Английский язык 7 класс Рабочая тетрадь Афанасьева Михеева Баранова

о. в. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова ((CS АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК л РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ задания ЕГЭ о. в. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова (ч(Ь4 АНГЛИИСКИИ ЯЗЫК ВЕРТИКАЛЬ МОСКВА щ орофа 2015 УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2АНГЛ-922 А94 Условные знаки: предлагаемое задание имеет формат ОГЭ (общий государственный экзамен); JL — личностные качества; ж — метапредметные результаты. Афанасьева, О. В. А94 Английский язык. 7 класс : рабочая тетрадь / О. В, Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова. — М. : Дрофа, 2015. — 160 с. : ил. — (Rainbow English). ISBN 978-5-358-14677-8 Рабочая тетрадь являетх'я составной частью УМК по английскому языку для 7 класса серии «Rainbow English* и соотве'ххгтвует ФГОС основного общего образования. Пособие предназначено для самостоятельной работы уча1цихся в школе и дома н содерясит задания для повторения и закрепления изученного по учебнику материала. Специальными .значками отмечены задания, направленные на формирование метапредметных умений и личностных качеств учащихся. УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК81.2АВГЛ-922 Серия «Rainbow English* Учебное издание Афанасьева Ольга Васильевна, Михеева Ирина Владимировна Баранова Ксения Михайловна АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 7 класс Рабочая тетрадь Зав. редакцией Е. /О. Шмакова, Редактор И. /7. Гончарова Художественный редактор Л. П. Копачева. Художественное оформление О. М. Войтенко Технический редактор Е, Ю. Кваскова. Компьютерная верстка Н, В. Троицкая Корректор Г, Н, Кузьмина ш 12+ Сертификнт соответствия М*> РОСС RU. АЕ51. Н 16602. Подпнеапо к печати 02.02.15. Формат 60 к 90 V*,* Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура «Школьная*. Печать офсетная. Уел, печ. л. 20,0. Тираж 10 000 экэ. Заказ № 3753. ООО «ДРОФА*. 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2. Предложения и замечания по содержанию и оформлению книги просим направлять в редакцию общего образования издательства «Дрофа*: 127254, Москва, а/я 19. Те.!.: (493) 795-05-41. E-mail: [email protected] По вопросам приобретения прод>'кцим издательства «Дрофа* обращаты'я по адресу: 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2. Тел.: (495) 795 05-50, 795-05-51. Факс: (495) 79.5-0.5-52. Сайт ООО «ДРОФА*: www.drofa.ru Электронная почта: [email protected] Тел.: 8-800-2(Ю-05-50 (звонок по России бесплатный) Отпечатано в филиале «Тверской полиграфический комбинат детской литературы» ОАО «Издател1>ство «Высшая школа* 17(Ю40, г. Тверь, проспект 50 лет Октября, д. 46 Тел.: +7(4822)44-85-98. Факс: (4822) 44-61-51 ISBN 978-5-358-14677-8 © ООО «ДРОФА*. 2015 Contents Unit One. Schools and Schooling I. Listening........................................................ 4 II. Reading.......................................................... 6 III. Speaking........................................................ 10 IV. Use of English.................................................. 12 V. Writing......................................................... 25 VI. Just for Fun.................................................... 26 Unit Two. The Language of the World I. Listening....................................................... 29 II. Reading......................................................... 30 III. Speaking........................................................ 37 IV. Use of English.................................................. 39 V. Writing......................................................... 58 VI. Just for Fun.................................................... 60 Unit Three. Some Facts about the English-Speaking World I. Listening....................................................... 61 II. Reading......................................................... 62 III. Speaking........................................................ 66 IV. Use of English.................................................. 68 V. Writing......................................................... 79 VI. Just for Fun.................................................... 82 Unit Four. Living Things Around Us I. Listening....................................................... 83 II. Reading......................................................... 84 III. Speaking........................................................ 88 IV. Use of English.................................................. 90 V. Writing........................................................ 108 VI. Just for Fun................................................... 110 Unit Five. The ABC of Ecology I. Listening...................................................... Ill II. Reading........................................................ 112 III. Speaking....................................................... 116 IV. Use of English................................................. 119 V. Writing ....................................................... 131 VI. Just for Fun................................................... 133 Unit Six. Living Healthy I. Listening...................................................... 135 II. Reading........................................................ 137 III. Speaking....................................................... 142 IV. Use of English................................................. 144 V. Writing........................................................ 158 VI. Just for Fun................................................... 159 Unit Schools and Schooling M stening Four people are speaking about their life at school. Listen, (1), and match the speakers (1—4) with what they say (a—e). There is one statement you don't have to use. .■statements a) The student says that his/her teacher changed his/her attitude^ to one of the school subjects. b) The student says his/her test results were always worse than his/her knowledge. c) The student says his parents were surprised at his/her marks in sciences. d) The student says his/her father and mother liked their child’s results in school subjects. e) The student says he/she was fond of liis/her fellow students as well as the teachers. ’ attitude [’aetitjuid] — отношение Listen to the text "School Uniform", ii) (2), and write answers to these questions. 1. Do all schools in Britain have school uniforms? 2. Is the speaker for school uniforms or against them? 3. Why does the speaker say that a uniform saves* time? 4, What doesn’t the speaker like in school uniforms? 5. Pupils in Britain usually have to wear grey or black trousers when they are at school, don’t they? 6. Why does the speaker think jeans are the best thing for a school uniform? 7. What uniforms in the speaker’s view are good for the summer? ' to save [setv] — зд.: экономить 8. Who thinks that everybody has to form^ their own individual dress sense^? M Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ® (3). [bai о1эф1] ['kemistri] ['dikjnri] ['litra^a] ['sizaz] ['forma] [,mae0a'mstiks] ['fiziks] ['stAdiz] ['peipa] ['praimarij ['глЬэ] ['ju;nifa:m] ['laudli] [felt'tip] Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (ф (4). a) age, backpack, chalk, examination, science, foreign, geography, glue, noisy, paint, physical education, pencil sharpener, pencil case, secondary, subject b) a good education, my best schoolmate, a primary school, a long ruler, to speak loudly, his exercise book, a famous college, a noisy street, to pay money, a lot of glue, a pair of scissors c) Yesterday we painted the walls of our classroom. This school is the best place in the town to get secondary education. Joe doesn’t know mathematics very well. Physics is a difficult science. My elder sister (brother) is fond of linguistics. Lizzy took off her coat and entered the classroom. We decided to talk our holidays plans over. Secondary education is free in this country. He is interested in stamps and has a good collection of them. Are only children different? Read the paragraphs of the text (a—f) and put them in their logical order. Going to School a) We parted at the school gates, I joined my schoolmates and my father went off. Ours was just a small village school, with no rooms upstairs at all. There were about ‘ to form [fo:m] — формировать * a dress sense [ dres'sens] — зд.: чувство стиля I i h sixty boys and girls in our school, and their ages went from five to eleven. We had four classrooms and four teachers. b) The next day was Thursday, and before we set out for the walk to my school that morning, I went around behind the house and picked two apples from our tree, one for my father and one for me. c) A teacher, called Captain [kaeptin] Lancaster, taught the nine- and ten-year-olds and my year too. He was an awful man. (During the w'ar against Hitler he was a captain in the army.) He told us to call him Captain Lancaster instead of just mister. My father said it was an idiotic thing to do. Millions of people wanted to forget those military titles. Captain Lancaster was a violent man, and we were afraid of him. d) Miss Birdseye taught the five-year-olds and six-year-olds, and she was a really nice person. Mr Corrado took the seven-year-olds. He was also a decent person. He was a very old teacher, probably sixty or more, but that didn’t stop him being in love with Miss Birdseye. We knew he was in love with her because he always gave her the bits of meat at lunch when it was his turn to do the serving. And when she smiled at him, he would smile back in the most romantic way you can imagine. e) At eight o’clock we started w'alking down the road to my school in the pale autumn sunshine, eating our apples. I really loved those morning walks to school with my father. We talked practically the whole time. Mostly it was he who talked and I who listened, and just about everything he said was interesting. He was a true countryman and knew a lot about all the trees and the wild-flowers and the different grasses that grew in the fields. f) It is a most wonderful thing to be able to go out and get your own apples whenever you feel like it. You can do this only in the autumn, of course, when the fruit is ripe but all the same how many families are so lucky? Not one in a thousand, I guess. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8 Read the text and mark the senterKes after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS). Back to School The holidays were over. Dave, Jenny and Debbie met in the schoolyard. Dave* We’ve got school on Monday. Yuck! Jenny: True. I can’t believe that just a few days ago I was in the mountains in Scotland. What about you, Dave? You were somewhere in the sun. Your face is very brown. Dave: Yes. I was in Greece with my parents. It was really hot there. Debbie: Were you by the sea? Dave: Yes, we were. We stayed at a hotel near the beach. Jenny. What was it like? Dave: It was really nice and there was a fantastic open swimming pool there. I can’t tell you what I liked more -swimming in the sea or in the swimming pool. .Jenny: You must be joking, Dave. Nothing can be better than swimming in the sea. But Debbie, you didn’t tell us anything about your holidays. What were they like? Where were you? Dobhi.'*- I spent July with my grandparents in the countryside. In August I was in Paris together with my cousins. But we returned in the middle of the month. Jenny: Why? Dobi)ie: They go to school in Berlin and they had to be back there before the 18th August. Dave: School in August? Yuck. Debbie: Things do happen. But, honestly speaking, I feel that I already miss school, and classes and our teachers. Jemiy: So do I. By the way, we are going to have a new teacher. Miss Richardson. Dave: Are we? What subject is she going to teach? Debbie: How interesting! Is she young? Where is she from? .Jenny: I can’t answer all your questions, guys. I don’t know. But I’m sure on Monday we’ll find it out. 1. Dave stayed at a five-star hotel in Greece, M 2. Jenny enjoyed her holidays in Scotland. 3. Jenny thinks that swimming in the pool is worse than swimming in the sea. 4. Debbie spent the summer with her parents. 5. Debbie’s cousins are pupils of a school in Germany. 6. The friends’ new teacher will be at school on Monday. Read the texts (1—4) and match them with the titles (a- one title you don't have to use. ;). There is a) Fashion and Climate b) Useful Advice c) Not Wanted d) e) Angry and Surprised Positive Changes After lunch the class received the news about going to the Victoria and Albert Museum with enthusiasm. I told them we were going there the following Thursday together with their biology teacher. Some of the pupils wanted to know if Miss Jackson really had to come. I understood that this teacher wasn’t their favourite. I soon understood that our classes with the new teacher were quite different from Mr Florian’s lessons. Every day they were becoming more and more interesting. The lessons were very informal, we could ask any question and discussed lots of problems important for us. The new teacher gave us much more than the textbook information. When I began my teaching career, dad told me not to bring my pupils’ works home. “It shows your poor planning, son,’’ he said. “You’ll find soon that you’re busy every night. Teaching is like having a bank account. You should have new funds or you are in difficulties. Every teacher should have a fund of ready information and that means new ideas, new meetings, new discoveries, moving around among people.” One morning in our geography lesson we discussed the type of dress people wore in different climatic zones: Eskimos of Alaska and their dress of animal skins, people living in the south and their thin cotton or silk clothes. Larry said that many people in the tropics put very little on and some of them just used a bit of paint here and there. 1. 2. 3. 4. Extra 10 M % ill Speaking Read the poem with a dictionary and say if you feel the same as its author. Why is it so or why is it not so? Is there any difference between what teachers can do and what pupils can do? What do you feel about it? Complaint’ (after Л. Ahlbert^') The teachers all sit in the staffroom The teachers all drink tea The teachers talk to each other As cosy as can be. We have to go out at playtime Unless we bring a note Or it’s raining heavily Or we haven’t got a coat. We have to do so many things. Whether we like it or not. And freeze to death if it’s freezing. And boil to death if it’s hot. The teachers can sit in the staffroom. And have a nice little chat. We have to do so many things; Where’s the fairness^ in that? Speak about the system of education in Britain. Mention: • the age people start schooling; • the number of school years pupils spend at school; • stages of education; • if schooling is private or state, if it is free; • subjects pupils do at school; • school uniform; • school exams. ' a complaint [kam'pleint] - жалоба ^ fairness [‘feanas] — справедливость П Work In pairs. Complete the dialogue. Act it out with your partner. On Sunday Tracy talked to Betty on the phone. Tracy: Hi, Betty! (1) What ОГб yoU doing? Belly: I’m reading a really good book. What are you doing? 'i'r-u-y: I’m phoning you. K»*tly: Very funny, indeed, Tracy. And (2) ? Tracy: Because I want to ask you to come to my house. Do you remember we have to make a talk about my mountain animals in our biology class? Hctiy Good idea! (3) ? Гглсч. (4) on Tuesday after school? Belly: Must it be Tuesday? I always help my mum with the shopping on Tuesdays. I'racv: What about Wednesday? Betiy No, (5) . I always go to the swimming pool after school on Wednesdays. 'i'rac\. You can go there (6) . We have our biology class on Thursday as far as I know. Betty, I don’t think you like my idea of doing the task together. Betty. I do. But I don’t like to go to the swimming pool on Saturday. There are so many people there. Look, why don’t we meet tomorrow? 11 Traey: OK. (7) . At three o’clock. And you mustn’t 12 11 be late. Comment on these proverbs. • Learn to walk before you run • Knowledge is power. iV. Use of Englisli 12 Spell the words. 1. ['sAbdjikti — subject 2. [rnis'tcik] — 3. ['praimari] — 4. I'saians] — ________________ 5. [’fonn] — 6. ['kemistri] — 7. ['fiziks] — 8. [a:t] — 9. ['mjuizik] — 10. [,edju'keijn] — 11. [’kolick] — 12. tju:ru'v3:s3ti] — 13. ['dob] — 14. ['jurnifbrmj — 15. [t3;m] — 16. [haepn] — 13 Mark the words which are countable with (C) and which are uncountable with (U). 1. glue — U 2. air 3. chalk 4. dictionary 5. ruler — 6. paint — 8. money - 9. weather 10. sand — 11. daybook 12. uniform 13. paper 7. school 14. work 14 Write the names of these things. book 13 3. 6. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 15 14 16 Complete the sentences with the new words from the box. backpack, brushes, classmates, dictionary, foreign, loudly, paints, paper, pencil case, pencil sharpener, subjects, uniform 1. There are pens and pencils of different colours in my ^ pencil case. 2. I must look this word up in the Ш 3. Bring and = to your art class. 4. I need some to write down your address. 5. I carry the . 6. Grace is a very good student. you pay for the are my good friends. 11. How much did ? It’s really good. I used it yesterday, and all my pencils became sharp in no time. Match the names of the subjects and their definitions. 1. Biology 2. Art 3. Mathematics 4. Physics 5. Music 6. Literature 7. English a) the study of numbers and shapes including algebra, geometry and arithmetic b) the subject that gives you ideas about composers and their works c) a class in which you exercise your body d) the science that deals with energy, studies light, sound, electricity etc my exercise books, textbooks and my daybook to school in = She always has good and excellent marks in all the Щ . 7. Don’t speak so , ^ we can hear you well. 8. The students’ in this private school is elegant. 9. How many languages do you know? 10. All my щ £ £ I § Ё 8. Computer studies 9. Physical Education 10. Geography e) the science that studies countries, their people, climate, oceans, rivers, mountains etc f) the scientific study of living things g) the subject that gives you information about paintings, sculptures etc h) the subject that gives you information about novels, poems, plays and their authors i) the study of computers and the programmes for them j) the subject in which they give you ideas about the official language of Britain and the USA and some other countries k) the science which studies elements of the Earth and living things on it, and how they behave under different conditions. 15 1. f 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Write how many times a week you have these 1. History 2. Biology 3. Music 4. Art 5. Russian 6. Physics 7. English 8. Mathematics 9. Russian literature 10. Computer studies 11. Physical Education 12. Geography 1. I have History twice (two times) a week. 2. 3. г & 4. 5. 6. 7. 16 8. D 9. 10. 11. 12. 18 Complete the sentences using the word combinations from the box. L. a) piece of cake, b) piece of paper, c) piece of land, d) piece of music, e) piece of cheese, f) piece of chalk, g) piece of butter, h) piece of meat, i) piece of work 1. Jane is writing with a piece of cholk on the black- board. May I have one more tasty. ? It is very sweet and My parents bought in the country. They are going to build a cottage there. 