числа латинского заимствования medium ['mi:diam] — средство, способ. Однако возможно образовать множественное число этого слова и обычным способом при помощи окончания -s: а medium — mediums. Глаголы согласуются с той или иной формой существительного по общим или известным вам правилам: Radio is а medium of communication. Theatre, cinema, television and the Internet are all media/mediums that form public opinion. характерно для множественного Complete the sentences. Use some computer words. 1) A small computer that you can carry with you is a ... . 2) A small object that you move to do things on a computer screen is a ... . 3) A piece of equipment used for putting information into a computer is a .... 4) Another name for a computer screen is a .... 5) A piece of information that you send by e-mail is a ... . 6) Information in a form that a computer can use is ... . 7) To break into a computer programme to get some information means to ... it. 8) To make something new or original that people did not know before means to ... it. 9) To be connected to a computer system means to be on ... . 10) Another name for the global network is the ... . 11) To make a computer keep information that you have put into it means to ... information. Social English При общении друг с другом может возникнуть необходимость поправить собеседника, высказать свою точку зрения, предоставить иную информацию. Очень важно делать это тактично, не обижая того, с кем говоришь. В английском языке это особенно принято. Вот несколько примеров того, как можно вежливо поправить собеседника: Yes, but... Sorry to correct you, but... Not exactly (He совсем так). It's not quite as I see it. I think... Forgive me if I keep correcting you, but... (Простите, если поправляю вас, но...) В разговоре с ровесниками в неформальной обстановке допустимы и более прямолинейные высказывания, например: I'm afraid you're mistaken. I'm sure you're wrong. You're quite wrong, you know... Quite the other way round... (Наоборот) On the contrary ['kontrarij... (Напротив) Work in pairs. Make guesses’ about other pupils. If the guess is wrong, correct your partner. — My guess is that you watch TV all day long. — I should think your favourite TV programme is “The Animal World”. — I’m almost sure you’ve never come close to a computer. Read the dialogue, act it out and then make a similar one. A: In my opinion, there’s absolutely nothing to watch on television nowadays. B: No, I’m sure you’re wrong. Personally I watch TV quite a lot. A: You must be joking! They show nothing but stupid old films and soap operas. B: Not exactly. Only yesterday I watched a very interesting documentary about the climate changes. A: It may be interesting for you, but most people just don’t watch such stuffs B: Forgive me if I keep correcting you but I have some friends who like the same programmes as I do. DO IT 01У YOUR OWN Шш Complete the text. Use the derivatives of the words on the right. In some families children surf the Internet for several hours. Many parents (1) ... this (2) ... work on the computer. They think that some computer sites can show too much (3)... and (4)... . They also (5)... to let their sons and daughters spend a lot of time before monitors because young people become (6) ... , not sporty and even physically (7) ... . Some parents say they want to control the (8) ... their children get which is often (9) ... ‘ make guesses ['gesiz] — угадай, догадайся - such stuff [st/vf] — зд.: такие вещи like, stop violent, aggressive, fit agree active inform possible 40 с D A. Write these in English. 1) Сообщение по/на электронной почте; 2) обмениваться информацией; 3) искать информацию в интернете; 4) взламывать интернет-программы; 5) быть подключённым к интернету; 6) принтер и сканер; 7) коврик для мыши; 8) новая клавиатура для компьютера. B. Write your own sentences with these words and word combinations. A. Complete the dialogue with the phrases that help the speakers to correct each other. Write them down. A: Well, well, well! So they lost, didn’t they? B: Who? What are you talking about? A: Your favourite football team, the Riders. The score was 3 : 1 (three to one). Didn’t you watch television yesterday? B: No, I didn’t and .... I don’t support the Riders. A: But you said only yesterday that you were their fan. B: ...I have always supported the Rangers. A:. Have you? Oh, but anyway it’s a pity you missed yesterday’s match. I thought you watched all the important games. B: ...I never watch football on television. If I want to see a match, I go to the stadium. A: Oh, I know. You’re just like Peter. The two of you go to the stadium together, don’t you? B: ... we don’t. I go there with my friend Steve. He supports the Rangers too. A: Steve? He doesn’t like football. Steve prefers basketball. B: ... he doesn’t. Everybody knows that he never misses a good football match. B. Get ready to act the dialogue out in class. Think of five reasons why people use computers and write them down. First of all... Then... Secondly... And finally... Thirdly... Step 8 DO IT TOGETHER Read the text and answer the questions after it. Writing Letters Everybody likes to receive a letter or an e-mail from a friend. A letter tells you that someone was thinking about you. Unlike a telephone call, you can keep a letter and read it again and again. You need to write letters too. Sometimes you want to write a letter to a friend. Sometimes you need to write a thank-you note or an invitation. Sometimes you have to write a business letter to get or to give some information. First you will learn to write informal letters and do it correctly. You may soon enjoy writing letters as much as you enjoy receiving them. You usually write informal letters to family members and friends. You may think that nowadays fewer and fewer people write letters using pen and paper. It is true that e-mail has partly replaced the traditional letter. Sending e-mails is fast and not so expensive, which makes it popular. However, an e-mail looks very much like a letter: it has more or less the same parts and the reason for writing it is very much the same — you write letters and e-mails to exchange news or just to say hello. Besides, in some situations a traditional letter may be preferable because it is warmer and more personal. Questions: 1) How often do you write traditional pen-and-paper letters? To whom do you write them? 2) Are your letters well planned or spontaneous? How long does it usually take you to write a letter? 3) Do you find letter writing easy or difficult? 4) Why, do you think, people say that there is an art of writing letters? 5) Do you ever write e-mails? With whom do you exchange them and how often? 6) What kind of information do you usually give in your messages? 7) Do letters and e-mail messages help you to keep in touch^ with your friends and family? 8) Do you think traditional letters will disappear all together in the future? How soon will it happen if it does? Will you be sorry if people stop writing traditional letters? Read the letter and match its parts (1—5) with their names (a—e). 1) St Petersburg Russia S^tember 20, 2012 2) Dear Ann, 3) I hav^great news! My^qrents have bought a cornputer. That's really wonderful. Now we can chatl online with each other via^ J’he Internet or I can send you e-mails every day. I say there are so many advantages if you have a computer and the Inter-net. Now I can find the informatiоn I need about anything within a short time. I'm going to create my own homepage and tell other users about my interests, about what I want. That's no problem at all. Write soon. Let me know how you are doing. 4) Best wishes 5) Your friend, Julia a) Body b) Closing c) Greeting d) Heading e) Name ' to keep in touch [tA^] — поддерживать связи, отношения - to chat [^aet] — беседовать, болтать ^ via [Vaia] — при помопди, через 42 V,-. с и ta bane Запомните несколько правил, которые следует соблюдать, когда вы пишете письма. 1. Начало письма (Heading), в котором сообщается, где и когда оно было написано, находится в правом верхнем углу и обычно располагается на трёх строчках: первая — название города; вторая — название страны; третья — дата, причём сначала указывается месяц и число, а затем через запятую — год. Samara London Russia UK October 19, 2012 March 3, 2013 2. Обращение к адресату всегда пишется с левой стороны, с начала строки без абзаца. Первое слово обращения и все имена собственные пишутся с заглавной буквы, так же как и слова Mrs, Mr, Miss, Ms, Dr. После обращения всегда ставится запятая. Вот несколько типичных обращений: Dear Ann, Hi, Boris, Dear Mr Show, Hello, Sue, 3. Сам текст письма (Body) начинается там, где заканчивается обращение, только строкой ниже, обычно прямо под запятой предыдущей строки. Первое предложение начинается с заглавной буквы и является по сути выражением благодарности за полученное письмо (сообщение). Возможные варианты: Thank you (Thanks) for your letter (e-mail). It's been great to hear from you. Many thanks for the letter (e-mail). I've just received your letter (e-mail). Thank you very much. Your letter (e-mail) has been a pleasant surprise. Thanks a lot. I hope you're well. В первом же абзаце следуют ответы на те вопросы, которые содержались в полученном письме или электронном сообщении. Их можно ввести в своё послание при помощи фраз: You are asking me about... You would like to know... Второй абзац основного текста письма содержит просьбу продолжать переписку. Естественно, что абзац начинается с красной строки. Обычно в него включают следующие фразы: Keep in touch. Looking forward to your answer. Write (back) soon. Say hello to your family from me. Hope to hear from you soon. I have to go now. I have to do my homework now. Иногда после вышеперечисленных фраз могут следовать предложения: Write to me how you are doing. Write to me how's life. 4. Завершающие письмо фразы (Closing) весьма разнообразны: Good luck! Best wishes. All the best. Take care. With love. Love, Missing you. Your friend. Lovingly, Yours, Always yours. Sincerely, Sincerely yours. (Последние четыре являются более формальными.) Эти фразы обычно располагаются справа, на отдельной строке. После них ставится запятая. 5. То, какую подпись вы ставите в конце письма, зависит от того, насколько близко вы знаете адресата. Если вы хорошо с ним знакомы, письмо заканчивается именем или даже прозвищем, если нет — следует написать имя и фамилию. Располагается подпись непосредственно под завершающей фразой. 6. Не забудьте сосчитать количество слов в своём письме. Согласно требованиям ОГЭ (SFA), их должно быть 100—120. При этом помните, что если объем письма менее 90 слов, то задание оценивается в 0 баллов. При подсчёте слов адрес и дата учитываются. В расчёт принимаются все слова: артикли, предлоги, частицы, числительные. Сокращённые формы (don't, that's, we're, hasn't etc), сложные слова, которые пишутся через дефис (ready-made), числительные, выраженные цифрами (49, 2012), считаются как одно слово. 43 Write the following headings correctly. 1. Leeds UK September 5, 2007 2. London UK January 11,2006 3. Russia 31 August 2012 St Petersburg fD T3 00 4. 2013 November 5 USA Boston 5. Perth Australia December 15, 2010 6. 7 April 2011 Russia Rostov A. Write the greetings correctly. 1) dear uncle tony 2) dear grandmother 3) dear dr mason 4) dear hazel 5) hi, bruce 6) hi Sue 7) hello mum 8) hello dear 9) my dear Alice 10) hi George B. Write the final parts of these letters correctly. 1) sincerely Julia 6) lots of love. Jane 2) always yours Victor 7) Best wishes. Rita 3) Love Sofia 8) Alec, with love 4) your friend Kelly 9) all the best Richard 5) take care. Rose 10) missing you. Kate Read a part of your pen friend's letter. Write the main body of your own letter to him (her) in two paragraphs. Answer your friend's questions. ...I hope you're enjoying your holidays. What do you do in your free time? Do you go out with your family or friends? Do you do any sports or playgames? I spend a lot of time playing basketball for my school. It's great fun!... 44 с Write an answer to your pen friend's letter. Answer his (her) questions. The number of words in your letter should be 100—120. ...This school year I began doing French. To be honest, I find it quite difficult, espe-cially the grammar part — it is so different from English! Are you learning any foreign languages besides English? How do you like language learning? How are you planning to use foreign language In the future?... DO IT ОП1 YOUR OWIU Write a list of 10—15 questions you would like to ask your pen friend about the role of mass media In his (her) life. Example: Do you ever listen to the radio? Read a part of your pen friend's letter. Answer his (her) letter. The number of words in your letter should be 100—120. ...Our school trip to Russia Is planned for Тапиш^ We are going to stay in 5t Petersburg for 2 days. Do you think well have enough time to see the most important places? What places, do you think, we should see first? What museum in St Petersburg will you recommend to visit?... Read the letter. Correct the mistakes in all its parts and rewrite the letter according to the rules. UK London S^^bruary, 2010 Dear Jane 6uess what! I have some wonderful news! Last night mom had twins, a boy and a girl! All summer I dreamed of a baby sister and Tom wanted a brother. We never thought we'd both be so lucky. Can you imagine what fun we'll have with two babjes in the house? I think well haye^ lot of problems too as they wil| keep mom pretty busy. Tom and I are ready to help her Do you have anyJ)r^ther^s or sisters? How big are they? Are they twins? Are you good friends? Love, Carol step 9 Revision and Extension DO IT TOGETHER Listen to the dialogue of two friends, (18). Complete the sentences (1—4) choosing the appropriate endings. 1. Yesterday night Betty .... a) looked sleepy b) couldn’t fall asleep^ c) didn’t go to bed before midnight 2. Alice.... a) practically never plays computer games b) prefers to play computer games on vacation c) is very good at playing computer games 3. Betty thinks that.... a) Alice is very sensible about playing computer games b) Alice should spend more time on computer games c) she must play computer games as much as Alice does 4. Alice explains that she .... a) thinks that surfing the Internet can be fun b) is fond of surfing the Internet c) thinks surfing the Internet is a waste of time. Choose the appropriate forms of the words to complete the sentences. 1) The situation was becoming dangerous and the police (was/were) called. 2) Have you listened to (a/the) news today? 3) She turned (on/off) the shower and the water stopped running. 4) She lay sleepless in her bed turning (over/ down) now and then. 5) The news (is/are) good and (it/they) (has/have) come just in time. 6) She lives on the money that (is/are) given to her by her parents. 7) The advice (was/were) good but John couldn’t follow (it/them). 8) The information (has/have) arrived. (It/They) (is/are) absolutely useless. 9) What have you done to your hair? Why (is/are) (it/they) purple? 10) His knowledge (is/ are) deep enough. He will be able to do the test. 11) You will never be able to turn this metal (in/into) gold. Use the verbs in the appropriate passive forms. 1) I hate it when too many commercials (show) on television. 2) They say a new film (shoot) by our famous director now. I hope it will be very successful. 3) Everybody knew about it as the information (give) in the Evening News. 4) They can’t (threaten): they are not afraid of anything. 5) The e-mail message just (send), you’ll get it in a second. 6) James Bond felt that he (spy) on. It was a very unusual feeling for the secret agent. 7) Joe told us the school pantomime (spoil) because one of the young actors had forgotten the words. 8) Political 45 T3 to fall asleep [a'sliip] — засыпать 46 с D problems (often discuss) on television. 9) Some money can (save) by using less water, gas and electricity. 10) Yesterday at about 10 o’clock she was at home because her favourite comedy (broadcast). 11) Every time they met some kind words and smiles (exchange). 12) A new site for our school (create) now. It will soon be ready. Match the words and complete the sentences with the word combinations. 1) computer 2) current 3) advertise 4) shameless 5) save 6) important 7) multicultural 8) global 9) feel 10) shoot 11) security 12) mass a) behaviour b) data c) humiliated d) new plays e) network f) keyboard g) media h) society i) dead j) service k) time l) events 1) We live in a ... which includes people of different nationalities. 2) All this time he has been telling me lies and he isn’t even sorry about his ... . 3) Online shopping can help you to ...; you may find it very useful. 4) I found this ... on one of the Internet sites. 5)... is a government organization whose work is very important for the country. 