Учебник Английский язык 8 класс Афанасьева Михеева Баранова часть 1

о. в. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова гос АНГЛИЙСКИЙ язык о. в. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова гос АНГЛИЙСКИЙ язык Учебник в двух частях. Часть 1 Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации ВЕРТИКАЛЬ МОСКВА 2014 УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2Англ-922 А94 Условное обозначение: — предлагаемое задание имеет экзаменационный формат Афанасьева, О. В. А94 Английский язык. 8 кл. : в 2 ч. Ч. 1 : учебник / О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова. — М. : Дрофа, 2014. — 96 с. : ил. — (Rainbow English). ISBN 978-5-358-11043-4 (ч. 1) ISBN 978-5-358-14044-8 Учебник, созданный известными специалистами в области преподгшания английского языка, является основным компонентом учебно-методического комплекса для 8 класса. Учебник соответствует Федеральному государственному образовательному стандарту основного общего образования и рекомендован Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации. УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2АНГЛ-922 Серия «Rainbow English» Учебное издание Афанасьева Ольга Васильевна Михеева Ирина Владимировна Баранова Ксения Михайловна АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 8 класс. В двух частях. Часть 1 Учебник Зав. редакцией Л. Г. Беликова. Редактор Л. Г. Беликова Художественный редактор Л. П. Копачева. Художник А. В. Лебедев Компьютерная верстка М. М. Яровицкал. Корректор Г. Н, Кузьмина в соответствии с Федеральным законом от 29.12.2010 г. № 436-ФЗ знак информационной продукции на данное издание не ставится Сертификат соответствия № РОСС RU. АЕ51. Н 16508. Подписано к печати 28.05.14. Формат 60 х 90 Vs-Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура «Школьная». Печать офсетная. Уел. неч. л. 12,0. Тираж 7000 экз. Заказ № 14-01300. ООО «ДРОФА». 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2. Предложения и замечания по содержанию и оформлению книги просим направлять в редакцию общего образования издательства «Дрофа»: 127254, Москва, а/я 19. Тел.: (495) 795-05-41. E-mail: [email protected] По вопросам приобретения продукции и.здательства «Дрофа» обращаться по адресу: 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2. Тел.: (495) 795-05-50, 795-05-51. Факс: (495) 795-05-52. Сайт ООО «ДРОФА»: www.drofa.ru Электронная почта: [email protected] Тел.: 8-800-200-05-50 (звонок по России бесплатный) ч^ТММ PRINT S. г. о. {1редставительство типографи TNM PRINT s.r.o., 11овэ Месго 14 Хлумец над Цидлиной 503 53 Чешская Республика www.tnm.cz • mail.: [email protected] тел.: *420 495 480 878 России: ООО «ИНО ПРЕСС». Тел.: -7 (499) 392 0015 ISBN 978-5-358-11043-4 (ч. 1) ISBN 978-5-358-14044-8 ООО «ДРОФА», 2014 Book Guide UNIT 1. Sport and Outdoor Activities (Textbook, pages 5—49) Talking Points 1. Holidays at home and abroad 2. Sports activities and games 3. Sport and health 4. Winter and summer sports 5. Sportswear and sports equipment 6. Ancient and modern Olympics 7. Famous athletes and trainers 8. Paralympic games Grammar Points 1. Construction used to to describe past events 2. Comparative degree of the adverb little 3. Constructions the more... the more, the longer... the more, the more... the less, etc 4. Past perfect (general information) 5. Past perfect in time clauses (with prepositions after, before, as soon as) Vocabulary Points 1. Words for the talking points 2. Prepositions with the noun field 3. The noun sport and collocations with it — to do sport{s), to go in for sport(s) 4. The function word else and combinations with it — who else, what else, or else, etc 5. Word building: the suffixes -ic, -al, -leal to form adjectives 6. Phrasal verbs: to end in, to end with, to end up 7. Words to make proposals, accept or refuse them Culture and History 1. Sports in Britain 2. Sports in Russia 3. History of the Olympic games Consolidation and Extension (Textbook, Step 8, pages 36—41) Workbook 8; Unit 1 Revision (Textbook, Step 9, pages 41—46) Test Yourself (Textbook, Step 10, pages 46—49) Project Work 1 (Textbook, page 49) UNIT 2. Performing Arts: Theatre (Textbook, pages 50—95) Talking Points 1. The history of entertainment 2. Theatre in ancient times 3. Describing a theatre 4. Buying theatre tickets 5. Visiting theatre 6. Shakespeare's plays 7. The pantomime Grammar Points 1. Past perfect and past simple In clauses with prepositions after and before 2. Past simple to describe a succession of actions in the past 3. Reported speech, sequence of tenses CO r+ ro ■O г+ ф ■D Vocabulary Points Culture and History 1. Words for talking points 2. Verbs to introduce reported speech 3. The noun ticket and prepositions with it 4. Prepositions with nouns denoting places in the theatre 5. Lexical changes depending on the sequence of tenses 6. Time words in narration 7. Word building: suffixes -ance, -ence, -ist to form nouns 8. Phrasal verbs: hold on, hold on to, hold out, hold up 9. Confusable English: like versus alike; at the end versus in the end 1. History of theatre 2. William Shakespeare, the famous English playwright 3. Theatre in England in the 16th—17th centuries 4. The Globe Theatre in the 17th century and nowadays 5. Famous Russian theatres Consolidation and Extension (Textbook, Step 8, pages 82—86) Workbook 8: Unit 2 Revision (Textbook, Step 9, pages 87—92) Test Yourself (Textbook, Step 10, pages 92—95) Project Work 2 (Textbook, page 95) Sport and Outdoor Activities step 1 DO IT TOGETHER Answer the questions about your summer. 1) Did you stay at home or go away for your holidays? Where did you go? 2) Did you travel in summer? To what places? 3) What was the weather like in June, July and August? 4) Where did you stay in summer? Was it a hotel? a summer house? a summer camp? some other place? 5) What new and interesting things did you see or learn? 6) Did you play games? Did you do sports? What games and sports? 7) Did you really enjoy your school holidays? What went wrong? What was good about them? Listen to four people speaking about their holidays, ^ (1). Match the statements below (a—e) and the words of the speakers (1—4). There is one statement you don't have to use. a) The speaker says he spent his holiday together with his relative. b) The speaker says he went abroad during his summer holidays. c) The speaker says he began to like the Black Sea fauna. d) The speaker says he learnt a lot of new things about the Black Sea fauna. e) The speaker says that during his holiday he saw some ancient Russian buildings. There are a lot of different kinds of holidays. Which kind do you prefer and why? a) lazy holidays at home b) seaside holidays (a holiday near the sea) c) family holidays in the country d) activity holidays (travelling in the country) e) camping holidays f) package holidays (holidays which travel agencies organize for you) Ln r+ Ф ■D А. Read the title and answer the question it asks, then read the text to see how close it is to what you said. How Do Russians Spend Their Holidays? CO a> ■D Statistics show that every second Russian spends summer holidays at home or stays at the dacha. Some people travel inside Russia on holidays. Others go to the country’s Black Sea resorts. The number of people travelling abroad is not very big, only about five per cent. Half of the people say that they are not often happy with their holidays because they can’t spend them at the place they want or don’t have enough time or money for good holidays. Younger people have a tendency to spend their holidays in foreign countries, while older people prefer the Black Sea beaches or stay at home. Most people organize their holidays themselves and only 22 per cent go to travel agencies ['aec^ansiz]. During their holidays people prefer to go out on excursions [ik'sksijnz] or laze about on the beach. Some Russians prefer activity holidays. They may go backpacking to the mountains, stay in a tent for a day or two or even for a week, sing songs around a campfire. Every fourth Russian likes backpacking and camping holidays. Russian schoolchildren have three months summer holidays. B. The marked words may be new to you. Do you understand what they mean? What helped you to understand them: a) the way they look and sound, b) the context in which you found them? c) both. в английском языке существует конструкция used to, используемая чтобы рассказать о событиях, которые происходили в прошлом, однако в настоящее время не происходят. I don't skate now but I used to skate a lot when I was a child. — Сейчас я не катаюсь на коньках, но я много катался, когда был ребёнком. When my granny was younger, she used to travel to different places of our country in summer. — Когда моя бабушка была моложе, летом она много путешествовала по нашей стране. Вопросы и отрицания с данной конструкцией образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола did; Did you use to work here? We didn't use to read books about dinosaurs. Обратите внимание на то, что после этой конструкции обычно употребляется инфинитив, но в некоторых случаях он опускается, при этом частица to остаётся. I don't play the piano now, but I used to (do it). сл Г+ П) •D Mr Wilson is a very old man. Say what he used to do when he was a young boy. Begin like this: When a young boy, Mr Wilson used to... 8 СП r+ О) ■D Say how things happened some time ago and how they happen now. Example: light their streets and houses with gas/use electricity Some time ago people used to light their streets and houses with gas but now they use electricity. 1) travel on horseback/travel by car, train or bus 2) wash things by hand/wash things in washing machines [mo'Jiinz] 3) write letters/send e-mails 4) write books by hand/print^ books 5) read more books/watch a lot of television 6) have big families with a lot of children/have smaller families 7) die early/live longer lives 8) walk upstairs and downstairs/use lifts A. Read the words in the box and say which of them are the names of games and which are the names of sports. athletics, football, tennis, gymnastics, cross-country skiing, skating, volleyball, judo, karate, basketball, ping-pong, horse riding, boxing 1. B. Listen, ^ (2), and match the names of sports and games with the pictures. a) windsurfing b) golf c) (ice) hockey d) rugby e) ski jumping f) surfing g) weightlifting h) water polo 4. 6. 8. to print [print] — печатать DO IT ОП1 YOUR OWN Write 7 sentences about what you, your relatives or friends used to do but don't do anymore. Example: My sister used to get up late but she doesn’t any longer. to take long walks, to live in the country, to go to the cinema, to watch television a lot, to work in the garden, to collect pictures, to write poems, to work on the computer, to read at night, to dance, to drive a car, other Write the words in two columns: a) nouns, b) verbs. athletics, surf, gymnastics, trainer, cycle, ride, skating rink, competition, swim, sportsman, organize, laze cn r+ rD “O NJ Spell these words. 1) [’hoki] 3) ['windssifip] 2) ['глдЫ] 4) ['weit.hftiq] 5) [‘s3:fm] 6) [golf] 7) ['wa:t9 ,рэо1эи] 8) ['c^u:d9u] Get ready to speak about your summer holidays. To make your story more logical first write an outline of your story. Step 2 DO IT TOGETHER ■Fa Listen, ^ (3), and say which of the facts below are true, false or not stated. 1) Muhammad Ali is a famous boxer. 2) He has 9 children. 3) He doesn’t like the idea of women boxers. 4) People were very interested in Laila’s first fight. 5) Muhammad Ali came to see his daughter’s first fight. 6) April Fowler was Laila’s opponent during her first fight. 7) Laila’s first fight lasted less than a minute. 8) Laila has a talent for boxing. Ln r+ Ф ■О м Сравнительной формой от наречия little является слово less — меньше: Now I sleep less than I used to. В английском языке часто встречаются конструкции the more... the more, the longer... the more, the longer... the less, the more... the less etc. Обратите внимание на употребление в них сравнительной степени прилагательных и наречий с определённым артиклем. The more people you know, the less time you have to see them. — Чем больше людей ты знаешь, тем меньше времени у тебя на то, чтобы видеться с ними. The longer I stay in Moscow, the more I love the city. — Чем дольше я живу в Москве, тем больше я люблю этот город. Say the same in Russian. A. 1) The more ecological organizations we have, the better. 2) The more people you meet, the more friends you get. 3) The fewer mistakes you make in your tests, the better mark you get. 4) The less we destroy our planet, the happier we will be. 5) The kinder you are to your pets, the more they love you. 6) The more you speak English, the better you do it. 7) The stronger you are, the better you play football. 8) The more you watch television, the less time you have for reading. 9) The more trees we plant, the cleaner the air we breathe. 10) The longer I collect badges, the more interesting it becomes. B. The more we learn, the more we know. The more we know, the more we forget. The more we forget, the less we know. Then why study? Listen, A. (4), and read. advantage [od'vamticfe] — преимущество climb [klaim] — лазить, подниматься excited [ik'saitid] — возбуждённый, взволнованный race [reis] — состязание в беге, в скорости; гонки score [sko:] — выиграть очко, забить гол taste [teist] — вкус team — команда though [бэи] — хотя В. advantage: ап advantage, а great advantage, to give an advantage, to get an advantage, to have an advantage over somebody. Quick thinking is an advantage in many professions. What gives Alice an advantage over the other students? climb: to climb a mountain, to climb the tree, to go climbing. The little train slowly climbed the mountainside. excited: to be excited about something. The excited children were opening their presents. Everyone was excited about the trip to the mountains. race: a difficult race, famous motor races. Horse races can be very interesting to watch. score: to score a point (some points), to score a goal (some goals). I scored twenty goals in the game. Who scored the goal in the first half? taste: a sweet taste, a salty taste, not to everyone’s taste. I love the taste of chocolate. The new film was not to everyone’s taste, team: a hockey team, the school’s football team, to be in a team, to play for a team, a team member. Jack would like to play for the school’s basketball team. though: Though the weather was cold, we enjoyed our walk. The text was interesting, though I didn’t quite understand some parts of it. 11 LT) r+ П) ■a NJ Complete the sentences with the new words. 1) My friend is very good at cycling, lately he’s won an important ... . 2) In the second half our players ... two goals and won the game. 3) A ... of scientists made a very important discovery in physics. 4) I was late for school, ... I got up early. 5) Being tall is an ... for a basketball player. 6) The wall was high and it was not easy to ... over it. 7) The fans^ were ... after the final game. 8) Among many shirts I couldn’t find one to my ... . What do these words mean? Give the Russian for the sentences which follow. A. B. a race — to race a taste — to taste to climb — a climb to score — a score excited — to excite — excitement 1) I can race you to that oak tree. 2) Taste the soup to see if there is enough salt in it. 3) Their climb of the hill took an hour. 4) The final score was 5 to 4. 5) The team’s great play excited the fans. 6) We could hardly sleep because of our excitement about starting the trip tomorrow. A. Read the text and decide, which of these titles is the best for it. a) Sport and People b) Popular Sports c) Sport and Health Sport is one of the most popular pastimes all over the world. Though a lot of people don’t go in for sport themselves, they watch sports programmes on television, support their teams at stadiums ['steidiomz]. But ^ a fan [faen] — болельщик 12 r+ о ■о NJ many people, young and old, do different kinds of sport. Some sports are common, others are not. It is difficult to find a person who has not heard about figure ['figa] skating, long or high jump, water skiing, weightlifting, such team games as basketball, hockey or water polo or such athletics as running and jumping. At the same time there are sports and games that are less common, for example motor racing, rock climbing and parachute ['pasraju:t] jumping are not to everyone’s taste. Going in for sport gives you a lot of advantages. It gives you physical [’fizikl] exercise, you spend a lot of time in the open air, you meet people who enjoy the same sport. Just think of the excitement of the moment when your favourite footballer scores a goal at the last moment of the match. B. Look at the pictures (1—12) and match them with the names of sports and games from the text (a — I). Say which of them are sports and which are games. a) hockey b) running c) long jump d) high jump e) basketball f) water skiing g) figure skating h) motor racing i) rock climbing j) parachute jumping k) water polo l) weightlifting 1. 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. to го ■о Ы 10. 11. 12. Read the text again and say which information is not in it. 1) Sport is an activity that most people know and enjoy. 2) The most popular sports in England. 3) Some sports are more popular than others. 4) Sports that are more dangerous than others. 5) Why people go in for sport. 6) Some of the best-known athletes. DO IT 01У YOUR OWN Match the two parts of the sentences and write them down. 1) Though the climb was long and hard, 2) The fruit looked beautiful and juicy, 3) Though the team had some advantages at the beginning, 4) A lot of people love sport, 5) Though everyone was excited about the gifts, 6) They scored 38 points and won the game, 7) Though no one believed it. a) we decided not to open the boxes until morning. b) finally it lost the game. c) though not all go to the stadiums to watch competitions. d) though they were a new team. e) nobody said a word. f) the horse won the race. g) though its taste was unusual. 14 Ln r+ П) T3 Ui Complete the sentences with used to + verb. 1) My little baby sister doesn’t cry much now, but she ... every night a month ago. 2) Ben Wilson ... in London, but now he is living in Glasgow. 3) Fanny ... a lot of sweets, but now she is on a diet. She has stopped eating sweet things. 4) Tom ... tennis a lot, but now his studies don’t give him much time to play tennis. 5) Jack ... race bikes, but now he hasn’t got time to do it. Write five true sentences. 1) The more time I spend with my friends, ... . 2) The longer I learn English, ... . 3) The older I get, ... . 4) The more I think about the future, ... . 5) The better I understand life, ... . Write these word combinations in English. 1) Преимущество над нашей командой; 2) подниматься в гору; 3) взволнованные дети; 4) забить гол; 5) скачки; 6) бега; 7) быть взволнованным по поводу поездки; 8) знаменитые автогонки; 9) на любой вкус; 10) хоккейная команда; 11) наше волнение по поводу соревнований. Step 3 DO IT TOGETHER ^Ас Listen, ^ (5), and say which facts are true, false or not stated. 1) The speaker likes only skating. 2) The speaker can’t forget his first skating rink. 3) The speaker used to live in the north of Europe. 4) The speaker lived in Florida for 15 years. 5) The speaker likes skating even more now that he lives in Canada. Answer the questions. 1) What traditional Russian games do you know? 2) What sports and games are most popular in Russia now? 3) What sports are new or uncommon in this country? 4) What summer and winter sports do you know? 5) What sports do you enjoy most? Why? 6) What famous Russian and foreign athletes do you know? In what sports did they become famous? 7) What sports are the most dangerous and the least dangerous? 8) What water sports do you know? 9) What team games do teenagers^ usually play in Russian schools? 10) Why is it necessary for teenagers to go in for sport? 