4. There are no mistakes in your test. That’s a very good V . 5. I would like a to make a cheeseburger for Johnny. 6. Fred will need a to draw on. 7. What a beautiful she is playing! 8. I’ll need a bigger soup. 9. I would like a my porridge. to make on 49 20 Use few or little to complete these phrases. 1. little cheese 9. rubbers 2. glue 10. paper 3. boots 11. butter 4. classes 12. paints 5. rulers 13. brushes 6. juice 14. bread 7. milk 15. water 8. work 16. chalk Use that or those to complete these phrases. 1. those boots 9. pair of trousers 2. mistakes 10. slippers 3. pair of shoes 11. pair of stockings 4. trainers 12. pair of mittens 5. gloves 13. jeans 6. pair of socks 14. pair of specs 7. scissors 15. spectacles 8. pair of leggings 16. pair of shorts 17 21 Choose the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. 1. Mathematics (was/were) WQS my favourite subject last year, now physics (is/are) . 2. There (was/were) my granny’s spectacles on the book she was read- 18 ing. 3. There (was/were) hall. 4. Linguistics (is/are) a pair of shoes in the a very interesting sci- ence. 5. Students should wear uniforms in this school. The uniforms (is/are) very traditional: black skirts or ^ trousers, white shirts or blouses and black ties. 6. My jeans (is/are) a bit too long. 7. His shoes (is/are) Ш not very clean. 8. His new pair of shoes (is/are) ^ fairly expensive. 9. Statistics (is/are) ^ a rather boring subject, as I see it. 10. I need a new pair of leggings. My old leggings (is/are) very short. Use the function words from the box to complete the sentences, at, for, in, of(3), without, to(3), after, over 1. You can’t work without a break. You will be too tired. 2. Is Jane going are the classes the chocolate 5. I’m not sure usual happened college school? 3. When on Friday? 4. I’m going to pay dollars in the duty-free shop, these facts. 6. Something very un-Mr Carter when he was walking through the park the other day. 7. Can you talk Helen, please? She looks so sad. 8. John says he is tired your constant lies. 9. what age do children begin schooling in the USA? 10. We are fond beautiful piece of music. 23 Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words. 1. Who paid for the dinner? 2. What mark did Jack get pened science last Thursday? 3. I don’t know what hap-them. 4. Brian became a university student the age of seventeen. 5. What was Lily’s mark 19 the last test? 6. I’m not afraid mice. 7. Are you sure the answer? 8. I’m going to write my grandparents the evening. 9. In this shop you can pay rubles, euros. 10. I didn’t see Mrs Loveday dollars and church yesterday. 11. We are tired these boring exercises 12. Listen me, please 24 Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right. 1. We know little about the system of eduCQ- educate tion in Canada. 2. Robert is a well-known , a very good one indeed. 3. Little children like to make sandcastles on beaches. jump sand 4. This is a very 5. Lizzy felt sad and rule. she had nobody to play with. 6. People in Europe have Christmas s in December. 7. I didn’t understand why Greg greeted me use because happy celebrate so cold 20 8. We didn’t know anything about his of badges. 9. The Mississippi is collect a great and river in North America. power 10. What uniforms these of- beauty ficers are wearing! Complete the text using the derivatives of the words on the right. Soon I understood I began to like my new school. I didn’t feel (1) unhappy any more. happy All my classmates were quite (2) My new (3) and other things (4) well. I could understand everything and very soon I became really (5) sons were (6) . Practically all the les- Soon I made friends with many girls and boys of my class. At first I was rather (7) the clothes they were wearing. I thought their skirts and jeans were (8) school wear but then I understood they wanted to look (9) from each other and I just ignored their clothes. friend s explained the rules teach fair success interest about critic for suitable differ 2« Write American English words for these British English nouns. 27 Choose the appropriate verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. 1. People often (say/tell) tell me about their problems 2. Gwen doesn’t (talk/speak) 3. Mr Brown was (speaking/talking) German very well in front of the school for half an hour. 4. My classmates and me often (talk/tell) (tell/say) about our favourite TV shows. 5. Never lies. 6. Try to (say/tell) the truth. 7. I don’t like physics very much. Everybody (says/ tells) it is a difficult subject, and I agree. 8. Could you (tell/say) 9. Garry (said/told) the USA. 10. Sam (said/told). us the time, please? to me he wanted to visit ii I want to see Brussels. 21 28 Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences. 1. I hope I’ll talk him (back/into) into learning Chinese. It is important for his job. 2. Never talk (back/out) to your parents. 3. The journey to Australia is very tiring*, let’s talk him (out of/over) ______________ it. 4. I don’t understand what the programme of his visit is. Let’s talk it (out of/over) 5. I know that the expedition will be very dangerous. Let’s talk him (out of/over) taking part in it. 6. Mike’s parents should talk to their son. He always ‘ tiring ['taiangl — утомительный talks (back/оver) to his teachers. 7. There is a = very nice and fashionable dress in the local shop. I want to talk you (into/over) buying it. 29 22 Match the sentences (1—8) with the situations where you can use them (a—h). 1. How do you say «точилка» in English? 2. Shall I go to the blackboard? 3. May I come in? 4. What do we have to do next? 5. I’m sorry. I’m late. 6. May I take my seat now? 7. I couldn’t come to school yesterday. I was unwell. 8. I’m sorry, I haven’t got my daybook with me today. a) Your lesson began 10 minutes ago. You open the door and come in. You say... b) Your lesson began 10 minutes ago. You open the door and before entering you ask... c) You are not sure what to do after you finish your task. You say... d) You didn’t come to biology class yesterday. You want to explain to your teacher why. You say... e) You left the book where teachers put your marks at home. You say... f) You are not sure if you should leave your seat or can answer from it. You say... g) You are not sure if you can go back to your seat. You say... h) You do not know the English equivalent for some Russian word. You say... 1. h 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. а 30 You already know some English words with school as the first element. Look up in the dictionary what some other words with school as the first element mean. Write down their meanings in Russian. 31 1. schoolyard — ШКОЛЬНЫЙ ДВОр 2. schoolkid — 3. school friend — 4. school dinner — 5. school room — 6. schoolwork — 7. schoolbook — 8. school time — How well do you know the English system of education? Complete the sentences in writing. 1. English pupils start schooling at the age of five. 2. Primary education in England lasts 3. Secondary education in England lasts 4. Pupils in England usually leave school at , but some of them stay at school for 2 more years. 5. Most children in England do not go to private schools, they go to 6. English schools have no numbers, they 23 7. Parents do not pay for their children’s education 8. English school year never begins 9. In primary schools pupils usually don’t wear but in secondary schools 10. When primary school pupils are eleven, they go to ^ terms. 24 days a week. ____ subjects 11. The English school year has 12. Classes are over at 13. Pupils go to school 14. Pupils in English schools do a week. 15. Lunch break usually lasts Ч Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. It was autumn. The weather became (1) cold- cold er and the days (2) Anna dark (3) to feel very tired. One day begin she (4) back home from school. walk Suddenly she (5) she couldn’t feel stand it any longer. (6) work at she school was getting (7) 2md not bad (8) - No matter what she good (9) there were a lot of do (10) in her tests and dictations. mistake Use a/an, the or no article to complete these sentences. 1. The school in Apple Street is rather old. 2. My son is still at school, he is going to college next year. 3. When do you go to the country house is bed? 4. My favourite bed in bed near the window. 5. Many Ш families in the USA go to church on Sundays. ^ о 6. Many churches are beautiful old buildings. 7. Our house is opposite Baptist church. 8. Church of England is very important in Great Britain. 9. On Sundays I like to spend some time just lying in John became ill, they took him to bed. 10. When hospital. 11. The grey low building is not 12. Where is Polly? — She is at school, it’s work. 13. hospital. work they have done is really successful. 14. Nelly goes to school five days a week. 15. rel works is not very famous. hospital where Doctor Far- 25 Describe your first day at school. Write what you did on that day 34 ^ (8—10 sentences). Write what you did yesterday before classes, after classes and in class (10—12 sentences). • Л 26 t Щ r L- 36 See if you know the right answer^ 1. 2. In 1896, where were the first modern Olympics held? a) France b) the United States ^ c) Greece ч' d) Russia Which is the last letter of the Greek alphabet? a) alpha b) beta a 6 Л 6 (0 d) omega к * 27 3. Which is not one of the five senses? a) sight b) touch ^ji c) smell d) speech 4. Who painted The Last Supper"! a) Leonardo da Vinci b) Michelangelo d) Bellini c) Raphael ’ Use a dictionary for this section ^ See the answers on page 29 28 5. Which of these stories did Hans Christian Andersen write? a) Red Riding Hood b) The Ugly Duckling c) Puss-in-Boots d) The Boy Who Cried Wolf The right answers are: 1. c, 2. c, 3. d, 4. a, 5. b. H. Andersen 37 57 Here are two jokes mixed up. Put the lines (a—g) in the appropriate order. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) n u Yes, I did. Doctor, I counted to 362, 493.” Very good, Billy. Who was the boy?” No. It was time to get up.” Well, Johnny, did you sleep last night? Did you count sheep?” “Me!” “On the way to school, a boy fell and everyone laughed. But I didn’t...” “And did you sleep then?” Joke 1 Joke 2 1. 2. 3. 4. i :е it L % _ и n i t fiiuu The Language of the World I? iJsteiiiiig 29 Listen to what the boy from Norway says about his trip to some European countries, (5), and decide which of the facts (1—7) are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS). 1. The speaker and his friends are classmates. 2. The three friends are interested in football. 3. The three friends went to Copenhagen to watch a football match. 4. It took the friends about half an hour to find the Irish pub. 5. The boys could hardly understand Danish*. 6. The boys enjoyed their trip to Europe. 7. English helped them in all European countries ’ Danish ['deinifl — датский 30 Listen, *5) (6), and decide which of the problems (1—5) Glenda Morrison, a linguist, doesn't speak about. 1. It’s natural for people to have a “lingua franca”. 2. Some European languages were a kind of “lingua franca” at different times. 3. People use English nowadays in different areas of our lives. 4. If your native language is dying out, you must try and keep it alive. 5. Some people dislike the fact that English is becoming the global tongue. Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ^ (7). [■fobu] ['endbs] ['mi:nn]] ['dikjnari] [pn'fs:] [prs'nauns] [vao'kaebjubri] [faen'tasstik] [a:fl] [saund] ['probabli] ['ju:sbs] [di'vebp] [ad'redij [L\n] Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (8). a) air, already, beginning, borrowing, carry, develop, dislike, even, ever, happening, meeting, speechless, children, borrow, need b) fresh air, a French borrowing, an unusual beginning, to carry a suitcase, to develop slowly, to dislike swimming, an awful story, to borrow a book, an endless meeting, a fantastic sound c) I have just finished doing my homework. Bob has read a fantastic book. There was a yellow balloon in the air. Sara has come to an important meeting. Can you pronounce this sound, please? I have taken an English dictionary from the library. They don’t know any foreign languages, so they speak their mother tongue. Could you follow me? He hasn’t read the letter yet. The student has pronounced the new words slowly. Tl- Read the text and answer the questions after it. >d ^ 3 о r >» г > у »- n U t {nternationai Summer Camp My name is Kate and this summer, in August, I was at the International Camp in Germany, where I studied German. We lived in a small town of Stein [stain], which is situated in Bavaria [ba'vearia]. We lived in single or double rooms in the building of the castle. Most of the day we spent outside, where the weather was always warm and sunny. On the second day the lessons started. My teacher’s name was Norbert, he lived in Bonn. The lessons were never boring — even when we studied grammar. Norbert always knew how to turn the rule into a game. Because there were people from many countries in my group, I was unable to speak Russian, and that helped my German greatly. After school twice a week we had a special project lesson (for example: I helped to write a newspaper). The rest of the time we did fun activities. We did basketball, football, tennis, karate, learned how to do belly dancing, swam in the swimming pool, sunbathed, went to discos etc. Whatever we did, it was interesting. We also visited the Alps and took in the fresh air. What I liked most about this trip were the cows, which I’ve never seen so close before. We went to big cities twice: first to Salzburg ['saeltsbsrg] and then to Munich ['mjurnik]. They are really beautiful. In Salzburg we visited Mozart’s house, and in Munich — the German Museum, the section of space and air travel. It was really important for me in Stein to talk to people from other countries. Because you don’t often talk to young foreigners in Moscow, do you? They were from the USA, England, Wales, France, Spain, Venezuela [,veni'zweib], Hungary, Morocco, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania and so on. But Russians won — 18 of 96 were from our country. I really liked my journey; I met a lot of interesting and unforgettable people and probably became a little bit more daringh I am sure that life in a foreign country makes people think in a different way. It makes them stronger and more understanding. 31 daring ['deani]] — отважный 32 1. When was Kate at the International Camp? 2. What did she do there? 3. Where did the students live? 4. What does Kate say about the lessons of German? 5. Why couldn’t she speak Russian? 6. How often did they have project lessons? 7. What places in Germany did they visit? 8. Why does Kate says “but Russians won”? What does she щ mean? 1 9. Why did Kate like her journey? 10. In what way has Kate changed? 1? le Read the paragraphs (a—f) of the text and put them in the logical order. Learning a Language a) “No wonder you can’t do your liomework,” mama said. “You put it off until you’re too tired. You’ll never learn anything if you work like that.’’ That was exactly what I felt and I began crying. “I do try,’’ 1 cried, “but I’m not able to learn French!’’ “Of course you can do it,” said mama. “Look, if I help you...” But I shouted, “No.” Mama smiled and said, “Well, I don’t think you’ll be able to do any homework today. I have to buy some fish for supper. Come with me and get some fresh air.” b) “All right,” I said. We stayed for a while longer because it was such a pleasant place to be. “Nice to go out to tea with my daughter,” said mama at last and smiled. I smiled back. The bill came and we understood there was not enough money left for fish, but it did not matter. After this the work did not seem quite so bad. c) My name is Anna and I am living now in Paris which is a beautiful city. We moved here half a year ago. I go to a French school and have to learn French. I find it very difficult. And we usually have a lot of homework to do each day. History and geography teachers tell us to learn texts by heart and to write essays, we also do grammar exercises and all that in a language which I still don’t understand. d) We sat down at one of the little tables. “Look,” said mama. “I know it’s difficult for you and I know you’re tired. But what can we do? We’re living in France and you have to learn French.” “I get so tired,” I said, “and I’m getting worse instead of better. I think I’m just one of those people who can’t learn languages.” “That’s nonsense, Anna,” mama said. “You have done very well so far. And you will learn French, I know you will. I’ll tell you what we’ll do. It’s only two months till Christmas. Will you try just once more? If you feel you still can’t manage by Christmas, we’ll do something 33 34 about it. I don’t quite know what, but I promise you I’ll think of something. All right?” e) One evening in my room I was looking at my homework instead of doing it. I thought that my work was getting worse and worse. In class I often knew the answers, but it took me so long to translate them into French in my mind that it was usually too late to give them. I was really tired of trying. Suddenly mama came and looked at my exercise book. It was maths. There was only one word on the page — “Problems,” nothing more. f) We walked down the street together without talking. There was a cake shop next to the fish shop. We’ll go in here,” mama said to my surprise. I’ll have a cup of tea and you can have a cake; then we’ll have a talk.” “Isn’t it too expensive?” I asked. “We can buy one cake,” mama said. U' ii 1. с 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. c Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f). a) often last longer than sixty minutes b) like the air c) an American linguist d) except* on very cold days e) people create languages f) and it is not from Guinea^ English Is a Crazy’ Language Have you got any problems with English? Does it sometimes seem too difficult or illogical? Richard Lede- rer, (1) , writes many inter ' except [ik'sept] ^ Guinea ['gini] — ^ crazy ['kreizi] — — кроме - Гвинея сумасшедший, безумный ou esting things about his native language. Here are some •rk ng lut ny 'as ed ne of them. Let’s face it — English is a crazy language, the most lunatic of all languages. In the crazy English language, blackboards can be green or blue, and blackberries* are green, then red and black only 35 g- en in the end. There is no egg in eggplant^, no grape in grapefruit, and no room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple^, and no ham in hamburger. In this English tongue a guinea pig is not a pig (2) Language is (3) we breathe we just use it. But when we take the time to listen to what we say, we find that hot dogs can be cold and we can do homework at school. Hours especially rush hours it e- гг (4) and most bath- rooms don’t have any baths in them but have showers. Why is it that a king rules a kingdom but a queen doesn’t rule a queendom? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth"* be beeth? 1 2 3 4 a blackberry ['bla;kbari] an eggplant ['egplaint] -a pineapple ['pamaepl] -a booth [bu:6] — будка - ежевика - баклажан - ананас 36 If people make olive, what do they make baby oil from? If hard is the opposite of soft, why is hardly not opposite of softly? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameful behaviour and shameless behaviour the same? Why are pricey* objects less expensive than priceless ones? Why is it that the Sun or the Moon or the stars are out, they are visible^, but when the lights are out, they are invisible^? And in what other language can your nose run? To tell the truth, all languages are a little crazy. That’s because (5) not computers. That’s why six, seven, eight and nine change to sixty, sev- % enty, eighty and ninety, but two, three, four and five do Ш not become twenty, threety, fourty and fivety. That’s why we wear a pair of pants but, (6) not a pair of shirts. That’s why when I wind up"* my watch, I start it, but when I wind up"* a speech or an essay®, I end it. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1 2 3 4 5 pricey [‘praisi] — дорогой visible ['vizabl] — видимый invisible [m'vizabl] — невидимый to wind up ['wamdApl — подводить (о часах) to wind up — зд.: заканчивать an essay [’esei] — сочинение te ul V- in it. n- s. V- io ly ly s- % 10 :л Speak about English as a global language. Use these word combinations. • can hear English everywhere • English as a native tongue and as a foreign language • learn English at school • the English-speaking countries • speak English as their everyday language • has a lot of borrowings from other languages • the words that came from French and Latin • one of the richest languages of the world • the language helping to understand people all over the world 37 May I ask you something? Have a good day! Ж Speak about how English developed. Mention the following: • English in the 16th century (on the British Isles and on the continent); • the importance of English nowadays; • people’s wish to learn English. Describe some place you have visited (in Russia or abroad). Mention: • what place you have visited; • when it was; • with whom you went there; • what places of interest you saw; • what you liked/disliked there; • if you used English during your journey. 11 38 г L t Complete the dialogue and act it out in class. Discussing a Future Career CUiarlio; So, Linda, you have decided to go to university after school, (1) hoven’t you? Jnmla: Yes. I think that a university is important nowadays. ( liaj-he. True, especially, if you are certain about the kind of education you want to get. Oh, I’m sure of it. I would like to be a linguist. Charlie: So, you are interested in languages, (2) Lind.^* Very much so. Г hariio- But why (3) Linda: Because languages are like living things, they grow and develop. Some words appear, some disappear. People begin to pronounce old words in different ways. Almost all languages change. English is also changing. Charlie: (4) ? Linda. Yes, I’m going to study it scientifically. l-liarijie: (5) m 9 ~ ianda. I mean that I would like to know when English appeared, and how it has changed, how many people know or learn it. Charlie. Everybody knows the answer to the last question. Liiuh-T. Do they? And (6) ? Charlie: People learn it everywhere and speak English all over the world. It’s the global language of our planet. E; I 12 Comment on these proverbs and sayings. • You are a person as many times as the number of languages you know. • Who does not know another language does not know his own. (Goethe^ • English is a trap^ for a foreigner. 39 DW эе- all 13 iV. Use of English Spell the words. 1. [tAg] — 2. ['kaeri] — 3. [pn'fa:] — 4. [pra'nauns] 5. [spi:^] — 6. ['probabli] 7. ['fobu] — 8. [greit] — tongue 9. [еэ] — 10. [saund] 11. [ad'redi] 12. [i:vn] - 13. ['neva] - 14. [divebp] 15. ['aunli] - 16. ['eabs] - 14 Use the new words from the box to complete the sentences. P- or 7 ill borrow, develop, even, only, maybe, prefer, probably, pronounce, speech, vocabulary 1. Are only children really special? 2. My little cousin can hardly are born, change. the sound [g]. 3. Languages like people and can die. 4. I had to several rubles to pay for the dictionary, the money I had wasn’t enough. 5. If you read a lot, your ‘ Goethe ['дз:1э] — Иоганн Вольфганг Гёте (1749- 1832), немецкий поэт ^ trap [trasp] — ловушка larger. Do you a strong cup of tea to a cup of coffee for breakfast? I’ll start learning French next year but I haven’t decided yet. 8. Mr Farrell’s opening ceremony was successful. 9. knows that five coloured rings as an Olympic symbol mean the Earth’s continents. 10. ram. Write American English words for these British nouns. HrE petrol cinema I £ ie Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences. 3t? »ut he ild an 1. There are one thousand five hundred and twenty-eigiit pages in Longman (Dictionary/Vocabulary) Dictionary of the English language. 2. Our physics teacher gave us test papers and asked us to hand them (in/out) Wednesday. 3. Could you hand (in/out) __________ on these gifts to the children after dinner? 4. Mrs Thompson looked through my notes and handed them (back/out) to 41 me. 5. “Rebecca, Mr Brian needs a Russian-English diction- ary. Can you hand it (out/over) ?” 6. Wherever we go, Paul (borrows/follows) us. 7. Tlie pupil was not sure (of/from) the word spelling. 8. They have never been (in/to) Japan. 9. My little cousin al- ready has the (dictionary/vocabulary) of 50—60 words. 10. The details of the future project are not clear. Would you like to talk them (in/over) now.' 17 % Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the sentences. 1. The new show was really Colourful and im- colour pressive. 2. Mr Rogers stood onds, he for several sec- did not know what to say. 3. While reading, Gerald couldn’t pronounce several words correctly and the teacher asked him to the text speech simple read 4. “Mike, you shouldn’t be that care when you write s. You have dictate missed several words again! У9 42 5. Susan Scott is going to become a , she regularly goes to an art school. paint 6. The sun was shining in the bright blue sky. cloud 7. Professor Springle had a mixed feel of joy and sadness at their final meet 8. They are indeed to live on this luck fantastic island 9. Mr Pullin saw rows of serious smile faces in front of him 10. Robert was a nice boy friend 18 % Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. In one of his stories Oscar Wilde said that the Oscar Wilde English have (1) really everything in common with (2) s. nowadays, except, of course, language. That was (3) a joke. But speaking real America certain е (4) , do the English and the serious citizens of the USA speak the same language or (5) languages? Their grammar sys- differ terns are practically the same, lots of words are the same, but not all of them. The word “home- ly” in (6) English means Britain 43 (7) and in American English please not very good-looking. There is a whole i (8) of such words. Sometimes the collect same words have not the same (9) mean s. For example the verb “to guess” is “to Щ think” in America. Yet, both the nations speak Й the same language — English. 19 Write out international words from the box. house, foreigner, play, football, banana, word, grapefruit, orange, television, hockey, drama, paper, primadonna, tennis, import, again, faucet, cousin, coffee, medicine, physics, sports, vocabulary, motherland, language, avocado, book, golf, progress, school, revolution, tragedy, circus, philosophy, computer, bookcase, president, Internet :a football I 44 Use the following word combinations and write questions to ask your friends. • if they have ever done it (to paint pictures, to play the piano, to run a marathon) • if they have done it this week (to ring their grandparents, to take some pictures, to visit a picture gallery) • if they have done it this month (to be to the theatre, to give a talk in English, to begin doing morning exercises) 1. Have you ever painted a picture? 2. ь F I i к I c { 6 8 юиг Write which of these Russian cities you and the members of your family have visited and what cities you haven’t been to. the »ar- to 0 1. Moscow 3. Rostov 2. St Petersburg 4. Vologda 45 5. Smolensk 6. Omsk 7. Vladivostok 8. Tver 46 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. m Write what Alice could say about these things. Use your Social English. 1. She likes the film very much fantastic. I think the film is 2. She didn’t like the hockey match at all. 3. She never eats porridge. 4. She never drinks milk. 5. She sometimes watches TV, but not often. Most of the programmes are not interesting. — 6. She visits rock concerts whenever rock groups give them. 7. She goes to the swimming pool five days a week. 8. She goes to any place by car. 9. She has five pets at home. 47 10. She doesn’t live in town any more. She has moved to the country. — Write the three forms of these verbs. 1. делать 2. писать 3. бежать 4. говорить 5. брать 6. становиться 7. начинать do did done 8. падать 9. есть 10. читать 11. звонить 12. видеть 13. быть 14. давать 24 Make these sentences negative. Add the word yet to complete them. 1. We have written Exercise Ten. - ten Exercise Ten yet. 2. He has learned the poem by heart. We haven't writ- I 48 t 3. I have given an apple to my sister. 4. She has taken the books from Room Six 5. You have spoken to your English teacher. 6. Grace has decided where to go. 7. We have borrowed some money from my granny 8. She has read “Gulliver’s Travels”. 9. They have been to the bank 10. I have eaten my breakfast. 1. it- 1 Look at the pictures and write a) what countries David has visited 1. David has visited Italy. 2. 3. 49 b) to what countries he has not been L с) in what seas he hasn’t swum 1. 2. 3. 50 d) to what rivers and lakes he hasn’t swum Volga Baikal Ob s 1. 2. 3. e) what dishes he hasn’t eaten I I: borsch blyni sushki r 1. 2. 3. I f) what languages he has spoken English Italian French 1. 2. 3. 26 Write questions and ask your friend to answer them know if he/she: You want to 1. has spoken to his/her maths teacher — Have yoU SpO ken to your moths _tearher? 2. has eaten his lunch — 51 f 3. has ever fallen from his/her bike • • } t I 4. has done his/her homework 5. has ever swum in the ocean 6. has begun doing the project 7. has read “War and Peace” by Leo Tolstoy 8. has rung his/her parents 9. has handed out the test papers 10. has run the 100-metres race' 11. has been to the Bolshoi Theatre 52 12. has seen Red Square 27 Write questions to the underlined words. ¥ 1. I have been to Africa two times. — have you been to Africa? 2. Helen has seen some European cities. How many times r F F 3. George has carried three bags downstairs ► * r E r i 4. Chris has done his room very well. 5. They have borrowed a lot of money. 6. The Browns have moved to a three-room flat because their old flat is too small. — 7. They have eaten the whole cake. 8. They have written a very sad letter, I . a race [reis] — соревнование no бегу, забег 28 Rewrite the sentences using the adverbs in brackets in the appropriate places. 1. I have used this information in my lectures (never). — I have never used this informotion in my lectures. 2. We have washed our jeans (already). 53 \es ^ 3. He has decided to take chicken and rice (just) 4. He has not planted any flowers (yet). 5. Have they been to the museum (already)? 6. Have they spoken to their parents (yet)? se 7. Has Linda seen mountains (ever)? 8. 1 have eaten Greek food (never) 9. You have come back (just). = 10. She has cleaned the windows (already). 29 54 Look at the pictures and write what they wanted to be as children and what they have become. 1. Bob 2. Davis 3. Greg 4. Helen 5. Tracy 6. Robert 7. Alice 8. Steven As children They have become -•-iy L \ Ч ren I a I 1. As a child Bob wanted to be a doctor but he has become a painter 2. 55 6 30 8 Use already or yet to make up questions and write them down. 1. You want to know if your friend has already finished packing his bag. 2. You ask: Have you finished You can’t believe your eyes, finished packing his bag. packing your bag yet? Your friend has already 3. 4. You ask: You ask your sister to wash up after dinner. In ten minutes you want to know if she has already done it. You shout from the bedroom: You ask your sister to wash up after dinner and leave. In ten minutes you come back and see that your sister 56 is playing some computer game. You want to know if she has already washed up. You ask: 5. Your brother is doing his homework. You know that he has a lot of exercises to write. In 20 minutes he says he is going for a walk. You want to know if he has already done everything. You ask: 6. Your cousin is cleaning the windows in your country house. There are 5 windows in it. In half an hour she sits down in the armchair and begins watching TV. You want to know if she has cleaned all the windows. You ask: __________ ______________________________________ 7. Your friend is not sure what to take for dinner in the restaurant. You want to know if she/he has already decided what to take. You ask: 8. You want to know if your friend has already seen the new film. You ask: 9. You are surprised that your learned the poem by heart. You has already done it. friend has so quickly want to know if she/he You ask: 10. You are interested if your the book to your teacher. You ask: ______________ parents have already given 31 Look at the table and write what rooms Brenda has done. Chidren’s room TV room Dining room Kitchen Hall clean not very clean clean clean clean Parents’ bedroom Sitting room Play room Bathroom Father’s study not very clean clean not very clean clean clean I i т if 1. Brenda has done the children's room 2. he =L lays al- 3. 4. 5. 57 itry she fou the de- the kly 'he en 32 6. 7. Use a/an or no article to complete these sentences. 1. I have just read such an interesting book! 2. It is such clear water! 3. Penguins are such funny animals! 4. Jane has become such good actress! 5. We have never been to such never seen such expensive restaurant- 6. They have tall building. 7. It was such usual meeting. 8. Richard has given me such un- tasty sweets. 9. His was such endless speech! 10. It is such vast territory. 11. You can do nothing with such children. 12. It is such big money! 13. This is such helpful information. 14. We are having such lovely weather today! 15. It is such lovely autumn day! Complete the dialogues using the verbs in brackets in the appropriate forms. 1. — You ever (be) to France? — Have yoU ever been to France? — Yes. I When you (be) there? I (be) there last summer. 58 With whom you (be) there? I (be) You ever (play) tennis? there with my class Yes. I When you (do) it? — I (play) Where you (play) it? I (play) tennis a month ago it in our sports club You (visit) the local art gallery? ? = Yes, I " » V____A Why you (go) there? They say the new collection of Italian portraits (be) very interesting. a —M ,1-— Js» . M| When you (be) there? I (be) there only yesterday — -Л 34 Write why learning English is important and where you can use it (8—10 sentences). Ч L 0 'Cii — L 59 Write what people can do to master’ the foreign language they are learning. What are you doing (8—10 sentences)? ^ to master ['marsta] — улучшить 36 60 37 See if you know the right answer’. 1. What does the Greek prefix pyro- mean? a) fire c) water b) air d) land 2. What does the Greek prefix aero- mean? a) air, gas c) more b) fly d) none of the above 3. What does the prefix real to do something twice b) to do something again mean? c) to change what you’ve done d) none of the above 4. What does the Greek prefix hyper- mean? a) too small c) too bright b) too slow d) too much 5. What does the prefix octo- mean? a) having ten parts c) having eight parts b) having nine parts d) having seven parts The right answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. c. Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order. a) “Yes, Dad, I know that. But when he was your age he was President of the United States.” b) “Ugh! This coffee tastes like soap.” c) “It’s so bad, last night they caught a mouse trying to phone out for a pizza.” d) “That must be tea, the coffee tastes like glue.” e) “You know, my boy, when Lincoln was your age he was a very good pupil. In fact, he was the best pupil in his class.” f) “How’s food in your school canteen?” Joke 1 Joke 2 .loke 3 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. ‘ See the answers on page 60. ne to /as his Uni t^ Some Facts about the English-Speaking World • ♦ • Listen to the text about New Zealand, (9), and match its five paragraphs with their titles (a—^f). There is one title you don't have to use, a) New Zealand Nowadays b) Some Pages of the Country’s History c) Different from All Other Places of the World d) The Land of the Maori e) Geographical Position of the Country f) Climate of the Country Tasman Sea Pacific Ocean 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. Extra Listen to the text about Canada, (10), and decide which of the fol lowing is not mentioned in it. ~ 1. The size of the country. 2. The country’s geographical position. 3. Some animals living on the territory of the country. 4. A place of natural beauty in Canada. 5. Some old Indian traditions. 61 6. The country’s two big cities. ii.' Reading I Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ^ (11). 62 [bra;n^] [in'kredabl] [Vaeli] [juikg'liptas] [stre^] ['empti] [la:f] [sa'praizd] [di'zi:z] [plein] [Trendli] [I'kidna] ['p3:ftkt] [фэ'равп] ['dezat] Read the geographical names, then listen and check, ^ (12). The liSA Alaska the Appalachians the Colorado the Grand Canyon the Great Plains the Mississippi the Niagara Falls the Rockies Washington, D.C. Texas Australia Canberra Great Australian Reef Melbourne Perth Sydney Uluru Rock Other Places China Japan Vietnam Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, ^ (13). a) laughter, flow, womanly. Frenchman, coast, empty, border, destroy, lately, leaves, ugly, suddenly, emu, chain, duckbill, journey b) the border between two countries, a chain of mountains, situated on the coast, to flow into the ocean, to look perfect, to stretch as far as the eye can see, a desert island, an empty territory, a journey home, to begin suddenly, to my great surprise c) Lucy wants to have a room of her own. Suddenly we heard a loud laughter coming from the nearby house. Our long journey was full of surprises. They have lately been to Japan with a friendly visit. From the top of the mountain the valley looks incredible. He liked to look at autumn leaves when they were falling to the ground. The children have always wanted to visit the land of koalas and eucalyptus trees. An endless desert was stretching in front of our eyes. They destroyed the old market and built several houses in its place. Into what sea does this river flow? and )or- lin, Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f). a) to countries all over the world b) in warm dry places c) do not work in factories or on farms d) grow a lot of wheat e) are situated mostly in the drier parts f) it is less hot Australia Australia is a rich country and life there is good. Where does its money come from? Sheep, cattle*, minerals, wheat, fruit, and wine are some of the answers. Sheep have been important since the earliest days. Most Australian sheep are Spanish merinos. They appeared in Australia in 1797. Merinos are strong animals and live happily (1) . Now twenty per cent of the world’s sheep live in Australia, mainly in the states New South Wales and Victoria. Twenty-five per cent of the world’s wool comes from there. 