6) The ... helps people to communicate with each other. 7) I don’t want to ... animals ... , I’ve never liked the idea. 8) Radio, television and newspapers are traditionally included into ... . 9) More and more people learn about the ... from the Internet preferring it to TV or newspapers. 10) They don’t often ... on television. 11) I’m surprised Steve doesn’t ... after he lost his job. 12) There are only Latin letters on this .... Read the texts (1—4) and match them with the statements (a-ment you don't have to use. i). There is one state- a) This person thinks the network can teach while entertaining. b) This person thinks the network helps people to communicate. c) This person thinks the network can be helpful in some special situations. d) This person thinks that surfing the Internet is the best possible pastime. e) This person thinks using the network can help in business. 1. What is good about the Internet is that you can use it at home or at work. People like this media because it gives them information about all kinds of things. Here you can find anything you want and it doesn’t take a lot of time. Some people put their own information on the net. Everyone can create a homepage of their own and tell other users about their interests or their plans. 2. The computer is an important part of any modern office. Companies advertise their goods and services on the Internet. Many universities are able to exchange information about their work and often start new projects together. It helps them to save time and money and helps their development too. 3. By playing over the Internet children learn to use it. They learn to write on the keyboard, to navigate, to open and close programmes, to save data. All these things can be learned easily when you’re young and used in the future. 4. A lot of women have to stay at home to look after their children. Nowadays it won’t be a problem anymore: you can work on your computer from home. Some men also take this opportunity. The Internet is great help to disabled people. They can find a job, do online shopping, and chat on line with their friends. Work in pairs or in small groups. Read the list of disadvantages the Internet has. Discuss them and decide which are the most dangerous. Tell the others about your decision and explain it. • You are never safe from meeting bad people on the Internet. There is a lot of harmful information as well. • A lot of people lie about themselves on the Internet, you can never be sure about the information they give. • Your personal information can be read by someone and used against you. • Some people get so used to surfing the net that they have no real life. If something happens to their computers, it’s like the end of the world for them. • The computer can make us helpless: it finds information for us, counts for us, corrects our spelling mistakes, helps us with shopping etc. We may soon stop thinking all together. • People who don’t have computers feel like outsiders, as they don’t belong to the Internet community. • The computer may replace books which teach us to think and to speak correctly. • Children sitting too long in front of the computer don’t learn the necessary social behaviour. • Other. Work in pairs. You need your friend's advice about buying a computer. Ask him/her about: • the possibilities of the computer; • its advantages over other kinds of mass media; • the possible price of a computer; • where to buy it and what kind to choose. You begin the conversation. Remember to: • be active and polite; • ask questions and find out the information you need; • decide if you will finally buy a computer. Listen, (19), and read the text and say which of the computer words mentioned in it you personally use. Computer Language If you want to understand the computer language, you should know common computer words. Luckily, most of them are easy to learn. First of all many of them have practically the same form in Russian: computer, menu, virus [Vaioras]. Secondly, a lot 47 Ф TJ iO 48 of them are very colourful and user-friendly^ as they are often created with the help of comparison: a mouse, memory, icon ['aikon], snail mail = traditional mail. Thirdly, most computer words are shortened: B4: before; GR8: great; BTW: by the way; LOL: lots of love; FYI: for your information; OTOH: on the other hand (c другой стороны). DO IT ОМ YOUR OWN Spell these words. 3 1) ['ruidnas] 4) [0ret] 7) ['brD:dka:st] r-f 2) [хк'з^етф] 5) [in'sted] 8) [di'skAs] тЛ 3) [S9'sai9ti] 6) ['aedv9taiz] 9) ['sitizin] 10) ['клг9п1] Choose the appropriate replies to the following phrases. 1) There are some people who are afraid of the computer. a) Fairly good. b) Are there? I’ve never met them. c) Quite the other way round. 2) Newspapers are losing their popularity in the modern society. a) You’re welcome. b) Ouch! c) Not exactly. 3) Do you think the Internet is going to replace television? a) You’re quite wrong, you know. b) I’m positive about it. c) Mmmm... 4) Everybody watches reality shows nowadays. a) Sorry to correct you, but nobody I know does. b) Sorry, are you telling the truth? c) Forgive me, but you’re not telling the truth. Nobody does. 5) The Internet is a real threat to the society. a) Great! b) I’ve never seen it. c) It’s not quite as I see it. Write an answer to your pen friend's letter. Answer his/her questions. The number of words in your letter should be 100—120. I think that at the moment ITl is my favourite suyect^ at schooL lY^already learned to do a lot of things working with different computer programmes. Do you haye^T in your school? Do you like it? What are your favourite school subjects?"... ' user-friendly [ju:za'frendli] — удобный ^ IT = Information Technology Revise the words for Test 1. ■D Ф Adaptation, advertise, broadcast, channel, citizen, commercial, communicate, create, current, data, discuss, discussion, e-mail, exactly, exchange, flash drive (pen drive), forgive (forgave — forgiven), humiliate, humiliation, immoral, impossible, inability, inactive, instead, irregular, irresponsible, laptop, main, mass media, message, monitor, mouse, mouse pad/mat, navigate. Net, network, news, non-stop, notebook, on-line (online), police, printer, rude, rudeness, save, scanner, security, serial, series, serve, service, shame, shameless, shoot (shot), site, society, stuff, system, threat, threaten. Xerox; to turn down, to turn into, to turn on, to turn off, to turn over, to turn up. 49 Ф ■Q Step 10 TEST YOURSELF I. LISTENING You'll hear five pe^le speaking about the ways they learn the news and get information. Listen, ^ (20), and match the statements (1—6) with what the people say (a—e). There is one statement you don't have to use. 1) The speaker explains that he uses only the Internet to find the necessary information. 2) The speaker prefers to listen to the radio to know the latest news. 3) The speaker says that the news is of no great importance to him. 4) The speaker says that not all the data on the Internet is correct. 5) The speaker prefers to watch television to know what’s going on. 6) The speaker explains he tries to get the current news from all the media possible. Maximum result 5 Your result ? II. READING Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f). 50 c 3 a) to surf through the net; b) which is going to be the main medium of the future; c) or meet people online; d) are active users of the Net; e) to live in the real world; f) put their children in front of a computer. Children and Computers Nowadays it has become clear that the Internet may have a bad influence on our daily life because it changes people’s social behaviour, especially the social behaviour of children. In our times, when a lot of families have computers and (1)..., children should certainly learn how to do it. They should know how to get information, how they can buy something (2) ... . If they don’t learn to use the Internet when they are young, they will have great difficulties later. The reason is that the Internet is a very powerful medium (3).... Meanwhile, there is a certain danger in the Internet. Children easily become its competent users, but they don’t know how (4) ... any longer. The Internet will never replace real life, real friends, real communication and children should be told about it. Parents should not just (5) ... and say “Oh well, that’s the Internet, go on, have some fun and be quiet.” The Internet was not made for children and so it should not be used as a babysitter. There is so much harmful material on the Internet, that children should not be allowed (6)... all by themselves. Absolutely the same can be said about television, which also has a tendency to replace real life. I believe that people who watch too much television, forget how to be members of a social community. Maximum result 6 Your result ? III. USE OF ENGLISH Choose the appropriate words or forms to complete the sentences. 1) Do you have any idea why the police (is/are) here? Has anything happened? 2) I tried not to think about what (has/had) been done the day before. 3) Please don’t turn the television (up/down): it’s my favourite piece of music. 4) She was busy at that moment and did not hear what (had been discussed/was being discussed) in the talk show. 5) Don’t be afraid to keep your money in this bank. (It/They) will be safe here. 6) They are showing a new (serial/series) of programmes about the animal world. 7) Nobody knows what the film is like, it (was not/has not been) shot yet. 8) Mass media (is/are) very important in the life of every social community. 9) In my view it is (im-/in-)possible to spend all your free time in front of the TV or the computer. 10) I felt I was being spied (on/for) and I became frightened. Maximum result 10 Your result ? Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. The Internet changed our life a lot and the (1) ... of this medium is quite clear. To spend a part of the day on the Internet is for many people quite typical. They (2) ... use this medium to get (3) ... about all kinds of things. (4) ... some of them like surfing the Net (5) ... , others would like to have some Internet (6)... , for example, they may prefer to do online shopping. 51 important usual, inform probable stop serve o> T3 Maximum result 6 Your result ? IV. SPEAKING Speak about how the Internet and television can be used for education. Mention: • how they are used in schools; • how they can be used for self-education outside school; • how you use or would like to use these two forms of mass media. Maximum result 10 Your result ? V- WRITING Write these in English. 1) Клавиатура компьютера; 2) без остановки; 3) портативный компьютер; 4) невозможное решение; 5) средства массовой информации; 6) унижение и стыд; 7) шпионить за кем-то в интересах какой-то страны; 8) грубый ответ; 9) угрожать моей жизни; 10) текущие новости. Maximum result 10 Your result ? Count your results. Total result Tasks 1—6 47 55 Personal letter (Step 9, Ex. 8) 8 Your total result Tasks 1—6 ? ? Personal letter (Step 9, Ex. 8) ? 52 c DO IT ОП1 YOUR OWni Do Project Work 1. Complete a page in your English Album. Write about how television and computers can be used in language learning. Illustrate your story with pictures. Don't forget to think of an outline for your story before you write it. Ask your family and/or friends to help you if necessary. The Printed^ Page: Books, Magazines, Newspapers Ф ■D Step 1 DO IT TOGETHER A. Listen to the song, ф (21), and sing it along. Blowing in the Wind How many roads must a man walk down Before they call him the man? How many seas must a white dove [dAv] sail Before she sleeps in the sand? How many times must the cannonball fly Before they are forever banned? The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind The answer is blowing in the wind. (2 times) How many years can a mountain exist [ig'zist] Before it is washed to the sea? How many years can some people exist Before they are allowed to be free? How many times can a man turn his head Pretending he just doesn’t see? The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind The answer is blowing in the wind. (2 times) How many times must a man look up Before he can see the sky? How many ears must one man have Before he can hear people cry? How many deaths will it take ’till he knows that too many people have died? The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind The answer is blowing in the wind. (2 times) B. Say what the message of the song is. называть голубка пушечное ядро суш;ествовать притворяясь printed ['printid] — печатный, напечатанный типографским способом 54 с 3 r+ KJ л. Try to read the e-mail that Carolyn has just sent to her friends who are on a journey in China. The list of words below can help you. Hi al! how is yr trip? my frnds and me r very by her. dey all send thr Iv to u. wot r your plans for the rest of the holidays? rite asap, please, cu soon. Yr Carolyn List of Weblish^ Words asap = as soon as possible by = busy c = seen cu = see you d = the dey = they frnds = friends her = here Iv =love r = are/our rite = write thr = their u = you ur = our wot = what yr = your(s) B. Work in pairs and discuss Weblish. Find out: • if this language is useful; • in what situations and why people use it; • if you think it is good to use Weblish; • if there are any disadvantages for those who use it; • if there is a possibility to forget or to spoil classical English if you use Weblish too much. Answer the questions. 1) Do you like reading books? 2) Who are your favourite writers? 3) How large is your home library? 4) Do you borrow books from your friends or from the local (school) library? 5) How does reading books help you in your life? 6) Do you or your family read newspapers and/or magazines? Which ones? 7) What kind of information can people get from newspapers and magazines? 8) Is reading popular with young people nowadays? Is the interest in reading growing or becoming smaller? A. Listen, (22), and read, author ['э:0э] — автор cheerful ['tj^iofl] — весёлый, бодрый, неунываюш;ий fail [fed] — потерпеть неудачу fascinating ['faesineitii]] — захватываюш;ий, восхитительный, пленительный rarely [’геэИ] — редко source [sd:s] — источник strange [streincfe] — 1) странный; 2) незнакомый whisper ['wispa] — In шепот; 2 v шептать ‘ Weblish — язык сокращений, который используется говорящими на английском языке в текстах электронных и СМС сообщений. в. author: а children’s author, a famous author. What English authors do you know? Chekhov is one of my favourite authors. cheerful: a cheerful person, a cheerful smile. Stephen was such a cheerful child. The children were singing a cheerful song I hadn’t heard before, fail: to fail to do something, to fail an exam. Some people who try to lose weight fail. They have failed to find the information they wanted. fascinating: a fascinating book, a truly fascinating country. It will be fascinating to see the final match. I find my new friend absolutely fascinating, rarely: to do something rarely. My mother very rarely wears jeans. This music is rarely played at concerts. source: a sources of information, a source of light, a power source. Scientists are trying to find new sources of energy. The only light source was the bright moon in the night sky. strange: 1) a strange place, a strange person. What’s that strange noise? 2) The name sounds strange to me. I’ve never heard it before. whisper v: to whisper something to somebody. “That’s Tim,” she“whispered in my ear. whisper n: to say something in a whisper or in whispers. The two men began talking in whispers. We heard nothing but the whisper of wind in the trees. 55 Ф ■D A. Say what you never, rarely, sometimes or often fail to do. You can get some ideas from the pictures. 4. 8. в. Say who are the authors of these books. Example: Alexander Pushkin is the author of Dubrovsky. Alexander Pushkin, Feodor Dostoyevsky, Lewis Carroll, Charles Dickens, Mikhail Bulgakov, Mark Twain, Jack London, Daniel Defoe 56 c 3 NJ A. Say which of these can or cannot be strange, cheerful, fascinating. Example: Clowns can be cheerful, fascinating and strange. Diseases can be strange but they can’t be cheerful or fascinating. 1) people; 2) death; 3) books; 4) clothes; 5) dreams; 6) business; 7) diseases; 8) pain; 9) addresses; 10) music. B. Say in what situations people usually speak in a whisper. Example: People usually speak in a whisper when somebody nearby^ is sleeping. • Вы уже знаете многие слова, при помощи которых можно описать процесс говорения; say, tell, speak, chat, answer, reply, explain, add. • Обратите внимание на слова, которые также входят в эту группу и несут информацию о громкости высказывания и/или его ясности (или их отсутствии): in а loud way • cry • shout • scream in a quiet way mumble (not clearly) murmur (very quietly) whisper (hardly possible to hear) nearby — поблизости, рядом A. Read Nota Bene above attentively to understand what the difference between the verbs in the table is and complete the sentences below using all the words from the table. Variants are possible. 