11) Are there enough stadiums, gyms and swimming pools in the place where you live? 12) What can local and national governments do to make sports more popular? In what sports do they use them? 1) balls: big balls, smaller balls 2) skates 3) rackets 4) racing cars 5) horses 15 V/» r+ 0) и Ы Слово sport означает спортивную деятельность в самом широком смысле, в этом значении существительное sport является неисчисляемым. Do you like sport? Going in for sport is very good for children. у слова sport есть и другое значение — «вид спорта». В этом значении оно исчисляемое. Football is а popular sport. Basketball has always been one of school sports. В функции определения перед существительным всегда используйте форму sports: sports jacket, sports club, sports news. Обратите внимание на то, с какими глаголами сочетаются названия различных видов спорта, ^ (б). do (виды спорта) go (виды спорта или то, чем занимаешься на досуге для удовольствия) play (спортивные игры) aerobics [ea'raubiks] athletics gymnastics judo boxing the high/long jump weightlifting yoga ['jsuga] cycling fishing mountaineering [,таипп'шэг11\]1 riding skateboarding rock climbing skating skiing badminton baseball football golf hockey basketball rugby tennis По-английски правильно сказать: I do sport(s). I play sport(s). I go in for sport(s). a teenager [ ti:n'ei(^9] — подросток Say what sports these teenagers do, play or go in for. 16 un r+ 0) ■O Ы 3) Bob 8) William Match the parts of the sentences. 1) The more fruit and vegetables we eat, 2) The warmer and wetter the climate, 3) The more water we waste, 4) The more people travel, 5) The longer you stay in the hot sun, 6) The friendlier you are, 7) The more we watched the game, 8) The more we know about English speaking countries, 9) The more we study the history of people, 10) The more paper we use. a) the more they learn about the world. b) the more people like you. c) the more interesting it is to learn the language. d) the better plants grow. e) the worse it is for the planet. f) the healthier we are. g) the more trees we have to cut down. h) the less we believed our team could win. i) the more interesting facts we learn. j) the more dangerous for you it is. A. Which sports could you name traditionally British? Read the text to see if you are right. B. Complete the text with the following words and word combinations. Listen and check, ^ (7). a) in summer b) (August to May) c) was playing football d) the rules of games e) eighty thousand fans f) abroad Sports in Britain 17 tn r+ П) T3 w There are not so many British athletes who are successful in world sports competitions. But Britain has been good at inventing sports and writing (1) ... . People started playing golf in Scotland in the fifteenth century. Cricket is only a little younger. They first played it in England in the sixteenth century. Such games as football, rugby and hockey appeared in British public schools* in the nineteenth century. British most popular sport is football. During the football season (2) ... professional footballers play a lot of matches at home and (3) ... . About 20 million people go to football matches every year. The most interesting games are often between teams from the same city, for example Manchester United [jur'naitid] and Manchester City. The most important game of the football season is the Cup Final in London. (4) ... come to Wembley Stadium to support their teams. Cricket is popular in England but not so much as in Scotland or in Wales. They play it (5) ... . Rugby is a kind of football in which players take the ball in their hands and run with it. They say that rugby takes its name from Rugby School in England. In 1823, a boy who (6) ... at the school took the ball and ran with it. That was the beginning of a new game. Work in pairs. Read the dialogue, then make up similar dialogues about your favourite sport. Tom: Do you like sport. Bob? Bob: I think I do. I watch all important football matches on TV and sometimes I go to the stadium with my parents or my friends. Tom: I see. But do you do any sport yourself? Bob: I do, but not regularly. In summer I swim a lot, but I can’t say it’s my favourite sport. I like skiing more, but that’s a winter sport. I play hockey and go skating too. the World Cup public schools — престижные частные школы в Британии DO IT ON YOUR OWiy 18 Write the names of these sports and games. 1) The sport of one who swims; 2) the sport of going on horseback; 3) the game with two teams of 6 players each who play on an ice field; 4) the sport of fighting with fists^; 5) the game for two people who use rackets, a small ball and a low net; 6) the sport of climbing mountains; 7) the sport which is a type of skating in which you have to jump and move round the ice. tn гЧ* ro ■D 4:^ Write which of these sports/games 1) you do/don’t do; 2) you go in for/don’t go in for; 3) you play/don’t play. 1. aerobics, athletics, weightlifting 2. cycling, mountaineering, rock climbing 3. rugby, baseball, basketball Spell these words. 1) [0D:t] 3) [ti:m] 5) [ik'saitid] 2) [reis] 4) [sko:] 6) [ad уатЬф] 7) [teist] 8) [klaim] Get ready to give a talk about the sport you like/liked to do or the game you like/liked to play. Don't forget to write an outline of your story first. Step 4 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, ^ (8), and match the statements below (a—f) with what the speakers (1—5) say. There is one statement you don't have to use. a) The speaker says he is not a sportsman. b) The speaker says he likes only team sports. c) The speaker says his favourite sport is not for women. d) The speaker talks about the history of his favourite sport. e) The speaker says his relative is a sportsman. f) The speaker says that in the past he took part in competitions and was a winner more than once. You can paraphrase^ some of these sentences with used to. Which are they? Paraphrase them. 1) Helen did aerobics at the university but doesn’t do it any more. 2) Chris is fond of mountaineering. Every summer he spends in the mountains together with his friends. He did the same when he was a teenager. ^ a fist [fist] — кулак 2 to paraphrase ['paersfreizj — перефразировать 3) Wendy stopped playing baseball when she was 18. But she played the game for about ten years. 4) Henry often played hockey but he can’t do it now. Henry has broken his leg and is in hospital. 5) Jerry was a champion in high jumping competitions last year. Now, he is spending a lot of time at the stadium getting ready for this year competitions. 6) Though Andrew Morris is seventy he still cycles a lot. When he was young, he cycled too. 7) Brian did weightlifting and boxing in the past. But he can’t do them now because of his backache. 8) My granny tells me she did yoga when she was a young girl. But it’s difficult to believe her as she never does it now. Look at these items of sportswear^ and say doing what sports or playing what games you can use them. The words from the box can help you. 19 и swimsuit and swimming trunks, trainers (sneakers AmE), a sports jacket, jumper (sweater AmE), shorts, knee-length (knee-high) socks, a ski cap and a ski suit, mittens and gloves, a T-shirt, a scarf Example'. Women wear swimsuits while swimming. ^ sportswear ['spoitswea] — спортивная одежда и обувь 20 un r+ Ф "O A. The words team and crew [kru:] are synonyms and mean команда in Russian. Compare the word combinations with team and crew and try to make a rule about how to use these words. team a football team a basketball team a team of four horses an office team crew a ship crew a boat crew a plane crew a spaceship crew B. Complete these sentences with crew or team. 1) The people working on a ship or a plane are a ... . 2) A ... of doctors arrived at a small African place. 3) Our television ... includes three women. 4) Her voyage was very nice with the ship ... so friendly. 5) How many people are there in the spaceship ... ? 6) The water polo ... showed very good results. 7) During the fire the plane ... were really brave! 8) I think our school basketball ... is better than yours. A. What do you know about the Olympic Games in Ancient Greece? Read the text to check yourselves. Ancient Olympics Probably the greatest honour^ that can come to an athlete is to win gold at the Olympic Games. But did you know that the idea of having Olympic Games is more than 2,500 years old? A Greek legend says that it was Hercules ['h3:kjuli:z], son of Zeus [zju:s], who started Olympic Games. The earliest Olympic records ['rekoidz] we know about go back to the year 776 BC. The Greeks had the Games once in every four years for more than 1,000 years, until the Romans stopped them in 394 AD. The ancient Greeks believed the Games so important that they measured^ time by them. They called the four years an Olympiad. The Games were an example of the Greek idea that people should develop their bodies as well as brains. Nothing was serious enough to stand in the way of the Games. If a war was going on in the country, they stopped the war, not the Games. ^ honour [Ъпэ] — честь ^ to measure ['тезэ] — измерять The ancient Olympics had only one athletic competition — a running race of about 183 metres (the length of the stadium). Only men could take part in the Games. The powerful Spartans changed the programme and included more sports in it. The winners of the Games became heroes ['hiarouz] in the country. B. Read the text again and make up questions to match the answers. Answers 1) More than 2,500 years old. 2) In Ancient Greece. 3) Every four years. 4) The Romans did. 5) To develop their bodies 6) It was a running race. 7) No, they didn’t. 8) The winners did. 21 r+ Ф •Q В английском языке есть ещё одно грамматическое время из группы прошедших времён — past perfect (прошедшее совершённое время). Оно строится по формуле had + V3: I had written... Не had spent... We had met... She had done... It had eaten... They had fallen. I had opened... You had closed... We had travelled... Данное время используется для обозначения действия, которое произошло (закончилось) до определённого момента в прошлом: I had done my flat by 3 o'clock. I had done my flat by the time mother came back. Как видно из примеров, время указывается при помощи слова. предложения с предлогом by. При употребляется время past simple: Kate had made supper by the time they arrived завершения действия словосочетания или этом в придаточном в прошлом придаточного предложении 22 r+ 0) ■о Look at the pictures and say what they had done by four o'clock yesterday. Example’. Rose had written a letter by four o’clock yesterday. Rose Mrs Rogers Ann and Jane Mrs Brown Max Wood Henry Kelly Hudson Say what these people had done by the time it started raining. Example’. Mr Robinson/to put his car into the garage. Mr Robinson had put his car into the garage by the time it started raining. 1) Larry/to leave his office 2) Bobby/to get on a bus 3) Mr Newman/to come into the shop 4) The Trembles/to finish supper 5) Jane/to send an e-mail to her friend 6) Lizzy/to buy a new swimsuit 7) Mrs Mole/to start working in the garden 8) Sharon/to clean the windows 9) Rose/to drive home 10) The Wilsons/to spend an hour in the park DO IT ОП1 YOUR OWIVI Write what you had done yesterday: a) by the time your parent(s) came back home b) by the time supper was ready c) by 6 p.m. d) by the time you came back from school e) by bed time Use the right words to complete the sentences. 1) It’s a great (advantage/disadvantage) to be short if you play basketball. 2) The cyclists (appeared/disappeared) in the wood and we never saw them again. 3) Please try to be more (careful/careless) while doing sports, some of them may be dangerous. 4) The drink was rather (tasty/ tasteless) and the children didn’t like it. 5) This horse is quite (harm-ful/harmless), don’t be afraid of it. 6) Mark is a very (honest/dishonest) man, he never tells lies. 7) Breaking your arm or leg is always (painful/ painless). 8) After the meal the girl felt some (comfort/discomfort) in her stomach. By and by it turned into pain. Remember and write the missing forms 1) lose — lost — ? 2) ? — flew — flown 3) take — took — ? 4) leave — ? — left 5) choose chosen 6) ? — hid 7) build ? — ? 8) write — wrote — ? 9) win — ? — ? 10) ? — caught — ? Write these in English. 1) Команда корабля; 2) упряжка из трёх лошадей (тройка); 3) купальник; 4) плавки; 5) команда воздушного судна; 6) команда космического корабля; 7) Древняя Греция; 8) Олимпийские игры; 9) один раз в четыре года; 10) соревнование в беге. Step 5 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, ^ (9), and match the texts (a—c) with the names of the games (1—3). 23 r+ П) •O U1 1) Rugby 2) Baseball 3) Football Say what the teenagers had done by that time yesterday. Example: Beatrice/to have a swimming lesson (2 p.m.) Beatrice had had a swimming lesson by 2 p.m. yesterday. 1) Roy/to finish classes (4 p.m.) 2) Sally/to play the game of basketball (7 p.m.) 3) Harry/to buy a dictionary (6 p.m.) 4) Rose/to wash her uniform (5 p.m.) 5) Ada/to have breakfast (9 a.m.) 6) Peggy/to clean the flat (11 a.m.) 7) Dick/to watch a film on TV (10 p.m.) 8) Philip/to do his lessons (8 p.m.) 24 1У) r+ fD ■О 1Л f 'г '■ .=Л». iSHkl’Se- • -• j - ' Грамматическое время past perfect обычно употребляется, когда нужно рассказать о двух действиях в прошлом, подчёркивая, что одно из них произошло раньше, чем другое. Jane couldn't find the key I had given her. — Джейн не могла найти ключ, который я ей дал (прежде). Past perfect часто употребляется в предложениях со словами after, as soon as, before. After Mary had done shopping, she went home. As soon as she had washed up, her mum came. I didn't feel comfortable on the plane because I had never flown before. A. Match the two parts of the sentences. Compare your results. 1) We had just finished the job 2) They had written the exercise 3) Alice had read the book 4) I had already known everything 5) Mary had already had breakfast a) by the time I got the telegramme. b) when it started raining. c) before I bought it to her. d) before the bell rang. e) when I came into the kitchen. B. Complete the sentences. Use past perfect 1) By the time they wrote the text... 2) Before my parents came home... 3) I didn’t know about it because... 4) When I phoned my friend... 5) When we arrived at the party... Listen, A. (10), and read. join [фэт] — присоединяться noble ['пэиЫ] — благородный peace [pi:s] — мир, покой return [ri:'t3:n] — возвраш;аться battle ['bsetl] — битва, бой end [end] — n конец; v заканчиваться event [I'vent] — 1) событие; 2) спортивное соревнование honour ['опэ] — честь В. battle: to fight a battle, to win/lose a battle. Battles happen during wars. end: the end of the month, the end of the road, at the end of something. The great battle took place at the end of the war. The match ended late at night. event: an important event. The first day at school is a big event in a child’s life. The next event will be the high jump, let’s go and watch it. honour: a great honour, a big honour. He is a man of honour. It’s a great honour to meet you. join: to join somebody, to join a club, to join the army, to join in some activity. We are going to play basketball, would you like to join us? Soon my friends joined in the game. noble: a noble person, a noble profession, noble ideas. Mr Morgan belongs to a noble family. It was very noble of her to help, peace: peace in the world, to keep peace, war and peace. Peace on the planet is very important for all of us. return: to return home, to return from the competition. I have no idea when Sam will return. After the illness she returned to her tennis lessons again. Use the new words to complete the sentences. 1) All the people of Russia remember the b... of Stalingrad. 2) Everyone says he is a real man of h... .3) Гт beginning to read “War and P... ” by Leo Tolstoy. 4) The ideas of the Olympic Movement are very n... . 5) WeTl meet the athletes at the airport when the competitions e... . 6) How many e... do the competitions include? 7) The tradition of Olympic Games r... only in the 19th century. 8) They j... a big group of fans who were walking to the stadium. 9) Each Olympics is a very important e... in the history of sport. 10) It’s a great h... for me to greet you in my house. 25 to r+ fD ■a ui A. Match the synonyms in the two columns. 1) trainers a) come back 2) event b) crew 3) return c) become a member 4) team d) sneaker 5) join e) happening B. Match the antonyms in the two columns. 1) peace a) tasteless 2) end b) disadvantage 3) advantage c) war 4) climb d) get down 5) tasty e) beginning •‘.З-ЛГСЛ»-- .T’-r Prepositions Обратите внимание 1) на употребление предлогов со словом field: in the field — на поле; on the football field — на футбольном поле; on the battlefield — на поле боя; 2) на употребление предлога in в сочетаниях с именами существительными, обозначающими виды деятельности, и его отсутствие в сочетаниях с именами, обозначающими людей: to join in the game to join in the match to join in the competition to join in the race to join in the singing to join the runners to join the athletes to join us (them, him) to join the club to join the team (crew) А. What do you know about modern Olympic Games? What would you like to know? Write three questions, then read the text to see if there are answers to your questions in the text. 26 Ф T3 U1 Modern Olympics At the end of the 19th century the French nobleman Pierre de Coubertin ['pjer da 'kubsitan] got the idea to bring the Olympic Games back to life. With the help of the people who supported him he organized the first modern Olympic Games. So the Olympic Games returned to our life in 1896. They were a success. Athletes from thirteen countries came to Greece and had competitions in nine sports. Russia took part in them too. Now the number of countries taking part in the Olympic Games is much larger and so is the number of athletic events. Like in ancient times, the Olympic Games take place every four years. In 1926 the tradition of the Winter Olympic Games also began. The noble idea of the Games is to make all people friends by meeting on football fields, courts and stadiums and to live in peace. The International Olympic Committee [ka'miti] heads the Olympic movement. Among other things the Committee chooses the place for the coming Olympics. It is a great honour to become an Olympic city and in 2014 Sochi did. In 1980 Moscow joined the family of Olympic cities. The Olympic Games are probably the most important international sports event. Millions of people watch them all over the world. They support their Olympic teams and favourite athletes who fight peaceful battles in honour of sport. A lot of people enjoy the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympics, colourful and original. Many things have changed but like in ancient times winners of the Olympics become national — heroes in their countries. B. The marked words may be new to you. Do you understand what they mean? What helped you to understand it: a) the way they look and sound, b) the context in which you found them? DO IT ОП1 YOUR OWN Paraphrase the sentences using past perfect. Example: I went to see Boris, but he wasn’t in (to go out). I went to see Boris, but he had gone out. 1) I saw Helen yesterday, she was the same as before (not to change a bit). 2) Mum gave me a sandwich to eat but I wasn’t hungry (to have breakfast). 3) We wanted to go to the country by car but we couldn’t (to break down). 4) I was going to do the flat but it was clean thanks to my sister (to clean the flat). 5) When I came home and wanted to help my mum, the dinner was on the table (to cook dinner). Spell these words. 1) ['D:ganaiz] 4) [ri:'t3:n] 2) [iVent] 5) ['pi:sfl] 3) ['пэиЫ] 6) [Ъпэ] 7) [фэт] 8) [kD:t] 9) [ka'miti] 10) ['ncejanl] 11) ['serimani] 12) ['win9] Go back to exercise 7. Did you find answers to your questions in the text? If you didn't, find this information yourself or ask your family and friends to help you. Be ready to share^ the information in class. 