63 ns, ^ эок ^ is- = ud- we se. ely /he at 'he las in nd lis Cattle stations (2) of the north and centre. The meat from Australian cattle goes (3) Gold made Australia rich in the 19th century. The country also has oil, silver and other minerals. They bring lots of money. But digging for minerals often destroys the land. ^ The states Western Australia and New South Wales -(4) . They sell it to the USA, China and Japan. Australia grows other kinds of food too. In Queensland, the * cattle [‘kastl] — рогатый скот state in the east of the country, they grow bananas. Fur- 64 ther south, where (5) , apples appear. And in re- cent years Australia has been making very good wine too. But Australia is like many other modern countries, because now most of its workers (6) . Two-thirds of them work in shops, offices, banks or schools. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. □ 2 Read the order. paragraphs of the text (a- -e) and put them in the logical M. Twain Father of the Waters a) Mark Twain was in love with the great river. He even took his pen name from the call of the men on the boats. They cried “mark twain” when they wanted to say that the river was deep enough for their boats and safe for sailing. Now we can still see steamboats on the Mississippi River. They look very much like the steamboats in the pictures of Mark Twain’s books. b) A lot of big and important American cities are situated on the Mississippi’s banks. Memphis, the third largest city in the country, is one of them. Thousands of tourists come here to visit Elvis Presley’s home. Elvis Presley was one of the icons of the 20th century. He made rock’n’roll music very popular. The musician died in Fur- a re- — ЭО. = jause them >gical 1977, but there are people who still call him the greatest rock singer of all time. c) Hannibal is a lot smaller than Memphis. In fact, it is just a little town on the Mississippi River, but its name is familiar to Americans and people in other countries. Young Sam Clemens (Mark Twain) lived here from 1844 till 1853. He copied many of his characters from the boys and girls he knew when he was a child. Mark Twain’s house is now a museum, and across the street is the house of his sweetheart, Laura Hawkins. She became the model for Becky Thatcher in his famous book about Tom Sawyer and his adventures. d) After travelling all the way through the United States the great Mississippi ends in the Gulf of Mexico. This is the place where New Orleans ['э:Иэпг] is situated. This city is the home of jazz music and one of the most incredible places in the US. First it was a French city. French culture is still here — in the style of cooking, old buildings and some traditions. In New Orleans they still celebrate the old French festival of Mardi Gras. During this spring festival people dress in beautiful costumes, sing and dance in the streets. e) The Mississippi River is the most important river in the United States. Its name means “Father of the Waters”. Native Americans gave the river this name long, long ago. The name shows their respect for the great size and the power of the river. The Mississippi is 3,778 km long and flows from the US state of Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. In the place where the river begins it is so narrow that you can walk across it in 15 steps. But its water is very clear and cold. By and by the river becomes wider and more powerful. 65 кАеп the say afe [is- ats ;ed est ir- BS- de in 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS). Jackson Hole Jackson Hole is a beautiful valley situated in the state of Wyoming, USA. The place got its name from David Jack-son, a traveller and a hunter, who once lived there. His friends called it Jackson Hole because it really looked like a hole in the middle of the mountains. t т бб Jackson Hole is a popular holiday place. In summer months, people go there to walk in the mountains, ride horses, go fishing and boating on the rivers and lakes. Many visitors cross the valley in boats on the Snake River. It turns from side to side, like a snake. The water in the river moves very fast and you have to be brave to travel on it. Jackson Hole still keeps its Old West traditions. There are shops with cowboy hats and boots and cafes which look like saloons of the American West. Holidaymakers can ride horses or go to a rodeo [rou'dei] to see traditional competitions. The rodeo usually begins with a parade of cowboys and horses. Then comes the competition. Riders try to stay on a wild animal for eight seconds. They also ride wild horses and large bulls [bulz]. The animals try to throw the cowboys to the ground. The riders try not to fall off. Another thing that cowboys do is throwing a rope around a young cow’s legs. The cowboy who does this in the shortest time wins. People come to Jackson Hole from all over the world to enjoy the best of cowboy and mountain culture. 1. It was David Jackson who gave the valley its name. 2. There are a lot of things people can enjoy doing in Jackson Hole. 3. The Snake River is the longest in Wyoming. 4. It is easy to sail along the Snake River. 5. Horses help people to win in a rodeo. 6. Visitors from abroad come to Jackson Hole for holidays. i Hi. Spcekliig Ж Speak about the USA. Mention: • the country’s geographical position; » the country’s relief (mountains, plains, lakes and rivers); • the climate; • some places of interest; f I 10 11 12 • some cities (including New York and Washington, D.C.); ■ people and their traditions. Speak about Australia. Mention: • the country’s geographical position; • the climate and nature in different parts of the country; • some places of interest in Australia; • the Australian Aborigines; • some cities (including Canberra); • some of Australian curious birds and animals. Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue and act it out. • You and your good friend have won at the city contest of photographs. Your prize is a trip to the USA or Australia. You have to decide which of the two countries to choose. Both of you are interested in taking pictures of natural objects and want to travel together. Talk about where to go. Give different arguments. Try to come to some decision. Complete the dialogue and act it out. A: My greatest wish is to see the world. I’d like to go travelling. B: Really? (1) Л: To some English-speaking country. I’ve already heard a lot about them, so I’d like to see them with my own eyes. B: It’s a very good idea. (2) Л: I think I’ll go to Australia first. B: (3) 13 Ж A: Because it is such an unusual country. Say as much as you can about the places of interest in English-speak ing countries. 14 Comment on the following proverbs. • A thing of beauty is a joy • So many countries, so many for ever customs. Use of English Spell these words. 1. [brarnCl — branch 9. [aun] — 68 2. [kaust] — 10. [plein] — 3. [di'z3:t] — 11. [’sevral] - D 4. [di'zirz] — 12. [’sAdnli] - 5. [ju;ka'liptas] — 13. [sa'praiz] 6. ['c^3:ni] — 14. [Vaeli] 7. [li:vz] — 15. ['лд1«1 — 8. ['lu:fta] — 16 Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right. 1. Doing sport gives you a shopely body and a lot of energy. 2. That day Anna looked in her new light blue dress. 3. Have you ever tried real tea? 4. The place where we arrived was beautiful. 5. To fight with girls is not ________ 6. from 7. The woman had a face and the children decided to ask her for help. 8. Mark Twain is one of the most popular shape love China incredible man paintings look very different Japan Europe kind writers. America 9. This mighty river flows slow I I through the plain. 10. The Sea is a part of the Norway Arctic Ocean 17 Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. The early (1) Europeans in America lived Europe on the East Coast. To the west, behind the line they called the “Frontier”, the land was full of (2) It was the land of (3) dangers. s, or Na- tive Americans. The pioneers moved farther and farther west until they reached the Pacific Ocean and the frontier was there no longer. But the idea of the land of know India 69 (4) cowboys and brave man (5) s became part of the hunt (6) . dream. A lot of people America still believe that if you are strong and (7) , you can go to the land of skill (8) plains and (9) end, rock mountains and find your (10) happy 18 there. These sentences have factual mistakes. Rewrite the sentences to make them correct. 1. Washington, D.C. is a city of skyscrapers. York is a city of skyscrapers. New 2. The aborigines are the native people of America 70 3. Most of Australians live in the north of the country 4. The Grand Canyon is situated in the Appalachian Mountains. — 5. New York is the capital of the USA. 6. Sydney is the capital of Australia. 7. One of the Australian animals whose babies come from eggs is a koala. 8. The USA borders on Canada in the south and on Mexico in the north. — ___________________ 9. Death Valley is the lowest and the coldest place in the USA. — 10. One of the most beautiful things you can Great Plains of the US is the Uluru Rock. 19 Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words. 1. Yesterday our teacher gave out some pictures and asked us to describe them in English. 2. the southeast Rus- sia borders China. 3. We all laughed cartoon. 4. Young children must travel only the funny the back of the car. 5. I know how difficult it is to do sport but. please, don’t give . Sport is good 6. When I asked my question, he looked your health. me sur- prise. 7. The secret room was situated house. 8. I took out the key but the back of the my surprise the door was open. 9. The Mississippi River flows the Gulf of Mexico. 10. I always give books time. to the librai'y 71 20 .M Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 1. Many rivers (fly/flow) flow into the Pacific Ocean 2. The volcano lava (flew/flowed) down the hill. 3. The beautiful birds (were flying/ were flowing) over the water. 4. They (flew/flowed) be/May be) to Sydney early in the morning. 5. (May- we can listen to this song again, it’s lovely. 6. They (maybe/may be) the most friendly people I’ve ever met. 7. Jane says she (maybe/may be) a little late for the begin- ning of the show. 8. (Maybe/May be) the story will surprise you but everything I’m going to say is true. 72 21 Match the words in the two columns and use the word combinations to complete the sentences. 1. incredible 2. great a) road b) coast incredible journey 3. laughed c) surprised 4. several d) journey 5. pleasantly e) loudly 6. southeast f) leaves 7. lonely g) surprise 8. autumn h) times 1. We went to East Africa and, believe me, it was an incredible journey. 2. They lived on the__________________ of Florida enjoying the sunshine and the ocean 3. They brought some colourful from the park to decorate the living room. 4. When I showed Colin my pictures, he but said nothing. 5. To my they gave us everything we asked for. 6. Everyone feels uncomfort- able on a at night. 7. I’ve seen this film , it’s one of my favou- rite. 8. They were to find that the hotel was so comfortable. тх 4 22 Use the definite article with the geographical names where necessary. 23 Complete the text with the articles a or the where necessary. (1) The Dead Sea is really not (2) sea at all. but (3) the ocean. (4) salty lake. It’s nine times saltier than Dead Sea is three million years old. There is no life in (5) is too salty for (6) ______ Dead Sea: its water fish or (7) to live. (8) Dead Sea is (9) plants lowest place on earth. It’s very deep. Its depth is 378 metres. Salt crystals are everywhere on (10) shore, they look like (11) ice. Water flows into (12) Dead Sea from several rivers, but does not flow out. (13) - climate of this territory is sunny and dry. It has 330 full days of (14) sunshine 1. the Appalachian Mountains 9. Lake Badwater 2. Potomac River 10. Alaska 3. Melbourne 11. Uluru Rock 73 4. Grand Canyon 12. . USA C 5. Hawaii 13. Australia D 6. Sahara Desert 14. Death Valley w 7. Rockies 15. Atlantic Ocean 8. Colorado River (15) year. 24 Complete this verb chart. .M. '4 J 12. 1. think thought thought ! ! думать 2. sent i 3. встречать 4. fight 5. built 6. taught ■ 7. приносить 8. found 9. drive , 10. left 1 11. spent 1 ломать 25 Choose the right verb forms to complete the sentences. 1. It’s the first time Mark (drove/has driven) haS driven such a wonderful car. 2. When (did you give/have you giv- en) the book back to your teacher? 3. Mr Jackson (chose/has chosen) a present for his daughter just now. 4. They (never thought/have never thought) about leaving this place. 5. Ene- mies (destroyed/have destroyed) the castle many years ago. 6. Miss Philips (never laughed/has never laughed) at her pupils in her whole life. 7. Dad (just taught/has just taught) me to fish. 8. It (got/has got) dark about an hour ago. It’s time to go home. 9. The other day we sud- denly (found/have found) the museum we wanted to visit. 10. Mary (just had/has just had) her lunch, she isn’t hungry any more. 26 Use the verbs in brackets in the right tenses — past simple or present perfect. 1. I (meet) met Linda just now. She was talking to our teacher. 2. It’s the second time Sally (read) (buy) this story. She likes it a lot. 3. Jason a new dictionary the other day. He is already using it. 4. Colin (just break) his bike. That’s why he looks so sad. 5. My sister (eat) do) Chinese food several times, but I (never it. 6. It’s the first time he (spend) a month at the sea. He loved it. 7. The other day we (find) (have) family (have) a lovely cafe and tea there. 8. Some years ago the a small cottage at the sea- side. 9. The children (already leave) home. they are on their way to school. 10. My friend (send) they (hear) me several e-mails today. 11. That day __________ the good news and (go) home at once. 12. Sam (not tell) 75 us about his plans yet. I think he’ll do it later. 76 27 Complete the sentences with gone or been. 1. Where is your grandad? He has just gone to visit his friend. 2. They haven’t to Australia yet, they are planning to go there in the spring. 3. Where has Anna I don’t know. She may be in the market. 4. They’ve just to Hawaii. Ask them about the place. 5. Has she ever to an English-speaking coun- try? 6. My brother isn’t at home. He’s to the swimming pool. 7. All my classmates have to the Pushkin Museum, but I haven’t. 8. Luke has just out. Please call him back later. 9. The family has abroad on holiday. They’ll be back home in September. 10. Have you ever to Lake Bai- kal? You should go there one day 28 Use the articles a/an or the to complete the sentences. 1. Among the tourists there was Q Canadian and two Americans. The Canadian spoke English and French. 2. Japanese are a very hard-working nation. 3. He was Englishman but lived in Spain most of his life. 4. The say that French know a lot about good food and cooking. 5. Is your friend Chinese? No, she is Vietnamese. 6. Chinese have a very interesting old culture. 7. Mike was Australian but everybody thought that he was American. 8. He said he was German, not Austrian. i 29 Complete the sentences as in the example. 1. Most of the Americans live in America and speak Eng- lish. 2. Most of live in Germany and 77 speak . 3. Most of live in England and speak live in . 4. Most of and speak Norwegian. 5. Most of live in and speak Japanese. 6. Most of the British people live in and speak . 7. Most of the Italians live in and speak . 8. Most of live in Rus- sia and speak live in . 9. Most of and speak Vietnamese. 10. Most of the Australians live in and speak 30 Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. 1. It is the first time James hoS ЬввП one, be abroad. Let’s ask him what he feels. 2. Autumn has come. The are leaf beginning to fall off the trees. 3. It is the building I’ve ever '■ incredible seen. 4. Where are the Wilsons? They spend 78 their holidays at the seaside 5. This time Jane’s laughter was than before. 6. When I saw James last, he his favourite book. 7. My friend is Kate, but I love Anna and Nina too 8, Melbourne was the visited in Australia. 9. My cousin is learning can already say a few phrases in it. , he kindly read good city they three China 10. Oslo is the great place to visit. capital, it’s a ! Norway 31 Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. The Maori people are the original people of New Zealand where thev settled about 1000 years ago. When Captain Cook and his (1) men arrived in New Zealand in man 1642, they (2) there tall, strong meet people with brown skin and tattooed bodies. They were (3) hunters and sol- good f es. diers than the Europeans but they were also warm and friendly people. They lived in wooden houses and had wooden boats. They (4) birds and (5) and (6) The Europeans (7) guns, ciga- rettes and diseases that were new to the catch, fish sweet potatoes for food. grow bring 79 < Maori, and many of (8) Today, most Maori (9) died. lifestyle but Maori culture is still very strong. Many schools teach Maori language and train the children in the ways of (10) grandfathers. they their change they Writing 32 Read the text "The Lion Country" and write 10 questions you would like to ask to know more about the country. The Lion Country The Republic of Singapore [,5«1]э'рэ:] is a small island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore is also the name of the country’s biggest island and its capital city. A legend says that a prince named the island Singapura, meaning “lion city”, because he thought he saw a lion there. 1. 2. j 3. • 1 4 4. « • 80 5. • C 6. • D 7. -» « 8. ! 4 9. V Щ Л m 10. Your friend has just come back from Australia. Write 10 questions you may ask him/her. 1. You want to know if he/she liked the country you like Australia? Did 2. You want to ask what places he/she visited and if he/ she liked them. 3. You are interested in what the weather was like at the time of his/her visit. 4. You’d like to know what Australian birds and animals he/she saw. — 5. You want to ask if the people were friendly. I i 6. It is also interesting to know if he/she met any native I i i Australians and what they were like. 7. You’d like to know if Australian English is very differ- ent from British English. 81 8. 9. 10. 34 Write a letter or an e-mail to your pen friend. Explain to him/her why it is important for people from different countries to know each other better. a. 82 35 36 ж See if you know the right answer’. 1. 2. What causes a volcano to erupt? a) magma b) water c) dust d) none of the above Which holiday in the US do they celebrate on the fourth Thursday of November? a) Thanksgiving Day b) New Year’s Day c) Christmas Day d) Flag Day 3. Which is the second a) Pacific c) Indian largest ocean in b) Atlantic d) Arctic the world? 4. Who explored the South Pacific in the 1700s? a) Magellan b) Christopher Columbus c) James Cook d) Roald Amundsen 5. Where is Grand Canyon National Park? a) Texas b) California c) Arizona d) Florida The right answ'ers are: 1. a, 2, a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c. Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order. a) “Yes, sir, they’re not very good swimmers. b) “Well just eat the cheese and leave the holes on the side of your plate.” c) “Sit down, sir — we serve anyone.” d) “Waiter, there’s a dead beetle in my soup. e) “Waiter, do you serve crabs?” f) “I don’t like cheese with holes.” .loke ! Joke 2 Joke 3 1. 2. 1. 