1) The teacher, who never ... quietly to children but ..., began to walk slowly along the rows of desks. 2) When the child was ... what his name was, he ... something which I couldn’t hear. 3) The pain in the leg was so strong that the patient ... . 4) In my childhood my parents never ... at me, never ... at the top of their voices but they didn’t ... either. Their speech was always clear and loud enough. 5) My friend and me like to ... online. 6) When we don’t understand any rule, our teacher ... it to us. 7) “Colin’s answer is very good. But maybe some of you can ... anything?”... the professor. Nobody ... . 8) Why are you ... ? Nobody is sleeping here. 9) Don’t ... me what she ... about our project. 10) Never ... at little children. B. Think and say how you can translate the verbs scream, mumble, murmur, whisper. Look the words up in a dictionary and check. 57 n ■O A. Read the key words from the text and try to guess what it is about. Key words: special world, whispering voices, culture and wisdom, the sound of turning pages, place of quietness, the kingdom of the printed word, enjoy myself. B. Read the text to see if your guess is right. Readers’ Letter' I am no longer young but I still remember happy Saturday mornings I spent in the library when I was a child. In libraries I felt cheerful and peaceful. The library was my special world in which I loved everything — the smell of the books, the whispering voices of the readers and the librarians [lai'breanonz], the sound of turning pages. As I grew up, libraries became more and more workplace for me, at school and university. But there were other times when I went to the library just because I felt lonely or depressed [di'prest]. When I was alone in strange towns, I never failed to find the local library and enjoyed myself spending one or two hours there. ' A lot of newspapers and magazines have a section “Readers’ Letters” to which readers can write and share their ideas. 58 с r*f ю For me libraries have always been places of quietness, culture and wisdom, the kingdom of the printed word. Our children need to learn from babyhood to feel at home in libraries. At the same time they should look at them as very special places where they can enter a new fascinating world. C. Read the letter again and say which of the following ideas cannot be found in it. 1) The reader loves and has always loved libraries. 2) The reader was first taken to the library by his or her parents. 3) The reader used libraries for his or her studies. 4) The atmosphere ['aetmasfia] of the library never fails to make the reader feel more cheerful. 5) The reader thinks that nowadays children don’t go to the library so often as they did before. 6) The reader believes that a library is the right place for children to go. DO IT OIU YOUR OWN Remember the text Readers' Letter and complete these sentences. Then read through the text and check. 1) In the letter the Reader describes ... Saturday mornings spent in the library. 2) In libraries the Reader felt... and .... 3) Libraries were the Reader’s ... world. 4) The Reader remembers the ... voices of the readers and the librarians and the sound of... pages. 5) Later the Reader sometimes went to the library because he/she was ... and depressed. 6) For the Reader libraries have always been places of ..., culture and ..., the kingdom of the ... word. Spell the words. 1) ['faesineitin] 2) ['геэИ] 3) ['wispa] 4) [fell] 5) ['тлтЬ1] 6) ['э:0э] 7) [skri:m] 8) ['тз:тэ] 9) [’Ijiafl] 10) [streinck] 11) [so:s] Complete the sentences using the words from the box. author, cheerful, failed, fascinating, mumble, murmured, screamed, source, strange, rarely, whisper 1) I ... get up earlier than seven a.m. 2) Speak louder, please, don’t ... your answer. 3) The child was cute and ... . 4) What a ... idea! I will certainly do what you advise. 5) He ... to enter the university. 6) The child was shy^ and always ... what he wanted to say. 7) His was a ... decision I couldn’t understand it. 8) I have never heard of this ... . What books did he write? 9) The child fell off his bike and ... with pain. 10) What is your ... of information? Where did you get it? 11) Why are you speaking in a ... ? Is anyone asleep? ' shy [fai] — робкий, стеснительный, застенчивый. Get ready to speak about your visits to a library (libraries). Mention the following: • your first visits to the library and your first impressions; • how you use libraries now; • if you like the atmosphere of a library and how you can describe it; • how you imagine the future of libraries. Step 2 59 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, (23), and choose the appropriate endings to complete these sentences. 1) Arthur Conan Doyle began writing his stories because .... a) he needed money to pay his doctor b) he wanted to get some money for his books c) he didn’t know how to spend his free time 2) Conan Doyle’s first profession was that of a .... a) writer b) doctor c) police detective 3) The museum’s address is .... a) 221 b Bank Street, London b) 221 b Baker Street, London c) 221 b Baily Street, London 4) The museum was opened in .... a) 1890 b) 1909 c) 1990 5) The museum looks like the detective’s real.... a) home b) library c) study Match the words with their definitions. n> T3 NJ 1) to murmur 2) to fail 3) to scream 4) to mumble 5) fascinating 6) rarely 7) an author 8) strange a) the writer of a book, play, poem etc b) not very often c) to be unable to do something d) difficult to explain or understand: unusual or surprising e) to speak in a very quiet voice f) to say something in a way that is not loud or clear enough so that it’s difficult to understand your words g) making you very interested d) to make a loud high cry because you are hurt You know the words in column A. Read the sentences and say what the words in column В mean. A. rarely strange cheerful fail fascinating B. rare stranger cheer, to cheer failure fascinate; fascination 60 с :з г+ 1) We should protect rare species of plants and animals. 2) That was a very rare disease. 3) I’ve met her before she is not a complete stranger to me. 4) I heard the cheers of the crowd and I knew that our team was winning. 5) “Let’s give him a cheer.” Tony said. And they all shouted “Hurray!” 6) I tried to cheer him up but he kept crying. 7) As a writer, he was a complete failure. 8) His plans ended in failure. 9) Anything to do with old myths and legends fascinates me. 10)1 was fascinated to see how he worked. 11) Chinese art has a great fascination for me. Read the text and complete it with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. Library A library is a place where books and documents are kept. (1)... help (2)... with the books they need. They can also help with some (3) ... . There are (4) ... kinds of libraries. In some you can borrow books and take them home. They are (5) ... libraries. In others students and (6) ... use the books and document for their work only inside the library. People have used libraries for as long as men have known how to write. Libraries have helped people a lot in the field of (7)... . library, read inform, differ borrow, science educate A. Read the text and match its parts with the following statements. There is one statement you don't have to use. a) This library once changed its name. b) This library is mostly used by scientists. c) This library was first used by a rather small group of people. d) This library changed the place of its location^ not so long to go. e) This library enlightens people in different ways. The Famous Libraries of the World 1. The US Library of Congress is the largest in the world. It has about 90 million items — books, manuscripts^, maps, photographs, pieces of music etc. The library has about 350 miles^ of bookshelves in three gigantic [d3ai'gaentik] buildings in Washington, D.C. The collection was started in 1800 to help congressmen in their work. When in 1814 the books were destroyed in a fire, the Congress bought Thomas Jefferson’s personal library of about 6500 books — the beginning of a new collection. Now the library is open to the public. 2. The Biblioteque Nationale (National Library) is the most important library in France and one of the oldest in the world. Its beginning was the first royal library started by Charles V in the 14th century. In 1692 the library was opened to the public and renamed the Biblioteque Nationale in 1795. The library’s collection nowadays includes about 9 million books and 180 thousand manuscripts from France and other countries. ' a location [b'keijn] — местоположение ^ a manuscripts ['maenjuskript] — рукопись ^ a mile [mail] — миля (примерно 1, 609 км) 3. The Russian State Library in Moscow is one of the largest in the world. It has more than 40 million items in 247 languages: books, newspapers, maps, music and others. The library is not only a place to read. It is also a learning centre which organizes lectures ['lek^as], discussions and presentations. The library was opened in the 18th century on the basis [’beisis] of Count Rumyantsev’s collection and since that time it has been used by millions of people who come to the library and use its Internet site. 4. The British Library is the national library of the UK. It has a large new building in London which was finished in 1996. Before that the library was part of the British Museum. Nowadays every visitor of the museum can see the famous Reading Room designed as Rome’s Pan-theonh Some of the greatest thinkers and the most famous people of their times have worked in this room: writers, dramatists, politicians such as Charles Dickens, Bernard Shaw, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin. P. •c 61 Ф ■O M B. Some words in the text may be new to you. Do you understand what they mean? What helped you to understand their meanings? A. Work in pairs or in small groups, a) Find 3—5 reasons why nowadays, when we have the Internet, libraries still play an important cultural role, b) Decide how libraries should change to be up-to-date. B. Share your ideas with the other pupils and sum up. C%/nr\n\i Synonyms Обычно под синонимами понимают слова, которые идентично описывают то или иное явление, объект, признак, процесс. Однако это не совсем так. При помощи синонимов можно описать одно и то же явление, предмет и т. д. по-разному. Вот примеры того, каким образом синонимы могут отличаться друг от друга: 1. Нюансы значения murmur —говорить негромко mumble — говорить негромко и неясно 2. Количество значений (один синоним имеет больше значений, чем другой) shout (at) — кричать что-то, на кого-то writer — писатель, автор книг, пьес, стихов cry 1. кричать что-то 2. плакать author 1. автор книг, пьес, стихов и т. д. 2. автор идеи, проекта ' а pantheon ['paenGian] — пантеон: 1) у древних греков и римлян так называли храм, посвящённый всем языческим богам; 2) место погребения выдающихся деятелей. Знаменитый Римский пантеон имеет округлую форму, которая послужила образцом при строительстве читального зала. 62 с D r+ м 3.Стиль children нейтральный стиль kids (ребята) разговорный стиль 4. Частотность rarely (редко) — более частотно seldom (редко) — менее частотно 5. Эмоциональная окрашенность alone (один, в отсутствие других людей) не испытывающий негативных чувств по поводу своего одиночества lonely (одинокий) испытывающий дискомфорт от одиночества, возможно, даже в присутствии других людей б. Функционирование alone 1. Не может употребляться в функции определения и стоять перед существительным, используется только как часть сказуемого Не is alone lonely 1. может быть определением а lonely tree 2. может быть частью сказуемого Не is lonely. Choose the words from the Nota Bene table above to complete the sentences. Sometimes both the synonyms can be used. 1) (An official questionnaire form) Family: I have a wife and two (kids/chil-dren). 2) John was (alone/lonely) at the party, though there were many of his classmates there too. 3) I’m (seldom/rarely) late for my classes. 4) The girl is shy and she usually (murmurs/mumbles) when she is asked something, but her speech is clear enough. 5) There was a (lonely/alone) birch tree in the middle of the field. 6) Who is the (author/writer) of this project which, as we see, is a complete failure? 7) “There, there, dear. Don’t you (cry/shout). We’ll buy you a new doll.” 8) Why do you allow her to (shout/cry) at your friends? A. Read the following words and word combinations. Say which of them give negative characteristics. What are books like? great talented stupid wonderful powerful original boring silly fascinating fantastic moving unrealistic violent thrilling a real bestseller brilliant gripping good fun perfect shallow a waste of time first-class enjoyable trash terrible unreadable makes great reading terrific unique B. Characterize some of the books you've read using the words above. Recommend or don't recommend them to your friends. DO IT 01У YOUR OWM Write these word combinations in English. 1) Интересная (восхитительная) мысль; 2) странное поведение; 3) говорить шёпотом; 4) произносить строчки (the lines) тихо и неотчётливо; 5) увидеть незнакомого человека; 6) быть неудачей (провалиться); 7) очарование библиотек; 8) привести в восторг путешественника; 9) редкий посетитель; 10) наградить оратора одобрительными возгласами. 63 Write synonyms to these words. 1) Rarely; 2) to cry; 3) a child; 4) alone; 5) a writer; 6) to murmur. Complete the text using the derivatives of the words on the right. I am (1) ... to understand people who often visit libraries. In my opinion, it is (2)... very strange. I don’t think libraries are (3)... places and librarians are (4) ... people. They are (5) ... not very young ladies who tell you what you must or mustn’t do. You can’t be (6) ... or (7) ... in the library. I prefer to find the (8)... I need at home, using my (9)... computer. able real fascinate interest, usual cheer, act inform, wonder fD T3 Ы Write an answer to your pen friend's letter. Answer his/her questions. The number of words in your letter should be 100—120. "...Lately I've got really interested in modem English poetry^ I've discovered for myself the poetry of Philip Larkin which was recommended to me by the librarian in our school library. He is quite young but he knows a lot about literature. Do you use any libraries? Do you find them helpful? What books do you usually read?" Step 3 DO IT TOGETHER Read some information about three English women. Listen to them speaking about their favourite books, Ф (24). Match the people and the titles of the books. There is one title you don't have to use. 1) Ms Shipley, 63, often travels to the continent where her daughter and son-in-law live. She doesn’t read a lot and buys books mostly to entertain herself when she travels. When she chooses a book, it is usually something light and easy. 2) Mrs Campbell, 75, lives outside Great Britain. She has two sons living in the USA. They don’t see a lot of each other but meet at Easter and Christmas. She mostly rereads the books that she loves and knows. From time to time she buys a book that her friends or sons recommended to her. 3) Maggie Kerr, 78, is a loving mother and grandmother. She does not read much but when she does, she prefers serious reading. She chooses books very carefully. There is one book she reads all the time. 64 c 3 r+ tsj 1. Doris Chipley 2. Pauline Campbell 3. Maggie Kerr a) The Princess in Tatters^ b) The Bible c) The Animals Came in One by One Match the words with their descriptions. 1) powerful 2) unreadable 3) gripping 4) boring 5) shallow 6) unique 7) trash 8) moving a) without serious or interesting ideas b) very bad c) making you feel emotionaP d) having great influence on people e) very difficult to read f) very thrilling and interesting g) not at all interesting h) very special, unusual or good ' tatters [’taetaz] — лохмотья ^ emotional [I'maujanl] — эмоциональный I The list below gives you names of different book categories. Read them and say which category or categories you know better or like more. lOUISjiWT ucon шш 'mew* poem (short) story fairy tale legend fable mystery science fiction (sci 65 n> Ы Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. 1) What famous Russian novels do you know? When were they written? Who are their authors? Have you read any of them? What novel characters do you like and remember? 2) Do you know any English-speaking novelists? Have you read any works by them? If you have, what do you think of them and their characters? 3) Have you read any plays? Are they easy to read? What is more interesting: to watch a play in the theatre or to read it? 4) Do you remember any names of world-famous dramatists? Have you seen any of their plays? What plays? 