27 Get ready to give a short talk about modern Olympic Games. To make your story more logical don't forget to write its outline. cn r+ Л) T3 01 step 6 DO IT TOGETHER Listen to the song, ^ (11), and sing it along. We Shall Overcome^ We shall overcome, we shall overcome, We shall overcome some day. Oh, deep in my heart I do believe That we shall overcome some day. We shall live in peace, we shall live in peace. We shall live in peace some day. Oh, deep in my heart I do believe That we shall overcome some day. WeTl walk hand in hand, weTl walk hand in hand, WeTl walk hand in hand some day. Oh, deep in my heart I do believe That we shall overcome some day. Read the word combinations. a word of honour a man of honour a person of honour a noble man to join a club a noble person to join a team a noble family to join a crew ^ to share [Jea] — делиться ^ to overcome [ эиуэ'клт] — преодолеть, победить battles and wars during the battle the end of a film the end of a competition a serious event an unusual event war and peace a period of peace pliece and quiet of the country to return to work to return every year to return home '•V. 28 r+ П) ■D Ф What were ancient Olympic Games like and what are modern Olympic Games like? Compare them. What happened during the Olympic Games in ancient times? What is happening now? Example: In ancient times only one country took part in the Olympic Games. Now a lot of countries do it. 1) Only one country took part in the Olympic Games. 2) Ancient Greeks had Olympic Games once in four years. 3) Ancient Greeks thought that people should develop their bodies as well as brains. 4) In ancient times if a war was going on during the games they stopped the war. 5) There was only one athletic competition in the ancient Olympic Games. 6) Only men could take part in Olympic Games. 7) The winners of the Games became heroes of the country. 8) They didn’t have Winter Olympic Games. Do you know anything about the latest^ Summer and Winter Olympic Games? Together with your classmates remember • in what city they took place; • when they took place; • which of the countries won the most medals; • what athletes were successful; • how good was the Russian team; • what competition or match you remember best and why. Bob and John have different lifestyles. Which of them do you think has an advantage and why? Example: Bob has an advantage over John because Bob is strong and active and John is weak. ^ latest ['leitist] — последний {no порядку), недавний is fond of playing keeps to a healthy water polo and rugby diet goes to the stadium regularly goes to a swimming pool 3 times a week does a lot of physical exercise does mountain climbing in spring is strong and active goes to bed late eats a lot of junk food takes a lot of different medicines Ч John ) is weak gets up late doesn’t have enough of sleep hardly ever goes to the stadium 29 1Л Ф T3 91 dislikes physical prefers to watch sport exercise and games on TV Proposals в жизни нам часто приходится высказывать различные предложения о том, что хорошо было бы осуществить. Собеседник может либо принять твоё предложение, либо отказаться от него. Научись правильно делать это на английском языке, ^ (12). Making proposals • Let's watch the final match on TV. • What/How about playing a game of tennis? • I feel like jogging this morning, will you join me? • Why don't you play for the school team? • Why not take part in this race? Saying "yes" • I'd love to (do it). • I'd be glad to (do it). • I'd like that very much. • That sounds good. Saying "no" • I'm afraid I can't. • I'd love to but I'm afraid I can't. • I'm sorry but I really can't. OK. All right. With pleasure ['р1езэ]. 30 tn r+ Ф ■Q Ф Work in pairs. Make a proposal. Say yes or no. Your idea is that your partner should spend a quiet evening at home should play a game of chess should start doing some physical exercise should learn to play baseball should watch the hockey match on TV should join the school athletic club should take part in the 100-metre race should take pictures of the skiing competition should try to keep fit Complete the sentences. Use past perfect. Example: I went to see the baseball match because ... (not see). I went to see the baseball match because I had never seen a baseball match before. 1) We bought some sandwiches and ate them because we ... (not have lunch). 2) Sally felt very unhappy because she ... (miss her favourite film). 3) They stayed at home because it ... (start raining). 4) My friend was happy because he ... (win the first place in skiing). 5) Dick was very tired because he ... (walk four kilometres). 6) The children got home late because they ... (lose their way). 7) Everybody was surprised because the new team ... (win the game). 8) Steve felt very bad because he ... (come down with a cold). 9) I came to school on time because I ... (catch the early bus). 10) I knew how to play chess because my father ... (teach me). DO IT OIU YOUR OWN Use prepositions where necessary. 1) Richard has an advantage ... his friends, he goes ... the stadium regularly. 2) Everyone knows that it’s very hard to climb ... Everest. 3) I am afraid that ice hockey is not quite ... my taste. 4) You say you are a good runner. Race me ... the school building and we shall see. 5) How many countries took part ... the latest Olympic Games? 6) The boy who has won ... the 100-metre race is my best friend. 7) I can see two cows ... the field. 8) Look! The two teams are already ... the football field. They have just come out ... it. 9) The Battle ... Waterloo took place in 1815 near Brussels, Belgium. Write what Steve, Nick's brother, had done by the time Nick returned home from his trip. Example: to join the football club Steve had joined the football club by the time Nick returned home from his trip. 1) to win the baseball game 2) to take part in ski competitions 3) to buy some fashionable sportswear 4) to begin doing yoga 5) to organize a school football team Look through the texts "Ancient Olympics" and make up questions to which these are answers. "Modern Olympics" and 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) ..? — In Ancient Greece. ..? — Every four years. ..? — Only one. It was a footrace. ..? — In 394 A.D. ..? — His name was Pierre de Coubertin. Write these in English. 1) Ha поле; 2) на поле боя; 3) благородная профессия; 4) сохранять мир; 5) вернуться с соревнования; 6) вести битву; 7) проиграть сражение; 8) в конце войны; 9) важное событие; 10) человек чести. Step 7 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, ^ (13), and say which of these facts are true, false or not stated in the text "How Did Skiing Begin?". 1) Skiing as a sport began in Stone Age. 2) The word “ski” comes from Icelan-dicb 3) The ancient people of Scandinavia couldn’t make skis. 4) There are many ancient pictures of ski runners in museums of Norway. 5) Ancient people who lived in Scandinavia used to ski a lot. Listen, (14), and read. A. cry [krai] — 1) плакать; 2) кричать else [els] — ещё {и другие варианты перевода, см. далее) equipment [I'kwipmont] — оборудование, инвентарь nation ['neijn] — нация prize [praiz] — приз, награда silver ['silvo] — п серебро; adj серебряный smile [small] — п улыбка; и улыбаться spectator [spek'teito] — зритель {чаще — зритель на стадионе) B. cry (cried): 1) to cry with pain or happiness, to cry over (about) something, to cry on somebody’s shoulder. Little babies cry when they are uncomfortable or hungry. 2) to cry in surprise, to cry for help. Some birds cry very loudly. else: nothing else, everybody else, who else, when else. You mustn’t tell anyone else — it’s between you and me. There isn’t much else to do, I can do it myself. 31 cn r+ Ф ■D 4J Icelandic [.ais'laendik] — исландский 32 LO r+ ro “D equipment: a piece of equipment, sports equipment. Nowadays a computer is probably the most important piece of equipment for a pupil. Schools need good sports equipment. nation: a large nation, a great nation, a powerful nation, a rich nation. The British are a nation of sea lovers. All the nations of the world should work on ecological problems together. prize: to get or win a prize, a prize winner, the first (second, third) prize. YouTl win our prize if you can answer this question. Athletes get their prizes at home and abroad. silver: a silver ring, a silver cup, a silver chain, to win the silver. They won the silver in the Olympics. smile: to smile at somebody or something, to smile happily. Don smiled to himself when he remembered the funny poem. John smiled at his sister and thanked her. spectator: a football spectator, a sports spectator, an interested spectator. About 50,000 spectators watched the final game. Say why these people are laughing, smiling or crying. Example: Liz — to lose a good friend Liz is crying because she has lost a good friend. 1) Ben — to become a prize winner 2) Sue — to get the gold in gymnastics 3) Alice — to play a game of tennis badly 4) Mark — to get the silver in the one hundred-metre race 5) Nora — to miss the final figure skating competition 6) Rose — to remember her birthday party 7) George — to make the world record 8) Polly — to become 9) Jim — to come first a member of the local in an important horse baseball team race Слово else встречается в нескольких структурах. 1. После вопросительных слов who, what (но не which), how, where, why (реже — when). What else can you say? How else can we get there? 2. После местоимений: someone somebody something somewhere anyone anybody anything anywhere Nobody else will be able to do it. Let's go somewhere else. Would you like anything else to drink? no one nobody nothing nowhere 33 3. C союзом or в значении «иначе». Let's go, or else we'll be late. We should hurry, or else we'll miss the train. Which word combinations will you choose to get the right sentences: anyone else, or else, nobody else, who else, how else, where else, what e/se? 1) I don’t know ... we can go, but I don’t like this noisy place. 2) Ten pupils have given their answers. ... would like to speak? 3) We have decorated the room, brought in extra tables and chairs, and sent e-mails to everybody. ... should we do? 4) I should buy cucumbers and other vegetables ... I’ll have nothing to make salad from. 5) My brother is not at home and ... can help me with my homework. 6) I can go there by bus, by train, by car. ... can I get to the castle? 7) There are ten names on the list. Does ... want to go to the show? A. Listen, ^ (15), and repeat the names of some sports equipment, a) a club and a ball b) a racing car c) a net and a ball d) a windsurfing board e) a racket and a shuttlecock f) skis, ski poles and ski boots g) boxing gloves h) a goal and a ball i) a horse j) a chessboard and chessmen k) rings l) bars 1. 2. CO ■O 41 4. 34 СП r+ ф ■D S4 5. 12. В. Say in what sports and games people use these pieces of equipment and match their names with the pictures. Example: People use a club and a ball in golf. Picture five. Speak about sport in your school. Mention: • how many PE lessons you have a week; • if they are effective enough; • what you usually do in your PE lessons; • if you have enough equipment, what sports equipment you have; • what competitions you have in your school; • the best athletes of your school; • what things team games can teach the players; • why school sport is important. A. Work in groups of 3—5 students. In each group there should be an interviewer trying to get information about sport in your school. Answer the interviewer's questions and give your opinions. The interviewer may want to find out: ? what sports the students do in their PE lessons, what games they play; which of them are more popular with the students; what sports they would prefer to do in their school and why; ? where they practise these sports; what sports equipment the school has got; what new equipment they would like to have; ? if the school takes part in any competitions and what results their teams usually show; if these students take part in competitions personally; why it is important to do sports at school; if the students think that they have enough physical exercise; if they are able to find time for sports and games; where they can do sports outside school; if they have ever done sports elsewhere; what the result was; B. Let the interviewer put the information together and then speak about what he/she has learnt. 35 DO IT OI\l YOUR OWIU Complete the sentences. A. 1) I don’t know who else... 2) I am not sure where else. 3) Tell me how else... 4) Say if anybody else... 5) Ask why else... B. r+ fD ■a 41 1) Let’s go, or else... 2) Let’s begin, or else... 3) Tell me, or else... 4) Do your homework now, or else... Fill in prepositions. 1) to cry 2) to cry 3) to cry 4) to cry 5) to cry pain surprise help sb’s shoulder a bad mark 6) a piece — equipment 7) a nation — sea lovers 8) to win the silver — the Olympics 9) to smile — somebody 10) — the football field Spell these words. 1) [els] 2) [krai] 3) [I'kwipmont] 4) [small] 5) [jSpek'teita] 6) ['silva] 7) ['neijn] 8) [praiz] Get ready to speak about sport in your school. Step 8 Consolidation and Extension DO IT TOGETHER 36 LO r+ Ф ■O 00 Listen, ^ (16), and match the titles (a—e) with the stories (1—4) the speakers tell. There is one title you don't have to use. a) Popular Indoor Sport b) Favourite Game of All Seasons c) Mostly Summer Game d) Sports Interests e) Sport with an Ancient History You know the words in column A. Read the sentences (1—7) and say what the words in column В mean. A. 1) History is an interesting subject. 2) Sports like running, jumping are athletics. 3) That’s the end of the film. 4) It’s a great honour. Sir, to meet you. 5) The Battle of Trafalgar took place in 1805. 6) America became a free nation in the 18th century. 7) Olympic Games are competitions that take place every four years. B. 1) Historians write books about history and historic events. 2) My grandparents are very athletic, they like to swim and ice-skate. 3) How did the match end? 4) We are here today to honour our athletics. 5) The athletes were battling with each other for the 1st place. 6) What British national ['naejanl] sports can you name? 7) National teams compete with each other in the Olympic Games. Read these word combinations. no one else nowhere else everybody else everything else the national team the national flag the national sport the national interest athletic training an athletic competition an athletic event an athletic person ’ Consolidation and Extension — закрепление и расширение темы и материала to compete at stadiums to compete on football fields to compete on playing fields to compete on playgrounds football spectators basketball spectators noisy spectators Word Building new equipment modern equipment sports equipment big prize fantastic prize special prize • Многие английские прилагательные образуются при помощи суффиксов -ic и -al. -ic -al athlete — athletic centre — central history — historic industry — industrial climate — climatic nation — national hero — heroic medicine — medical poet — poetic nature — natural ['nae^rol] • Иногда в структуре имён прилагательных используются оба эти элемента. 37 г+ Ф TJ 00 -ical biology — biological comedy geography — geographical ecology practice — practical policy - — comical — ecological — political Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right. Fa A. 1) Jack was visiting schools and other ... institutions^ education 2) The ... master of the house was a Frenchman. origin 3) We are members of the ... club. geography 4) Andrew is a ... student. medicine 5) What ... events shall we see during the competi- athlete tions? 6) People have seen a lot of ... changes lately. climate 7) It was ... of Lord Jenkins to help his neighbours. nature 8) I can’t say our ... football team is the best. nation B. Jane, a Journalist People in Jane’s native town say she is a (1) ... sports journalist. She writes about (2) ... people in sports such as (3) ..., (4) ..., (5) ... and collects (6) ... about winter and summer sports events. Jane often visits sports (7) ... at different stadiums of her country. She knows a lot about the biggest of wonder interest ski, skate, jump inform compete an institution [msti'tjujn] — учреждение them — their (8) ... and (9) ..., for example. Jane often writes about the (10) ... of the supporters and their enthusiasm. The other journalists say Jane is very (11) ... . long, wide friendly profession 38 r+ ro ■Q 00 Phrasal Verbs Запомни фразовые глаголы с ядерным элементом end. to end in something — закончиться чем-либо to end up somewhere — оказаться, очутиться где-либо, попасть куда-либо The game ended in a drawh After their long travels they ended up in London. to end something with something — закончить чем-либо We ended the dinner with coffee and chocolate cake. Use in, up or with to complete the sentences. 1) I finished my story ... a line from Pushkin. 2) The festival ended ... fireworks. 3) To my surprise I ended ... at my house. 4) He broke his leg and ended ... in hospital. 5) The battle ended ... victory. 6) We wanted to go to Newcastle but ended ... in Scotland. 7) My friend ended his letter ... good wishes to the family. 8) I decided to end my speech ... a short poem I had written myself. ^ a draw [dro:] — ничья Synonyms Обратите внимание на различия в употреблении глаголов end и finish. 1. Одинаково правильно сказать: The party finished at nine. The party ended at nine. Однако глагол finish в этом случае больше подходит для разговорной речи, а глагол end — для письменной. 2. Глагол end не используется, если после него стоит другой глагол с окончанием -ing. Таким образом, правильными являются предложения с глаголом finish; Soon I finished reading the new book. They finished playing tennis and went to take a shower. When did you finish boxing? 39 cn Г+ Ф T3 00 A. Have you heard the name of Tatyana Tarasova? Say what you know about her. B. Read the text below and say what new facts about Tatyana you have learned from it. Tatyana Tarasova There are few people in this country who don’t know this fantastic woman and great trainer. Tatyana Tarasova has trained more world and Olympic champions than anybody else in skating history. Her students have won about half a hundred gold and a lot of silver and bronze [bronz] medals [’medalz] at the Euro- pean and world competitions. Eleven of her students have become Olympic champions ['ijaempjonz]. We have seen them on the podium [’paodiam] crying or laughing with joy after their victories [‘viktariz]. Tatyana is the daughter of Anatoly Tarasov, a famous ice hockey trainer. For his daughter he has always been an example of a person who gave all his life to sport. She began to do figure skating at the age of five but had to end her career of a skater when she was 18 because of a trauma ['troimo]. A year later she started training young athletes. A lot of her students have become really famous like Irina Rodnina or Alexei Yagudin. For more than a decade ['dekeid] Tatyana lived and worked in Connecticut, USA because in the 1990s there were big problems with stadiums and sports equipment in Russia. She is sure that if a sportsman or a sportswoman stops training, it puts an end to his or her career. That’s why she did what she could to keep Russian figure skaters in good form for the future of Russian national figure skating. In 2006 Tatyana Tarasova returned to Russia. Here she started a number of interesting new projects ['proc^ekts] which have become popular with the spectators. Tatyana knows everything , about figure skating. Every little detail ['diiteil] ‘ is important to her: what athletes wear when they come onto the ice, to what music they are skating, where and how they prepare for a competition or a show. She loves her students and believes in them. It’s a great honour for every skater to win her smile or her kind words, which are the best prize they can get. Choose a sport or a game and speak about it trying to make your story interesting. Mention the following: rr 40 r+ Л) ■Q 00 • if it is a popular sport (game) in Russia; • where else it is popular; • if it is an indoor/outdoor sport (game); • what equipment people need to do it; DO IT OIU YOUR OWni if it is a dangerous sport (game); if there are world-famous athletes that do this sport or play this game; if you do this sport (play this game) or only watch it. Write what they had done by 8 p.m. yesterday. Example: Nora had done the flat by 8 p.m. 1) Julie 2) Denis 3) Tom and Meg 3) Dustin Complete the sentences. Use the more the less 5) Philip the happier etc. 1) The more you learn... 