2. ’ See the answers on page 82. _ JJjl I t Living Things Around Us 83 M i Listening Listen to the text about New Zealand, (14), and decide which of the facts (1—6) are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS). 1. The kauri' is the main material to build houses in New Zealand. 2. Kauri trees grow in North Island. 3. There are a lot of wooden houses in Wellington. 4. All kauri trees have names. 5. The kakapo parrot lives only in New Zealand. 6. The kakapo parrot weighs more than any other bird in New Zealand. Listen, (15), and decide which of the facts is not stated in the text. 1. Kiwi birds are not very big birds. ^ 2. For a long time kiwi birds did not have any enemies on the land where thev lived 3. Kiwi birds are disappearing 4. The kiwi is the bird that is the symbol of New Zealand. ^ the kauri ['kauari] — название известного новозеландского вида деревьев 5. It is not easy to see kiwi birds because of their colour. 6. It is possible to say that kiwi birds are night birds. 84 II. i Reading Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ^ (16). [bri;6] ['breikablj ['kjuarias] [ispejali] [Vein/nnst] [twm] [in'klurdii]] [da'mestik] ['murvabl] [.saian'tifik] ['snnila] [sa'port] ['relativ] ['speijas] [hard] Read the names of animals and plants and the word combinations with them, then listen and check, (Ф (17). a) an ape, a beetle, a blackbird, a butterfly, a monkey, a caterpillar, a dragonfly, an insect, a ladybird, a lizard, a magpie, a nightingale b) a strong ostrich, a wise owl, a funny penguin, a white- and-brown pigeon, a tiny robin, a noisy seagull, a long snake, a grey starling, a fast swallow, a hard-working woodpecker, a white moth c) a beech, a bluebell, a daffodil, an elm, a lily, a water lily, an oak, a pine, a shamrock, a sunflower, a thistle d) a tall beech, an old pine, a fantastic lily, a wonderful bluebell, a strong oak, a water lily in the pond, spring yellow daffodils, tall elms in the forest, under the pine, sunflowers in the field Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (18). a) another, human, close, enjoyable, everyone, fur, hide, including, similar, someone, soil, species b) a twin brother, to be close to the relatives, to be curious about plants growing in rainforests, including insects, especially domestic animals, common birds, similar problems, a spacious office, to breathe in deeply, an unusual species c) He has paid for all of us. We have never had anything in common. Pirate Jack has hidden the money, no one will be able to find it. Different species of animals live in rainforests. Her parents supported her till she was twenty-one. А narrow river flows down this beautiful valley. We have been to Canada but never to any other English-speaking countries. Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS). Charles Darwin: How it All Began At the age of 19, Charles Darwin went to Cambridge University to study religion, but he didn’t like it. He didn’t spend much time on books, what he loved to do was collecting beetles. Finally, something happened to Charles that changed his life. A friend invited him on an expedition on his ship the Beagle. Without any clear idea about what he wanted to do with his life, Charles joined the expedition. The voyage began on the 27th of December, 1831. It was a five-year expedition to incredible faraway places. Charles was not really a scientist and he felt terribly seasick but he still had a wonderful time on his voyage. He had a great chance to study lots of plants and animals. When the Beagle arrived at the Cape Verde [v3:d] Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, Charles saw a tropical forest for the first time in his life. And he was surprised by the great number and variety of animal species. He started to collect butterflies, spiders, beetles, shells — he loved everything. Charles decided to become a scientist. Three years later, in 1935, the Beagle landed at the Galapagos [ga'laepagas] Islands where Charles saw giant tortoises and other interesting animals. Charles found that each of the islands had its own kind of tortoise. The animals on different islands were a little different. Charles thought that it was strange. At that time people believed that every animal species looked the way God made it. Darwin came home from his five-year adventure and began working hard. So much to do, so many questions to answer. He later said that the two years after his voyage were the busiest in his life. Charles started writing a book. He also started to think about the Galapagos animals and what he called the “transmutation of species”, the slow changing of one species into another. Now we call it “evolution”. 1. Darwin was not a good university student. 2. Darwin knew why he wanted to go on the ^ expedition. 85 3. Darwin enjoyed the expedition. 4. When Darwin arrived at the Galapagos Islands, he already knew what he wanted to do professionally. 5. In London Darwin began to collect material for his book. 86 6. Darwin never used the word “evolution Read the texts (1—6) and match them with the titles (a—f). There is one title you don't have to use. a) People’s Relatives b) They Are Fairly Different c) Important Part of the Body d) Origin of the Name e) The Best-known Species f) Their Habits 1. The word lemur ['li:ma] comes from the Latin word meaning “a ghost”. Perhaps this is because they move about silently at night and have large mysterious eyes. 2. Lemurs have lived on the planet Earth for a very long time, but you can find them only in two places on the island Madagascar (millions of years ago, the island of Madagascar broke away from the continent of Africa) and the nearby Comori Islands. 3. Some people think that lemurs belong to the family of squirrels or cats. But the truth is, they are more close to us, humans. They are primates. 4. Lemurs have big, bushy tails that wave in the air as a form of communication. These big tails also help them balance when they jump from tree to tree. But lemurs don’t hang from trees by their tails, as some monkeys do. Some species of the lemur have longer tails than their bodies. 5. There are many kinds of lemurs. They come in different colours and sizes. The smallest species weighs only 30 grams. The largest species weighs 10 kilograms. In the past there were also very large lemurs which weighed 240 kilograms, but they have all died out. 6. Lemurs live and move about in groups. They like to sleep during the day and are active during the night. They eat nuts, fruits and berries. Sometimes they also eat insects. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Extra ► t. г Read the text and answer the questions after it. Gerald Durrel: the Friend of Ail Animals Gerald Durrel, a popular British writer and the author of brilliant books about animals, was born in India in 1925. His mother often joked that his first word was “zoo”. When he was three years old, his family moved to England, then to the Greek island of Corfu — to get away from the terrible English weather. With his mother, his sister Margo, and his brothers, Leslie and Larry, Gerald spent five years on the island. That was the start of his long career as an animal expert. They lived in an old villa. One day Gerald found a big scorpion in the garden wall. The scorpion had lots of light brown babies on her back. He put them into a matchbox and hurried home. It was time for lunch, so Gerald put the matchbox on the shelf... He began his meal, and forgot about his new pets. He suddenly remembered about them when he heard a noise from the sitting room. He ran there and saw his brother Larry with an open matchbox in his hand. And the scorpions were free! Larry shouted “Help!”, the Durrels’ dog went wild and the servant dropped a plate. The scorpion and her babies ran all over the room. Gerald had to catch them with a teaspoon, and put them back in the garden wall. In 1939, the Durrels moved back to London because of the war. At the end of the war Gerald got a job in Whipsnade Zoo where he started looking after the lions and other animals. On his 21st birthday Gerald decided to go on expeditions to collect wild animals for British zoos. Back home in England he kept a lot of animals — monkeys, squirrels, frogs and others — in his sister’s garden. Gerald’s brother Larry asked him to write about his journeys and voyages to different places. This is how Gerald Durrel became a famous writer. The title of one of his most famous books is “My Family and Other Animals”. 87 Quest i«)ns 1. When and where was Gerald Durrel born? 2. How many brothers and sisters did he have? 3. When did he first come to England? i 1 4. Why did the family move to Greece? 88 5. How long did Gerald live on Corfu? 4 4 6. What did Gerald find in the garden wall one day? 7. Why did his brother Larry shout when he opened the matchbox? — ___________ ___________________________ 8. When did the Durrels go back to England? 9. Why did they do it? 10. How did Gerald begin writing books? A. Read the poem. What is its message? The Wayfarer’ The beauty of the world has made me sad. This beauty that will pass; Sometimes my heart has shaken with great joy To see a leaping^ squirrel in a tree, Or a red ladybird upon a leaf. ' a wayfarer ['weifeara] — путник, странник ^ to leap [li:p] — прыгать, перескакивать I jr Or little rabbits in a field at evening. Lit by a sleuiting* sun. And then my heart has told me: These will pass. Will pass and change, will die and be no more. Things bright and green, things young and happy; And I have gone upon my way Sorrowful^. Pddraic Pearse^ 8. Work in pairs. Discuss the poem. Consider the following: • feelings the poet has and why he has them; • the three types of wild animals which have given him joy; • the things the poet’s heeirt has told him; • if the lines in the poem rhyme^, if it is always imp>or-tant; • if you sometimes feel the same. 89 10 Speak about flora and fauna of the place where you live. Say: • in what part of Russia you live; what weather is typical of this place in winter and in summer; • what plants, trees and flowers grow there; • what wild birds and other animals live there; • what people do and should do to protect® the flora and fauna in your area. Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act it out. The Pet Donald: Have you got a pet, Phil? Phil: (1) Yes, I have. It’s a dog. Donald: What is its name? How old is it? • slanting ['sla:ntir)] — клонящееся к закату sorrowful [’sDraufl] — печальный, горестный ^ Padraic Pearsc (1879 — 1916) was an Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer, and political activist who was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising in 1916. Following his execution along with fifteen other leaders, Pearse came to be seen by many as the embodiment of the rebellion, to rhyme [raim] — рифмоваться to protect [pra'tektl — защищать Phil: (2) ______________ Donald: So, it’s a grown-up dog, not a puppy. (3) 4 4 « 4 4 90 Phil: I’ve had Pirate since he was born, for five years already, It’s a pleasure to have a dog and a great responsibility* too. Donald: (4) ? Phil: I mean that you must look after your pet, feed him regularly, take the dog out, play with him and train him. Donald: (5) ? Phil: I do. I regularly take Pirate to the vet, usually twice a year. Dogs may have health problems and it’s important to keep them fit. Comment on these proverbs. Can you find their Russian equivalents? • Birds of a feather flock together. • A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. • An early bird catches the worm. IV. Use of EngHsh 13 Spell the words. 1. [bri:6i — breathe 9. ['ostntl'] — 2. ['kjuarias] — 10. ['relativ] — 3. [I'speJIi] — 11. ['insekt] — 4. [,sai9n'tifik] — 12. ['koman] — 5. ['simib] — 13. [sa'pD:t] — 6. ['spi:Ji:z] — 14. ['picfean] — 7. [in'klu;dn]] — 15. ['naitiggeil] — 8. ['hju:mDn] — 16. [wud] — ' re.sponsibility [n spDnsa'bilati] — ответственность Correct the names under the pictures where necessary. 1. poppy daffodil 2. tulip 91 3. elm 4. oak 5. bluebell 6. shamrock 7. lily 8. water lily 9. pine 10. fir 11. beech 12. lily of the valley 15 Complete the sentences with the new words from the box. X X especially, similar, shamrock, breathe(2), close, scientific, hidden, curious, species, included, humans, relative, bluebell i 92 16 1. A clover leaf with three parts is a shamrock. It is an emblem of Ireland. 2. A is not a bell of blue colour, it is a flower. 3. I came to my doctor. He asked me to in and then to out through the nose. He wanted to listen to my heart and lungs. 4. Where have you have you done it? 5. Be my keys? Why careful when you cross the street here. It’s a dangerous place. 6. Rodger, is Uncle Harry your ? 7. Although the girls were not twins, their shoes and dresses looked . 8. Everyone was about the new student. 9. Men, women and children are __________________10. Do wolves and dogs belong to the same of animals? 11. We not only our relatives but some of our friends on the list of guests. 12. All of the pupils have to do experiments in Chemistry classes Write the names of 1. five (or more) animals of white colour I I i hare (in winter^ 2. five (or more) flowers of white colour 93 3. five (or more) insects that can be black 4, five (or more) birds or animals that are grey 5. two (or more) animals that change their colour 94 17 Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sentences. up, oiit(2), for, off, from, behind, till, about, to, in 1. My sister and me have always been very close to each other. 2. He is really ill. He has been breathing coal dust^ for many years. 3. It’s now very common young people to use gad- gets wherever possible. 4. Mrs Wilson prefers to hide sad news merous relatives. 5. Johnny, do you think you have hidden door? I can see you very well, dear. 6. How long is she going to support her children? her nu- the I think they should begin working. 7. I have always been curious plants and animals that live and grow in the ocean. 8. The doctor asked me not to breathe for several seconds and then to breathe 9. Actors usually make before going on stage. 10. He is too far away. I can’t make what he is saying. 11. I wanted to speak to Mr Stevenson but he made when he saw me. ' coal dust — угольная пыль 1в А. Form adjectives with the suffix -able from the words below. i. \ = Adiectivp И ii. лош1-т-аЫ*г = Adjecti\» 1. break — breakable 1. fashion 2. enjoy 3. read 2. comfort 3. knowledge 95 4. move* 5. understand 4. pleasure* 5. honour* 6. imagine* 6. value* 7. wash i. memory i: 8. compare •u •• 8. reason* 9. advise* 10. suit* B. Look up the words with the * symbol in the dictionary, written the words correctly? If not, correct them. Write meanings of these words are. Have you what the 19 Write what the meanings of these words are. 1. imaginable 6. pleasurable 2, washable 7. honourable 3. comparable 8. valuable 4. advisable 9. memorable 5. suitable 10. reasonable 20 Use 12 different words from exercise 18 and write 6 word combine tions and 6 sentences with them. 1. 2. 96 5. 6. 7. 8 9 10 11. 21 % 12. Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the sentences. 1. Ostriches’ powerfu! legs are by far the biggest of any bird and can be over 1.2 m long. 2. Long ago my father taught me the names of all the trees and wildflowers and the power grasses that grow in the differ fields. 3. Му father told me that a nest with eggs t r f in it was one of the most things in the world. beauty 4. Once I found a nightingale’s nest with six small eggs in a place in the middle of the field. I thought it was and grass of danger, the bird to build its nest on the ground. care 97 s But they always do it. 5. During my early years I never had a mo- ment’s 6. The far from the or where we lived was unhappy, ill; build part of the centre town. s s г * 3- 7. Once on a I saw a white hare running in front of me. day in winter snow quick 8. My father was the most wonder and father any boy ever excite had. He was a wildly fun person. And he was a fantastic storyteller. My favourite story was “The Big Giant’’, or “The BFG for friend short”. 9. I spent an morning in enjoy 98 the forest watching birds and listening to their singing. 10. Be dear, the vase you’re holding is care break Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text. % Dogs and fish make (1) fontQS- fantasy tic pets. They have something in common but they are quite (2) . Both are (3 animals to watch. Dogs like performing (4) tricks. They run and jump and follow you, Bright, (5) (6) (8) watch. They swim in their tanks and look just (7) . You can play with a dog. Dogs are true friends. Fish are not. On the other hand, fish are (9) and don’t need any (10) care differ wonder usual colour fish are fun to tropic beauty real expense medicine 23 A. English people often use word combinations with the noun "earth", What do you think they mean? Write their Russian equivalents down Look them up to see if your guess was right. 1. I’m going to travel round the world. — Oh, come down to earth, it’s too expensive. 2. What on earth^ are you doing here? You should be already at school!---------------------------------------------------- 3. Why on earth have you done this? Why have you thrown away the flowers? 99 4. Why on earth are you trying to change the situation? It’s impossible! 5. Who on earth has decided it? B. Write 5 sentences with the phrases: who on earth, what on earth, why on earth, how on earth, to come down to earth. 1. ________________________________________ 2. 3. 4. 5. 24 Ж Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences. 1. Some more people are coming. I think we’ll need (anoth-er/other) another chair, please. 2. I can see only three ' Пред-яожения со словосочетанием on earth используются в эмоционально окрашенной речи. 100 photos. Where are (others/the others) ? 3. Some metals are magnetic (others/the others) aren’t, are they? 4. Can I have (another/other) flow) piece of cake, please? 5. We decided to (fly/ to Paris, though the weather is not very good. 6. Anna, can you tell (others/the others) that I’ll be late. 7. This is my native (ground/land) ____________ and I love it. 8. The (land/Earth) goes round the Sun. 9. It was autumn and the leaves were falling down onto the (ground/soil) . 10. One of your shoes is under the sofa, but where is (other/the other) ? 11. Don’t believe her. She has made the whole story (off/up) . 12. The (soil/ground) near the coast is stony, not sandy. 13. Why should you make (off/up) so heavily when you go to school? It’s not appropriate. 14. They made (off/out) _____________ with our television and stereo. 15. It was very 25 noisy in the room and I couldn’t make (off/out) what the speaker was saying. A. Rewrite the sentences using the pronouns from the box instead of those in the sentences. someone, anyone, everyone, no one 1. Somebody has stolen my bike. my bike. 2. Nobody will be able to do that. Someone has stolen г г I I г 3. Does anybody remember this word? 4. Is there anybody who doesn’t understand what to do? 5. They need somebody like you, somebody who understands business methods. — 101 6. Irene told me she was not in love with Robert but with somebody else. — 7. Nobody can help me. 8. Not everybody has got that much money. В Make up and write 4 sentences with each word from the box. 1. 2. 3. 4. 26 Write three forms of these verbs, .M. 102 27 1. включать 2. прятать(ся) 3. платить 4. жечь 5. (о бить часах) 6. рисовать 7. дуть 8. носить (одежду) 9. писать по буквам 10. летать 11. дышать Г 12. расти 13. иметь в_виду 14. класть 15. стоять 16. выиграть include included included Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences. 