5) Do you like poetry? Do you often read poems? Do you think people should be taught to read and understand poetry? Who is your favourite poet? Have you ever tried to write poems yourself? Were they successful? 6) Why do you think short stories have become so popular nowadays? What kind of short stories do you prefer? Do boys and girls usually read the same kinds of stories? 7) What names of fable writers do you know? In what way are fables different from other poems? Why in your view they have become less popular nowadays? 8) Myths, legends and fairy tales are among the oldest works of literature. Why, do you think, people still enjoy them? Which of them did you like in your childhood? 66 с э г+ ы A. Listen, ^ (25), and read. article ['a:tikl] — статья earn [з:п] — зарабатывать general ['фепегэ!] — общий private ['praivit] — частный, личный push [puj] — толкать, проталкивать quality [’kwolati] -1. п качество 2. adj качественный sell [sel] — продавать type [taip] — печатать {набирать текст) B. article: а newspaper article, an article on (about) politics. We read an interesting article about the history of our town in the local newspaper, earn: to earn money, to earn good marks, to earn someone’s respect. She doesn’t earn a lot of money but she enjoys her work. We had a fantastic lunch, and we’d earned it. general: general education, a general idea, in general. The gallery was open to the general public. I got only a very general idea of what they were discussing. In general, the climate here is fairly healthy. private: a private school, a private house, one’s private life, in private. You can’t park here: it’s a private driveway. I’d like to talk with you in private, push: to push the door, to push hard, to push something away. He pushed open the door with his foot. The little girl pushed the cup of tea away, quality n: high (good) quality, a poor (bad, low) quality, personal qualities. The food in this restaurant is of the highest quality. What is the quality you most admire in others? quality adj: quality time, quality paper. Quality time is the time spent with one’s children. They have a number of quality players in their team, sell (sold, sold): to sell at some price, to sell for some money. We sold the old bicycle for twenty-five dollars. Do you think they sell children’s books here? type: to type fast, to type well, to type information in (into) the computer. I didn’t know you could type. He carefully typed instructions into the computer. Confusable Words Нередки случаи, когда одному русскому слову соответствуют два или несколько английских и наоборот. Например, с русским глаголом «печатать» соотносятся такие английские единицы, как to print, to publish ['paMiJ], to type. Обратите внимание на различия между ними. 1) to print — печатать при помощи печатного станка, принтера: The book is beautifully printed on good quality paper. 2) to publish — публиковать, выпускать из печати: The novel has been published in 10,000 copies. 3) to type — печатать на компьютере или ином устройстве, имеющем клавиатуру, набирать текст: Alice, сап you type this article for me? Обратите также внимание на предлоги в словосочетании to type something in/into a computer. Complete the sentences with the new words from Exercise 5 in the appropriate forms. 1) In this shop they ... and buy works of art. 2) All these magazines ... by one company. 3) Do you ... your private letters or do you write them by hand? 4) I’ve enjoyed this chocolate cake, though in ... I don’t really like sweet things. 5) The ... of education in this school is fairly high. 6) I have never travelled in a ... plane in my whole life. 7) Mr Pelkey ... enough money for his family to live comfortably. 8) He ... the first door on the right and found himself in the liv-ingroom. 9) The Wilsons ... their house and moved to another part of the country. I’m afraid I don’t know their new address. 67 Ф ■O w The Pronoun Помимо известного вам числительного one (один) в английском языке имеется омонимичное ему неопределённое местоимение one, которое используется в двух случаях. 1. Если говорящий или пишущий стремится избежать повторения одного и того же имени существительного: I have lost my mobile and I want to buy another one (mobile). Если существительное стоит во множественном числе, используется форма ones. Ann has two green pencils but she has no blue ones. Обе формы, one и ones, часто используются в ответах на вопросы, которые начинаются со слова which: a) Which of the paintings do you prefer? — These ones. b) Which woman do you mean? — The one in a green dress. При этом неисчисляемые существительные не могут заменяться местоимением one. I never use white sugar in my coffee, I use only brown sugar. 2. Местоимение one может использоваться в неопределённо-личных предложениях в значениях «любой», «каждый», «всякий», «кто-нибудь»: One has to do his best. One never knows what may happen. Точно таким же образом используется и личное местоимение you, однако предложения с you звучат менее формально, чем предложения с one. You have to do your best. You never know what may happen. 3. В английском языке существует также возвратное местоимение oneself. One should do such things oneself. Complete the dialogue. Use one or ones where It is possible. 1) — I think Mary’s photos are great. — Yes, they are. Especially the old .... 2) — Look! I’ve broken two of my painting brushes. — You’ll have to buy new ..., I think. 3) — Peter’s younger brother is playing instead of Peter today. — Really? Is he the ... in a red T-shirt? 4) — I’m afraid I’ve left my sun cream at home. Have you got...? — I don’t think so, sorry. 68 с 3 r+ ы 5) — Joe wanted to buy his father a watch for Christinas. — But he’s got... already. 6) — Do we need any cheese? — Yes, we do. There is no ... in the fridge. 7) — Does he keep any dogs? — He does. He has two small .... How did you know? 8) — Would you like some coffee? — No, thanks. I never drink ... in the evening. Answer the questions. Use one or ones where it is possible. 1) Which colours do you prefer in your clothes — cold or warm? 2) Do you wear old or new jeans when you work in the garden? 3) Do you usually buy cheap or expensive pens? 4) Which do you like more: chocolate ice cream or vanilla ice cream? 5) Do you prefer classical music or pop music? 6) Which do you think is a better place for a holiday — a hot country or a warm country? DO IT 01У YOUR OWIU Complete these questions witch the new words and answer them. Write down both the questions and the answers. 1) Do you think schoolchildren should work and ... money? Why? 2) What newspapers are bought and ... in the place where you live? 3) What kind of things do you prefer to discuss in ...? 4) About what can you say that you don’t know it in details but only in ... ? 5) If you have an opportunity to write a newspaper ..., what will it be about? Spell these words. 1) ['kwobti] 2) [риЛ 3) [’a.-ttkl] 4) [taip] 5) ['фепэгэ!] 6) [з:п] 7) [print] 8) ['praivit] 9) ['pAbhJ] Change the sentences to use "one or "ones" where possible. 1) My friend Liz watches both new films and old films, she is a great cinema lover. 2) The old part of the town is situated on one bank of the river and the new part on the other bank. 3) We always try to buy fresh vegetables, nobody wants old or spoiled vegetables. 4) This tea is cold, I hate cold tea. 5) Their telephone number has been changed and I don’t know their new telephone number. 6) They say that to eat dark chocolate is healthier than to eat milk chocolate. 7) Everyone knows that gold rings are more expensive than silver rings. 8) Of all my friends I prefer those friends who have the same interests as me. Get ready to speak about how schoolchildren can earn their first money. Speak about: • how early they should start earning money; • what jobs pupils may prefer to do and why; • if earning money can be bad for one’s studies; • if you think it possible for yourself to do some job and earn a little money and why. step 4 DO IT TOGETHER A. Listen to the text about two authors, (26), and compare them. 69 fD T3 Jules Verne Herbert George Wells Example: 1)... wrote science fiction stories. Both the authors wrote science fiction stories. 2) ... wrote in English. 3) ... wrote about flying to other planets. 4) ... wrote about people on the Moon. 5) ... wrote for newspapers. 6) ... taught in a school. 7) ... made people think about serious problems. B. Match the names of the books with their authors. a) “Around the World in Eighty Days” b) “Journey to the Centre of the Earth” c) “The Invisible^ Man” d) “The War of the Worlds” e) “The Time Machine” f) “Twenty Thousand Leagues^ under the Sea” Complete the sentences. Use publish, print and type. 1) This is one of the latest dictionaries. It was ... only last year. 2) I never ... my letters, I always write them by hand. 3) The first books were not ...» they were written by hand. 4) Can you ... this material into the office computer, please? 5) George says his magazine can’t... all the readers’ letters they receive. 6) This machine can ... about 60 pages a minute. 7) There’s something wrong with our Xerox: it is not... well. 8) Joseph Brodsky could not... his poems when he lived in the Soviet Union. 9) The press should be free to ... any material and comment on all aspects of our life. 10) Before personal computers appeared people used machines with a keyboard and ... words directly on paper. Those machines were typewriters. ' invisible [in'vizabl] — невидимый ^ league ['li:gl — лье (единица измерения длины, принятая во Франции, « 5 км) 70 с =3 r+ к» iNt Say the same in Russian. 1) It’s a good book, but his last one was better. 2) One has to think about one’s future. 3) They were the ones who left Europe for the New World. 4) It was a problem, but not a big one. 5) I’m only using this computer until I can buy a better one. 6) He’s never seen a game like that one. 7) One cannot always be right, can one? 8) David is the one who used to work for television. 9) I carefully answered all her text messages, but failed to answer the last one. 10) One never knows what may happen tomorrow. Look at the pictures to find out how to use the words push and pull. Choose the right words to complete the sentences below. 1. Pull 2. Push 3. Push 1) Help me to (pull/push) the sofa away from the wall. 2) The table was (pulled/ pushed) to the wall. 3) I got into bed and (pulled/pushed) the quilt over my head. 4) He (pulled/pushed) her hand into the bag in hope to find the old notebook there. 5) To turn on the television you (pull/push) this buttonh 6) It wasn’t easy to (pull/push) the big fish out of the water. A. Read the text and match its parts with their names. A) Newspaper Structure ['strAklJa] B) Periodicals C) The Local Paper D) Writing to the Newspaper E) New Developments F) The national Papers The Press Britain is one of the few countries where daily newspapers are brought at the door before breakfast. Paperboys or girls push the papers through letterboxes before going to school. For them it is a way of earning some extra money. There are papers which are sold in all parts of Britain. They fall into two groups: quality papers and popular papers. Quality papers give national and interna- button [ЪлШ] — кнопка tional news. They also publish articles on many general subjects. The famous quality paper are “The Times”, “The Daily Telegraph”, “The Independent”. The popular papers such as “The Daily Mail” or “The Sun” try to make news sensational [sen'seijanl]. They often publish “personal” articles which shock and excite. Much of their information is about the private life of people who arc in the news. Daily Telegraph Another category of newspapers publish national as well as the news coming from the areas where they are published. Some of them have a high standard of reporting and are very successful (“The Scotsman”, “Glasgow Herald”). Many cities and towns have their own daily, evening or weeklv oaoers. 3______________ THEINdS'ENDENT These are published weekly, monthly or quarterly. There are about 7000 of them in the UK. Many of those are women’s magazines. There are editions for almost every profession, sport, hobby or interest. THE TIMES There has been a revolution in the printing of newspapers. Many of them now use computer technology to replace old and expensive methods of printing. Now journalists can type their articles into a computer system which then prints articles automatically and cheaply. Nowadays a lot of people prefer to read newspapers in electronic but not in paper form and e-papers are a new feature of modern journalism. __ _ British daily papers are published from Monday to Saturday*. Quality papers are very thick, much thicker than Russian papers. They usually consist of sections such as Politics, Culture, Finances ['famaensiz], Business etc. Newspaper readers often use only one or two sections and throw the others away. Popular papers, or tabloids, often publish cartoons (humorous drawings), a lot of photographs and readers’ letters. Nearly all newspapers write about sports news and publish crossword puzzles. It is a popular pastime for many people. Some people write about their problems, others give advice or develop their own ideas on different subjects. Such letters are usually answered. The most interesting and colourful are published. B. In the text there may be words that you did not know. What were the words? What helped you to understand them? Read the text "The Press" again and say what the following words and word combinations mean. 71 ro T3 «к ' The Sunday papers in Britain are special editions, different from the daily papers, one of the most popular is the Sunday Times. 72 с г+ ю 1) А paperboy is .... a) а boy who works for a newspaper publisher b) a boy who buys newspapers c) a boy who brings newspapers to people’s homes 2) A letterbox is the place .... a) where your mail is put b) where you put your mail c) where you keep letters 3) Quality papers are .... a) papers that write about quality things b) papers that are printed on quality paper c) papers that write about different things in a serious way 4) Local news is .... a) news published in local papers b) news about what happens in some locality c) news about the work of a local government 5) To replace means .... a) to find a new place for something b) to change something for something new or different c) to forget where you have placed something 6) Cartoons are .... a) funny photos b) humorous texts c) humorous drawings 7) Colourful letters are .... a) interesting and impressive letters b) letters written or typed on colour paper c) letters illustrated with pictures ^ English Participles В английском языке, как и в русском, существуют причастия. Первое причастие (participle I, or present participle) образуется от глаголов при помощи суффикса -ing: play + ing = playing (играющий) ask + ing = asking (спрашивающий, просящий) Второе причастие (participle II or past participle) представляет собой третью форму глагола (ту, что мы используем в перфектных временах). Так называемые правильные глаголы образуют её с помощью суффикса -есУ: use + ed = used (использованный) Второе причастие неправильных глаголов следует запомнить, write — written (написанный) buy — bought (купленный) Причастие первое соответствует русскому действительному, а причастие второе — страдательному причастиям. В некоторых случаях их можно перевести на русский язык придаточными предложениями. Say the same in Russian. 1) The stranger’s smiling face was kind and I smiled back. 2) The news brought by my friend was fantastic. 3) Football played all over the world is one of the best-loved games. 4) At 9 o’clock the finished work was lying on my boss’s desk. 5) Have you noticed the broken kitchen window? I wonder who has done it. 6) Jane’s last words whispered into my ear were, “I’ll always remember you.” 7) The class was busy. There was no sound but the sound of turning pages. 8) The trees growing in front of the school were given to us as a present. 9) The picture drawn by my little brother is a portrait of our family. 73 Read these pairs of words and use them to complete the sentences below. 1) giving — given 6) preparing — prepared 2) buying — bought 3) singing — sung 4) showing — shown 5) asking — asked 7) speaking — spoken 8) eating — eaten 9) forgetting — forgotten 10) fascinating — fascinated •o 1) a) The examples ... in the text were very unusual, b) The theatre ... “Macbeth” is closing its season. 2) a) We usually eat vegetables ... in the market. b) The woman ... apples at the counter is my aunt. 3) a) Right before Christmas one can see groups of ... children. They collect charity^ money. b) A new song ... by a popular singer may soon become a hit. 4) a) On his desk stood a picture ... him and his family. b) The film ... on Channel I at prime time was watched by millions of TV viewers. 