2) The longer you watch figure skating... 3) The less you train,,, 4) The more you play badminton... 5) The more books you read... Rewrite these sentences. Use the verb end where you can. 1) The game finished with the score 5 to 1. 2) When did James finish skateboarding? 3) The film finished and the audience left the hall. 4) We went home as soon as we finished decorating the classroom. 5) She finished competing when she was about 30. 6) The trip had finished, it was time to say goodbye to each other. 7) We understood that the match had finished. 8) John hasn’t finished swimming for his school yet. Write these in English. 1) Присоединиться к соревнованиям; 2) присоединиться к команде; 3) спортивное событие; 4) закричать от боли; 5) улыбнуться кому-то; 6) чем дольше ты занимаешься бегом; 7) закончить играть в футбол; 8) национальный парк; 9) климатические изменения; 10) экологические проблемы. Step 9 Revision DO IT TOGETHER 41 LT» r+ Л) ■Q VO Listen, ^ (17), and match the statements (a—e) with information the speakers (1—4) tell. There is one statement you don't have to use. a) The speaker talks about Winter Olympic Games. b) The speaker talks about Olympic prizes. c) The speaker talks about sports people do in winter. d) The speaker talks about the cities and countries that have hosted Olympic Games. e) The speaker talks about the new type of Olympic Games. Read what Mary Brooks, a manager, says about her likes and dislikes now and what she said about them at school. Say how Mary has changed. Example: Mary used to have a dog, she doesn’t have any pets now. At school I liked my dog Socks. I was fond of playing the piano. I liked cross-country skiing. I liked tea. I often went to the cinema and loved it. I often went to different parties and loved going there. Now I have no pets, and no time for them. I haven’t played the piano for years. I practically never do skiing. I drink a lot of coffee and love it. I don’t often have a cup of tea. I hardly ever go to the cinema. I don’t go out much these days. Match the words in the two columns and complete the sentences with the word combinations. 42 cn ro ■Q VO 1) sports 2) first 3) crew 4) knee-length 5) great 6) excited 7) noble a) members b) behaviour c) equipment d) prize e) socks f) spectators g) advantage 1) Yesterday I bought a pair of new ... . 2) The ... did everything they could to help the passengers of the boat. 3) Our team had a ... over the opponent’s team as they had never played on our stadium. 4) My best friend won the ... in the swimming race. 5) The ... greeted their favourite sportsmen when they appeared on the football field. 6) Our school is going to buy new ... for the gym at the end of the school year. 7) I will never forget Ron’s ... at the most difficult period of my life. A. These are sports meant for different age groups. Say which of them you have ever done, at what age you did them, and which you would like to do. 3- year-olds: skiing 4- year-olds: cycling 5- year-olds: swimming, pony riding 6- year-olds: figure skating, roller skating, skateboarding 7- year-olds: tennis, table tennis, badminton 8- year-olds: football, ice hockey 9- year-olds: basketball, water polo 10- year-olds: boxing, water-skiing, athletics 11- year-olds: skating, surfing 12- year-olds: judo, downhill skiing 13- year-olds: volleyball, karate 14- year-olds: horse racing, windsurfing 15- year-olds: weightlifting 16- year-olds: sailing 17- year-olds: parachute jumping, rock climbing B. What do you think about the activities listed below? Would you like to do them? Why? Here are some ideas. dangerous too hard takes a lot of time not to my taste not fun at all not for young people boring sounds like great fun gets the adrenalin [a'drenahn] going good for health helps to meet people not too hard not dangerous doesn’t sound interesting to me rodeo [rau'deiau] Activities competitive [kam'petitiv] dancing rock climbing walking parkour [ра:'киэ] fishing rope jumping boating car racing hunting motorcycle racing jogging ' I Г' 43 (-0 Г*+ 0) тз VO А Ask three questions about boxing. В. Read the text and see if there are answers to your questions in it. Do We Need Such Sports? Many people think that athletes should stop boxing. They don’t like this sport and say it is more like fighting, not sport. In the history of boxing people tried to put an end to this sport. Just think what they could feel during ‘ the first boxing fights which took place in 44 Ln r+ fD T3 ancient Greece. Some of the rules were very much the same as today but sportsmen didn’t wear boxing gloves. Then for a long time people didn’t do boxing. Only at the beginning of the 18th century this sport appeared again in England and became quite fashionable. In those days fights took hours and were dangerous as boxers fought until one of the athletes couldn’t move. There was a lot of protest ['praotest] and by and by they began to change the rules: the rounds on the ring became shorter and there appeared intervals ['intavalz] between rounds. In the 19th century there was little boxing outside England and the USA. In the 20th century boxing became a sport of many countries again. But nowadays scientists are beginning to think that even modern boxing may be dangerous for human brain. C. Complete the following sentences. 1) Boxing first appeared in ... . a) the south of Europe b) the northwest of Europe c) the USA 2) When they began boxing in England the boxing fights were ... . a) very long b) limited in time c) not long 3) They changed the rules in boxing because ... . a) boxing was becomming less and less fashionable b) boxing fights took too long c) boxing was bad for athletes’ health 4) Nowadays boxing is ... . a) a modern sport b) an international sport c) one of the most popular sports Speak about a sport that you like. Say: • if it is popular with young people (older people/everybody); • where people do this sport and what equipment they need for it; • what are some of the results (some of your results) in this sport; • why you like it; • if you are a fan of this sport or an athlete doing it. Comment on these lines from a song about sport. This is ten per cent luck, twenty per cent skill. Fifteen per cent concentrated ['konsantreitid] power of will. Five per cent pleasure, fifty per cent pain. And a hundred per cent reason ['ri:zn] to remember the name. мастерство собранная в кулак сила воли причина DO IT ON YOUR OWN Complete the situations. Use the verbs in brackets in past perfect or past simple. 1) Was Jerry in the classroom when you arrived? — No, he (go) home. 2) It was very quiet in the house when I (return) home. Everybody (go) to bed. 3) Why are you walking? — My car (break) down just now. 4) Jack couldn’t play tennis well because he never (do) it before. 5) When I (arrive) at the railway station, my train (leave) for St Petersburg. Write a few sentences about an athlete who helped to make history of the Russian sport. You may follow this outline: 45 r+ П) T3 • name; • place and time of birth; • sport he/she is/was doing; • results he/she had; • national or international competitions he/she took part in. Choose the right reply. 1) Fm going to do some jogging. Why don’t you join me? a) Not at all. b) I’m afraid I can’t. c) Don’t tell me about it. 2) What about watching the final together? a) That sounds great. b) Thanks a lot. c) Yes, please. 3) Why not join the school football team? You’re a wonderful playerl a) I’m positive about it. b) I think so. c) I’d love to do it. 4) How about learning to play tennis? a) Mmm. b) With pleasure. c) I think so. 5) Let’s take part in the dancing competition. a) Not good. b) I don’t think so. c) I’d love to but I’m afraid I can’t. Revise the words for Test One. 46 LO Г+ 0) •D "D О йЛм advantage, athletic, battle, climb, crew, cry, else, end, equipment, event, excited, excitement, goal, honour, join, less, nation(al), noble, peace, prize, race, return, score, silver, smile, spectator, taste, team, though Names of Games. Kinds of Sport and Other Activities Games Sports Other Activities badminton athletics aerobics baseball boxing boating basketball cross-country skiing competitive dancing chess cycling fishing cricket downhill skiing hunting football figure skating jogging golf gymnastics parkour grass hockey high jump pony riding (ice) hockey horse riding rodeo ping-pong judo roller skating rugby karate rope jumping table tennis long jump skateboarding tennis motor racing walking volleyball motorcycle racing water skiing water polo mountaineering parachute jumping rock climbing running sailing skating skiing ski jumping surfing weightlifting windsurfing yoga Step 10 Test Yourself I. LISTENING Listen, ^ (18), and complete the sentences. 1) Basketball ... . a) is an old traditional game b) is an old Indian game c) is an old game that appeared thanks to one person 2) The “father” of the game was ... . a) Canadian b) British c) American 3) Naismith was ... . a) a school teacher b) a student c) a trainer 4) The new game of basketball appeared in ... . a) 1981 b) 1891 c) 1819 5) For basketball rules Naismith used the rules of . a) football b) a traditional Indian game c) both football and an Indian game Maximum result 5 Your result ? 47 tn ф ■D II. READING Read the text and complete it with the following word combinations. a) comes from the Greek b) red, blue and green c) important international sports event d) Winter Olympic Games e) are always colourful f) Paralympic flag has The Paralympic Games The Paralympic Games are an (1) ..., where athletes with a physical disability compete. There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games. They follow the Summer and (2) ... . The Paralympics began in 1948. They didn’t have this name then. That year the first sports event for disabled athletes took place. A small group of the British World War veterans competed with each other. In 1952 some Dutch veterans joined in the competitions. In 1960 in Rome 400 disabled athletes took part in the Summer Paralympic Games. In the year 2005 there were already 3,900 sportsmen from 146 countries. In the Paralympic Games in Sochi the number of athletes was 555 from 45 countries. The word Paralympic (3) ... word para which means “similar”. The (4) ... the Paralympic symbol on it. There are three colours (5) ... . These are the colours we can find on the flags of different nations. The opening and the closing ceremonies (6) ... . Maximum result 6 Your result 7 III. USE OF ENGLISH 1^“ 48 IjO r+ Ф TJ Choose the right words to complete the sentences. 1) That day Jane felt so sad she could (cry/smile). 2) The pupils (ended/ finished) decorating the hall late in the afternoon. 3) Do you watch matches of your favourite football (crew/team) on television? 4) We are playing basketball in the gym, would you like to join (—/in)? 5) No one liked the dish, we thought it was rather (tasteful/tasteless). 6) In the evening the tourists ended (up/with) near one of the most beautiful cathedrals of the city. 7) When Tim was at school, he took part in (ath-lete/athletic) competitions. 8) You are the only person who can help me, (nobody/somebody) else can do it. 9) Taking other people’s things is a rather (dishonest/honest) thing to do. 10) We ended the concert (in/ with) our new song. Maximum result 10 Your result 7 Complete the sentences. Use past simple or past perfect. 1) When I (meet) John, I (understand) that I (see) him before. 2) When the second group of tourists (arrive) in London, the first group (already leave). 3) They (go) home after the film (finish). 4) She (tell) us about the places she (see) while she was travelling in England. 5) The children (go) to the skating rink as soon as they (return) from the museum. 6) Mike (play) ten games by the end of the season. 7) Sue (like) the new game though she never (play) it before. 8) By the end of the Olympic Games the national team (win) 12 medals. Maximum result 15 Your result 7 IV. SPEAKING Speak about sport in your life. You can mention: • the sport(s) you like; • the sport(s) you did or are doing; • what you prefer to do in different seasons; • sport in your school; • why sport is important to you. Maximum result 15 Your result 7 V. WRITING Write these in English. 1) Национальная команда; 2) иметь преимущество; 3) спортивный инвентарь; 4) улыбаться кому-то; 5) плакать от боли; б) взволнованные зрители; 7) заниматься альпинизмом; 8) кто-нибудь ещё; 9) человек чести; 10) на мой вкус. Maximum result 10 Your result 7 Total result 61 Your result 7 49 Lrt Г+ Ф тз DO IT ОМ YOUR OWN Do project work 1. Complete a page in your English album. Find information about some Olympic Games. Describe the Games and their results. Illustrate your story with pictures. Ask your family and/ or friends to help you if necessary. Ln r+ П) и Performing Arts: Theatre step 1 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, (19), and say which of the following activities is not mentioned in the text. a) going to a museum b) listening to modern music c) watching a festival d) watching some sports events e) going to an art gallery f) watching some old traditions taking place g) listening to traditional music Say why Andrew was tired in the evening. Use past perfect. Example: Andrew did some shopping. Andrew was tired because he had done some shopping. 1) Andrew 2) Andrew 3) Andrew 4) Andrew 5) Andrew 6) Andrew 7) Andrew 8) Andrew 9) Andrew 10) Andrew worked in the garden. helped his aunt to plant the flowers. bought some meat for his pet. cleaned the windows in his flat. drove to the centre and back. played basketball. cycled in the park. carried heavy boxes upstairts. brought a lot of vegetables from the market. swam an hour in the swimming pool. 51 LO (-+ Ф T3 Read the examples and say how we form questions and negative sentences in past perfect. A. 1) Had Tom gone home when you came? — Yes, he had. 2) Had Mary cleaned the floor by 7 o’clock? — No, she hadn’t. 3) Had you cooked lunch before granny got up? — Yes, I had. B. 1) When Tom came to his office, he was hungry. He hadn’t had breakfast. 2) Jane was unhappy when she came back home. She hadn’t written her test. 3) I didn’t know what to do. Martin hadn’t phoned me. Read the text and say what the word "podigy" means. Prodigy Child Kevin was a prodigy child. By the age of two he had learned to read and write. Before his fifth birthday his parents had taught him to speak French and German and he played the piano rather well. Kevin was a great lover of books and by the age of ten he had already read all the books in his father’s library. When all his friends were still in the second form, he had already left school. After he had finished college, he went to University to become a microbiologist. At sixteen he was ready for his final exams and soon became the youngest scientist in the history of his country. He was happy because he hadn’t wasted his time and got a good profession that he loved. The only problem with Kevin was that he had never played football or basketball with his friends and had no idea of sports, games or children’s parties: he hadn’t had time for them. un г+ П) ■о 1. в предложениях с after и before вместо past perfect в английском языке часто употребляется past simple, так как слова after и before сами указывают на очерёдность действий. Ср.: Sam had left before Ann got After the guests had left, I went to there. bed. Sam left before Ann got there. After the guests left, I went to bed. 2. Past simple, a не past perfect употребляется для описания действий, которые в прошлом происходили непосредственно одно за другим, т. е. предшествование, по сути, отсутствовало. Ср.: Pete came home and helped his sister to cook dinner. Larry opened the door and his dog ran in. Choose a) or b) to complete the sentences. In two sentences both are possible. 1) I was really surprised when I learned that Harry ... . a) became a champion b) had become a champion 2) When Tom went to medical school, he already ... a lot of books on anatomy. a) read b) had already read 3) I ... from school rather tired and decided to relax for half an hour in front of the television. a) came b) had come 4) The child didn’t feel very well. I think he ... too much junk food, a) ate b) had eaten 5) By the beginning of the new year Paul ... our team and was playing for the school. a) joined b) had joined 6) I kept my word and ... hard during the rest of the school term, a) worked b) had worked 7) Father began to feel much better because he ... up smoking, a) gave b) had given 8) The garden looked terrible: the wind and the rain ... it badly, a) damaged b) had damaged 9) The door opened and my sister ... in. a) came b) had come 10) After Peter ..., the party was practically over, a) left b) had left 11) Paul had written to you before you ... your e-mail, a) sent b) had sent 12) John came up to the table, ... down and began working, a) sat b) had sat 13) Before we came, they ... their homework, a) did b) had done Listen, (20), and read. A. character ['kaerakta] — 1) характер, репутация (человека); 2) герой книги, фильма connect [ka'nekt] — соединять, подключать consider [kan'sids] — считать, рассматривать, обдумывать entertainment [|ent9'teinmont] — развлечение god [god] — бог introduce [,intr9'dju:s] — 1) представлять кого-либо; 2) вводить кого-то/ что-то куда-либо offer ['ofo] — предлагать organize ['o:g9naiz] — организовывать possible ['pos9bl] — возможный В. character: 1) а strong or weak character, the national character. He is a man of good character. 2) the central character, a loveable character. The film has a number of great characters. The central character of the book is an old policeman. connect: to connect something to/with something, to connect the two banks of the river, to connect the printer to the computer. The new road is going to connect the two cities. consider: to consider some facts, to consider doing something. It was an interesting idea, and we decided to consider it. They’ll have to consider the new facts. I consider him a good friend. entertainment: real entertainment, usual entertainment, the world of entertainment. All people enjoy entertainment. Cinema is the entertainment of the 20th century. god: ancient gods, a Greek god. In ancient Greece people believed in a lot of gods. Mars was the Roman god of war. Money is his god. God {no plural, always capitalized): A lot of people think that God made the world. Do they believe in God? introduce: 1) to introduce somebody to someone. My parents introduced me to their visitors. I introduced myself to my new classmates. 2) to introduce actors to a play. The school introduced new methods of teaching. offer: to offer entertainment, to offer a cup of tea, to offer help. They haven’t offered Jack the job yet. We’ll be happy to offer you all the help we can. organize: to organize a party, to organize a demonstration. Let’s organize a coffee break after 12 o’clock. Who’s organizing the meeting? possible: a possible visit, possible results, as soon as possible, if/when (it is) possible. Everything is possible. I’ll try to return as soon as possible. Is it possible that we meet again? Complete these word combinations. Make up sentences with some of them. 1) to connect — people 4) to introduce — the new pupil 53 r+ ■D 2) to consider — problems 5) a possible — answer 3) to offer — tea 6) to organize — a trip 7) great — entertainment 8) strange — character 54 Ln r+ П) ■O N1 DO IT 01У YOUR OWIU Make these sentences negative. 