1. They (already have ridden/rode) have already ridden to the market in their car. 2. She (hasn’t learnt/didn’t learn) the new rule yet. 3. The other day when she was cooking, she (has burnt/burnt) the potatoes. 4. I (have heard/heard) а very strange sound a minute ago. 5. We never (have known/knew) these facts. Can you give us some details? 6. This year they (have won/won) two gold medals. 7. I (haven’t forgotten/ didn’t forget) your lie, and I will never forget it. 8. When he was a child, he (has dreamt/dreamt) to become a naturalist, but, you know, in the end he (has become/became) ist. 9. I (have made/made) a journal- coffee. Would you like to join me for a cup? 10. Sorry, dear, I (haven’t meant/didn’t mean) to offend you. the disk on the 28 % 11. Larry (has put/put) desk a minute ago. Where is it now? Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the sentences. 1. Tree kangaroos live in the New Guinea^ forests. Their tails are longer than the bodies. they, long 103 2. The mountain forests of northwest America have the the and the and trees on the Earth. 3. Some of birds and animals which old, large tall species live in the tundra all the year round change colour. Arctic foxes, snowy owls. ' New Guinea [ gini] — Новая Гвинея {государство) I L 104 snowshoe rabbits, stoats’ and arctic hares turn white in late autumn, and they change back to summer colours in they spring. 4. The you go up a mountain, the it gets. 5. Different animals in the savannah eat dif- high cold ferent. Giraffes feed on branches high in trees; antelopes feed on 6. A desert is an area which has branches. than low little 25 cm of rain, and very little plant life. 7. Many that live near the water surface^ are often blue, green or violet. fish 9 I I 1 f ' a stoat [staut] — горностай ^ a surface ['s3:fis] — поверхность a stoat [staut] — горностай 8. Bamboo in India, the Far ! grow r I I I East and China. It is one of the i growing plants. height [halt] can be about 30 me- tres. 9. The Earth is the giant redwood tree, growing in the USA and Canada. The tree is 112 m high This is much than the stat- ue of Liberty in New York, which at 93 m. fast, it living thing on the large tall tall stand 105 29 % Complete the text using the appropriate forms of the words on the right. Major Part I One day my father came home and (1) brought a small kitten with him. bring (2) name dad (3) was Major. it, say Major was just a skinny, mewing kitten with a tail like a mouse’s. In a few months he (4) fairly bigger and stronger. He become was really the (5) cat in brave the block. When he (6) in the appear yard, all othercats suddenly (7) run off. Every day Major (8) our house for several hours. I loved Major and leave 106 (9) proud of my cat, Part II One day my dad asked me, “You (1) any changes in Major’s behaviour? The cat (2) with us for about a year, but look, how fat he (3) I agreed. Every day Major (4) (5) (7) and (6) u Probably (8) the (9) cat in the town. 99 One night I (10) sounds, “Peep, peep.” They (11) from my closet. It was the middle of the night and I was very sleepy, but the sounds (12) . I (13) ked into the closet. Boy, what I (14) there? You won’t believe, but there (15) be notice live become get And he fat, fat much more. My dad smiled, eat cat will end up we big little strange hear come up and loo- not stop. get; see Major and five tiny baby kittens. I be 30 Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in present perfect or in present perfect progressive. 1. It (snow) has been snowing all morning. And it is still snowing. 2. It just (stop) snowing. Look, how beautiful the trees are. 3. Jane (play) volleyball professionally for several years. 4. I’m sorry I’m late. How long you (wait) ? 5. Where is Ann? — She is upstairs, cleaning her bedroom. She (do) __________________ it since morning. 6. I (read) the story up to the end. I can’t say I like it a lot. 7. Sue is in the garden. She (plant) flowers since 9 a.m. I don’t know if she (plant) all of them. 8. Hello, Betsy! What on earth are you doing here? I am trying to find an English-French-Spanish Dictionary. I (look) (learn) for it all morning. 9. My cousin German for five years but he can hardly speak this language. 10. I (not see) Albert for more than a month. 107 31 11. Ron (read) this book for two months. When do you think he will finish it? Read the sentences and write in which of them the action expressed by present perfect progressive has finished (F) and where it is still going on (G). 1. Justin has been playing the piano for an hour already. G 2. My hands are dirty because I’ve been planting flowers in our garden. 3. — I’m really tired, Chris. How long are we going to stay in this shop? — We have been doing shopping since morning. 108 4. — Why are your hands green? — I have been painting the benches in our garden. 5. You have been working on the computer for 3 hours. Don’t you think you need a break? 6. Olga’s sweater is too small for her. She has been wearing it since she was ten. 7. I have been listening to you for half an hour but you haven’t even begun answering the question. 8. The children have been writing a test for nearly an hour. I hope they will finish it soon. V. Writing 32 Write greetings cards to your friends and relatives. Social English Section can help you. 1. It is the 31st of December. You are writing to your parents. Happy New Year, dear Mother and Father! _____ Your son/daughter... . 2. Your brother Tom has his birthday tomorrow. 3. It is the 8th of March. You are writing to your Aunt Rachel. 7 4. Your cousin Victor has become a figure skating champion. o’ I ъ 9 5. It is the end of September. International Teacher’s Day is coming soon. You are writing a card to your favourite teacher. Q ^ 'O’ O’ ! V_ ^ О ^^O^o ^ о ^ о & 0’ &~"o^So e 0 « ( OJ of 6. It is Easter tomorrow. You are writing to your granny. ivi ^ ’’o'' «is 'o^''^o 8 109 L« >..-g>..e_C9-.o.C?-J»^i^.o.<4> ,o,g> .0., gj> ,p ,o._6?_.o.C^_.e.^A.^^o_A^e^_.o.g» ,e. 6j> .о£^,о.,б» ,o ».o1 7. You are writing to a friend who is going to take part in swimming competition. e 0 o) of g> .o.-g? o.g? .о.-С? .о.сд> ,.o,g!a ,o, gj> jO ,o. c?> .0.6^ .0.£&-A-^ 8. It is the 24th of December. Your pen friend Archie lives in London. You are writing to him. 9 8 0 ( qj of a.,s>£Lvsa..£a-/avg$vSv^w£wava.>g»av&v^^^^^ 9. Tomorrow is Mother’s Day. You are writing to your mother. /g-g-*3^2>gwfia..g.*5wgaL<3vQL.f5 v&v^-/Svawg..>°a^a.v&a^&^^>&g? л 33 Your friend is going to a party. You hope he will have a nice evening. Write what you can tell him/her before saying "goodbye". 1. 2. 110 34 M 3. Why national parks are important. Write 8—10 sentences, Just for Fun 35 An anagram ['aenagraem] is a special word. You can form it using all the letters of another word. (Example: SALT is an anagram of LAST.) Match the pairs of anagrams in the columns. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. cheat a) nails chain b) skate waste c) teach snail d) china takes e) sweat 36 Make and write anagrams from each of these words. 1. diver drive 2. bleat 3. dense 4. feast - > •> % Unit The ABC of Ecology 111 Listen to the dialogue, (19), and complete the following sentences. Blue Whale 1. Brian’s presentation was a) very good b) fairly good c) rather poor 2. The blue whale a) has died out b) can disappear as an animal species c) is a common animal 3. Brian is interested in the ecology of the ocean because know about a) there are too many things people don’t oceans b) he likes blue whales c) the blue whale is an endangered species 4. Blue whales a) have been living on our planet for 110 years b) have lived on the Earth longer than other animals c) belong to those animal species that have very long lives 1. 2. 3. 4. 112 % Listen to the text, (ф (20), and decide which of these facts are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS) in it. 1. Ecological problems have become some of the most important now. 2. People all over the world are trying to solve this problem. 3. During the last two centuries the problem of pollution has become worse. 4. People are trying to keep their environment clean and beautiful. 5. Only big radical steps can help to protect our environment. 6. The text gives examples of only those rules that help to stop pollution. Reading • ♦ Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, (21), ['nesasri] [n'sponsabl] [pra'tekfn] [in'vaiammant] [bi'heivja] ['4а?т1ф] [weist] [sa'varv] ['haebitaet] [э'тлд] [’mfluans] [parsn] [di'skAmfat] [ik'stigkt] [рэ:1 Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, *ф (22). a) nature, unpolluted, payment, disbelieve, endanger, pollution, disagree, enjoyment, law, member, dump, protect, factory, habitat, among, movement b) between you and me, the beauties of nature, the problems of the environment, to survive in the ocean, to protect wildlife, to pollute the environment, to turn into a rubbish dump, necessary for our health, to be responsible for other people, to recycle glass, plastic and paper c) I’d like to know more about the endangered species of animals living on our planet. Air pollution damages forests. People would like to live in an unpolluted world. What is necessary to save our environment? Everyone hates dishonest behaviour. Don’t waste time, help Mother Nature now. That old film had a great influence on me. I 1 r V < * I < J I There is a great number of factories in this part of the city. By the way, I’ve taken down everything you said. No one will help us if we don’t help ourselves. Read the text and say which of the following is not mentioned in it. What'S the Mext Step? Our planet is 4,600 million years old. Let’s think of it as a person who is forty-six years old. We don’t know anything about the first seven years of this person’s life. We also have very little information about the next thirty-five years. It was only at the age of forty-two that plants began to appear. Dinosaurs and great reptiles [Veptailz] did not appear until one year ago, when the planet was forty-five. Mammals only arrived eight months ago. In the middle of last week apes became ape-like men and began to communicate with each other. Last weekend, the Ice Age covered the Earth. Modern man has only lived on this planet for about four hours. During the last hour man began to work on land — grow plants and keep domestic animals. The Industrial Revolution and the rise of large cities began just sixty seconds ago. During those sixty seconds of biological time, modern man has turned a lot of land into a rubbish dump. In one minute he has killed hundreds of species of animals. He has damaged the soil of his planet, cut down its forests. Now modern man stands looking at the damage he has done to the planet like a child stands looking at the toys he has broken. What step will he make next? 1. The age of planet Earth. 2. The period of time when there was no life on the Earth. 3. The period when life began to develop. 4. The activity of man on the Earth. 5. The positive results of people’s activity. 6. The negative results of people’s activity. No. Read the text and complete the sentences after it. ucclogicai Art Jason Taylor is a sculptor. He has made underwater sculptures which attract corals. This idea came to Jason when he was swimming in the Caribbean Sea and saw how badly 113 114 tourists damaged a coral reef. Then Jason thought about making underwater parks of sculptures to attract swimmers. “That could give the real reef time to recover,” he says. Over the past twenty years we have lost about 40% of the planet’s natural coral reefs. Scientists say we can lose 80% by the year 2050. So Jason Taylor is trying to help our planet with his underwater art. To make his sculptures he uses special eco-friendly materials, like limestone. They don’t pollute the ocean and attract sea animals — corals, lobsters, crabs, and shrimps. One of the most famous of Taylor’s underwater parks is in Mexico. There he has created a large artificial reef whose size is 420 square metres. Among its 400 sculptures there is a copy of a car. Taylor used a car for his work to show that cars pollute the air on our planet. Divers like Taylor’s underwater parks very much. Every time they visit a park, it looks a little different. “My sculptures change all the time,” says Jason. “And this is what I like best, the most wonderful part of my work. One of my sculptures has grown long hair. Some underwater plant started growing on its head and now it has long and beautiful hair.” 1. Jason Taylor began making his underwater sculptures 4. a) to attract more divers to the Caribbean Sea b) to save the Caribbean Sea from pollution c) to save the real reefs from the divers Taylor’s underwater parks are a) a kind of underwater art gallery b) a home for sea creatures c) a good place to learn to dive Taylor has created a) one big underwater park in the Gulf of Mexico b) several underwater parks c) several large underwater parks Taylor’s underwater parks a) always develop b) change from time to time c) never change 1. 2. 3. 4. Read the text and mark the sentences as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS). Lake Baikal Scientists say that Lake Baikal is the oldest lake on planet Earth. Usually lakes don’t live longer than a million years but this wonderful lake is more than 25 million years old! For scientists it is a living laboratory of evolution. Lake Baikal is also the deepest lake in the world, it is 1,637 metres deep from top to bottom. With time the lake becomes wider and deeper. There is a theory that Lake Baikal is the beginning of a new ocean. The lake holds one-fifth of the planet’s fresh water and this water is incredibly clean. Lake Baikal is one of the most beautiful places on the Earth. Everyone who has been on its shores knows how unusual and how mighty it looks. The lake is very difficult to describe: its clear waters change colours all the time. The snows of Siberia come to Lake Baikal in early October. At the end of October ice begins to appear on its surface. In winter the ice gets very thick — well over a metre. (In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War they laid a railway across the ice to carry guns to the front and the ice didn’t break under its weight.) In April the ice begins to turn into water and the lake becomes so large that sailors and fishermen here talk of “going to sea’’. The water in the lake is never warm. In summer its temperature is about +12 degrees. But a lot of people still enjoy swimming in it. They say swimming in the waters of the lake is good for their health. Lake Baikal is a living museum of water plants and animals. About 1,500 species of animals here are endemic. Endemic means that you cannot see them anywhere else in the world. The lake is rich in life. Its waters move vertically, carrying oxygen to the very bottom. The lake still keeps a lot of secrets from people. One great mystery’^ about the lake is how nerpa, the Baikal seal, appeared in the lake which is hundreds of kilometers from any ocean, and made the lake its habitat. The lake lies among beautiful mountains. The Baikal Mountains on the north shore and the taiga belong to a national park. The greatest problem here is to keep all this natural 115 beauty and protect the lake from pollution. Every year the lake attracts more and more tourists, so the task is not at all 1. 116 2. 3. D r4- 4. 5. 6. 7. how life developed on our planet. 2. The size of the lake changes with time. so people don’t swim in it. 4. The lake has a number of islands — big and small 5. The lake’s flora and fauna make it unique. 6. Some ocean animals live in the lake. national park on the shores of the lake. ж M Speak about why environmental problems have become some of the most important nowadays. Mention the possible results of; - air, water and soil pollution; - global warming; • cutting down forests; extinction of plants and animals. Speak about why we can solve ecological problems only if we work together. Mention; ’ international cooperation; » ecological societies; what everyone can do to help protect nature. Say as much as you can about protecting wildlife. Use some of the following words and phrases; extinct, endangered and protected species; plants and animals; - can’t protect themselves; - damage their natural habitat; - disappear from the face of the planet; ♦ climatic changes make the problem more serious; study the problem; * cooperate with scientists from other countries; 11 fz. t- • make necessary national and international laws; • make international agreements; • be responsible for one’s actions; - help to survive. Continue the dialogue and act it out. A: I say, is it true that you’ve just come back from India? !:. Yes, it is. It’s been a fantastic journey. Д: I betM But why India? P.' I’ve always been interested in this country and its culture. India is also a place of great natural beauty with its high mountains, mighty rivers and thick forests. Ч. And what is your greatest impression? B: It’s difficult to say. Let me think... Maybe the Jog Falls on the Sharavathi River. This place is situated among wooded mountains and it is incredibly beautiful. .Л. I’ve never heard of it. Is it a big waterfall? li. One of the largest in India. It has four cascades of water that fall across a rock wall. \ Wow! What else makes the place so special? P. It’s a home to many species of plants and animals. By the way, the place is becoming more and more popular with tourists. Do you think they will keep the place unpolluted? 117 3^ 1 How can they do it? Yes, you’re right. Complete the dialogue and act it out. Look, do you always cycle to school? I try to. (1) I know that the bicycle is the most eco-friendly transport but (2) ' I bet! — Могу себе представить! 118 13 В: It’s no problem. I just put on warm or waterproof clothes. By the way, there are countries where millions of people use bikes to get to offices, universities and schools. Л: (3) ______________ B: Holland is a very good example. The country is successfully solving the problem of air pollution. Л: (4) B: Well, we all know how badly cars and buses pollute the air. If people don’t use them, they will cut down on pollution. A: I’ll think about it. Maybe (5) Read the text and complete the story. A Diet Can Damage the Environment People in the UK think more and more about how our diet can damage the environment. Are you surprised? Do you want to know how it can happen? It’s very simple. Lots and lots of airplanes, vans and lorries bring food to our towns and cities where shops and supermarkets sell it. For example, meat may come from New Zealand, tomatoes from Spain and apples from France. This means that airplanes, vans and lorries burn fuel and pollute the air. People can try to cut down on pollution by eating more local foods. The idea is to eat 90 per cent of our diet from the country where we live. It is better for our health and for the health of our planet. This may be an example of a healthy menu for the place where I live. Breakfast: Lunch: Dinner: Tea; Щ These words belong to Albert Einstein. Comment on them. • Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. • I never think of the future — it comes soon enough. • Small is the number of people who see with their eyes and think with their minds. A. Einstein 119 Spell these words. 