5) a) It’s difficult to say no to people ... for help. b) The question ... by the child surprised the grown-ups. 6) a) The pupils ... for the examinations were given some extra classes, b) I like soups ... by my mother and no one else’s. 7) a) English ... in America sounds different from English ... in Britain, b) People ... English have better opportunities to find a good job. 8) a) This dish ... with tomato ketchup is one of my favourite, b) Children ... a lot of junk food put their health at risk. 9) a) How can I love someone ... my birthday? b) This story ... long ago was suddenly remembered and turned into a film. 10) a) The child stood in front of the cage ... by the beautiful bright birds in it. b) What a ... idea it is! charity ['^aeriti] — благотворительность DO IT 01У YOUR OWN Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents. 74 c 3 1) growing feeling 2) written article 3) closing doors 4) printed page 5) earned holiday 6) closed windows 7) writing boy 8) printing press 9) grown children 10) earning money a) заслуженный отпуск b) закрывающиеся двери c) подросшие дети d) закрытые окна e) печатающий станок f) написанная статья g) пишущий мальчик h) напечатанная страница i) растущее чувство j) зарабатывающий деньги Choose the appropriate participle to complete the sentences. 1) This newspaper (reading/read) by millions of people is very popular. 2) The face of the actor (playing/played) in the new film isn’t familiar at all. 3) The news (broadcasting/broadcast) in the evening is one of the most popular programmes on television. 4) These books (preparing/prepared) for the lesson must be taken to the classroom. 5) Some pupils (writing/written) stories for children’s magazines later become professional journalists. 6) Who is the boy (standing/stood) in front of the others? 7) This book (publishing/published) abroad can be found only in central libraries. 8) This book (choosing/chosen) by you will make a very good present. Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words. 1) The car was sold ... 10,000 dollars. 2) The library was soon open ... the general public. 3) Jack has begun writing articles ... our local newspaper. 4) What’s this article ... ? 5) I didn’t know you’ve typed all the material... the computer. 6) Sue has some problems with maths, but... generally her progress at school is quite good. 7) The doorway was narrow and we pushed the sofa... it with a lot of difficulty. 8) There are two questions I’d like to ask you ... private. 9) The child pushed the cup ... and said that he hated milk. 10) I’ve read two books ... this author and now I’m beginning a new one. -h, Get ready to speak about British newspapers. Be sure to mention: — national and local papers; — quality papers and tabloids; — the modern revolution in newspaper business. step 5 DO IT TOGETHER A. Listen to the text "The First Printing Press", ^ (27), and complete the sentences below. 1) People began printing texts in the .... a) 4th century c) 6th century b) 50th century 2) The first printers lived in .... a) Europe c) China b) America 3) In his press Johann Gutenberg used letters made of.... a) metal c) wood b) stone 4) The first book Gutenberg printed was .... a) The Bible c) his own translating from other languages b) “Dictes” 5) William Caxton printed his first book .... a) before Gutenberg c) at the same time as Gutenberg b) after Gutenberg 6) Caxton didn’t only print books, he also .... a) illustrated them c) translated them b) wrote them B. What do you know about the first printer and the first printed books in Russia? 75 a> ■o ui Put two ideas together into one sentence. Examples: 1) We liked the film. It was shown on TV. We liked the film shown on TV. 2) The girl was talking to her friend. That was Clare. The girl talking to her friend was Clare. 1) The children visited some museums. They were located in the city centre. 2) I enjoyed the new book. It had been bought by my father. 3) The family moved to a new house. The house had been built a year before. 4) The birds were flying to the South. They were cranes 5) The sounds of music were coming from the open window. They were a new popular sing. 6) Our teacher asked us to share the information. The information was found on the Internet. 7) Did you enjoy the new play? The play is running in the children’s theatre. 8) I’m thinking of a name for my new pet. It was given to me as a birthday present. 9) All my family read this magazine. The magazine often publishes interesting biographical stories. 10) It’s important to remember some rules. The rules are given to you in your textbooks. 76 с D hJ Say it in English. A. 1) Поющая девочка; 2) сломанный мост; 3) улыбающийся ребёнок; 4) танцующие люди; 5) вымытая машина; 6) загрязнённый воздух; 7) посаженное дерево; 8) бегущие мальчики; 9) переведённая книга; 10) потерянный билет. B. 1) Джем, приготовленный летом; 2) замок, построенный в XIII веке; 3) стихотворение, выученное наизусть; 4) книга, купленная для детей; 5) вопрос, заданный учителем; 6) шутка, рассказанная братом; 7) автомобиль, управляемый женщиной; 8) виноград, выращенный на юге; 9) комната, украшенная цветами; 10) часы, потерянные на берегу реки. С Маке up your own sentences with some of the word combinations above. ISpta bene The Participle Структуры c первым причастием (Participle I) в английском языке могут соответствовать русскому деепричастному обороту или придаточному предложению: closing the window — закрывая окно; в то время как (я) закрывал окно; reading the newspaper — читая газету; когда (я) читал газету; skiing in the mountains — катаясь в горах на лыжах; когда (я) катался в горах на лыжах. Say the same in Russian. 1) The old man sat in an armchair looking through a thick magazine. 2) Looking for a certain book I came across a rare publication. 3) Reading British daily papers you can get information about important happenings in the world. 4) Crossing the street he was stopped by a police officer. 5) People writing crime stories usually have a rich imagination. 6) Writing the letter she tried to tell her parents how interesting her life had become. 7) Doing my shopping in the supermarket I met a friend of mine whom I hadn’t seen for two or three years. 8) Writing another article for the local paper she met some difficulty. 9) Listening to the new American song she couldn’t understand a word. 10) Driving home Helen realized that something was wrong with her car. Complete these sentences and use them as the beginnings of four short stories. You may make them up together. 1) Cooking his evening meal Jim... 2) Looking through his morning paper Mr Norris... 3) Finishing her new novel Doris... 4) Walking home from school two friends... Лва Isne. Newspaper Headlines Если посмотреть на заголовки статей в англоязычных газетах, то можно заметить, что в них имеются свои особенности. — В заголовках часто отсутствуют артикли и такие служебные слова, как вспомогательные глаголы. — Глаголы используются в одной из простых форм, нередко в настоящем времени. — Вместо формы будущего времени часто встречается неопределенная форма глагола. — Для газетного заголовка типично употребление сокращений. — Заголовки статей или репортажей строятся на ярких образных выражениях или игре слов, так как они должны привлекать внимание читателя. — В заголовках обычно отсутствуют знаки препинания. Например: МР speaks of struggle to get son into special school Newspaper to be sold for $4,5 million Have the best holiday of all... in your own home 77 Ф ■D СП Match the headlines’ with what is written In the articles. a) Thames Whale Dies b) KIA to Build Plant c) $50 M Expansion for Kremlin Museum d) Americans Prefer Russia e) Athletes Get Set for Games f) Global and Local News to Be Brought to Every Home in Moscow g) Papers Not Printed 1. One of the biggest South Korean car makers is planning to make its world-famous cars in Georgia. 2. The International Herald Tribune and Moscow Times are starting a new project together. As a result Russian readers will be able to get their new periodicals daily. 3. A big sea animal got into the river. People tried to help it but failed. 4. One of the most important historic places in Moscow is getting a present on its 200th birthday — a new building for its growing collection. 5. Three of Belarus’s independent newspapers are not published any longer. 6. Sportsmen from 53 countries are in final preparations for this week’s Olympics. 7. The polP organized by the University of Connecticut shows that the country’s citizens have begun to show more sympathy for our motherland. ' headline ['hedlain] — заголовок ^ poll [pool] — опрос общественного мнения 78 с 3 r+ NJ Phrasal Verbs Запомни фразовые глаголы с ядерным элементом look 1) to look through something — 2) to look after somebody or some- (бегло) просматривать что-то thing — заботиться о ком-то или о чём-то I always look through а book before buying it. To look after these kids isn’t easy. 3) to look for somebody or some- 4) to look forward to something or thing — искать кого-то или что-то doing something — с нетерпением ждать чего-то Have you seen my spectacles? I’ve I’m looking forward to my holiday been looking for them the whole and seeing you again. morning. Use the appropriate function words to complete the sentences. 1) We are looking ... to the day when things will be a bit easier. 2) It’s hard work looking ... three children of your own. 3) John was looking ... a job as a manager. 4) We spent half the morning looking ... the keys. 5) Would you like to look ... the magazine before I take it? 6) I’ll look ... these files and see if I can find a copy of the letter. 7) He sat looking ... the portrait of his dead wife. 8) They looked ... our dog for us while we were away. 9) I’m really looking forward ... working with you. 10) I’m looking ... Jim. Have you seen him anywhere? Name three things you are looking forward to and explain why. Example: I am looking forward to seeing the cup final. I’m sure it will be an exciting match and I’ll enjoy watching it. DO 1Т01У YOUR OWN 79 0> ■D U1 A. Write the same in English. 1) Птица, летящая в небе; 2) женщина, обнимающая своего сына; 3) ребёнок, плавающий в море; 4) спортсмен, бегущий впереди всех остальных; 5) поезд, прибывающий на станцию; 6) кошка, спящая в кресле; 7) бабушка, целующая внучку перед сном. B. 1) Шагая по улице, он думал о своих друзьях. 2) Делая утреннюю гимнастику, вы заботитесь о своём здоровье. 3) Глядя на вас, я вспоминаю вашу старшую сестру. 4) Строя дом для своей семьи, он мечтал о будущем. 5) Слушая эту мелодию, она всегда плакала. 6) Делая фотоснимки, он вспоминал советы своего отца. 7) Выходя из комнаты, закрывайте дверь. Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. Imagine that you (1)... to go to Italy for your holiday. You’re looking forward to (2) ... the beauty of Rome, the (3)... works of Michelangelo and Raphael. In your imagination you (4) ... already the (5) ... museums of the world. You buy your air ticket, get on the plane and close your eyes (6) ... of sunny Italy. The plane lands and you discover that you (7)... not in Italy, but in Holland. At once you (8) ... but then you start to think, OK, this may not be Italy but there are still the Rembrandts, the Van Goghs... plan see good visit, great dream land shock Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences. 1) He turned and looked (after/at) us before he left the room. 2) The bike will serve longer if you look well (after/through) it. 3) The police were looking (for/through) a dangerous criminal in our neighbourhood. 4) I haven’t read the book. I’ve just looked (forward to/through) it. 5) They are looking (at/for) a new computer programmer for their office. 6) He had worked hard and was looking (for/forward to) a long holiday. 7) If you want to go away, I can look (after/for) your garden. 8) I looked (at/through) the sky, it was threatening with rain. Write an answer to your pen friend's letter. Answer his/her questions. The number of words in your letter should be 100—120. 80 c D "Yesterday in our English class we discussed a newspaper article about teenagers* problems. I think that newspapers sometimes publish important and up-to-date materials. What newspapers are popular in Russia? Are there any special newspapers for children and teenagers in your country? What papers and periodicals do you and your family read?" К» Step 6 DO IT TOGETHER A. What do you know about Nikolai Gumilyov? Have you ever read his poetry? Did you enjoy it? B. Listen, ^ (28), and say which of the following facts are true, false or not stated in the text. 1) In the poet’s early years one of his greatest pleasures was books. 2) Nikolai began to think about travelling after he visited Tiflis. 3) Tiflis was the place where Nikolai’s poem first came out in print. 4) Nikolai’s new school was one of the best in St Petersburg. 5) Innokenty Annensky, the school’s Head, was an author. 6) Nikolai’s father wanted to send his son to Africa. 7) The poet didn’t write to his parents from Africa. 8) The poet did some scientific work in Africa. 9) Gumiliov’s poems about his travels soon made him famous. A. Give participle I and participle II of the following verbs: 1) Admire, 2) devote, 3) excite, 4) lead, 5) move, 6) receive, 7) respect, 8) share, 9) thrill. B. Use the appropriate participles from Part A to complete the sentences below. 1) Mike has always been my most ... friend. 2) Just imagine: we’re going on a voyage! I feel so .... 3) ... everything beautiful, he often made visits to picture galleries. 4) Helen cried, ... by the sad story. 5) Any food tastes better when it is ... with your family and friends. 6) Some of the roles in the new film are played by ... actors. 7) ... a lot of his time to studies he made good progress at school. 8) A ... citizen he was often invited to speak to the public. 9)... the letter Betty read it quickly and put it in a special box she kept in her desk. The Participle Причастие I (Participle I) часто встречается в следующих сочетаниях: to have fun playing (dancing etc) — получать удовольствие от игры, танцев и т. д.; to have а good (wonderful) time skiing (riding etc) — хорошо проводить время, катаясь на лыжах, верхом и т. д.; to have difficulty (trouble) reading (speaking etc) — иметь сложности в чтении, с трудом говорить и т. д.; to have а hard time working (cleaning etc) — иметь проблемы (сложности) в работе, уборке и т. д. Use the structures from the Nota Bene above and say what happened to the people in the pictures. Develop your ideas. Example: Jim and Mary/travel about Italy. Jim and Mary had a wonderful time travelling about Italy. The weather was fantastic and they enjoyed visiting some popular historical places. 81 Ф •o Ф 1) Sam/try to get to the railway station on time. 2) Jane/understand people from Scotland. 3) The children/ski and throw snowballs. 4) Victor/do homework for the next class. 5) Lucy/make a dress for her daughter. 6) Vera and her friends/skate in the park. 82 с D м f '''//у/ 7) Тот and Dan/get home. Make some true sentences about yourself. 8) The teenagers/spend time on the beach. always usually often sometimes seldom rarely never have fun difficulty trouble a good time a wonderful time a hard time doing what? A. Listen, (29), and read. call [ko:l] — 1) звать, называть; 2) звонить по телефону; 3) кричать courage ['клпс^] — храбрость, смелость, мужество invent [in'vent] — изобретать investigate [in'vestigeit] — расследовать lie [lai] — 1. /г ложь 2. v лгать occasion [э'кехзэп] — случай reward [ri'wDid] — награждать, вознаграждать suppose [sa'pauz] — полагать, предполагать B. call: 1) to call somebody by his/her name (nickname, surname). Her name is Elizabeth but we call her Liz. What do you call this piece of equipment? 2) to call somebody. ITl call you back in the evening, shall I? 3) to call to somebody. He called to the driver to stop. courage: to show (demonstrate) courage, to have the courage to do something. Sometimes it takes courage to tell the truth. Alan showed real courage saving the children from the fire. invent: to invent something. Who invented the microscope? — Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutchman who lived in the 1600s. When was printing invented? investigate: to investigate something carefully. The police are investigating a terrible crime. This mystery is not easy to investigate, lie n: to tell a lie (lies). Don’t believe her: she often tells lies, lie v: to lie about something. John is very honest, he never lies. Please don’t lie to me. I want to know the truth. occasion: on this occasion, a special occasion, an occasion for something. I think we can leave a little later on this occasion. It can’t be an occasion for celebration. reward: to reward somebody for something, to reward somebody with something. He always believed that his company would reward him for his good work. Though the work was hard, they were rewarded with success. suppose: to suppose something, to suppose that, to be supposed to do something, to suppose so. Do you think the train will arrive on time? — I suppose so. He supposed the place would soon look different. We were supposed to finish the work by Friday. Complete the sentences with the new words in their appropriate forms. 