1) Mrs Martin had had breakfast by ten. 2) Kevin’s brother had broken his bicycle. 3) Fred had learnt the poem by heart. 4) We had finished everything by six. 5) Martin had been to London. Q Turn these sentences into questions. 1) They had weighed all their bags. 2) We had done everything by the afternoon. 3) They had introduced me to the professor. 4) You had organized the party. 5) Victoria had learnt the names of all Greek gods. Spell the new words. 1) ['Df9] 4) [god] 2) [brgonaiz] 5) [,enta'temm0nt] 3) [’kaerakto] 6) ['posabl] 7) [kan'sida] 8) [ka'nekt] 9) [|intr0'dju:s] Give the English for the following. 1) Возможная проблема; 2) древние боги; 3) организовать морскую поездку; 4) предложить завтрак; 5) рассмотреть идею; 6) представить друга своим родителям; 7) герой фильма; 8) новое развлечение; 9) соединить двух людей. Step 2 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, (21), and put the appropriate names (Bob, Clare or Sam) into these sentences. 1) ... does maths after school. 2) ... has very little free time because there are two younger children in the family. 3) ... meets friends at weekends. 4) ... does a lot of sport. 5) ... likes to spend free time with friends. 6) ... travels about the country at weekends. A. How would you answer these questions? You and Your Free Time 1) How much free time do you have? a) more than 3 hours a day b) between 1 and 3 hours a day c) less than 1 hour a day 2) Do you budget your free time? a) yes b) no c) sometimes 3) In what way do you prefer to spend your free time? a) stay indoors and relax b) watch TV and video films c) read books d) meet your friends e) travel f) do sport g) go to the theatre, circus shows, concerts h) spend it on self-education i) spend it on your family j) spend it some other way 4) What is your usual pastime or pastimes? 5) Are you happy about the way you spend your free time? a) yes b) no c) not always 6) What would you like to change? B. Work in pairs. Put your answers together and tell each other how you usually spend your free time. Match the verbs (1—5) in column A with the word combinations in column В and complete the sentences. 55 LO r-b (D ■o A. 1) introduced 2) offered 3) connected 4) considered 5) to organize B. a) a cup of coffee b) the New Year party c) herself to the members d) the two banks e) the pupil’s answer 1) When I returned to Alan’s office his secretary ... to me. 2) Sarah ... of the team and they began to train. 3) Who is going ... in your class? 4) The committee ... and decided he had won the competition. 5) A wide bridge ... of the river. A. Read the text below and say which of these ideas are not in it. The history of entertainment is very old. In ancient times people had special places for singing, dancing and storytelling. Greek drama was the first public entertainment in Europe. We know two kinds of Greek drama. 5) Greek tragedies always ended in the most important character dying. Romans introduced new forms of entertainment. 7) In the Middle Ages the church didn’t let the theatre develop freely. 8) The first performances took place in the streets. 9) The Renaissance [ri'neisons] was the time when the theatre developed fast and became very important. 1) 2) 3) 4) 6) 56 СП (Н* fD ■О ISJ Athens, Theatre of Dionysus The History of Entertainment Nearly everyone enjoys entertainment. The beginnings of popular entertainment go back to prehistoric times, when dance, music and storytelling were very important. The traditions of entertainment began in ancient Greece about 2,500 years ago with the development of Greek drama. In those days they organized festivals to celebrate Dionysus [|dai9'naiS9s], the Greek god of wine and new life, with song and dance. Later poets began to write stories for a large group of performers (a chorus ['koras] and an actor). Then they introduced another actor which made a dialogue between characters possible. There were two forms of classical [‘klaesikl] Greek drama — tragedy and comedy. The Romans continued the traditions of Greece and developed other kinds of entertainment as well. The beginnings of the circus are connected with gladiators ['glaedieitaz] fighting in public arenas [9'ri:n9z]. In the Middle Ages the church considered entertainment and drama wrong, but by and by drama reappeared with religious and moral plays. In the time of Renaissance the theatre became less religious and there was a new interest in Greek and Roman drama. Common people preferred comedies which were performed by a travelling group of actors. At first, the actors had no text, only an idea of what was going to happen and had to improvise [’improvaiz]. They usually performed on high platforms in public places. The actors offered entertainment which included plays, songs and dances. The Golden Age of Theatre began when the first special theatres were built. The first of such theatres was opened in London in 1652. Soon there appeared a few others including the famous Globe Theatre. Among the writers who worked for these theatres was William Shakespeare, one of the greatest dramatists in any language. Shakespeare gave his audience great literature but at the same time he gave them popular entertainment. Nowadays people entertain themselves by listening to music, watching TV programmes, films and videos, going to concerts and circus shows but the theatre is still among our favourite entertainments. A Scene in Greek Drama The Globe Theatre в. Listen, ^ (22), and read the text aloud. C. What do the marked words mean? What helped you to understand them: а) the way they look and sound or b) the context? Read the text "The History of Entertainment" again and say the same in one word. Example: A theatre or a film show, a concert, etc — entertainment. 1) Belonging to the time before people legan to write down their history. 2) Belonging to the time of very long ago. 3) A play for acting. 4) A group of people singing together. 5) Talk between two people, often in films or plays. 6) A person in a play, film or story. 7) A drama about sad events with a sad end. 8) A show with performances by acrobats, clowns and animals, often travelling from place to place. 9) The period between the 11th and 15th centuries in Europe. 10) A writer working for the theatre. 11) People watching or listening to a performance. Answer the questions. 1) Were music, dancing and storytelling in prehistoric times forms of entertainment or were they forms of magic^? 2) In what country did the history of drama begin? When did it happen? 3) Whom did they call an “actor” in ancient Greece? 4) What are the two forms of classical Greek drama? 5) What popular entertainment of nowadays began in ancient Rome? б) Why weren’t the Middle Ages the best time for the development of drama? 7) What did Renaissance people rediscover? 8) What were theatrical performances like before there appeared real theatres? 9) How do you understand the meaning of “Golden Age”? What time do we consider to be the Golden Age of Theatre? Complete the text. Use past simple or past perfect. Yesterday I (1) (meet) ... Betty at the bus stop. I (2) (can) ... hardly believe my eyes. Betty (3) (change) ... a lot. She (4) (lose) ... weight. She (5) (become) ... very slim. In fact, she (6) (look) ... young and beautiful. Betty (7) (have) ... two tickets for the theatre performance which she (8) (buy) ... for her mother and herself. As her mother (9) (be) ... ill, Betty (10) (invite) ... me to go with her which I (11) (do) ... with pleasure. 57 CO r+ 0 ■D magic ['maeckik] — магия DO IT ОМ YOUR OWN 58 Ln (-+ 0) ■D M Make up one sentence out of two. Use after or before. 1) I took the medicine. I felt a little better. 2) Jane came to the party (at 6). Nick left (at 5:30). 3) The film began (at 7). We got to the cinema (at 7:15). 4) I told my parents everything. I felt much better. 5) I learnt the new poem by heart. Then I found it in our textbook. 6) I read one of the “Harry Potter” books. Then I saw the film. Complete the text. Use past simple or past perfect of the verbs in brackets. When we came home from grandma’s yesterday, our room (1) ... (be) in a terrible mess. We (2) ... (leave) the window open and the wind (3) ... (break) the vase. There (4) ... (be) a lot of small pieces of glass on the carpet, the wind (5) ... (throw) them there. The carpet itself (6) ... (be) absolutely wet. What do these words mean? Choose the right variant. 1) an arena: 2) to improvise: 3) a chorus: 4) classical: 5) prehistoric: 6) the Renaissance — the period in Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries when people got interested in developing: a) a high platform for performers b) a place with seats for the audience around it c) an ancient stadium a) to sing solo b) to act brilliantly c) to do something without preparing it first a) a large group of people who sing together b) a large group of actors who act together c) a song for a large group of singers a) situated in the classroom b) situated in ancient Greece c) following a traditional standard a) happening in ancient times b) happening in the Middle Ages c) happening before people began to write down their history a) sciences b) arts c) arts, literature and sciences Get ready to speak about the history of entertainment. Use this outline. • The beginning of entertainment in prehistoric times. • The development of drama in ancient Greece. Greek festivals. Classical drama. • The entertainment in ancient Rome. Gladiators. • Religious and moral plays in the Middle Ages. The Renaissance times. Travelling actors. The first special theatres. William Shakespeare. Entertainment today. Step 3 59 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, ^ (23), and match the names of the teenagers with their hobbies. сл r+ fD ■o UJ 1) Nina 2) Mark 3) Andy 4) Denis 5) Julia a) is interested in the famous English singers b) is fond of playing games on the electronic equipment c) is collecting a good home library d) is interested in sport e) is fond of keeping animals at home Read these word combinations. a book character a story character a film character a sad tragedy a funny comedy a modern drama favourite entertainment possible entertainment wonderful entertainment to offer a meal to offer a seat to offer a place to live to connect events to connect people to connect countries to consider the new idea to consider a trip to consider visiting the History Museum prehistoric animals chorus singers gladiators on the arena a famous dramatist an interesting play the Globe Theatre I introduced myself He introduced himself She introduced herself You introduced yourself We introduced ourselves They introduced themselves You introduced yourselves 60 tn г+ rD ■D W Complete the text with theatre words. Theatre A th... is a place where they perform p...s, and the au... watches them. The earliest th...s we know about appeared in Greece where theatre lovers enjoyed d... in the form of t...s and c...s. Greek th...s looked like big stadiums open to the sky but they were so good that everyone could see and hear the p... ers well. Roman th...s looked very much like Greek th...s. The Romans built a th... in nearly every large town in the country. We still remember some of the Greek and Roman d...s and watch them in modern th...s. A Read the theatre words. Check, different objects in the theatre hall 1) stalls [sto:lz] 2) stage [steic^] 3) balcony ['baelkani] 4) gallery ['gaebri] 5) rows [rauz] of seats (24). Look at the picture and name 6) circle [’s3:kl] 7) curtain(s) ['ksitnz] 8) orchestra pit ['D:kistr9,pit] 9) box [boks] 1, 5 B. Read some more theatre words and check, (25). 1) cloakroom ['kbukrum] 2) foyer ['foiei] 3) box office ['boks nfis] 4) buffet ['bufei] 5) programme ['ргэидггет] 6) opera glasses [Ъргэ ,gla:siz] 7) usher [-Aja] ['tikit] А. Listen to the dialogue, ^ (26), and act it out. At the Box Office A. : Hello. How can I help you? B. : rd like two seats for tomorrow. A. : Morning or evening performance? B. : Evening, please. A. : Where do you want your seats? B. : In the stalls, please. Back or middle rows. A. : Fm sorry, but the stalls are sold out.^ We have two good seats in a box at 35 pounds.^ B. : That’s more than I wanted to pay. A. : Then I can offer you two seats in the circle, front row, at 12 pounds. B. : I think Г11 take those. Thanks very much. A.: Thank you. 61 LO r+ Ф t: Ы B. Make up similar dialogues of your own. You may use these ideas: 1) — three seats; — morning performance on Sunday; — in the circle; — front row; 2)— a seat in the stalls; — front rows; — sold out; — middle or back rows. A. Use the verbs in brackets in past simple or past perfect to complete the text. Last summer we decided to paint the door of our bedroom. We (1) ... (work) for two hours and thought the door (2) ... (look) really nice. After we (3) ... (paint) the door we (4) ... (not, put) the box with the paint where it belonged. We (5) ... (be) in a hurry as we (6) ... (have) to meet our friends at the airport. When we (7) ... (return) home we (8) ... (see) that something terrible (9) ... (happen). There was yellow paint all over Rex’s body. Our sofa (10) ... (become) yellow in many parts too. Rex definitely (11) ... (lie) on the sofa or (12) ... (sleep) on it. I (13) ... (hang) my new white blouse on the armchair before we (14) ... (leave). I don’t have a fashionable blouse any more. Rex had left some yellow marks on it too. B. Make four questions to these answers. 1) ...? — Yes, Rex had become yellow. 2) ...? — Yes, Rex had lain on the sofa. 3) ...? — Yes, Rex had slept on the sofa. 4) ...? — Yes, I had hung the blouse on the armchair. ^ sold out — (места в партере) распроданы 2 а pound [paund] — фунт {британская денежная единица) 62 сл r+ ф ■о VaJ Обратите внимание на то, как происходит перевод прямой речи (direct speech) в косвенную (reported speech), если глагол, который вводит прямую речь, употребляется в past simple. (1) John said: "I live in New York." John said (that) he lived in New York. Bob said: "I can't swim." Bob said he couldn't swim. (2) Bob said: "I am learning French." Bob said he was learning French. We said to Tom: "We are leaving soon." We told Tom we were leaving soon. (3) Ann said: "Jack went home." Ann said Jack had gone home. Ann said to Helen: "I bought a good book." Ann told Helen she had bought a good book. (4) Fred said: "I have done it." Fred said he had done it. Jill said to Ann: "I have made tea." Jill said to Ann she had made tea. В придаточных предложениях: present simple переходит в past simple present progressive переходит в past progressive past simple переходит в past perfect present perfect переходит в past perfect What did they say? Report^ it. A. 1) Julia said: “My seats are in the stalls.” 2) Ben said: “I am in the cloakroom.” 3) Tony said: “The play is interesting.” 4) Peter said: “We are near the orchestra pit.” 5) Jane said: “I live in London.” 6) Sarah said: “I have a good collection of books at home.’ 7) Bob said: “I can do it.” 8) Tom said: “We are organizing a coffee break.” 9) Terry said: “I am offering you a cup of tea.” 10) Jim said: “I am connecting the two lines.” B. 1) Charles said: “Our team won the first match.” 2) Mary said: “The ballet was wonderful.” 3) May said: “I liked the opera very much.” 4) Emily said: “We met at the box office.” 5) Patrick said: “I bought two tickets for the new play.” 6) David said: “The performance began on time.” 7) Rob said: “The actors were wonderful.” 8) Elizabeth said: “I have made tea for our team.” 9) William said: “I have sent an e-mail to George.” 10) James said: “We have left our opera glasses at home.” ^ to report — зд.: перевести в косвенную речь DO IT OIU YOUR OWIU Write what these people said. Report it. 1) Father said: “I’m going to take them all to the theatre.” 2) Sam said: “I bought the tickets in the box office.” 3) Kate said: “My friend introduced me to the others.” 4) The teacher said: “I’m trying to connect the two facts.” 5) The girls said: “We are really enjoying the show.” 6) My friend said: “I can wait for you in the foyer.” 7) Mrs Thompson said: “I have a good new pair of opera glasses.’ Write the same in one word. 1) A kind of platform in a theatre on which actors perform. 2) A place in a theatre where visitors leave their coats, hats, etc for a short time. 3) Heavy material often hanging over the stage. It can close the stage from the audience. 4) A theatrical performance in which they tell a story with the help of music and dancing. 5) In theatres and cinemas the place where people buy tickets. 6) The highest floor in a theatre. 7) The place in a theatre where people can get some cold food and drinks. 8) The seats on the ground floor in the theatre. 9) A hall in a theatre where people come together and talk. 10) The place in front of a theatre stage where musicians sit and play. 63 r-h Ф T3 Ы Complete these dialogues. A. : Hello. What can I do for you? B. : ... A. : I’m sorry, but the seats in the stalls are sold out. Would you like seats in the circle, gallery or one of the boxes? B. : ... A. : Yes, there are some very good seats in the middle of the front row. B. : ... A.: You are welcome. II A. : ... B. : Can I have a seat for the evening performance on Saturday? A. : ... B. : I see. Very good. I’ll take the seat in the box. Here is the money. A.: ... Write the same in English. 1) Известный драматург; 2) новое развлечение; 3) древние боги; 4) представить друга родителям; 5) как можно раньше; 6) центральный (главный) герой фильма; 7) предложить горячую еду; 8) обдумать план; 9) ряды стульев; 10) бинокль, билет и программка. step 4 DO IT TOGETHER 64 r+ Ф T3 -Pk Listen to the dialogues, in the dialogues wanted Dialogue One Dialogue Two Dialogue Three Dialogue Four Dialogue Five (27), and match their numbers with what people a) to find a seat b) to buy a programme c) to get opera glasses d) to watch a performance e) to have a light meal play (performance) ipilm concert musical show comedy Prepositions Обратите внимание на употребление предлогов to и for после слова ticket. to for а ticket to the theatre a ticket for a a ticket to the cinema a ticket for a a ticket to the concert hall a ticket for a a ticket to the music hall a ticket for a a ticket to Moscow a ticket for a a ticket to Britain a ticket for a Сравни английские сочетания со словом ticket и их русские эквиваленты, а train ticket — билет на поезд а bus ticket — билет на автобус а plane ticket — билет на самолёт а boat ticket — билет на теплоход С обозначением мест в театре употребляется предлог in. in the circle — в бельэтаже in the stalls — в партере in the box — в ложе in the balcony — на балконе in the gallery — на балконе верхнего яруса {на галёрке) in Row В — в ряду Б Со словом stage употребляются предлоги on и onto: to be on the stage to come onto the stage Use the prepositions where necessary to complete the sentences. 1) How much is a plane ticket ... London? 2) Our seats were not ... the stalls, they were ... the balcony. 3) Grace invited me ... dinner. 4) She told ... me to come ... her place ... five. 5) Where are your seats? — They are ... the circle, ... Row Two. 6) Have you bought tickets ... Australia yet? 7) Suddenly a beautiful young queen appeared ... the stage. А 8) Who is coming ... the stage after Romeo? 9) Robert said ... his cousin that he had bought two tickets ... “The Sound of Music” and wanted to invite me ... the theatre. 