1. ['influans] — influence 10. ['fektri] — 2. [p3:sn] — 11. [sa'vaiv] — 3. ['nesaserij — 12. ['heebitaet] — 4. ['miKvmant] — 13. [рэ'!и;1п] — 5. ['плтЬэ] — 14. [in'c^airnant] — 6. ['stAdiJ — 15. [’nei^a] — 7. [in'vaisranmant] — 16. [n'spDnsibl] — 8. ['daemicfe] — 17. ['rnemba] — 9. [|ri:'saikl] — 18. [pra'tekfn] — Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words 1. The teacher thanked his pupils for their good behaviour during the school trip. behave 2. Nobody thought about the comfort of living in a tent. 3. The child ran to his mother for protect 4. The latest s in science of- develop ten surprise us 5. The animal turned with a quick 6. Everyone would like to live in an world with clean air and clear move pollute 120 water. 7. It was dark and the road looked danger 8. She was about her age lionest because she wanted to get that job 9. Mr Griffin is one of the most 10. Alice and Diana everything. men in his country about 11. Wild animals are happier in their habitat than in a zoo. power agree nature 12. Her story didn’t sound true, we all it. believe 13. I didn’t get any real from the game. enjoy |jp Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. Christmas is the time of (1) hoppineSS and happy (2) but it’s not a good enjoy time for everyone. Take turkeys, for example. Every year millions of turkeys end up on a dinner table. But not Lofty. Lofty is a (3) bird. He was born on luck 121 а (4) (5) farm and has spent many Britain hours there. One day it wonder was Lofty’s time to go to the market. Anyway, he wasn’t as (6) as many other turkeys: nobody knows liow but Lofty ran away! He ended up in an ani- mal rescue centre. (7) for Lofty, the people in the centre are all vegetarians, so Lofty’s future looks (8) bright. fortunate lucky fair a. ?:t Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. 1. Well, children, if you can’t do it yoUP- yourself selves, you can ask somebody to help you. 2. The British Museum in London is one of the museums in the large world. f ■ 1 3. The computer game one “Spacewar” appeared in 1962. 4. Не will help you if you him well ask 5. of few words are the best man 122 6. My friend’s hobby is collecting coins, he them for a long time. 7. Everyone wants to live and have a life. 8. I called to invite me to the skating rink. 9. It isn’t a new backpack, I it since last year. 10. They say that Scotland has the number of people with red hair in the man collect long good my homework when my cousin do have high world. Ш Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. Ants (1) have been on planet Earth for more than 140 (2) (3) years than dinosaurs. All ants be million long live in colonies but there are surprising differences in their way of life and their hab- its. One of the (4) kinds interesting of ants is the “army ant”. These ants go 3^ 4 4 4 4 out in armies of many (5) thousand They kill and eat anything in their way: insects, snakes, lizards, birds... Now you may ask, “How can a little insect like the ant kill and eat everything in its way?” Well, there are so many of (6) , and if the creature (7) away, the army ants (8) it. careful! (10) tack any living creature ants will at- and yes, that (11) you too! 123 they not run kill even if it’s a crocodile. Some army ants make black ants work for them just like slaves. If you ever (9) a colony of army ants, be meet this mean гач Match the words with their descriptions. 1. extinct 2. habitat 3. waste 4. pollute 5. survive 6. dump 7. endanger 8. environment 9. protect 10. nature a) stay alive, not to die b) make dirty c) put in danger d) the natural home of an animal or plant e) the conditions in which a person or an animal lives f) no longer living g) the physical world around us h) throw away rubbish i) useless material j) defend from danger, keep safe 1. f 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 21 Use the prefixes dis- or un- to make new words. Write what the new words mean. 1. believe 2. common 124 3. usual — 4. like — 5. agree — 6. polluted 7. appear - 8. honest - 9. healthy 10. comfort 11. natural 12. happy - 13. please - 14. real — disbelieve (не верить) uncommon (необычный) Complete the sentences with the words from the box. necessary, members, influences, payment, responsible, nowadays, law, study, saved, recycle, damaged, poured 1. Nowadays some countries close their nuclear power stations, because they think that such stations are not safe. 2. People have learned to waste paper and use it again. 3. The house was on fire but he pictures. 4. Nearly all the the of the club took part in the dance competition. 5. In every country the po- lice keep and order. 6. The newspapers write that last night the fire several buildings. 7. Is it to liave a visa to go to this country? 8. The weather often us: we usually feel bet- ter when the sun is shining and the sky is cloudless. 9. We’ll make one person for buying the food. 10. She the milk into a bowl and left the bowl at the door. 11. Give yourself time to the problem carefully. 12. He gave me this book in for my help. S Complete the sentences with the right prepositions where necessary. 1. We had a number of ideas about how to spend our holidays. 2. My parents’ words always had a great influence me. 3. It’s really necessary her to spend more time with her friends. 4. It’s very bad that some fac- tories pollute hot water be a waste the environment. 5. Please pour some my mug. 6. To stay here any longer will - time. 7. When I first read the book, it didn’t influence me at all. 8. Jack is a member forest planet our ecological society. 9. The house stood in the the green trees. 10. How can we save our danger? 11. We are all responsible the work we are doing. 12. I’ll tell you the truth but it must be you and me. 13. In this street there are two food shops and a cinema my way again; it happens between. 14. I’ve lost me every time I come to 125 a new place. 24 Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete these sentences. 126 A. 1, We agreed to meet (among/between) between 2 o’clock and 2:30. 2. She divided the work (among/be- tween) all the pupils in the class. 3. The twins di- vided the chocolate (among/between) them 4. I want to tell you something but it’s (among/between) you and me. 5. The house stood (among/between) the trees in the middle of the little grove. 8. 1. I quickly took (in/down) her name and ad- dress. 2. That day I felt unwell and couldn’t take (in/down) (off/up) up) what the teacher was saying. 3. The plane took for Rome at 9:30. 4. He has taken (off/ (down/off) the piano. 5. It’s good manners to take your hat when you enter a house. 6. There are a number of simple rules that I hope you’ll take (up/in) . 7. My brother took (up/in) painting only a year ago but he can already paint very well. Complete this table of pronouns. I you he she it we you they vourself him it ourselves 26 Write what they are doing. 127 •=- • % 6 1. The girl is looking at herself In the mirror. 2. 3. 6. Complete the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronouns. 1. The English themSelveS don’t always speak English very well. 2. Helen, dear, have you made this wonderful cake all by didn’t. 4. I ? 3. John’s friends came, but John can’t tell you, but my father will 5. Did Mary answer this difficult question 6. My friend’s kitten likes to look at in the mirror. 7. Well, children, there’s a lot of rubbish around 128 the school building, prepare for hard work. 8. Our parents were ready to help us, but we decided to do everything you’ll enjoy . 9. The film is brilliant, I’m sure , girls. 10. I’m leaving you for just one minute, George. T hope you will behave 11. This time the boys made a fire and put up the tent all by . 12. We didn’t take part in the match, we just watched it Complete the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronouns where necessary. 1. There are many tasty things on the table. Help your-SelfM 2. Children should know how to behave in public. 3. Did you and your friends enjoy at the picnic yesterday? 4. My little brother likes to hide somewhere in the house and ask us to find him, it’s his favourite game. 5. Don’t ask me, I have no idea about it . 6. The girls bought beautiful scarves and were very happy. 7. How is your head? How are you feeling 8. You’ll get a nice present if you behave now? 9. Dress quickly, we must leave the house in ten minutes not to be late. 10. It was very pleasant to bathe in the river on a hot summer day. 11. My brother made the model of the ship ' Help yourself! — Угощайся! 30 with his own hands. 12. Young children shouldn’t live by -------------, somebody must look after them. 13. Every morning I make tea for my parents and Use few, a few, little, a little to complete the sentences. 1. There are few people who know the truth about those events. 2. I’m sorry to say there’s we can do to help him now. 3. I have books that you may bor- row, they will help you with your project. 4. Is there any soup left? very Yes, . 5. He lives on his own and friends visit him nowadays. 6. We hope our team will win: there are really good players in it. 7. It’s a very difficult question, may I think 8. I’m afraid, we have dition. 9. May I have information about the expe-hot water to make a cup of tea, please? 10. I have nothing to say, but I have questions I’d like to ask. 11. There’s bottle, you may have it if you w'ant. 12. milk in the of you are old enough to travel on your own. Ask your parent to accompany you. Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences. 1. Jack b money for a long time; he new bike. a) has saved b) has been saving enough to buy a 2. The Smiths the farm since the 1950s 129 a) have owned b) have been owning I 130 3. Margo since she was a little girl. Nowadays she does it professionally. a) has sung b) has been singing 4. Don to become an ecologist and protect nature. a) has always wanted b) has always been wanting 5. We Russian for many years but we often find the spelling of some Russian words difficult, a) have learned b) have been learning 6. Becky pets, now she has a number of them a) has always loved b) has always been loving 7. Come and have tea with us, I a cup for you. a) have poured b) have been pouring 8. People about the problem of pollution for more than a hundred years. a) have known b) have been knowing 9. A number of good books a great influence on me 31 a) have had b) have been having 10. The flat looks so nice. ? a) Have you cleaned b) Have you been cleaning Use present perfect or present perfect progressive of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. 1. They (be) have been friends for many years and are very devoted to each other. 2. We (not play) this game for a long time, I don’t remember its rules well. 3. What are yon laughing at? What (I say) 4. Jane looks tired, I think she (work) in the garden. 5. This author (write) children’s books for many years, a lot of people know and read them. 6. What (influence) come an engineer? your decision to be- 7. Scientists at home and abroad (study) the problems of ecology for many years now. 8. The family (live) ter the war. at the seaside since af- 9. I (know) together. Peter since we went to school 10. A number of old trees are lying on the ground. It’s clear that a very strong wind (blow)____________________ 11. The young people (not meet) years and are happy to see each other again. 12. She’d like to travel about Russia. She (have) this idea since she first saw Lake Baikal for two 131 32 Read the text and write 6 questions you could ask about the giant flower. The largest flower in the world is Rafflesia. It can be 1 metre wide and weighs 10 kilograms! But it smells very unpleasant. 1. What does this flower smell like? 2. 3. 132 4. C 5. D 6. 7. 33 Your friend wants to be an ecologist. Write questions you want to ask him/her. You want to know: 1. what influenced his/her decision; 2. if his/her parents think it’s a good idea; 3. what ecological problems he/she wants to study; 4. how long he/she has been interested in these problems; 5. if he/she will go to university to become an ecologist; 6. if it is necessary for an ecologist to know one or more than one foreign languages; 7. where he/she is going to work; 8. why this profession is important nowadays. 1. What influenced your decision? 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 34 You've got an e-mail from your British pen friend. Read it and write an answer. Don't forget to ask your friend some questions. ■- ^ r' ejis-. ,w -* ■ a. Hi! It’s been a long time since I wrote to you. Sorry. In fact, I’ve been away on a school trip to one of the national parks. We stayed there three days sleeping in guest houses and walking about a lot. I’ve always been interested in wildlife so I quite enjoyed myself. I can say that I saw a number of interesting animals and learned some important things. A 133 Use the names of the animals from the box to complete the sentences. red kangaroos, sailfish, pumas and leopards, sea snakes, sciuirrel monkeys, mountain goats, gibbons I * Ш 1. Sea snakes can dive 100 metres deep and stay under, water for up to 5 hours. Some of them can swim at the rate of 1 metre per second. 2. can jump 134 5.5 metres up into a tree. 3. can jump over obstacles as high as 3 metres. Using their powerful hind legs, they can travel as far as 9 metres in one huge leap. 4. can swim faster than a cheetah can run. Its top speed is 109 kilometres per hour. 5. sometimes leap straight into the air from the tree tops to catch insects. These leaps may be up to 60 metres. 6. can climb incredibly steep slopes, jump from rock to rock and leap across dangerous ravines. 7 are fairly large animals but 36 they are extremely acrobatic. They can move through the trees faster than a man can w'alk on the ground. They can also walk along small branches high up in the air. Here are three computer jokes mixed up. Put the lines (a—f) in the appropriate order. a) It left its Windows open. b) Data. c) Made a website. d) Why was the computer cold? e) What does a baby computer call its father? f) What did the spider do on the computer? Joke 1 Joke 2 Joke 3 1. 2. I m I Unit Living Healthy I Listening 135 Listen to the text "A Sweet Tooth’", (23), and choose the right item (a, b, c) to complete the sentences. 1. The British a) are a nation with a sweet tooth b) were fond of chocolate already in the 15th century c) built factories to make chocolate in Australia 2. Chocolate came to Britain from a) Italy b) Central America c) Australia 3. Drinking chocolate appeared in Birmingham in a) 1831 b) 1878 c) 1881 4. People in Britain eat more chocolate a) at Christmas than at Easter b) at Easter than at Christmas c) at Christmas and Easter than at any other time 1. 2. 3. 4. ’ a sweet tooth — с.падкоежка Listen to the dialogue, (24), and complete the sentences. 136 1. Betty stopped eating meat because 2. Betty does not eat dairy products' such as 3. Betty says she eats lots of things, for example. 4. Betty is sure that to be a vegetarian is 5. Betty thinks in Britain today ' dairy ['dearij products — молочные продукты Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ^ (25). [lei]0] [au'birs] [medsn] Ipeiint] [pn'skreub] [ha:mflj ['iaulda] [0raot] I'hedeik] [п'клуэ] ['lareik] I'Drlmaust] ['stAmak] ['swolao] [kjua] Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (26). a) weakness, quickly, weigh, cough, enough, lung, sneeze, ankle, painful, knee, weight, freshness, stomach, hardly, wrist b) a sore throat, a heart attack, to prescribe a medicine, to catch a cold, to do somebody harm, junk food, to come down with a cold, a medicine for a weak heart, to recover from earache c) Has the doctor prescribed you anything for your earache? It really hurts me to swallow. Jack is recovering from a bad cold. Fast food can do a lot of harm to your health. They took Anna with stomachache. We hope you’ll recover soon. If you have toothache, go to your dentist. Jill tries to control her weight. Take this medicine for your cough. What can cure him of this disease? 137 -f). There is Read the texts (1—5) and match them with the titles (a one title you don't have to use. a) The Food from Abroad b) The First Meal of the Day c) Fast Food in Britain d) Very Popular British Food e) Typical Food at Different Times of the Day f) Places to Have Meals 1. Some people like “to go to work on an egg” — they eat an egg for breakfast before going to work. But many more breakfast on cornflakes — while others have toast with butter and marmalade. And, whatever they eat, most people drink tea or coffee. 2. And where do people eat their food when they are at home? Breakfast is usually a quick meal, eaten in the kitchen. They may eat dinner in the kitchen, in the dining room or the living room, often in front of the television. The British often have lunch at school or work. 138 5 Some people have their biggest meal in the middle of the day, some have it in the evening. The traditional meal is meat and two vegetables. The most popular meats are chicken, beef (from a cow), pork (from a pig) and lamb (from a young sheep). Vegetables grown in Britain, like potatoes, carrots, peas, and cabbage are very popular, but today you can buy vegetables from many countries all through the year. Traditional British meals are sausages, beans' and mashed potato^, stew (meat cooked with lots of vegetables), and the Sunday roast. Potatoes first came from South America. Farmers in Peru grew them from the 13th century on, and then the Spanish brought them to Europe in the mid-16th century. In the 17th century potatoes appeared in Britain. Potatoes are one of the most important foods in the British diet and today the British grow six million tons of potatoes every year. Some potatoes have red skins, some white. Sometimes people eat them with the skin, sometimes without. There are many different ways of cooking them. Ice cream appeared in the country in the 1920s. People sold it from bicycles in the streets. Ice cream sellers shouted, “Stop me and buy one!” They rode around the streets playing music, people ran out and bought some ice cream. Nowadays ice cream has become very popular. People often eat it in cinemas and theatres in summer and in winter as a snack or as a dessert after the main dish, for example with a piece of hot apple pie. i3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Extra Read the text and complete the sentences after it. Fast Food “Today’s newspaper is tomorrow’s fish and chips wrapper^,” people said it in the second half of the nineteenth century. Why? Because many years ago sellers packed fish and chips in newspaper to keep them warm. This does not happen any more, for health rea- I Й 3 a bean [bi:n] — боб mashed potato [,maejt рэ teit^u] — карто<1>ельное пюре a wrapper ['гаерэ] — обёрточная бумага sons, but fish and chips is still Britain’s most favourite fast food. Fish and chips appeared in the streets of London and other cities in the 1850s, and the first shops to sell them — in the 1860s. The most popular kind of fish is cod* but other kinds of white fish are also possible. They cook fish in hot fat^ and eat it with chips on which people put salt or tomato sauce. Some people eat bread and butter with their fish and chips. Fish and chips is very popular with holidaymakers at the seaside, even if the weather is so cold that they have to eat them sitting in their cars! Sometimes people choose fish and chips at the weekend as a change from cooking at home. A favourite snack (quick food between meals) in Britain is the baked potato, or “potato in its jacket’’, which is a potato cooked with the skin left on it.