1) Chaplin ... his own unique style of comedy. 2) On special ... the big table was laid for numerous friends and family members. 3) I’m sure you will be ... for your kindness and your heart of gold. 4) No one understood what they were ... to do in that lonely place so far from home. 5) Rita can’t tell ...: she always gives herself away. 6) They should ... everything carefully before they take a decision. 7) Hi! Nice to meet you. May I... you Meg? 8) I didn’t have the ... to say that I was wrong. Confusable Words Английские глаголы lie (лежать) и lie (лгать) являются омонимами. Следует, однако, понимать, что первый из них относится к категории неправильных, а второй — правильных глаголов, и различать их формы: to lie — lay — lain — lying (лежать) to lie — lied — lied — lying (лгать) 83 Ф ■о Ф Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences. 1) The village (lay/lied) in a beautiful green valley. 2) Tim has (lain/lied) to you: hehas never played in an orchestra before. 3) Doris didn’t have the courage to tell her mother the truth, so she (lay/lied). 4) The book we needed (lay/lied) on the top^ shelf of the bookcase. 5) The boy (lay/lied) in bed until he felt better. 6) Martin (lay/lied) about his age to get into the army. 7) All his interests (lay/lied) in different sciences. 8) I wonder why they have (lay/lied) to the police. Corial Fnolich Social English Для того чтобы разговаривать по телефону на английском языке, полезно знать некоторые слова и фразы, которые принято упо-^блять в этом случае. Вот несколько типичных телефонных разговоров, (29а). I. Ben is calling Mary. Mary herself is receiving the call. 1. Buz-buz-buz 3. Hello. It’s Ben Glendhill here. May I speak to Mary, please? 5. I’m fine, thanks. I’m calling to tell vou... 2. Hello? 4. It’s Mary sneaking. Good to hear you. Ben. How are you? top [top] — зд.: верхняя II. Ben is calling Marv. Marv is in but сапЧ take the call. 84 c 3 r+ ro 1. Buz-buz-buz 3. Hello. It’s Ben Glendhill here. May I speak to Mary, please? 5. Marv. it’s Ben Glendhill calling you... III. Ben is calling Marv. Marv is out. 2. Hello? 4. Hold on. I’ll call her (I’ll give her a nhoneh 1. Buz-buz-buz 3. Hello. It’s Ben Glendhill here. May I speak to Mary, please? 2. Hello? 4. I’m afraid Marv isn’t in at the moment (can’t answer the phone). Can I take a message? 6. I will. Thanks for calling. 8. Bye-bye. 5. Yes, please. Tell her... (No, thanks. I’ll call her back later. 1 7. Thank you. Goodbye. Complete the dialogues and act them out. 1) — Hello? — It’s ... here. May I speak to...? — Oh, hi! It’s me,... Good to hear you. How...? ^ — I’m fine, thanks. I’m calling to invite you ... Would you like to come? — Thank you very much... 2) — Hello? — Hello. My name is ... . May I speak to ...? — Hold on a minute. I’ll... 3) — Hello? — It’s ... speaking. Could you call..., please? — I’m sorry, but... can’t answer the phone at the moment. Can I take a message? — Yes. Could you, please, tell her.... — OK, I will. Thanks for... — Thank you... 4) — Hello? — Hello. It’s ... here. I’d like to speak to ..., please. — I’m afraid... at the moment. May I take ... for her? — No, thanks. I’ll... later. Goodbye. DO IT 01У YOUR OWN Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences. 1) Her name is not Kate. She is (called/calling) Emma. 2) (Admiring/Admired) the performance, the children applauded non-stop. 3) The courage (demonstrat-ed/demonstrating) by the soldiers left a great impression on everyone. 4) The problem (investigated/investigating) by the police was not an easy one. 5) (Lain/Lying) in the warm sunshine Jim thought about the happy days he had had on the farm. 6) (Invented/Inventing) in the 19th century, the telephone is still one of the main means of communication. 7) (Rewarded/Rewarding) the sportsmen the President said that the whole country was proud of them. 8) The pupils were (supposed/supposing) to stay in London for three or four days. 85 CO П) ■D Spell these words. 1) [in'vestigeit] 2) [э'кетзэп] 3) [lai] 4) [’клпф] 5) [n'word] 6) [ кэ:1] 7) [so'pouz] 8) [ mVent] Write 8—10 sentences about what you are supposed and not supposed to do at school. Examples: We are supposed to work hard. We are not supposed to miss classes. Get ready to speak about a magazine you would like to publish. Mention: • who can be its potential readers; • what kind of information it will give; • how you will make the magazine more attractive^ for the readers; • what you will call your magazine. Step 7 DO IT TOGETHER Listen to three people speaking about children's books, (30), and match what they say with the statements below. There is one statement you don't have to use. a) This speaker says adventure books are the best for young children. b) This speaker talks about what books to choose for children of different age groups. attractive [э'иггекПу] — привлекательный 86 с 3 r+ ISJ c) This speaker mentions books not read nowadays. d) This speaker knows how to teach children to enjoy reading books. The Participle Помимо известных вам случаев причастие прилагательного busy, например: Kate is busy writing an article. We are all busy preparing for the party. Yesterday they were busy doing shopping. Say what people living in the same street are busy doing. Example: Jack is busy washing his car. часто используется после 1. Jack 2. Alice and Ed 3. The Johnson children 4. Mrs Griffin 5. Mr and Mrs Keaton 6. Valerie 8. Mary and Sue The Gerund В английском языке существует целый ряд словосочетаний, в который входят глагольные формы с аффиксом -ing. Они объединяют в себе признаки глагола и существительного и называются герундием (gerund). На русский язык они могут переводиться неопределённой формой глагола (begin writing — начать писать) или именем существительным (finish reading — закончить чтение). Вот несколько примеров подобных словосочетаний: 87 I. Verb + V ing start/begin playing finish/stop reading love/like/hate singing keep coming enjoy dancing prefer sleeping look forward to going mind staying Go + V.. ing go boating go fishing go dancing go skiing go shopping go on writing Ф ■Q Choose the appropriate variants to make true sentences about yourself. 1) I started ... when I was fairly young. a) going to school b) reading books c) playing the piano d) other 2) When I do the sights of a new city, I enjoy ... . a) being alone b) sharing impressions with my friends c) taking pictures d) other 3) My favourite pastime is to go ... . a) dancing b) swimming c) shopping d) other 4) There’s nothing I like more than ... . a) reading a good novel b) watching a new film with my friends c) dancing at a disco d) other 5) I never mind^ ... . a) having an evening out b) staying at home for a quiet evening c) cooking for my family or friends d) other 6) When on holiday I prefer ... . a) going away from home b) going to some exotic places c) staying at home d) other to mind [maind] — возражать, иметь что-то против 88 с 3 г+ Ni 7) I have never gone ... . a) jogging b) fishing c) horse riding d) other 8) I certainly look forward to .... a) visiting some interesting place b) buying some new clothes c) getting a nice present d) other Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. Find out what your partner • prefers doing on Sunday morning and Saturday evening; • enjoys doing in different seasons; • loves and hates doing most of all; • never minds doing; • keeps doing all his/her life; • begins doing as soon as he/she comes home from school. You know the words in column A. Read the examples and say what the words in column В mean. A. courage invent investigate occasion reward lie B. courageous(ly) invention (inventive) investigation occasional(ly) rewarding lier 1) It was a courageous decision to fight to the end. 2) He courageously agreed to do the dangerous job. 3) What an inventive mind the child has! He always finds something to do and is never bored. 4) What are the greatest inventions in the history of mankind? 5) The investigation of the terrible crime is now in its second month. 6) They say we are going to have hot weather with occasional rains. 7) Our meeting was occasional. I hadn’t planned it. 8) They go to the theatre only very occasionally. 9) He found her work rewarding and really enjoyed doing it. 10) No one believed what Steve said as he had a reputation of a terrible lier. Word Building 1. Вы уже знаете, что при помощи суффикса -1у в английском языке могут образовываться прилагательные — lovely, sharply, womanly, ugly. Познакомьтесь ещё с группой слов, в составе которых есть этот суффикс: daily — ежедневный quarterly — ежеквартальный weekly — еженедельный Но: annu^ — ежегодный monthly — ежемесячный 2. В состав многих прилагательных современного английского языка входит суффикс -OUS, например: famous — известный; nervous — нервный; dangerous — опасный; religious- религиозный. 3. Целый ряд существительных образуется от глаголов при помощи суффикса -merit. develop + ment = development — развитие enjoy + ment = enjoyment — удовольствие entertain + ment = entertainment - развлечение A. Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right. 89 1) The weather showed signs of ... . 2) “October” used to be a ... magazine. 3) The article was written by an ... author. 4) They are investigating the ... disappearance of the minister. 5) We were impressed by his ... behaviour. 6) I know nothing of this .... 7) You must find out everything about his probable actions and ...s. 8) His ... words were hardly understandable. 9) Everybody is looking forward for our ... report. 10) She is in ... contact with her mother. improve month anonym mystery courage agree move nerve quarter day 1Л ■Q B. Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. Mr Fowles is a (1)... . He works for a (2)... newspaper “The Green World”. He is fairly (3) ... and there are a lot of (4) ... facts about numerous birds and plants in his articles. Mr Fowles collects (5) ... everywhere, sometimes in rather (6) ... places. People say his articles on (7)... problems are a real (8)... in journalism. journal, week fame interest inform danger ecology, achieve A. Match the parts of the text with their titles. There is one title you don't have to use. a) The Role of Journalists in the Society b) Personal Qualities of a Journalist c) Helping to Improve the Society d) The Beginnings e) Journalists and Officials Journalists and Journalism 1. Journalism has a long history. The first people who wrote down the news were Roman Senators in the 1st century BC. The first Roman papers were written out in more than 2000 copies and sent everywhere in the Empire^. They were also hung up in public places. People who could read called out the news to people who could not. For centuries news travelled very slowly and reached few people until the printing press was invent- empire [’empaia] — империя 90 с D r+ KJ ed in the 15th century. The first printed papers were published in Germany and Belgium in the early 17th century. 2. In most countries the press is taken very seriously. Journalists-to-be get special training in universities. Their duty is to inform the public of everything that happens in the country and abroad. Journalists are supposed to give fair comment on the events and are not supposed to change facts or tell lies. The stars of journalism are very well known to the public and have real influence. Some of them write about politics, others — about economy, culture, morals, sport or other things that interest people. Their articles may be reproduced in hundreds of local papers across the country. 3. Governments understood a special role of the press. The British Parliament, for example, invites journalists to its daily question time when MPs address questions to ministers. It has become a tradition in the USA, Russia and some other countries to hold presidential press conferences where presidents speak to the press and answer journalists’ questions. 4. Very often journalists do more than just reporting and commenting on events, they investigate crimes or produce evidence of corruption or bad behaviour of officials. Many things that are hidden away become known with the help of journalists. Journalism is a difficult and even dangerous profession. One should have a lot of tact as well as courage. But this profession is really rewarding. B. Listen to the text, (31), and read it aloud. Answer the questions about journalists and journalism. 1) When did the first newspaper appear? 2) How could people in the Roman Empire learn the news? 3) Why did the news travel slowly for many centuries? 4) How did the situation change in the early 17th century? 5) In what countries did the first printed papers appear? 6) How can a person become a journalist? 7) What are journalists supposed to give to the public in their reports? 8) Why do you think star journalists have real influence? 9) What is a special role of the press nowadays? 10) Why is it sometimes difficult and dangerous to be a journalist? DO IT ON YOUR OWN A. Find in the text "Journalist and Journalism" the English for the following. 1) Экземпляры (книг, газет, журналов); 2) их вывешивали в обш;ественных местах; 3) громко зачитывали (выкрикивали) новости; 4) печатный станок; 5) к прессе относятся очень серьёзно; 6) будуш;ие журналисты; 7) действительно имеют влияние; 8) некоторые из них пишут о политике; 9) могут перепечатываться (воспроизводиться) в сотнях местных газет по всей стране; 10) члены парламента; 11) коррупция и неправильное поведение официальных лиц; 12) многое из того, что скрыто В. Write 5—8 sentences with some of the word combinations above. Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. 91 Ф T3 Angela works for a (1) ... magazine. Her latest article is devoted to very (2)... sea birds — puffins. They live on (3)... islands in the North Sea. There are data about the (4) ... of their wings and the (5) ... of their bodies, the number of chicks they have and the information about their (6) ... and (7) .... A lot interesting facts about puffins can be found on the pages of this (8) ... magazine. locality usual distance wide, long develop, grow month Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the box. 1) To achieve good results people begin ... sports very early. 2) We’re planning to go ... on Saturday, there’s a good new supermarket just opened next door. Would you like to come with us to see what it is like? 3) My father often goes ... but rarely brings home anything good enough to eat. 4) We didn’t close the doors while visitors kept ... . 5) Would you like me to help? I don’t mind ... up at all. 6) I’m sure you’re looking forward to ... home. You must be missing your family. 7) The film was so interesting that we went on ... it after midnight. 8) Occasionally they went... to the local club where there was live music on Saturday nights. 9) I certainly prefer ... porridge instead of sandwiches in the morning. It’s much better for my stomach. 10) The girl enjoyed ... more than anything else in the world. Some of her pictures won prizes at art contests^ a contests ['kDnt3St] — конкурс 92 Get ready to speak about journalists and journalism. Follow this outline. 1) Early newspapers 2) Newspapers after the invention of the printing press 3) The role of the press nowadays • special place of journalism in the society • what journalists write about • investigating journalism 4) Journalism as a rewarding profession c о r+ step 8 DO IT TOGETHER A. Listen to the text about Joanne Rowling, Ф (32), and say which of the following facts are true, false or not stated in it. 1) Joanne Rowling began writing early. 2) When she was at school, she preferred mathematics to other school subjects. 3) Joanne enjoyed her year in Paris. 4) Joanne thought of writing about Harry Potter while she was on a train journey. 5) Rowling left the UK only once. 6) When Joanne and her little daughter lived in Scotland, they were rather poor. 7) Several publishers understood that the book would be a success as soon as they saw the manuscript. 8) Alice Newton’s interest in the book helped to publish it. 9) At first Barry Cunningham from Bloomsbury was not sure of the book’s success. 