10) This show is very popular ... young people. It’s difficult to buy tickets ... it. Read the paragraphs of the text and put them in the right order. Lisa’s First Visit to the Bolshoi Theatre a) During the intervaP we walked around the foyer. I told Alec how much I liked the ballet. It was really wonderful. I said I would like to see another ballet some day. So we went to the box office and bought two tickets for “The Nutcracker”^. Then we had ice cream and coffee in the buffet. b) When we arrived at the theatre, we left our coats at the cloakroom. Our seats were in the stalls, and we could see the stage very well. Alec bought me a programme and gave me his opera glasses. As we had some time before the beginning, I walked to the stage and the orchestra pit. I looked around. The hall with its wonderful curtain and its red and golden interior [in'tiario] was fantastic, like a place in a fairy tale. c) Last autumn my cousin Alec invited me to the Bolshoi Theatre. I had never been to this famous opera house before and was really happy when Alec told me we were going to see “Swan Lake”, a ballet to Tchaikovsky’s music. d) When the ballet was over and the orchestra stopped playing, the audience began to applaud [o'pbid]. I applauded loudly too: I had enjoyed myself greatly. e) Suddenly the lights went down, the curtains opened and the dancers came onto the stage. I loved every minute of the first act: the dancing, the music and the costumes. Speak about your or someone else's visit to the theatre (a concert, a circus show, etc). You can use the following. to buy tickets at the box office to invite someone to the theatre to see a drama (a ballet)/to listen to an opera (a concert, etc) to leave the clothes at the cloakroom to have seats in the stalls (gallery, circle, balcony, etc) to buy a programme to bring (get) a pair of opera glasses 65 r+ П) ■O 4^ ^ an interval ['mtavl] — антракт, перерыв ^ “The Nutcracker” ['nAt,kraek9] — «Щелкунчик» {балет на музыку П. И. Чайковского) LO r+ fD T3 4^ 1. Past perfect часто используется в косвенной речи не только после глагола said, но и told, asked, shouted, explained^ wondered^ wanted (to know) и т. д. I explained to Alice that I had never been to India. She asked if John had read the book. She wondered who had left the door open. 2. При переводе прямой речи в косвенную данные глаголы часто заменяют глагол said. Ср.: James said: "I didn't understand you." James explained he hadn't understood me. Polly said to Tom: "I am going to the buffet." Polly told Tom she was going to the buffet. Greg said: "Have you bought tickets for the play?" Greg wanted to know if I had bought tickets for the play. Mrs Loveday can't hear very well. She wants to know what these people said. Report their words for her and use the verb explain. Example: Lizzy: I am very tired. Lizzy explained that she was very tired. 1) W e n d y: I didn’t go to the theatre. 2) В о r i s: My cousin arrived in London. 3) Mrs Evans: We are fond of ballet. 4) C о 1 i n: I was late for the performance. 5) S i d: My aunt enjoyed her visit to Russia. 6) T о n y: I didn’t know about that. 7) Florence: I have lost my favourite ring. 8) V a 1 e r y: I didn’t feel well then. Report what they said. Use the verbs tell, explain, ask, wonder. 1) Frank said to Diana: “I don’t like ballet.” 2) Paul said to Harry: “I don’t often go to the theatre.” 3) Moris said to David: “I am fond of musicals.” 4) Steve said to Robert: “We prefer seats in the stalls.” 5) Victor said to Rose: “My parents often go to the Bolshoi.” 6) Barbara said: “Does Alice know about the new performance?’ 7) Grace said: “Have you seen the ballet?” 8) Betty said: “Has he finished the play?” 9) Brian said: “Did Shakespeare really write 37 plays?” 10) Kevin said: “We enjoyed the concert very much.” ^ to explain [ik'splein] — объяснять ^ to wonder ['wAnda] — интересоваться Andy is fond of asking questions. Report what he says. Use wondered, wanted to know, asked. 1) Did Peter offer you a seat? 2) Did John consider a visit to the theatre? 3) Did Ann introduce herself? 4) Did they know anything about modern drama? 5) Did she try to connect the two events? Andy 6) Has he ever played that part? 7) Has she been a chorus singer? 8) Have they explained those facts? 9) Have we done it before? 10) Have you ever collected stamps? 67 r+ П) DO IT ОП1 YOUR owm Write what the children said to their parents when they returned. Example'. Greg: I was at the theatre. My seat was far from the stage. Greg told his parents that he had been to the theatre. He added that his seat had been far from the stage. 1. S i m о n: I was late for the performance. I can’t tell you anything about it. 2. К a t e: I came back at five. I prepared chicken salad for you. 3. В a r b a r a; We were at the circus. The show was wonderful. Look at the picture and write the names of some places (1—8) in the theatre. Write where there are the best and the worst seats in modern theatres and where you and your relatives prefer to sit when you go to the theatre. 68 LTt r+ Ф ■D 1Л Spell the words. 1) ['baelkani] 2) [steic^] 3) ['gaebri] Step 5 4) ['k3:tn] 5) [stDllz] 6) ['S3:kl] DO IT 01У TOGETHER 7) [’kbukrum] 8) ['fDiei] 9) [’baelei] 10) ['bufei] 11) ['bDkS|Dfls] 12) ['mju'.zikl] •a.- Listen to three texts, ^ (28), and match them with their titles (a—d). There's one title you don't have to use. a) His Hobby b) Her Dream Comes True c) Born to Dance d) The Young Film-Maker A. Complete the sentences with the words and word combinations from the box. arrived, fantastic, a pair of opera glasses, usher, audience, gallery, foyer, theatre, famous play, cloakroom, actors Last Sunday my family and I went to the (1) ... . We had tickets for “Romeo and Juliet”, the (2) ... by William Shakespeare. We (3) ... at the theatre long before the beginning. We left our coats at the (4) ... and decided to ask for (5) ... as our seats were in the (6) ..., far from the stage. We walked around the (7) ... and looked at the photos hanging on the walls. Then we bought a programme from the (8) ... . The performance was (9) ... . I liked the (10) ... very much. At the end the (11) ... applauded a lot. B. Describe the family's visit to the theatre. лМА4. 'ПГ\ Work in small groups and find out who takes the greatest interest in the theatre. Ask: if your friends have ever been to the theatre; what theatre(s) they go to or have been to; if they often (not very often, seldom, hardly ever) go to the theatre; if they know names of famous Russian theatres; if they know any names of famous Russian actors or actresses; if they can give some names of well-known Russian dramatists; if they can give some names of famous dramatists from other countries; what names of popular operas and ballets they know; what Russian composers [kam'pauzoz] wrote and write music for operas and ballets; what famous opera houses around the world they know and where they are situated. Listen, ^ (29), and repeat. A. blood [bUd] — кровь cruel [’krural] — жестокий devote [di'vaut] — посвящать devoted [di'vsutid] — преданный expensive [ik'spensiv] — дорогой produce [pra'djuis] — производить B. receive [ri'si:v] — 1) получать; 2) принимать {гостей, пациентов) scenery ['simari] — декорации thrill [0п1] — волновать, возбуждать blood: in blood, to give blood. Have you ever given blood to help sick people? The soldier’s leg was in blood. Blood is thicker than water, cruel: a cruel character, cruel words, to be cruel to somebody. It’s a cruel world. She had a cruel look in her eyes. devote: to devote one’s time to something or somebody, to devote one’s life to something, to devote oneself to something. Andrew devoted most of his time to painting. Mother Teresa devoted her life to the poor and the sick. I’m not ready to devote myself fully to my career, devoted: A devoted friend. He’s always been devoted to his work, expensive: an expensive car, expensive tastes. Does he always wear fashionable and expensive clothes? The seats in the stalls are fairly expensive. produce: to produce goodsS to produce an effect, to produce results. They produce the best wine in France. She can produce a tasty meal from nothing. receive: 1) to receive a letter, to receive a prize, to receive a medal. She received a camera as a birthday gift. 2) to receive visitors, to receive patients. What time can we receive our quests^? scenery {always takes the verb in the singular, no indefinite article!): The scenery was fantastic. There was practically no scenery on the stage, thrill: to thrill the audience, to thrill the children, thrilled, to be thrilled by the idea (by the information). We were thrilled to hear about your new job. 69 cn Г+ П) ■O 1Л Match the words in the two columns and then complete the sentences. A. 1) receive 2) devoted 3) produced B. a) seats b) blood c) scenery ^ goods — товары 2 a quest [gest] — гость 70 Ln r+ ro •D U1 4) cruel 5) was 6) red 7) expensive 8) beautiful d) himself e) letters f) characters g) wine h) thrilled 1) The curtains opened and we saw ... on the stage. 2) Nowadays people seldom ..., but they send e-mails a lot. 3) I have never liked ... in books, I have always tried to have nothing to do with cruel people in life. 4) There was some ... on the boy’s finger. 5) We seldom sit in the stalls, we have no money for ... . 6) John ... by the idea. 7) William Shakespeare ... to acting and writing plays. 8) They have always ... in this area. A. Before reading the text say a) what you know about William Shakespeare and b) what you would like to know. Read the text to see if it gives answers to your questions. The Great Bard William Shakespeare is one of the most famous writers of all. For hundreds of years his plays have been running in theatres all over the world in just about every language there is. Shakespeare’s plays were fantastically popular in his own time and they still are today. The great author was born in 1564 on 23 April to John and Mary Shakespeare. John Shakespeare was a glove maker and the family was quite comfortable. They lived in Stratford-upon-Avon, a small but busy town in central England. John Shakespeare sent his son William to school. When the boy left it at the age of about 14, he had to work in the family business. William Shakespeare didn’t go to university and never received a university education. He married early, at the age of 18. He and his wife Anne had three children, two girls and a boy. Sadly, the boy died when he was just 11. Then suddenly Shakespeare left Stratford for London. We don’t know for sure why he did it. A lot of people believe that he was thrilled by the idea of becoming an actor. In those days theatre was a very popular and not expensive form of entertainment in the country. People watched all kinds of plays which travelling theatre groups performed in the streets and squares. The performances were rather primitive ['primitiv]: there was no scenery, no music, no special effects. Probably Shakespeare joined one of such groups when he decided to devote his life to acting. The city of London was noisy, dangerous and possibly very dirty in those days. There were several theatres, or playhouses. One of them, the Theatre, was popular with Queen Elizabeth I herself. Here Shakespeare began his acting career and later started to write plays. In those days the tastes of the audiences were very different from what we like now. Theatre- goers enjoyed it when they saw cruel scenes [si:nz] or when there was blood all over the stage (they used sheep blood to produce the effect). Tragedies in which the central characters died at the end were especially popular with the public ['рлЬЬк]. В. You probably don't know the marked words. Did you understand them? What helped you to understand their meanings: a) the way the words look and sound or b) the context? C Listen, ^ (30), and read the text again. A. Remember the text and say who: had a family business; married early; died in his childhood; decided to be an actor in London; performed in the streets and squares; visited The Theatre; enjoyed cruel scenes; died at the end of tragic plays. B. Remember the text and say what: • is situated in central England; • was John Shakespeare’s family business; • was a popular entertainment in Shakespeare’s days; • was a dangerous place to live; • was Shakespeare’s first theatre; • the audiences wanted to see on the stage. 71 Г+ Ф ■O U1 DO IT 01У YOUR OWIU Complete the following sentences using past perfect. 1) Boris explained that he (not to understand) rule number 3. 2) Angela wanted to know if they (to be) there before. 3) Olaf asked if we (to buy) tickets for the new play. 4) Mother wondered if James (to pay) for the tickets to Paris. 5) Aunt Grace said she (to visit) the Bahrushin Theatre Museum in Moscow. 6) She added that she (to spend) three hours there. 7) Andrew told his brother he (to choose) a birthday present for their mother. Use the right forms of the verbs to add, to ask, to wonder, to explain, to tell, to say, to want in these sentences. 1) Boris ... to his sister that he had already spoken to their trainer. 2) Margaret ... to know if they had finished building their garage. 3) Andrew ... if my cousin had flown to America. 4) Albert ... that he had lost his textbook. 5) Ann ... to the children what they should do. 6) We ... that we were leaving for Moscow from Moskovsky railway station at seven. 7) We ... that we didn’t want to be late for the train. Spell the words. 1) [di'v9utid] 3) [’кги:э1] 5) [0ril] 2) ['siinari] 4) [ik'spensiv] 6) [n'si:v] 7) [pr9'dju:s] 8) [blAd] 72 i/i r+ fD ■Q 0) Write these in English. 1) Принимать посетителей; 2) получать подарки; 3) дорогие билеты; 4) производить товары; 5) жестокие люди; 6) сдавать кровь; 7) быть взволнованным идеей; 8) преданные друзья; 9) неудивительно; 10) необычные декорации. Step 6 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, (31), and match the texts (1—5) with their titles (a—f). There is one title you don't have to use. a) The Way to the New Globe Theatre b) Making Shakespeare’s Plays Easier c) Born to Be Famous d) The Longest Play by Shakespeare e) The Places Connected with the Poet f) The Secret of the True Author Read the following word combinations. cruel characters cruel behaviour cruel words fantastic scenery primitive scenery unusual scenery expensive clothes expensive goods expensive belongings to devote one’s time to devote one’s power to devote one’s life to receive guests to receive visitors to receive the delegation to produce goods to produce wine to produce the effect to be thrilled by the words royal blood to be thrilled by the play red blood A. Read the text and complete it with the word combinations (a—h). Give the text a name. 73 a) destroyed it again b) was an entertainment for both c) 14-line love poems d) there was no scenery e) winter’s night f) died in 1616 on April 23 g) used 18,000 different words h) which destroyed it CO r+ fD ■a Theatres in the 16th century were not like they are today. They were round buildings open to the sky in the middle. There were no lights or lamps and they showed their plays in the afternoon. The actors (men and boys only) performed on the stage where (1) ... . Most of the audience stood to watch a play for a penny. More expensive tickets could get you a seat in the gallery or in a box. In those days theatre (2) ... the rich and the poor. In 1598 Shakespeare’s company of actors had a serious problem with renting the building. So one snowy (3) ... they took their belongings to the south bank of the Thames. Then they built the theatre in just 28 days and called it The Globe. By that time Shakespeare already had a reputation of a poet and a dramatist, or playwrights Sadly, in 1613 during a performance The Globe caught fire, (4) ... . They rebuilt it but soon the Puritans^ closed the theatre and (5) ... . Anyway, it happened after William Shakespeare had left London for Stratford where he lived out the last years of his life and (6) ..., his birthday. During his life he wrote 37 plays, several longer poems and 154 sonnets. His sonnets are (7) ..., wise and beautiful. Even nowadays people learn them by heart and remember lines from them. The great writer’s plays are no less popular. One of their se- ^ a playwright = a dramatist — драматург ^ the Puritans — пуритане, радикальное крыло протестантов, последователей религиозно-философского учения, распространённого в Англии в XVI—XVII веках. Пуритане (от англ, pure — чистый) выступали за чистоту веры и против различных светских развлечений, включая театральные зрелища. crets ['si:kr9ts] lies in the fact that he was so great at using words: he could (and still can) make audiences sad, happy, thrilled, excited. He (8) ... (a lot more than most writers). We know for a fact that Shakespeare made up about 2,000 new words himself, some of his phrases have become so common that people use them every day. His works teach us to understand life and people and will always be internationally important. 74 B. Listen, Л (32), and read the text again. r+ rD T3 Ф A. Answer the following questions. 1) How was the English theatre different from the modern theatre? 2) Why did the actors always perform in the afternoon in the 16th century? 3) How long did it take members of Shakespeare’s company to build The Globe? 4) Where and when did they build it? 5) What happened to the Globe Theatre in 1613? 6) Where did the author of “Hamlet” spend the last years of his life? 7) How many plays and sonnets did Shakespeare write? 8) What do you think makes Shakespeare’s plays so popular nowadays? B. Say all you can about: a) English theatres in the 16th century; b) the Globe Theatre of the 16th century; c) the last years of Shakespeare’s life; d) the importance of the great poet’s works to us. You know the words in column A. Read the sentences and say what the words In column В mean. A. 1) cruel 2) thrill 3) devote 4) connect 5) possible 6) character B. cruelty thrilling devotion connection impossible characteristic 1) Mr Dobson is a very cruel man. He hates dogs and other animals. His neighbours always speak about his cruelty. 2) Our journey to Africa was full of exciting and thrilling things. 3) Helen is a very good daughter. She looks after her sick mother very well. Her devotion to the old lady surprises everybody. 4) I don’t see any connection between the question and the answer. 5) Behave yourself. Bob! You shouldn't speak to your granny like that. Your behaviour is absolutely impossible. 6) The white stone houses are characteristic of the island. Reported Speech Если глагол, который вводит прямую речь, используется в past simple, при переводе прямой речи в косвенную следует помнить о том, что необходимо производить определённые лексические изменения. here ^ there this that today ^ that day ago before now these then > those yesterday ^ the day before last night (week, year) ^ the previous ['priivios] night (week, year) Sarah said: "I bought the tickets yesterday." Sarah said she had bought the tickets the day before. Dr Gordon asked: "Did you live here last year?" Dr Gordon wondered if I had lived there the previous year. 75 tn r-f* rD ■o Ф Report what they said or asked. Use the verbs told (sb), explained {to sb), asked, wondered, wanted to know. 1) F r a n к to Paul: I have already done my work today. 2) D i a n a to Julia: These days I often go to the theatre. 3) A 1 a n to George: We did it last week. 4) M a r у to Colin: My parents live here. 5) H a r r у to Nancy: I am very busy now. 6) A n d r e w to Bob: Three years ago they were at school. 7) S t e V e (to you): Have you done a lot today? 8) M a X (to you): Did you work at the factory last year? 9) D i a n a to Olga: Did you buy a new dictionaty yesterday? 10) Peter to Sally: Did they travel much last month? Report what they said or asked. Don't forget to change the words this, these, here, today, now, yesterday, last, ago. 1) Margaret: I have already read this book. 2) T о n y: We have met here before. 3) A 1 e c: They are having lunch now. 4) F r e d: We have not seen these comedies. 5) P о 1 1 y: I have had breakfast today. 6) G r e g: They drove to their club an hour ago. 7) V i c t о r: We bought a cute puppy yesterday. 8) Mike: My family was travelling a lot last year. 9) C h a r 1 e s: I finished my story last Sunday. 10) Kevin: We spoke to him two days ago. 76 LTI r+ (Ь •D SI DO IT OIU YOUR OWN Q| Use past simple or past perfect to complete the sentences. 