“Potatoes in the jackets” have butter, cheese or beans on top. You can buy many other kinds of hot fast food today, for example burgers'* and fried chicken from the USA, pizza from Italy, and kebabs [ki'basbz] from the Middle East. You may choose either to “eat in” or “take away”. Sandwiches (either bought or home-made) make a quick lunch and are also very popular. It is easy to take them to school or work. The word “sandwich” comes from a man John Montagu ['montagju:]. He was the fourth EarP of Sandwich and lived in the eighteenth century in the English town of Sandwich. He liked to play games at the table for a long time without stopping for a meal. So his cook put some beef^ between two pieces of bread — and made the first sandwich. 139 i Ф 1 2 3 4 5 cod [kod] — треска fat [fset] — жир a burger [Ъз:дэ] — бургер an earl [з:1] — граф beef [bi:f] — говядина 140 1. The British do not sell fish and chips in newspaper any more because_________ a) it can’t keep them warm for long b) it is not a fashionable kind of wrapper c) it сгт be dangerous for people 2. Fish and chips appeared first_________ a) in London and then in other cities of Britain b) in some cities of Britain and then in its capital c) in British cities in the middle of the 19th century 3. Fish and chips is___________ a) as popular with the British as “potato in its jacket” b) more popular with the British than “potato in its jacket” c) less popular with the British than “potato in its jacket” 4. invented sandwiches in the 18th century. a) John Montagu, the fourth Earl of Sandwich b) John Montagu’s cook c) The people of the English town of Sandwich 1. 2. 3. 4. Read the text and complete it with the following phrases (a—g). a) gas and electricity came into people’s houses b) harder to find and usually expensive c) for example some sugars and fats d) an island between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean e) in Britain in the middle of the 20th century f) from the eleventh to the fifteenth century g) can buy everything under one roof Changes in Diet and in Shopping Britain is (1) . For those who live near the sea, fish and shellfish have always been important. Before people had fridges to keep food cold and fresh, they started to keep fish from going bad by salting, drying or smoking it. One thing which has changed is the way some people think about some foods. For example, shellfish* like oysters were shellfish ['lel,fij] — мш1лкх;к fairly cheap and quite ordinary. They were popular with poor people because anyone could go to a beach and pick They have them up, for free. Today they are (2)__________________ become special. In older days those who lived away from the sea first ate wild animals, but then they began keeping sheep, cows and chickens on farms. Farmers grew fruit and vegetables. During the Middle Ages, (3) , ships brought sugar, nuts and things from far away. When sailors went to foreign places, they brought back more kinds of food. At first only rich people could buy the things brought from overseas, but slowly they became cheaper and easier to find. When (4) cooking became much easier. Thanks to fridges and freezers people could keep food much longer. The diet of many British people is quite different to that of their parents. Today we eat bananas and oranges and can buy them all the year round but it was very difficult to find them (5) . Nowadays we have many more foods to choose from and new ways to cook them, like microwave ovens. But we have less time for shopping and cooking. These days we drive to supermarkets where we (6) Some forty years ago people walked to their nearest shops almost every day. They went to the baker’s for bread, to the butcher’s for meat, to the greengrocer’s for fruit and vegetables and so on. We also know more about health and the body today. Children grow up learning that some foods are good for us while others, (7) , are bad. Some people have tries to change their diet to eat healthier food and most shopping centres have health food shops which sell lots of different natural foods. Some people, called vegetarians choose not to eat meat at all. 141 1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 142 ж Speak about the things that can help people to live healthy. Use the following word combinations. to be physically active to take a lot of exercise to do morning exercises to join a sports club to go to the swimming pool to go to the gym regularly to spend much time outdoors • to sleep enough time • not to watch television a lot • not to spend hours before the computer • to keep to a healthy diet • to say no to harmful habits % 10 Say what it means to lead a healthy life. Mention the following • healthy lifestyle; • healthy eating habits; • appropriate time to spend on work and relaxation; • no to harmful ways. Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act it out. At the Doctor's Doctor: Well, what seems to be the problem? Rob: (1) I think I have a sore throat, doctor. Doctor: So, it hurts to swallow, doesn’t it? Rob: (2) _______________ I practically can’t eat. Do< tor: Open your mouth wide. I would like (3) . Well, it’s rather red. Rob. (4) , doctor? Doctor: I don’t think it’s very serious. But you’ve got a cold. Do you have a headache? Kob: (5) Doctor: Then let’s take your temperature (Some minutes later) Rob: (6) , doctor. , doctor? Doctor: Not very high. But you should stay in bed for two or three days. 143 11 Rob: (7) ? Doctor: Certainly. I will prescribe some medicine for your sore throat and the temperature. Kob: (8) Comment on these proverbs and sayings. • Health Is better than wealth. • To wish well is a part of becoming well. (SenecaV . A sound mind In a sound body. (Juvenal)^ , doctor. Juvenal Seneca ^ Seneca Луций Анней Сенека (Сенека младший, или просто Сенека) римский философ-стоик, поэт, государственный деятель ^ Juvenal — Децим Юний Ювенал — римский поэт-сатирик f Use of English 144 12 Spell the words. 1. [weit] — weight 2. [ig'zsemin] — 9. [kof] — 10. [ristj 3. ['kvvikli] — 4. [au'bi:s] — 5. [iWf] — _ 6. ['stAmak] — 7. [‘JaoldaJ — 8. [Oraut] — 11. [ni:] — . 12. [pri'skraib] — 13. ['lareik] — 14. [sni:z] — 15. [meclsnj — _ 16. [heie] — 13 Use the new words from the box to complete the sentences. ankle, pain, cure, heart, meal, prescribe, swallow, sneezing, habit, coughing, toothache, weight, wrist 1. Do you usually eat at home or go out for a Жеа1 in the evening? 2. I think you should give up your harmful s. 3. Doctor, can you something for my pain in the left side? 4. How long have you been like that? And how long have you been smok- ing? 5. When you have a , you should go and see a dentist. 6. I have had a cold since Monday. Can you ______________ me of it, doctor? 7. I am coming down with a cold. I am coughing and , and I think I am running a high temperature. 8. Lily is too thin. In my view, she shoidd put on throat. She says it hurts her to . 9. Betsy has a sore . 10. Brenda has a weak . Yesterday she had a strong in it and they took her to hospital. 11. Rus- sian-speaking people never say they wear watches on their . 12. I fell and have twisted* my left 145 ! Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sen tences. for, of, in, with, by, to, from, up, on, off, down Larry is slowly recovering from his bad cold 2. Well, what’s iiig drugs are dangerous the menu? 3. Smoking and tak- people’s health. 4. The weight the box was about three pounds, less than one kilogram and a half. 5. Rebecca has been studying medicine pain scribed four years. 6. Phil says he has a strong his right side. 7. I would like to cure you your bad cough. First of all you should give smoking. 8. What medicine has the doctor pre-your sore throat? 9. I am not sure I like Paul very much. He always walks the air. 10. Chris is taking this medicine his nose his ear- ache. 11. Don’t eat too much pizza. You will put weight. the way, pizza is low 12. Our football team brought the opponents knees. 13. Little Rick is really a pain vitamins. their the neck. ' to twist — вывихнуть 14. Some pupils stay all night before their exams. which is a harmful habit their health. 15. Doctors usually recommend their patients to stay fat food 146 15 16. Pete is coming a cold. Look at the pictures and write what their health problems are. Nick Diana a m Ell I e Mike 1. Nick is running a temperature. 2. Diana 3. Ed 4. Ellie 5. Simon 6. Sam 7. Pat 8. Mike 9. Robin S1 rn о n Robin liA* Use the suffixes -ness, -th, -ful, -less, -tion, -ing, -ly and prefixes un-, re- to form new words. Write their Russian equivalents. 1. white — whiteness 4. feel 2. dark 5. meet 3. bright 6. begin 7. love — 18. tree — 8. kind — 19. demonstrate 9. shape — 20. dictate — 10. wide — 21. illustrate — 11. grow — 22. read — 12. strong — 23. write — 13. beauty — 24. place — 14. care — 25. friendly — 15. power — 26. smiling — 16. penny — 27. healthy — 17. child — 147 Choose one of the new words from exercise 16 and write 9 sentences of your own. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. i.-. Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right. 1. Sid never does anything the way he should do. What a broinleSS creature he is. brain 2. People should get rid^ of their habits. harm 148 3. The was not easy but now the patient is recovering. 4. It is to eat so much sugar, 5. John is a student of a col- operate danger medicine lege. 6. Lucy’s but it is very is not very serious 7. The of the football field is ill pleasant long 110 metres. 8. The atmosphere was We could see faces everywhere 9. Doctors have little nice and _ about real please, smile inform this disease. 10. The air in the room was smoke not fresh at all. 19 Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text. Keeping Fit A healthier and happier lifestyle is within reach of everyone. You (1) SifTiply simple to get rid — избавиться follow should sensible* and easy rules. To enjoy a high level of (2) it is important to well eat adequate food, have enough rest and (3) Every (4) person relax health needs to do morning exercises and (5) (6) exercise to keep regular fit. Then you will improve physical the work of your lungs, heart and blood (7) . (8) speak- circulate. ing, aerobic exercises may give you very general good results. Rewrite the sentences using the phrases from the box . a real pain in the neck, has got a heart of gold, have her finger in every pie, walks with his nose in the air, a good head on his shoulders, eyes bigger than his stomach, to bring the country to its knees 1. She will do anything for anyone. She is extremely kind and helpful. — She hos got Q heart of gold. 2. My little sister won’t leave me alone. She is really a big problem. — 3. John is full of self-importance. He is absolutely sure that he is better than other people. — 4. When my little cousin comes to me, he always says he will eat everything that he can see on the table. — 149 * sensible ['sensabl] — разумный 5. The enemy tried to defeat the country. 150 6. Adam is a very bright pupil. — 7. Brenda wants to take part in all school projects and activities. — SI Rewrite the sentences using the word enough. 1. I have read some parts of the report to get the idea of what it is about. — I have read enough (parts) of the report to get the idea of what it is about. 2. His appetite is good. He is recovering. — 3. You have had junk food. — 4. There isn’t any time for us to try everything on the menu. 5. Brian didn’t move quickly and fell down 6. Do you think I’ve made as many sandwiches as we need? — 7. The task was easy. It took me just a quarter of an hour to do it. — 8. Three days later Bridget felt well. She understood she could leave hospital. — 9. I didn’t have so much time because I had to finish the project. 10. Bruce spoke loudly for everybody to hear his words. 151 22 Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word what. 1. How healthy the teenager is! — What a healthy teenager! 2. How harmful your habits are! — 3. How quick the worker is! — 4. How hard these jobs are! — 5. How bitter’ the medicine is! — 6. How long our meals are! 7. How boring the meeting was! — 8. How dangerous the operation is! — Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word how. 1. What a clever answer it is! swer is! 2. What slow runners they are! 3. What a quick meal it was! Нои/ clever the an- 4. What a long recovery it was! — 5. What a bad cough you are having! - 6. What fine weather we are having! - 7. What a powerful river the Volga is! 8. What tasty dessert we had! — ' bitter ['bita] — горький 152 т Use the phrases from your Social English to develop the situations. 1. The lecture is not interesting, the speaker is very slow. — How boring the lecture is! What a boring lecture! 2. Your relative has broken his arm. 3. Your neighbour had a heart at- tack and died. 4. Your friend left her handbag on a bench in the park. 5. Last Tuesday was terrible. You lost your pocket money, missed^ the school bus and forgot to take your daybook with you. — 6. Your best friend is going to Greece for a holiday. 7. Your aunt has been to a very enjoyable show. 8. Unexpectedly your school team has won the football final. — ‘ to miss — зд.: опоздать Find the odd word out in each line and write them down. 1. painful, ache, sore, painless ache 2. obese, slim, stout, fat 3. almost, nearly, practically, hardly 4. heart, cough, lungs, throat 5. swallow, sneeze, cough, pain 6. habit, harm, hurt, ache m Write three forms of these verbs. 153 M 1. осматривать 2. терять 3. выбирать 4. платить 5. весить 6. болеть 7. расти 8. говорить 9. вести машину 10. обучать 11. приносить 12. сказать 13. вылечить 14. летать examine examined examined 15. течь 16. понимать 154 27 Write questions to ask your friend(s) about their health. You want to know: 1. if they have ever had a sore throat Have you ever had a sore throat? 2. how long they have been going to this school 3. when they visited their dentist last 4. if they eat fast food 5. what they were doing at school after classes yesterday 6. what the doctor prescribed for their cough when he/she was ill 7. how much he/she weighs 8. how long it usually takes him/her to recover from a cold 9. what they have been doing since morning j.j Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences. 1. It is raining (hard/hardly) hard. 2. Never give (up/ away) hope. 3. My cousin (took/stayed) up gardening when she was fifteen. 4. The young man (made/ A took) off with my mobile. 5. The film was very in- teresting and I (gave/stayed) morning. 6. I can’t (give/make ) _ up till 2 a.m. in the out what she is trying to explain. 7. Haven’t you finished the job (yet/still) ? 8. The damage to Emma’s health was (such/so) big! 9. The (sick/ill) 10. Every winter she (cornes/gets) cold. 11. Ellie has been cleaning the flat for two hours and boy lay on the sofa. _____down with the she is (yet/still) busy. 12. After the operation the patient could (hard/hardly) to (weigh/weight ) move. 13. Don’t forget your bags at the airport. Ш Choose the right forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. 155 1. My sister and me (think/thinks) tJhink that daily^ exer- cise (is/are) very important for people 2. The number of obese people in America (is/are) growing. 3. Mary (will play/play) the piano at the party. 4. How long have your parents (had/been having) tened/were listening) this farm? 5. We (lis-to the piano pieces by Bach at that time yesterday. 6. Jenny is very tired. She (has washed/has been washing) 7. I (know/have known) 8. We always (wanted/have wanted) since noon. Peter all my life. to * daily ['deili] — ежедневный come to London. And now we (came/have come) here! 9. Greg (has not bought/has not 156 been buying) Emma (will come/comes) discuss) any vegetables yet. 10. When , we (will discuss/ all the details. 11. Mum, the doc- tor (has not come/did not come) yet. 12. Anna (has been/is) a member of this club for several years. 3 Use the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the story. In the Land of f^orway Long ago the land of Norway was a Viking* land. The Vikings (be) (1) were strong brave people. Olaf the Strong was a Viking. He (have) (2) a son Sigurd. The father (teach) (3) the son to swim and ride horses. At the age of three Sigurd could swim, at the age / J of five he (learn) (4) Olaf (feel) (5) to ride, proud of his son. Sigurd’s mother was a wonderful sto- ryteller (6) and she often (tell) her children interesting tales about the birds and animals of their ‘ a Viking — викинг f I land. Sometimes Sigurd’s father (speak) (7) to the children before they (go) (8) to bed in the evening. The children (sit) (9) on the benches and (listen) (10) about their father’s travels to strange lands. The lands (have) (11) such wonderful 157 names... 31 Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the letter. Dear Rachel, I (1) am writing to you to say that the write things (2) the doctor (3) a bit better. Yesterday get and (4) come that he (5) say. my cough. He prescribed some medicine for not like it and (6) milk with honey Rachel, I (7) me to drink hot tell this doctor all i know my life, I think. He is absolutely sure that the (8) thing for any dis- good ease is milk and honey. I hate drinking hot milk, and I (9) it. I (10) not do in bed since Tuesday, practically lie unable to do anything. I never (11) like this before. I don’t know what be (12) to me, but I hope the happen medicine (13) me and soon help I (14) Write when you (15) the recover have 158 time. Love, Alice V. Wirltiiig Write 8—10 questions the doctors usually ask when they visit sick people. Write 8—10 sentences about what people should do to live longer lives. Г-Ж 2 See if you know the right answer.’ 1. Of all the bones in the human body, where is the smallest? a) wrist b) ear c) ankle d) lips 2. Who invented the thermometer? a) Galileo b) Faraday c) Edison d) Copernik 3. How many bones are there in the human body? a) 106 b) 206 c) 306 d) none of the above 4. Which specialist is a children’s doctor? a) neurologist b) radiologist c) dermatologist d) pediatrician 5. Which of these diseases doesn’t start because of a virus? a) a common cold c) poliomyelitis b) hepatitis d) malaria The right answers are: 1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. d. Here are two jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order. a) “Well, every time mother talks about the wedding father says: “Poor man.” b) “Why?” c) {returning)’. “She said to tell you it was none of your business.” d) “Is the man your sister is going to marry rich?” e) “Jimmy, run over and see how old Mrs Smith is this morning?” ' See the answers on page 159. 159 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. Л. имс’толическнн ж ишсьсва. И. R. Михссви, К. М. Баршшвд Ш1 язык шасьева, Н. В. Мкхе«ци. К. М. Бя|>анова m'l я.шн ишгьсвв. и. В. Михссви, К. М. Бараипва ин язык нагьсвд. И. В. Михеева. К. М. Барлмоол нй Я.1МК ласьсва. И. В. Михеева. К. М. Баранова выпускаются рлбочлн лр(>гр:1мм УЧ(/|1И1К |У1Ли*ШЯ Ti'tywib A.tp М1ИГа1Л1И yMimviti д1Ш1ЮСТ1П(еск11с prtfinmj H'Ki4HU> 1|1ЙМ1«ПИ практкум lUI и ЛуЛИ(Н1|Чи10Ж1'Ш1