10) The book became a bestseller as soon as it was published. Joanne Rowling Harry and his friends Hogwards, the School of Wizardry^ B. Have you read any of the Harr them? What are your impressions? of the Harry Potter books? Have you seen any films based on essions? wizardry ['wizadri] — волшебство А. What do you know about Lewis Carroll? Share your information with the others. B. See if you can answer these three questions about Carroll: a) Was he a professional writer? b) Was Lewis Carroll his real name? c) Did he write both for children and for grown-ups? C Read the text to find out if you were right. 93 Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll was an unusual man who led three lives. One was the life of a mathematics don^ at Oxford University. He loved the subject he taught but his students found Carroll humourless and dry. In his second life he was a photographer, which was a rare hobby at that time. But he is best remembered as the author of the wonderful book that is read and enjoyed by children and grown-ups all over the world. The title of the book is “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”. It began in July 1862. A 30-year-old Oxford don, the Reverend^ Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (that is Lewis Carroll’s real name) took out a boat and together with his friend Robinson Duckworth and three little girls, the daughters of a university colleague ['kolrg], had a river trip. They had tea on the river bank before returning. It was not an unusual event in itself. But the result of that journey was most unusual because during that journey Dodgson told the story that so interested one of the little girls, called Alice, that she asked Dodgson to write it down for her. Thus Dodgson created one of the best loved and most interesting children’s books under the pen name Lewis Carroll (a Latinized transformation of his first two names). The book had great success. As soon as it was published, it became very popular. Together 180,000 copies were sold during Dodg-son’s lifetime. Nowadays it is difficult to find a child who doesn’t know the book and its characters. As a famous author, Lewis Carroll had a lot of friends. When he was invited to parties, he entertained children with stories, games and puzzles^. All through his life he enjoyed the company of children whom he loved and understood. He didn’t have a wife or his own children and often thought of himself as a lonely man. The history of literature remembers him as a one-book author. D. Write an outline of the text. Compare your outlines. Ф "D 00 ‘ don [don] — преподаватель университета, особенно в Оксфорде и Кембридже ^ Reverend ['revarond] — Преподобный г1 а puzzle [ рлх1] — загадка, ребус Work in pairs. Ask questions about Lewis Carroll and answer them. Find out: 94 c D Г+ hJ — when Lewis Carroll was born; — what his real name was; — which of his “three lives” was the most successful; — who asked him to write Alice’s story; — when and where it happened; — where his pen name comes from; — what speaks of the fact that Carroll’s book became popular during his lifetime; — how Carroll spent time with children. Divide the following words into those whose meanings are a) positive, b) negative, c) neutral. Say which of them can describe the book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". Unusual, successful, entertaining, occasional, moving, unreadable, terrible, courageous, unrealistic, brilliant, eventful, rewarding, terrific, boring, depressing, daily, general, powerful, unforgettable, exciting, inventive, humorous, modern. Speak about a book you have read. Follow the outline. 1) What is it (a novel, a play etc.)? 2) When was it written? 3) Who wrote it? 4) What is it about? 5) Who are the main characters and what are they like? 6) What impression did the book make on you? j№ta fZo ifaeUB- The Gerund Обратите внимание на использование конструкций с после глагола mind (возражать, иметь что-то против). Сравните две фразы: 1) I don't mind opening the door. 2) I don't mind your opening the door. В первом случае говорящий сообщает, что сам готов открыть дверь, а во втором разрешает другому человеку сделать это. Во втором случае современный английский язык допускает использование как притяжательных, так и личных местоимений в объектном падеже: She doesn't mind me/my doing it. Do you mind him/his coming late? We don't mind them/their joining us. Если в предложении используется не местоимение, а имя существительное, также возможны два варианта: Mother doesn't mind John/John's visiting us. They don't mind the girl/girl's speaking first. Say what these people are being asked to do. Example: The car looks very dirty. Do you mind washing the car? 1) The text must be read. 3) The plants need to be watered. 5) The homework has to be completed. 2) The woman wants to go home. 4) It’s too late to watch TV. t 6) The rain is getting in through the open window. ixloLtiU 7) They want to hear your song. 8) The word is written wrong. What do these people say? Example'. Ann wants to go to the disco. She would like to know if her mother will allow her to do it. Ann: Mum, do you mind me/my going to the disco? 1) There is no food in the fridge, so it is necessary to go shopping. Alice offers her help to her parents. Alice: ...? 95 1Л r+ n> ■O 00 96 с э 2) Helen wants to invite her new friend Sally to her house. She tries to find out if her parents are not against it. Helen: ...? 3) It is cold in the room. Simon asks Ted to close the window. Simon: ...? 4) Mrs Collins thinks that the room is too hot, but she is not sure that everyone will be happy if she opens the window. Mrs Collins: ...? 5) Granny wants to read “The People’s Friend”, a British story magazine. She asks Jean to buy her a copy. Granny: ...? 6) It’s time to take father’s suit from the cleaner’s. Maggie thinks her younger sister Mary can do it. She asks her father if it’s OK. M a g g i e: ...? 7) Duncan’s mother asks the boy to cut the grass in the garden. Mother: ...? 8) Mr Grant wants to know if his wife Lily wants to go to Greece for their holiday. Mr Grant: ...? 9) Kate asks if Ruby will agree to type some information into the computer for her. Kate: ...? 10) Doris is not sure that her friend Carol would like to join her and her friends for a tour of Ireland. Doris: ...? Idiomatic English Английский язык обладает развитой системой устойчивых словосочетаний, или идиом. При помощи целого ряда слов образуются яркие, красочные выражения, благодаря которым речь становится более выразительной. Одним из таких слов является существительное mind. 1) to be in two minds about something (doing something) — not to be certain about something or to have difficulty making a decision I'm In two minds about where to go for my holiday. 2) to bring/call something to mind — to make you remember something or somebody The newspaper article calls to mind the sad events of two years ago. 3) to change your mind about something — to change your decision or opinion What made you change your mind about coming with us? 4) to come to one's mind — to make somebody remember something or start thinking about it I wonder why this idea has never come to my mind. 5) to keep something in mind — to remember something, especially something that will be important in the future Keep me in mind if you need some help. 6) to be/go out of one's mind {informal) — to be/become crazy (insane) He must be out of his mind to believe all these lies. А. Think of how you can translate the idioms and examples from the Nota Bene into Russian. B. Decide which idioms with mind you can use in the following situations. 1) You’ve been offered a job, but you are not sure that you want it. 2) Somebody has mentioned the name of a very good book and you want to remember the name to be able to buy or borrow this book. 3) A scene in a film you watched reminded you of something that happened to you in your own childhood. 4) First you wanted to go out with your friends, but later you decided against it and stayed at home. 5) Your good friend has done a very silly thing. You say what you think of it openly. 6) You don’t know what to give your mother as a birthday present. Suddenly you have a brilliant idea. 97 fO •O 00 DO IT 01У YOUR OWN Write the same in English. Use the verb mind. 1) Ты не будешь возражать, если я скажу правду? 2) Не могли бы вы повторить свои слова? 3) Не могла бы ты приглядеть за моими сумками? 4) Ты не против, если Дорис присоединится к нам? 5) Ты не будешь против, если я открою окно? 6) Не можете ли вы говорить шёпотом? 7) Не можешь ли ты вернуться пораньше? 8) Ты не против помочь мне с покупками? 9) Не можешь ли ты приготовить обед? Complete the sentences with the noun mind. 1) Keep it in mind that... . 2) It never came to my mind that... . 3) My best friend and I are of the same mind about... . 4) The word “birthday” often calls to mind ... . 5) People must be out of their minds if they think that... . 6) I’ve never been in two minds about... . 7) I don’t think I’ll ever change my mind about... . Find in the text about Lewis Carroll (Ex. 2) equivalents for the following. 1) Carroll’s students thought he was too serious and not interesting. 2) His book is enjoyed everywhere in the world. 3) The daughters of a man who worked in the university with him. 4) It was a usual event. 5) The result of that journey was very special. 6) The little girl whose name was Alice. 7) Under the made-up name Lewis Carroll. 8) A child who doesn’t know the book and its heroes. 9) He loved spending time with children. 10) A writer who created only one important book. w Write an answer to your pen friend's letter. Answer his/her questions. The number of words in your letter should be 100—120. 98 c D "„.Гуе just finished reading "Aiice in Wonderland". A little late for my age, isn't it? I decided to do it after watching Tim Burton's film based on this book. Both the film and the boql|^fa^inated me. While reading I thought about the power of imagination some authors have. What kind of literature do you like? What are you reading now? Do you read any foreign literature?..." Step 9 Revision and Extension DO IT TOGETHER Listen to the dialogue, (33), and complete the sentences below. 1) Jane is reading a book of biographies by.... a) a well-known writer b) a Hollywood writer c) several writers 2) Anna says she .... a) never reads biographies b) seldom reads biographies c) often reads biographies 3) Jane says she doesn’t like Akunin .... a) and will never read his books b) but doesn’t mind reading something by him c) but thinks reading his novels is a good idea A. What are e-books? Have you ever used one? Do you think the future belongs to them? B. Read the text and match its paragraphs with the appropriate titles. One title you don't have to use. 1) They Have Become a Fact of Everybody’s Life 2) Why Some People Don’t Like Them 3) Why Some Readers Choose Them 4) The Future Belongs to Them 5) A New Electronic Invention E-books a) Electronic books, or e-books, are described in the Oxford Dictionary of English as printed books in electronic form, but in fact, e-books can be born digital, so they may not have a printed equivalent. E-books are usually read on e-book readers, personal computers and many mobile phones. b) Early e-books were generally used by limited audience interested in special subjects. However, nowadays e-books are becoming very popular with the general public. You can see more and more people reading e-books on public transport. Electronic textbooks are finding their way to classrooms, some libraries have begun giving out e-books to their readers. You can even buy e-books online. c) The advantages of e-books are clear. They don’t take as much space as printed books and your e-book collection won’t take up a lot of room and weight. An e-book may be readable in low light or even in darkness. Many new e-book readers read the text aloud to you, which may be important to people who can’t see well. Though an e-book reader is much more expensive than a paper book, the electronic texts are a lot cheaper. In fact, a great share of e-books online can be used free. The production of e-books doesn’t need paper so they are more ecologically friendly. d) At the same time using e-books may have some disadvantages. While printed books are readable for many years, e-books may need to be copied or adapted to new standards. Paper books can be bought for a present and some people may prefer to have a library of paper books at homo because they like the look and feel of them. An author who publishes a book often puts more into the work than just the words on the pages. Books with large pictures, for example, children’s books, look much better on paper. A printed book will never turn off or lose the data, its shelf life is much longer than the life of an e-book reader. As with any piece of technology, the reader must be protected from cold and hot temperatures, water etc. What kind of books — printed or electronic — will you choose for yourself and why? C. Answer the question asked in the text. 99 Ф •D VO Make a talk with your partner. You would like to buy an e-book reader and want your friend's advice. Ask him/her about • how long he has been using an e-book reader; • the advantages and disadvantages of e-books and e-book readers; • the probable price of an e-book reader. You begin the conversation. Remember to: • be active and polite; • ask questions and find out the information you need; • decide if you will buy an e-book reader. 100 с 3 г+ ISJ The British newspaper "Daily Mail" asks its readers questions about books. Read the questions, the answers of Marina Warner, a reader, and give your own answers. What book ...are you reading now? “The Apple Picker” by S.A. Hornby. The book is translated from Italian. It is about a strong lonely woman who works for a rich family and eventually gets mysterious power over them. The book begins with her death and develops through some characters who remember her all very differently. The book is really gripping. ...would you like to take to a desert island? Dante’s “Divine^ Comedy”. The book is dramatic and very emotional. It is also full of different knowledge. So on the island I will be able to travel to new worlds. ... gave you the reading bug^? Rider Haggard’s adventure stories. For example, “Morning Star” about the lost daughter of a Pharaoh^. I used to read them sitting on the floor in my bedroom and couldn’t put the book down. ... left you cold? When I was young, Alice in Wonderland^ but now I admire and love it and discover new things in it every time. It’s not really a book for children. Complete the dialogues. Use one/ones where possible and some where one/ones cannot be used. 1) A: What about a piece of cake? B: Oh, yes, thank you. But I’m trying to slim, so I’ll just have a small.... 2) A: Have you got any milk? B: Ido. A: Can I borrow ...? 3) A: Can you bring the cups from the kitchen? B: Certainly. Which ...? A: The new ... we bought yesterday. 4) A: How many apples are there in the fridge? B: I’m not sure. But there are certainly .... 5) A: Do you like the Beatles? B: Yes, I do. I like all their songs but “Yesterday” is my favourite .... 6) A: Can we use all the computers? B: Sorry, the ... on Alec’s desk doesn’t work. 7) A: Do you like Irish fairy tales and legends? B: I don’t think so. The ... I’ve read are too frightening in my opinion. ' divine [di'vain] — божественный ^ to give sb the reading bug — заразить любовью к чтению г| ^ Pharaoh [Теэгэи] — фараон Read the text and complete it with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. 101 -o Ш Not long ago I (1) ... reading “Endless Night” by Agatha Christie and (2) ... that I was fascinated by the story. I (3) ... to learn what I (4) ... about the author and (5)... out the following facts. A. Christie is known throughout the world as the Queen of Crime, the (6) ... crime story teller. Her first books (7) ... at the end of the First World War and immediately (8) ... a success. Hercule Poirot, a Belgian detective (9) ... by the author was very good at (10) ... mysteries. In fact he was not (11) ... than Sherlock Holmes himself. . begin understand try, can find good, appear become create solve bad Match the words in the two columns and complete the sentences below with the word combinations. A. 1) fail 2) pushed 3) call 4) whisper 5) investigate 6) pull 7) reward 8) invent 9) mumble 10) publish B. a) the athletes b) new medicines c) a trolley^ d) in my ear e) out his name f) to sell the vegetables g) your lines h) the crime i) his novel j) my bad tooth 1) I think the farmers will ... as the price they asked for them was too high. 2) She moved around the supermarket and ... with several boxes in it. 3) Edward said I couldn’t ... out myself. I should go to the dentist. 4) In my opinion we should ... for their victory in the championship. 5) Could I ask you not to ...? Speak clearly, please. 6) Don’t.... Can’t you say it outloud? 7) I don’t think we’ll be able to ... at the beginning of the year. 8) I’ll try to ... but I’m not sure he will be able to hear. 9) We all agreed that it is very difficult to ... . 