1) By 7 o’clock, Barbara explained, they (finish) the job. 2) Oleg (tell) me that he (buy) the vegetables the day before. 3) When my parents (return) I already (cook) supper and was watching television. 4) Alice added they (be) to that theatre several times. 5) My new friends wondered if I (can) show them Moscow. 6) James wondered if we (send) the e-mail to his manager. |Я Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences. 1) I have already met him (today/that day). 2) Bob wondered if we had met James (yesterday/the day before). 3) I saw them three days (ago/ before). 4) Ron explained that he had bought (these/those) very expensive tickets (yesterday/the day before). 5) As she says, (last/the previous night) Aunt Georgina slept badly. 6) Alice says she is writing a new book (now/then). 7) Have we met (here/there) in this beautiful place before? 8) David wondered if I had seen my parents (yesterday/the previous day). Use the words from the box in their right forms to complete these sentences. cruel, cruelty, thrill, thrilling, devote, devotion, connect, connection, possible, impossible, character, characteristic 1) It is ... to sing and eat at the same time. 2) Everybody knows about Mary’s ... to her family and children. 3) That kind of behaviour is not ... of him. 4) I have no ... with their family. 5) I think there are two ... answers to this question. 6) There are six ... in the play. 7) The man was very ... to his dog — he often forgot to feed the poor animal. 8) This road ... the two farms. 9) Julia ... her life to music. 10) Going to the sea was a ... idea, we all loved seaside holidays. 11) I hate ... in children. Kids should be kinder to each other. 12) It was a great ... to win the first prize. Get ready to speak about William Shakespeare. Don't forget to write an outline to make your story more logical. Step 7 A, DO IT TOGETHER Listen, (33), to the text about young Shakespeare and complete the sentences. 1) That day William Shakespeare was thrilled because he could ... . a) wear his best clothes b) sing together with the actors c) see the actors who were coming to Stratford 2) William learnt about the coming actors ... . a) in the street b) in the house where he lived c) in his father’s shop 3) The actors coming to Stratford that day ... a) were not a common travelling company b) were travelling with the Queen c) often visited Stratford to give their performances 4) William went to see the performance ... . a) with his parents b) with one of his parents c) all by himself 5) William .... a) liked the long speeches of the play b) understood every word of the play c) could hardly understand anything 6) William .... a) liked the performance very much b) didn’t think the performance was good enough c) was surprised to see a fight in the play 77 tn r+ Q T3 Read the names of plays and say which of them are by William Shakespeare. Affs Well Zh4s WeD J ( King L».ar Listen, ^ (34), and repeat. A. alike [o'laik] — adj похожий; adv похоже, таким же образом allow [a'lau] — разрешать, позволять fair [feo] — 1) справедливый; 2) светлый; 3) красивый hold [haold] — держать, содержать refuse [ri'fjurz] — отказывать(ся) reply [ri'plai] — отвечать safe [seifl — безопасный willingly ['wiliqli] — охотно в. 78 {/) П) ~о alike adj: to be alike, to look alike. Twins are often very much alike. The two sisters don’t really look alike. alike adv: to speak alike, to act alike, to think alike. We are members of one and the same team but we don’t always act alike. allow: to allow sb to do sth. My parents don’t allow me to return home late. You mustn’t allow your children to do everything they want. fair: 1) a fair person, a fair law, a fair government. Life is not always fair. It won’t be fair to the others. 2) fair hair; Alice is fair, she has light hair. 3) “My Fair Lady” is my favourite film. hold (held, held): to hold a bag in one’s hand, to hold a book under one’s arm, to hold a coin between one’s fingers. Jack held the sandwich between his teeth. Grace held her baby in her arms. refuse: to refuse to do sth, to refuse to help, to refuse to apologized It is not polite to refuse when they invite you to dinner. reply: to reply sadly, to reply with a smile, to reply to a letter, to reply to somebody. Greg replied quietly that he had already done the work. It took them 3 days to reply to my e-mail. What did you reply to your friend? safe: safe steps, a safe habitat, from a safe distance, to keep something safe. Keep your credit card safe. Is it safe to park my car here? Safe and sound. They arrived safe and sound after their journey in the desert. willingly: to do something willingly, to help somebody willingly. Jane will willingly do it for you. Work in pairs. Read the questions with the new words and answer them. 1) Do you willingly help your parents about the house? with the shopping? with family problems? What can you willingly do for the family? your friends? 2) Do your parents always allow you to do what you want? Do you often ask them to allow you to do something unusual? Will you allow your future children to do everything they like? What won’t you allow them to do? 3) Do you often refuse people when they ask you to help? What did you refuse to do last? Do your parents often refuse to do what you ask them? Do you understand why they refuse? What about your friends? Do they often refuse you? And you, do you often refuse them? 4) What do you usually reply when people say: “Hi, how are you?” Do you always reply when people ask you questions? What questions do you usually reply with a smile? Do you always reply to text messages^ at once? 5) Do you think it is easy to be fair? Can you say you are a fair person? Are all your friends always fair? If something is fair to you, do you think it is always fair to the others? 6) Where do you hold your schoolbag when you go to school? Do you sometimes ask people to hold your bag or other things for you? When can you do it? 7) Do you always feel safe in the place where you live? Are stadiums nowadays safe places for the spectators? Is it safe to cross the street ^ to apologize [э'ро1эфа1г] — извиняться ^ text message = sms when the red light is on? Why do you think people often do it? Why don’t people often do what is safe? Listen, (35), and read the text. Think of how this story could develop. Or, maybe, you know the true ending of this comedy by Shakespeare? William Shakespeare wrote his famous comedy “The Twelfth Night, or What You Wiir in 1600. Two centuries later Charles and Mary Lamb told the play in the form of a story for children. You are going to read the beginning of this story. Sebastian and his sister Viola were twins, and from their birth they were so much alike, that only the difference in their dress allowed people to know who was who. They were both born in one hour, and in one hour they were both in danger of dying when the ship on which they were making a sea voyage struck on a rock near the coast of Illyria. There was a terrible storm, and a very small number of the ship’s crew survived. The captain ['kasptin] of the ship, with a few of his sailors got to the land in a small boat, and with them they brought Viola safe on shore, where she, poor lady, began to cry because she thought that she had lost her brother. The captain, how-ever\ explained to her that he had seen her brother when Sebastian was holding on to a strong mast and so he hoped that the young man had survived. After the captain’s words Viola felt a little better as he had given her some hope, and now considered what she could do in a foreign country, so far from home; and she asked the captain if he knew anything of Illyria. “Ay, very well, madam,” replied the captain, “as I was born not far from this place.” — “Who governs^ here?” wondered Viola. The captain told her that it was Duke^ Orsino, a man of noble nature. Viola said she had heard about Orsino from her father, and that he was unmarried then. “And he is so now,” said the captain. He added that many people thought Orsino was in love with fair Olivia. But Olivia, whose father and brother had died not long before, didn’t want to hear about Orsino’s love. Viola asked the captain to introduce her to Lady Olivia saying she could be helpful to her. But he replied it was impossible because Olivia refused to receive anybody in her house after her brother’s death. Then Viola made another plan. She decided to become Duke Orsino’s page. It was an unusual idea for a young lady to put on men’s clothes and try to look like a boy. But Viola, who was young and of uncommon beauty, alone and in a foreign land, thought that men’s clothes could protect her. a page a mast [ma:st] 79 r+ (b T3 ’ however [hau'evs] — однако, тем не менее ^ to govern ['длуэп] — управлять а duke [dju:k] — герцог % 80 СП r+ ф тз 41 Say which of the following facts are true, false or not stated in the text. 1) Sebastian and Olivia were brother and sister. 2) Sebastian and Viola were sailing on a ship when it struck on a rock. 3) Only seven members of the crew survived in the storm. 4) Illyria was the captain’s homeland. 5) Orsino was a very good ruler of his land. 6) Orsino and Olivia were in love with each other. 7) Both Orsino and Olivia were not married. 8) Olivia didn’t need Viola’s help. 9) Viola was a good-looking young lady. 10) Viola put on men’s clothes because she looked good in them, to legin with at the beginning Рассказывая о каких-либо событиях, мы используем слова, которые помогают нам выстроить последовательность повествования. Вот некоторые из них. Повествование Начало Продол- жение Возвращение к прошлому Параллель- ные события Окончание first first of all to begin with, at the beginning next then after that later (on) previously (ранее) some time before before that just then meanwhile (тем временем) in the meantime (b это же время) eventually (наконец) finally in the end Не забудьте, что, если нужно рассказать о событиях, предшествовавших основному действию, глаголы используют в форме past perfect. Например: We greatly enjoyed the picnic, though previously we had spent much time preparing for it: making sandwiches and buying everything necessary. Complete this story with the "time words" that help to structure It. Poor Viola found herself in a strange land. (1)... she didn’t know what to do and where to go, but (2)... she calmed down and began thinking hard. (3)... there had been a terrible storm and her ship had struck on a rock. Only very few people had survived including Viola herself and the ship’s captain. So Viola decided to learn something about this new land. Luckily the captain knew a lot about Illyria. He explained that the ruler of the country was Duke Orsino who loved fair Olivia, but Olivia couldn’t return his love as (4)... her father and brother had died and the young lady couldn’t think about anything else. (5)... Orsino didn’t lose hope to get the girl’s love. When Viola came to Orsino’s palace she wondered if there was a job for her ((6)... she had dressed like a boy). Viola became Orsino’s page. The duke had a plan to send his new page to Olivia to tell her about Orsino’s feelings. (7)... the girl didn’t like this idea but (8)... she had to pay a visit to Olivia. DO IT 01У YOUR OWIU Write which of the toys, leaves, cups, cars are alike. 81 LO Г+ 0) ■O 41 Jim asked his brother Tim six questions. Report them. Jim to Tim: 1) Did you begin doing homework yesterday? 2) Have you broken your mobile today? 3) Did you choose the dictionaries last Sunday? 4) Did you hang the picture on the wall yesterday? 5) Are you reading comedies by Shakespeare now? 6) Have you met your love here? Spell the words. 1) ['wihgli] 2) [o'laik] 3) [o'lau] 4) [ri'fju:z] 5) [fea] 6) [ri'plai] 7) [seif] 8) [hauld] Write these in English. 1) Разрешить сделать что-то; 2) невозможное поведение; 3) светлые волосы; 4) прекрасная дама; 5) отказаться извиниться; 6) охотно помочь другу; 7) выглядеть похоже; 8) необычная жестокость; 9) держать сумку под мышкой; 10) безопасный район. 82 ? чГА step 8 Consolidation and Extension DO IT TOGETHER Listen to four texts about Russian theatres, (36), and match the names (1—4) with the statements (a—e). One statement you don't have to use. r+ П) ■D 00 1) The Mayakovsky Moscow Academic Theatre 2) The Volkov Theatre 3) The Perm Tchaikovsky Opera and Ballet Theatre 4) The Mariinsky Theatre a) This theatre often shows its performances abroad. b) This theatre is good to visit if you like Russian music. c) This theatre has an original house. d) This theatre appeared in Russia before all the others. e) Music of nowadays sounds within the walls of this theatre. Read these word combinations. to hold out one’s hand to hold a speech to hold your head high to work willingly to reply willingly to sing willingly to reply to the guestion to reply to your friend to reply to your guest a safe place a safe house safe and sound to refuse a meal to refuse to join the choir to refuse to stay any longer to allow something to allow nothing to allow everything to look alike to speak alike to dress alike fair hair a fair word a fair reply Choose past simple or past perfect of the verbs in brackets to complete the text. Ann liked the theatre in her home city very much and she often (1) ... (go) there to see the old and new plays. She (2) ... (love) every part of it — the dark boxes, the long rows of seats in the stalls, the wide stage and the beautiful curtains. Ann always (3) ... (buy) programmes from the ushers and then at home after the performance she often (4) ... (lie) in bed and (5) ... (think) about the things she (6) ... (see) and the lines of the text she (7) ... (hear). She (8) ... (try) to remember how the actors (9) ... (move) on the stage and how they (10) ... (sing). 83 Ln Г+ П) ■O 00 в английском языке имена существительные часто образуются при помощи суффиксов -апсе/-епсе и -ist. -ist science + ist = scientist (учёный) ecology + ist = ecologist (эколог) piano + ist = pianist (пианист) -ance important — importance (важность, значимость) elegant — elegance (элегантность) -ence prefer — preference (предпочтение) present — presence (присутствие) A. Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. 1) He understands I’m sure Mr Morgan is a ... what is going on. Fyodor Rokotov was one of the best ... in Russia. “The ... of Being Earnest” is a famous play by Oscar Wilde, the famous British playwright. Charles Darwin was a well-known ... of the 19th century. 5) She was a tall, slim young woman of unusual ... . Alexander Fleming (1881 —1955) is a famous English... who discovered penicillin. Do you know anything about Leon’s ...s? Why did he say that in your ...? What theatres are popular with ...s? 10) I’m sure he doesn’t understand the ... of the problem. 2) 3) 4) 6) 7) 8) 9) real portrait important nature elegant biology prefer present tour important 84 г+ П) ■О 00 в. Read the text and complete it with the derivatives of the words on the right. Her Hobby Rose Wilson is a true theatre (1) ... . She is a (2) ... young girl with fair hair and (3) ... blue eyes. People speak about her (4) ... clothes and the (5) ... of her style. Rose is much interested in the lives of (6) ... (7) ...s and has a very big (8) ... of their photos. I think it is (9) ... to know so much about theatre life but she does. go love, wonder fashion elegant fame, act, collect possible Phrasal Verbs 1) hold on — ждать 3) hold out — протягивать Hold on a minutel She is com- He held the book out and I took ing. it. 2) hold on to something — 4) hold up — задерживать держаться за что-то Hold on to my hand, Г11 you out. get I wonder what is holding her up. Complete the sentences using on, out, up. 1) All these telephone calls are holding me ... . 2) Hold ... a minute, Г11 just get a pen! 3) The bad weather held ... the arrival of the boat. 4) The criminals held ... the train and took all the money. 5) The girl was holding ... to the branch of a tree trying not to fall down. 6) John held ... his hand and took the backpack with our exercise books. 7) Could I speak to Jimmy, please? — Hold ..., I’ll call him. 8) You will fall if you don’t hold ... to the chair. 9) Pamela held the toy ... and I took it. 10) If you don’t finish the job by 4, Г11 hold you ... at work longer than usual. 11) “It’s for you,” she said, holding ... the phone to me. A Read the text and complete it with the missing parts (a—f). 85 a) like they were 400 years before b) the theatre had stood once c) they will give you a rain hat d) as in Shakespeare’s time e) had died several years before f) decided to rebuild The Globe LO Г+ ГТ) •D 00 The New Globe Theatre In 1949, an American actor Sam Wa-namaker came to London where he wanted to visit the famous Globe Theatre in which William Shakespeare had staged his plays. What he found was the place where (1) ... . Wanamaker was in shock and (2) ... . It took many years to collect enough money and even longer to find out what the theatre had looked like in the old days. In June 1997, Queen Elizabeth II opened the International Shakespeare Globe Centre, a replica of Shakespeare’s theatre. Sadly, Sam Wanamaker (3) ... the opening and wasn’t in the audience to see his dream finally come true. Today, performances at the new Globe are very much (4) ... . There is no scenery and practically no equipment such as microphones ['maikrofounz]. And (5) ..., the audience is free to shout to the actors and comment on the play and the acting. Women now play on the stage of The Globe, but from time to time they give all-men performances in original [э'пфпэ!] costumes and without interval. If it rains, however, (6) ... for you not to get wet. B. You probably don't know the marked words. Did you understand their meanings? What helped you to understand: a) the way they look and sound, b) the context or both? A. Work in small groups and make a list of reasons why theatre is not dying, though it has so many rivals (cinema, television, etc). B. Compare your lists. Decide which arguments are the strongest. DO IT ON YOUR OWN 86 LO r+ 0> ■O 00 Report these sentences. Try to use wonder, want to know, explain, add. 1) Kevin asked: “Did Tom introduce himself then?” 2) Bob said: “I have appeared in the film on television.” 3) Greg asked: “Have you offered your new plan to the crew?” 4) Sarah said to me: “Yesterday they bought some books for their children.” 5) Mr Ross said: “My son has finished one of the Harry Porter books last month.” 6) Ron asked: “Did you visit the actors a week ago?” 7) Tom said: “I returned the books to the library last Saturday.” 8) Mary asked: “Did you enjoy the performance?” Complete the sentences. Use the derivatives of the words on the right. 1) People know little about his ... 2) The actors were very ... and smiling. We liked them a lot. 3) It was ... to finish the job in five days. 4) Alexander Ostrovsky is a well-known Russian ... . 5) “Wolves and Sheep” is a ... play by A. Ostrovsky. 6) The Bolshoi Theatre in the centre of Moscow is ... important. 7) All ... countries sent their ...s to take part in the Festival. 8) John has always been very ... . He can’t do a thing by himself. cruel friend possible drama fame international Europe, act help •J Complete the sentences with end or hold in their right forms. 1) The performance ... with a very powerful scene. 2) I ... out my hand for the ticket but remembered that I had no money. 3) Something ... them up and they were late for the beginning of the play. 4) My parents ... on to the idea that theatre is the best kind of entertainment. 5) We have very little time, we can only ... on another minute, then weTl have to go. 6) After walking about the city they ... up in a cosy small cafe. 7) The play ... with the hero’s death. 