10) The police officer says it is necessary to ... in the shortest possible time. a trolley ['tmli] — коляска для продуктов 102 с о Use the appropriate participle (I or II) of the verbs in brackets to make the sentences complete. 1) The children (fascinate) by the fairy tale asked her to continue reading. 2) The woman (sell) the newspapers is my aunt. 3) The police officers (investigate) the crime promised to find the criminal. 4) The student (call) out the names is in the third year. 5) Who is the lady (walk) in the opposite direction? 6) All the papers (type) yesterday are on your desk. 7) All the money (earn) this week will be sent to continue the building of our local church. 8) He is known as the author of only one novel (write) at the beginning of his career. 9) Teaching is a (reward) profession. 10) The new book of short stories by Alec Rogers (publish) last month failed to interest the readers. K) DO IT OIU YOUR OWN Use the prepositions from the box to complete the sentences. 1)1 would like to speak ... you ... private. 2) Could you, please, type this information ... the computer? 3) ... what price are you going to sell these old magazines? 4) He tried to pull the sofa ... from the wall but couldn’t. It was too heavy. 5) Do you read many magazines ... general? 6) I sold my old computer ... five thousand rubles. 7) The teacher stood near the blackboard calling ... the names of the students. 8) Their explanation sounded strange ... me. 9) Don’t whisper his telephone number ... my ear. I won’t remember it. 10) They are looking forward ... buying a new e-book reader. Match the titles with the appropriate works of literature. Consult your parents or friends in case you need to. 1) a novel 2) a play 3) a poem 4) a short story 5) a fairy tale 6) a fable 7) a sci-fi book 8) a legend a) “The Seagull” b) “Robin Hood and His Men” c) “War and Peace” d) “The Mystery of Planet Six” e) “Borodino” f) “Morozko” g) “lonich” h) “The Dragonfly and the Ant’ Write an answer to your pen friend's letter. Answer his/her questions. The number of words in your letter should be 100—120. )^u know I decided to begin collecting my home library. My friend Tim has a verypiq^ zbWtzXm of books. His ^roobportofs sforfsb iUppohy щьЛ Ш idsa. What do you think of collecting books at home? Have you or your friends got their own libraries at home? What kind of books do you and your friends collect? Revise the words and words combinations for Test 2. “D О author, article, call, cheer, cheerful, courage, courageous, earn, fail, failure, fascinate, fascinating, fascination, general, invent, invention, inventive, investigate, investigation, lie, lonely, mind, mumble, murmur, occasion, occasional(ly), print, private, publish, pull, push, quality, rare(ly), reward(ing), sell (sold, sold), source, strange(r), suppose, trash, type, unique, whisper to look after to look through to look for to look forward to doing sth to have fun (trouble, difficulty) doing sth • to have a good (hard) time doing sth to be in two minds to bring (call) sth to mind to change your mind about sth to come to one’s mind to keep sth in mind to be/go out of your mind 103 T3 Step 10 Test Yourself I. LISTENING Listen to four people speaking about their home libraries, (34), and match what they say with the following statements. One statement you don't have to use. a) This speaker uses books from his/her home library for education. b) This speaker thinks that there’s no place for classics in his/her home library. c) This speaker knows how many books he/she has in the home library. d) This speaker prefers books in the new format. e) This speaker doesn’t want to have a large library. Maximum result 5 Your result ? % 104 с D r+ N> II. READING Read the text and decide which facts given after it are true, false or not stated. Unique Publication The Encyclopedia [in,saikb'pi:di9] Britannica [bn'taenika] (Latin for British Encyclopedia) is a general knowledge English-language encyclopedia. It is one of the most famous publications of its kind and one of the oldest as well. It was first published in three volumes ['vnljuimz] or books between 1768 and 1771 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Since that time the encyclopedia has become much larger. First it included ten, then twenty and finally thirty-two volumes. The 32-volume publication was the last printed one. It came out in 2010. Now the publishers are focusing on its electronic form called Encyclopedia Britannica Online. The modern publications include about 40 million words on half a million subjects. A lot of libraries were and still are proud to have the Britannica. Throughout history, this encyclopedia has been giving its readers first-class educational material in every field of human knowledge. The earliest Britannica was published by its founders Andrew Bell, Archibald Constable and some others. Since that time the number of authors and contributors has grown dramatically and these days thousands of people write new articles and update* old ones. The contributors often come from other countries and include the world’s most respected experts ['eksp3:ts]. Till nowadays the reputation of Britannica has been unquestionable. Some people have devoted themselves to reading the whole Britannica, taking from three to 22 years to do so. When Fat’h Ali became the Shah of Persia [’рз:|э] in 1797, he was given the Britannica, which he read completely. After that he added to his royal title the following words: “Most Formidable^ Lord and Master of the Encyclopedia Britannica”. Writer George Bernard Show read nearly the whole of it (he was not interested in the science articles). Richard Byrd took the Britannica as reading material for his five-month stay at the South Pole in 1934, while Philip Beaver read it during a sailing expedition. 1) The Encyclopedia Britannica is the oldest world-famous source of information. 2) Mostly citizens from English-speaking countries take part in contributing articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica. 3) Fat’h Ali read all the articles in the Encyclopedia Britannica. 4) From the first publication up to these days the reputation of the Encyclopedia Britannica has been very high. 5) All libraries in Great Britain have the Encyclopedia Britannica. Maximum result 5 Your result ? ‘ to update [Ap'deit] — обновлять, приводить в соответствие с современными взглядами, нормами, фактами formidable ['foimidabl] — зд.\ внушающий уважение III. USE OF ENGLISH Use the appropriate participles to complete the sentences. 1) We had a hard time (climb) the hill with heavy backpacks. 2) (Say) in a whisper, the words couldn’t possibly reach the stranger’s ears. 3) It was an old (use) car, cheap and ugly but we were very proud of it. 4) They stopped in front of the (close) door: there was no way out of the house. 5) The noise (come) from the next room sounded like a baby crying. 6) The story (tell) by the boy was not easy to believe. 7) (Live) in the north, she kept thinking about the sunny beaches and the warm blue sea of the south. 8) I love this summer dress (make) by my mother. 9) The big tree (grow) opposite my window looks fantastic in early autumn. 10) The book (publish) last year has become an international bestseller. Maximum result 10 Your result ? 105 fO T3 Use the appropriate words to complete the sentences. 1) At the end of a school year pupils look (forward/through) to their summer holidays. 2) When will the new textbook be (printed/published) and appear in the shops? 3) We don’t often meet each other but (generally/occasionally) we do. 4) Even among her friends she felt (alone/lonely). 5) John tried hard to complete the job on time but (failed/failure). 6) I would like to discuss the problem with you in (private/general). I don’t think Dianna should know about it. 7) They had (fun/trouble) playing on the stage. Everybody enjoyed the performance. 8) In my opinion he (lied/lay) to you. 9) The (invention/investigation) of the Internet has changed the life of people. 10) I found the talk about Alice’s favourite books absolutely (fascinating/fascination). 11) He was looking (for/ after) a job as a builder. 12) The photos from the family album (kept/brought) the days of our life in Australia to mind. 13) A big dog was (pushing/pulling) a sledge with a child. Maximum result 13 Your result ? IV. SPEAKING Work with a partner. Imagine that one of you has come to a bookshop to buy a present for your 17-year-old cousin who likes modern literature, especially science fiction. You need the shop assistant's advice. Make a talk. Discuss: • the cousin’s tastes and interests; • the books on sale; • the best choice you can have. Remember to: • be active and polite; • ask and answer questions; • decide what book to buy/help to make the decision. Maximum result 10 Your result ? 106 с D NJ V- WRITING Write the same in English. 1) Автор статьи; 2) уникальный случай; 3) расследовать преступление; 4) быть в сомнении (нерешительности); 5) полный провал; 6) полезное изобретение; 7) смелое поведение; 8) говорить шёпотом; 9) с нетерпением ждать праздника; 10) зарабатывать деньги. Maximum result 10 Your result ? Count your results. Maximum result 53 Your result ? Total result Tasks 1—6 53 61 Personal letter 8 Your total result Tasks 1—6 ? ? Personal letter ? DO IT 01У YOUR OWiy Do project Work 2. Complete a page in your English Album. Write about one book which has become very special for you. Illustrate your story with pictures. Don't forget to think of an outline for your story before you write it. Ask your family and/or friends to help you if necessary. LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS be [bi:] was/were [wdz] [w3:] been [bi:n] быть become [Ьх'клт] became [bi'keim] become [bi'kAm] становиться, являться begin [bi'gin] began [bi'gaen] begun [bi'gAn] начинать blow [blau] blew [blu:] blown [blaun] дуть break [breik] broke [brauk] broken ['braukan] ломать bring [brig] brought [bra:t] brought [bro:t] приносить broadcast ['brD:dka:st] broadcast ['bra:dka:st]/ broadcasted ['bra:dka:stid] broadcast ['bro:dka:st]/ broadcasted ['bra:dka:stid] транслировать, передавать build [bild] built [bilt] built [bilt] строить burn [Ьз:п] burnt [Ьз:п1] burnt [b3:nt] жечь, гореть buy [bai] bought [ba:t] bought [ba:t] покупать can [kaen] could [kud] мочь catch [kae^] caught [ka:t] caught [ka:t] схватить choose [^u:z] chose [^auz] chosen ['^auzn] выбирать come [клт] came [keim] come [kAm] приходить cost [kost] cost [kost] cost [kost] стоить cut [kAt] cut [kAt] cut [kAt] резать dig [dig] dug [dAg] dug [dAg] копать do [du:] did [did] done [dAn] делать draw [dro:] drew [dru:] drawn [dra:n] рисовать; тащить dream [dri:m] dreamed/ dreamt [dremt] dreamed/ dreamt [dremt] мечтать drink [drigk] drank [draegk] drunk [drAgk] пить drive [draiv] drove [drauv] driven ['dnvn] водить {машину^ автобус и т. п.) eat [i:t] ate [et] eaten ['i:tn] есть fall [foil] fell [fel] fallen ['fa:lan] падать fight [fait] fought [fa:t] fought [fa:t] драться, сражаться find [faind] found [faund] found [faund] находить fly [flai] flew [flu:] flown [flaun] летать forget [fa'get] forgot [fa'got] forgotten [fa'gotn] забывать forgive [fa'giv] forgave [fa'geiv] forgiven [fa'givn] прощать 107 Продолжение табл. 108 get [get] got [got] got [got] получать give [giv] gave [geiv] given ['givn] давать go [дэи] went [went] gone [gon] идти, направляться grow [дгэи] grew [gru:] grown [дгэип] расти hang [haeq] hung [Ьлд] hung [Ьлд] вешать have [haev] had [haed] had [haed] иметь hear [hia] heard [ha:d] heard [hs:d] слышать hold [hould] held [held] held [held] держать keep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept] держать, содержать know [пэи] knew [nju:] known [пэип] знать lead [li:d] led [led] led [led] вести; руководить learn [h:n] learned/learnt [hint] learned/learnt [h:nt] учить leave [li:v] left [left] left [left] уезжать, покидать, оставлять let [let] let [let] let [let] позволять lie [lei] lay [lei] lain [lein] лежать lose [lu:z] lost [lost] lost [lost] терять make [meik] made [meid] made [meid] делать, изготовлять mean [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] значить, иметь в виду meet [mi:t] met [met] met [met] встречать put [put] put [put] put [put] класть read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] читать ride [raid] rode [roud] ridden ['ndn] ездить {верхом на лошадпу на велосипеде) ring [ng] rang [raeg] rung [глд] звонить rise [raiz] rose [f9Uz] risen ['rizn] вставать, подниматься run [глп] ran [raen] run [глп] бегать say [sei] said [sed] said [sed] сказать see [si:] saw [so:] seen [si:n] видеть sell [sel] sold [s9uld] sold [S9uld] продавать send [send] sent [sent] sent [sent] посылать Окончание табл. shake [Jeik] shook [juk] shaken [jeikan] трясти ski [ski:] skied [ski:d] skied [ski:d] кататься на лыжах speak [spi:k] spoke [spauk] spoken ['spaukan] говорить spell [spel] spelt [spelt] spelt [spelt] произносить по буквам spend [spend] spent [spent] spent [spent] тратить (деньги): проводить (время) stand [staend] stood [stud] stood [stud] стоять steal [still] stole [staul] stolen ['staulan] красть strike [straik] struck [strAk] struck [strAk] ударять, бить (о часах) swim [swim] swam [swaem] swum [swAm] плавать take [teik] took [tuk] taken ['teikan] брать teach [ti:^] taught [ta:t] taught [ta:t] учить, обучать tear [tea] tore [ta:] tore [ta:n] рвать tell [tel] told [tauld] told [tauld] сказать, рассказать think [Giqk] thought [0a:t] thought [0a:t] думать understand [Anda'staend] understood [Anda'stud] understood [Anda'stud] понимать wear [wea] wore [wd:] worn [warn] носить, быть одетым win [win] won [wAn] won [wAn] выигрывать write [rait] wrote [raut] written ['ritn] писать 109 Вопросы для самооценки 110 1. Какие из разделов учебника оказались самыми сложными? Как вы думаете, почему? 2. В каких грамматических явлениях вы допустили ошибки? 3. Какая лексика требует дальнейшей отработки? 4. Что могло бы вам помочь лучше справиться с заданиями по говорению? Письму? 5. Приходилось ли вам при выполнении заданий обращаться за дополнительной помощью к своему учителю? Родителям? В каких случаях? 6. Использовали ли вы при выполнении заданий дополнительные ресурсы: справочники, Интернет? 7. Насколько вы довольны своими результатами? Internet Resources En.wikipedia.org Ru.wikipedia.org Britishmuseum.org Kreml.ru Louvre.fr Metmuseum.org Museodelprado.es Muzei-mira.com Sitekid.ru Edukids.narod.ru WWW. bbc. CO. uk/learning/sub j ects/english. stml WWW. l-language. com www.english-at-home.com WWW. many things. org 111 Contents 112 Book Guide.................................................... 3 Unit I. Mass Media: Radio, Television, the Internet Step 1............................................... 5 Step 2.............................................. 11 Step 3.............................................. 16 Step 4.............................................. 21 Step 5.............................................. 26 Step 6.............................................. 31 Step 7.............................................. 35 Step 8.............................................. 40 Step 9 Revision and Extension............................... 45 Step 10 Test Yourself................................ 49 Unit 2. The Printed Page: Books, Magazines, Newspapers Step 1.............................................. 53 Step 2.............................................. 59 Step 3.............................................. 63 Step 4.............................................. 69 Step 5.............................................. 75 Step 6.............................................. 80 Step 7.............................................. 85 Step 8.............................................. 92 Step 9 Revision and Extension............................... 98 Step 10 Test Yourself............................... 103 List of Irregular Verbs..................................... 107 Вопросы для самооценки...................................... 110 Internet Resources.......................................... Ill ВЕРТИКАЛЬ Учебник рекомендован Министерством образования и науки РФ К каждому курсу выпускаются рабочая программа Учебно-методический комплекс о. в. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 5 класс о. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 6 класс О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 7 класс учебник рабочая тетрадь для учащихся электронное приложение на drofa.ru и аудиоприложение книга для учителя диагностика результатов образования о. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 8 класс лексико-грамматическии практикум о. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 9 класс методическая поддержка на www.drofa.ru ISBN 978-5-358-11044-1 9 785358 110441 # орофа