8) ... on! You forgot your opera glasses. Get ready to speak about your favourite actor/actress. You may mention the following: • when he/she was born; • where he/she was born; • when and where he/she began his career; • if he/she appeared in any films; in what theatre he/she plays now; if people know him abroad; what parts are his/her best parts; why you like him/her so much. step 9 Revision DO IT TOGETHER Listen, (37), and say which of the following facts are true, false or not stated in the text. 87 tn r+ ro ■Q KD Puppet shows appeared hundreds of years ago. Puppet shows appeared in more than one country, on more than one continent. They believe that the tradition of puppet shows began in Europe. There are different kinds of puppets. Shakespeare wrote for the puppet theatre. Mozart wrote for the puppet theatre. Punch and Judy shows have never been so popular as they were in the 16th century. Russian Petrushka is younger than British Punch. Petrushka wears a red shirt and a red fool’s cap. ^9^ ▼ Обоати Обратите внимание на различие этих слов и словосочетаний. 1. Слова like и alike указывают на сходство, но используются в речи по-разному. Сравните: Г is Г are А S feels like В. L acts Jane is like Alice. 2. At the end (b конце чего-либо) at the end of the summer at the end of the street at the end of the letter at the end of the film A and В alike. feel Lact Jane and Alice are alike. In the end (b конечном счёте, в конце концов) They tried hard to find the answer and they found it in the end. He found it difficult to make his choice but became a doctor in the end. 88 r+ Ф ■О Choose the right items to complete the sentences. 1) They got married (at/in) the end of the movie. 2) His four daughters are very much (alike/like). 3) Beatrice, (alike/like) her mother, drives a car very well. 4) What did he write (at/in) the end of his letter? 5) (At/ In) the end of the winter the weather was unusually warm. 6) They wanted to stage several plays and (at/in) the end chose “The Seagull” by A. Chekhov. 7) Puppies (alike/like) kittens are fond of playing with a ball. 8) Mary didn’t like to stay in three-star hotels. Four- and five-star hotels were very expensive. (At/In) the end we decided to rent a flat in a cosy cottage near the lake. 9) Why do you say that the games are (alike/like)? I find them quite different. 10) My house is not (alike/like) yours. What prepositions will you use to complete the sentences? 1) He said he had bought four tickets ... the Bolshoi Theatre. 2) There is no shop ... the end of our street. 3) Konstantin Stanislavsky devoted all his life ... the theatre. 4) People buy programmes ... the usher. 5) Our seats were not ... the stalls, they were ... the gallery. 6) At the theatre people leave their coats ... the cloakroom. 7) I have always been fond ... opera. 8) He said he hadn’t been able to buy a train ticket ... St Petersburg. 9) The actors appeared ... the stage ... the end of the performance. 10) We have no connection ... this branch of the family. Read the text and choose the right items to complete the sentences after it. What Is a Pantomime? A pantomime ['paentamaim] tells a story, an old story, often a children’s story like “Cinderella’’^ “Dick Whittington and His Cat”, or “Aladdin and His Lamp”. A pantomime is full of music and dance, but it is not an opera or a ballet. There are often clowns and animals in a pantomime, but it is not a circus. A pantomime is... a pantomime. A good pantomime is very funny, but there is often a lesson in it too. Good people have to fight bad people, and always win in the end. So children learn about Right and Wrong and True Love. And they have a good time in the theatre. They can laugh, shout and sing. It’s all part of a real pantomime. Pantomime appeared in the ancient world of Greece and Rome. The ancient Romans ate and drank a lot and danced in the streets during a big winter festival. Women wore men’s clothes and men wore women’s clothes. In a modern pantomime they do the same too. ^ Cinderella [ smda'reb] — Золушка 89 Г+ П) ■о ш The word pantomime comes from Greece and Rome too. Pantomime was the Latin name for a special kind of actor. Such actors never spoke but used their bodies, faces and hands to tell a story. This has always been a part of pantomime. In the 16th century groups of actors used to travel round Italy and France. They told stories through words and mimeh The characters were always the same — Harlequin ['harhkwin], a poor but clever young man. Columbine ['kobrnbam], a pretty girl, and Pantaloon [,paent9'lu:n], her father. He is a nasty old man and has a servant Clown. Harlequin loves Columbine and wants to marry her. Pantaloon says “No,” but the young people run away together. Pantaloon and Clown try to catch them, but Clown is really helping Harlequin. Together they play a lot of tricks on the stupid old man and he never catches the young lovers. Harlequin has a magic stick^, so he can quickly change people and things. Tricks and quick changes are an important part of modern pantomime. The first English pantomime appeared in England in 1721. Nowadays people know it as a kind of British play for children and perform it at Christmas. Schoolchildren often stage pantomimes themselves at schools. A modern pantomime is full of the ideas of the past. The stories are different but the characters are the same. People know the stories and wait for their favourite characters to appear. They are Principal Boy, a hero (a young woman always performs this part), the Dame [deim], ugly and old (a man always is in this part) who is very funny, and a comic animal such as the pantomime horse, that can talk and dance. 1) In the UK a pantomime is ... . a) a musical performance in the circus b) an opera or ballet performance c) a play for children that people usually show at Christmas ^ mime [maim] — 1) мим, участник пантомимы; 2) движения тела ^ а magic stick [|mae(hik'stik] — волшебная палочка 90 r+ П) ■о ш 2) А pantomime сап teach children ... . a) to love animals b) to behave themselves c) to understand what is good and fair 3) During the pantomime the audience has to ... . a) be quiet b) take part in the performance c) fight bad people 4) A pantomime first appeared in ... . a) ancient countries b) the Middle Ages c) in the 16th century 5) There were ... characters in a pantomime in the 16th century, a) two b) three c) four 6) The first pantomime appeared in England ... . a) in the 18th century b) in the 16th century c) in the 17th century Answer the questions about the pantomime. 1) What is a pantomime? When and where did it appear? 2) What were the traditional characters in Italian or French pantomimes of the 16th century? 3) What are the usual characters of a modern pantomime? 4) Can you say that a pantomime tells a story? Is it always a children’s story? 5) When did pantomimes first appear in Britain? 6) When do they usually show pantomimes in Britain nowadays? 7) What stories can the audience see during a pantomime? 8) Why do they often show pantomimes at schools? You are going to stage a pantomime in your class. The story for the pantomime is “Cinderella". Work in small groups and decide: a) who is going to play Prince, Cinderella, the stepmother, the ugly sisters, the horse, and possibly some other characters; b) what is going to happen to the characters. Remember that the old story should get a new development. Comment on one of these statements. a) Theatre is not an entertainment for everyone. b) This world is a comedy to those that think, a tragedy to those that feel. {Horace Walpole) c) All the world is a stage, All the people are players. {William Shakespeare) d) The art of the theatre is the only form of art of which the public is a part. e) A play is not for all time, it is for this moment. DO IT OIU YOUR OWiy This is the list of events in the famous fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood". Complete the sentences with the time words from the box and put them in their logical order. after that, meanwhile/in the meantime, in the end, previously, later on, just then, then, first a) ... we learn the girl’s name and get some facts about her family. b) ... after the talk with Big Bad Wolf the girl went on with her trip. c) ... her mother had given her a pot of butter to take it to Granny’s house. d) ... the Wolf ran to the Granny’s house and ate the old lady up. e) ... we meet her walking in the forest. f) But ... girl saved her Granny and the fairy tale ended happily. g) So Little Red Ridding Hood was looking at the flowers and ... she saw a wolf. Match the words in the two columns. 91 Г+ Ф ■D Example: just then — at that moment A. B. 1) receive a) at that moment 2) consider b) finally 3) just then c) answer 4) then d) later on 5) thrilling e) hero 6) previously f) playhouse 7) theatre g) stage 8) character h) before that 9) eventually i) get 10) allow j) exciting 11) reply k) let 12) platform 1) think over Get ready to speak about: • William Shakespeare, his life and works; the history of entertainment; a visit to a theatre; some theatre in Russia or abroad; pantomime. Revise the words for Test 2. 92 to Г+ П) ■Q T3 add, alike, allow, balcony, blood, box, box office, buffet, character, characteristic, circle, classical, cloakroom, connect, connection, consider, cruel, cruelty, curtain, devote, devotion, drama, dramatist, ecologist, elegance, entertainment, eventually, expensive, explain, fair, finally, foyer, gallery, god, hold, importance, impossible, interval, introduce, meanwhile, offer, opera glasses, orchestra, organize, pianist, orchestra, pit, possible, preference, previous, previously, presence, produce, programme, receive, refuse, reply, row, safe, scenery, stage, stalls, theatregoer, thrill, thrilled, thrilling, ticket, usher, willingly, wonder to hold — held — held safe and sound in the end just then to receive visitors to introduce oneself in the meantime later on to produce results to hold on, to hold up, to hold out, to hold on to first of all devoted friend Step 10 Test Yourself I. LISTENING Listen, ^ (40), and choose the right items to complete the sentences. 1) The text is about ... . a) pantomimes b) fairy stories c) comedies 2) The part of Aladdin’s mother is ... a) serious b) not serious c) tragic ['traecfeik] 3) Aladdin does ... . a) all that Abanazar tells him to do b) nothing of what Abanazar tells him to do c) something of what Abanazar tells him to do Aladdin Twankey 4) The text ... . a) tells us how the Genie ['ф1:п1] helps Aladdin b) doesn’t tell us how the Genie helps Aladdin c) tells us something of how the Genie helps Aladdin 93 Ln r+ Ф “D Abanazar the Genie Princess Maximum result 4 Your result 7 II. READING Read the text and say which of these facts are not in it. 1) What people thought of Tchaikovsky’s music in his time. 2) What they think of his music today. 3) Tchaikovsky’s hobbies in the early years of his life. 4) Tchaikovsky’s family. 5) Tchaikovsky’s student’s years. 6) The ballets he composed. 7) The countries the composer visited in Europe. 8) The composer’s last music piece. P. I. Tchaikovsky and His Music Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840—1893) is one of the most important figures in the history of music. He wrote some of the most popular melodies ['mebdiz] of all times. People all over the world know and love his ballet music. Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, Russia, in 1840. Young Peter showed an early interest in music. He began taking piano lessons at the age of five and very soon he learned to play better than his teacher. His mother died when Peter was fourteen, he felt very unhappy and began to write music which helped him. At the age of twenty-three he became a full-time student at St Petersburg Conservatory [kan'ssrvatri]. The next twelve years of his life he devoted to teaching and taught students at the Moscow Conservatory. In the meantime he wrote music. 94 LO r+ П) ■о At the beginning of his career his compositions were not always successful. Many people thought his music was too modern and too sentimental. But with time audiences everywhere came to love Tchaikovsky’s musical style which was full of feeling and could excite them. By the end of his life, in the late 19th century Tchaikovsky had become the greatest living composer. Between 1888 and 1893 Tchaikovsky visited Europe and the USA. In 1893 he gave the first performance of his Sixth Symphony ['simfoni]. He called it the “Pathetic” (full of feelings). Tchaikovsky considered his Sixth Symphony to be his best composition. It was also his last. Two weeks after he had finished this symphony he died. Nowadays, Tchaikovsky’s operas and ballets are among the most popular performances all over the world. You can see such ballets as “Swan Lake”, “Sleeping Beauty” and “The Nutcracker” on many European and American stages. His operas are also well known and many Russian theatres stage them. Maximum result 4 Your result 7 III. USE OF ENGLISH Read what Chris said about the pantomime he had seen. Report what he said. “It was cold outside but in the theatre the people felt warm and cosy. Then it became dark and the curtain went up. Suddenly the Clown jumped on to the stage. He greeted the children and their parents. Their answers were not loud enough. The Clown asked the children to speak louder. They shouted their greetings. The performance began. 1) Chris said... 2) He also said that... 3) Chris went on to say that suddenly... 4) He added that the clown... 5) He added that their answers... 6) Chris said that the Clown... 7) He also said that the children... 8) Chris explained that the performance... Maximum result 8 Your result 7 Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences. 1) The central (character/characteristic) of the play is a scientist who is working at a difficult problem. 2) My friend (connected/wondered) why I hadn’t phoned him. 3) My parents and I love to (receive/refuse) friends in our house. 4) If you can’t find your seat in the theatre, ask (the dramatist/an usher) to help you. 5) Our seats were (on/in) the gallery, rather far from the stage. 6) Hold (on/up) a minute, I’m nearly ready. 7) My friend is very much (alike/like) me: we both like the same things. 8) The scenery of the play (was/were) fantastic. 9) When I told father about my problem, he (previously/willingly) offered his help. 10) He couldn’t decide what to do for a long time and (at/in) the end became a music teacher. Maximum result 10 Your result 7 IV. SPEAKING Speak about William Shakespeare's life and career. Mention these: • Shakespeare’s early years; • Shakespeare’s family life; • Shakespeare’s plays; • Shakespeare, an actor; • “The Globe” then and now. 95 r+ ro •D Maximum result 15 Your result 7 V. WRITING Write these in English: 1) представить твоего друга сестре; 2) билеты в театр; 3) купить программу у капельдинера (билетёра); 4) светлые волосы; 5) в конце концов; 6) предложить маме чашку чая; 7) в гардеробе (театра); 8) в театральной кассе; 9) история развлечений; 10) охотно сделать что-то. Maximum result 10 Your result 7 Total result 51 Your result 7 DO IT 01У YOUR OWN Do Project Work 2. Find out what happened to Olivia, Viola, Orsino, Duke of Illyria and Sebastian in Shakespeare’s “The Twelfth Night”. Write a story about their adventures. Illustrate your story with the photos of the actors who played in the performance or pictures of scenery from the Internet, or your own pictures. Ask your family and/or friends to help you if necessary. 96 Book Guide .......................................................... 3 UNIT 1. Sport and Outdoor Activities Step 1.......................................................... 5 Step 2.......................................................... 9 Step 3......................................................... 14 Step 4......................................................... 18 Step 5.................................................... 23 Step 6......................................................... 27 Step 7..................................................... 31 Step 8. Consolidation and Extension.................................. 36 Step 9. Revision.................................................... 41 Step 10. Test Yourself............................................. 46 UNIT 2. Performing Arts: Theatre Step 1......................................................... 50 Step 2......................................................... 54 Step 3......................................................... 59 Step 4......................................................... 64 Step 5......................................................... 68 Step 6......................................................... 72 Step 7......................................................... 76 Step 8. Consolidation and Extension.................................... 82 Step 9. Revision.................................................... 87 Step 10. Test Yourself................................................. 92 УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2Англ-922 А94 Условное обозначение: — предлагаемое задание имеет экзаменационный формат Афанасьева, О. В. А94 Английский язык. 8 кл. : в 2 ч. Ч. 1 : учебник / О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова. — М. : Дрофа, 2014. — 96 с. : ил. — (Rainbow English). ISBN 978-5-358-11043-4(4. 1) ISBN 978-5-358-14044-8 Учебник, созданный известными специалистами в области преподавания английского языка, является основным компонентом учебно-методического комплекса для 8 класса. Учебник соответствует Федеральному государственному образовательному стандарту основного общего образования и рекомендован Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации. УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2 Англ-922 Серия «Rainbow English» Учебное издание Афанасьева Ольга Васильевна Михеева Ирина Владимировна Баранова Ксения Михайловна АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 8 класс. В двух частях. Часть 1 Учебник Зав. редакцией Л. Г. Беликова. Редактор Л. Г. Беликова Художественный редактор Л. II. Копачева. Художник А. В. Лебедев Компьютерная верстка М. М. Яровицкая. Корректор Г. Н. Кузьмина в соответствии с Федеральным законом от 29.12.2010 г. № 436-ФЗ знак информационной продукции на данное издание не ставится Сертификат соответствия № РОСС RU. АЕ51. Н 16508. Подписано к печати 28.05.14. Формат 60 х 90 Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура «Школьная». Печать офсетная. Уел. печ. л. 12,0. Тираж 7000 экз. Заказ № 14-01300. ООО «ДРОФА». 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2. Предложения и замечания по содержанию и оформлению книги просим направлять в редакцию общего образования издательства «Дрофа»: 127254, Москва, а/я 19. Тел.: (495) 795-05-41. E-mail: [email protected] По вопросам приобретения продукции издательства «Дрофа» обращаться по адресу: 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2. Тел.: (495) 795-05-50, 795-05-51. Факс: (495) 795-05-52. Сайт ООО «ДРОФА»: www.drofa.ru Электронная почта: [email protected] Тел.: 8-800-200-05-50 (звонок по России бесплатный) TNM TNM PRINT s.r.o., Новэ Место 14 PRINT Хлумец нал Цидлиной 503 51 S. г. о. Чешская Республика wvw.tnm.cz • mail.; [email protected] тел.: +420 495 480 878 Представительство i ииографии в России: ООО «ИНО ПРЕСС». Тел.; *7 (4«9! 392-0015 ISBN 978-5-358-11043-4 (ч. 1) ISBN 978-5-358-14044-8 ООО «ДРОФА», 2014 ВЕРТИКАЛЬ Учебник рекомендован Министерством образования и науки РФ К каждому курсу выпускаются ■ рабочая программа Учебно-методический комплекс о. в. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 5 класс о. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 6 класс о. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 7 класс О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 8 класс О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова Английский язык 9 класс и учебник рабочая тетрадь лля учаптихся электронное приложение на WWW.drofa.ru и аудиоприложение книга для учителя диагностика результатов образования лексико-грамматическии практикум »^. V i ч а .♦ методическая поддержка на www.drofa.ru ISBN 978-5-358-11043-4 9 785358 1 1 0434 •?fDpo0a