Учебник Английский язык 5 класс Баранова Дули Копылова

.v p 0 ancient city volcano, busy, narrow street, full of, forum, temple, public baths, running water, eruption, destroy, bury, ash Pompeii was an ancient Roman city near Naples and Mt Vesuvius, a volcano in Italy. It was a busy city and its narrow streets were often f]^i of people. In the centre of the city there was a large marketplace and a forum. There was a large amphitheatre and two smaller theatres where people watched performances. There were also temples and public baths and many buildings had running water. The town had bakers', restaurants and even a hotel. Unfortunately, it wasn't a very lucky city and in 79 AD the eruption of Mt Vesuvius destroyed it and buried it under ash. 5' It Vi v: T'-. - 1 : 5/ Ill ______* ■ - ^ --jj' ■ ^ •JVocabulary Bank 5 p. VB22 - JNT И V. & -4 1, * > ^iS' ' A н b Ancient Civilisations 2 j played board games /f J / !1 I Ancient Egyptians Ancient Egyptians lived along the banks of the River Nile in northeast Africa. Pharaohs ruled this great and powerful empire for more than 2,500 years. The ancient Egyptians lived in houses made of mud bricks, but they also built houses and gigantic pyramids from stone. They worked as farmers and artists. They hunted for animals and went fishing on the River Nile. They also had boats and transported food and other goods along the river. In their free time they played music or board games. Only wealthy boys could attend school. They studied hieroglyphics*. Ancient Egypt had a great civilisation which many people still study and admire today. * ancient Egyptian writing 10 attended school lived in houses made of mud bricks Listening & Reading ^ Q Listen and say. Say the phrases (1-10) in your language. 2 1 2 3 4 The pictures show the lifestyle of the ancient Egyptians. Which sentences below are true about them? О Listen and read the text to find out. They were farmers. ...... They fished on the River Nile.......... They played football. ...... Only boys attended school. ............ - see \ Oram mar p- gr? / 4 Could (past simple of can) 3 a) Read the table. Find examples in the text. b) Use the text to complete the sentences with had, didn't have, could or couldn't. 1 Ancient Egyptians could build huge pyramids. 2 They..............boats. 3 They...........transport things by boat. 4 They..............blocks of flats. 5 They.............travel by plane. 6 They...............cars. Listening О Listen and tick (/) what the ancient Romans could do. Write complete sentences. 1 play football 2 swim 3 read 4 write 5 play the piano 6 ride bikes AFFIRMATIVE l/You/He, etc. could walk at the age of five. INTERROGATIVE Could l/you/he, etc. write at the age of five f NEGATIVE l/You/He, etc. couldn't talk at the age of two. SHORT ANSWERS Yes, l/you/he, etc. could. No, l/you/he, etc. couldn't. The ancient Romans could play football. 82 5 What about you? Use the verbs in Ex. 4 to ask and answer questions. A: Could you play football at the age of six? B: Yes, I could./No, I couldn't. see • Past simple^- (regular/irregular verbs) g a) Read the table. How do we form the affirmative/negative of the past simple? AFFIRMATIVE l/You/He, etc. played tennis/swam yesterday. NEGATIVE l/You/He, etc. didn't play tennis/didn't swim yesterday. INTERROGATIVE Did l/you/he, etc. play tennis/swim yesterday? SHORT ANSWERS Yes, l/you/he, etc. did./No, l/you/he, etc. didn't. We use the past simple for actions which happened at a certain time in the past. He phoned his friend last Monday. Irregular verbs have irregular past forms. See list at the back of the book. Time expressions: last week/month/year, etc., a week/two days ago, yesterday afternoon/evening, etc. b) Read the theory box. Find examples in the text. t Spelling rules verb + -ed start - started verb ending in e + -d -♦ dance-danced verb ending in consonant + -Y+ -ied -+ carry - carried verb ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants double the last consonant + -ed ♦ travel - travelled Pronunciation:/{/, /6/, /id/ c) Now write the past simple forms of the verbs below. О Listen and tick (/) the correct boxes. Listen again and repeat. 1 arrive - 2 exist- 3 play - ... 4 design - 5 ask - .... 6 hurry - . 7 want- . 8 stop - ... 9 travel -. 10 discover- 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 8 Use the past forms the verbs work, live, discover, travel, design play to complete the sentences. The Vikings...................in Scandinavia. They......................as traders. They..................to England in the 8th century. They...............ships to sail fast. у Erik the Greenland They............games, music and sports, b) Correct the sentences. The Vikings lived in Africa. No. The Vikings didn't live in Africa. They lived in Scandinavia. They worked as sailors....................... They designed aeroplanes..................... Eric the Red discovered China in 981 AD...... a) Read the table. How do we form the interrogative form of the past simple? b) Use the phrases to ask and answer questions about the ancient Egyptians. • live on boats? • work as farmers? • fish on the river? • sail boats? • play music? • play football? • girls attend school? A: Did they live on boats ? B: No, they didn't. Speaking 0 Use the pictures on p. 82 to tell your partner about the ancient Egyptians. The ancient Egyptians lived along the banks of the... Collect information about the Aztecs. Write six T/F sentences about them. Exchange your sentences with another group. You can do some research on the Internet using these key words: the Aztecs. )►] Vocabulary Bank S p. VB23 Ex. 2 } 83 н Culture Corner П 4 .frjF/i MUSIC & DANCE Music was very imporlant to teenagers in the 1960s. They were crazy about music and they listened to their favourite rock and roll bands, like The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, on the new radio station, BBC Radio 1. Young people also enjoyed dancing in the ‘60s. They wore the latest fashions at the dance halls and danced all night long. FASHION The 1960s fashion fads were cheap and colourful. Teenagers made their own clothes. Girls wore short mini skirts and tall boots. A lot of people were shocked when long hair became fashionable for boys. The colourful, floral prints of the ‘hippy’ style were also popular. FILMS & TELEVISION Spy films and TV shows, like James Bond and The Avengei's, were big hits in the cinema and on TV Most people had a television at home in the ’60s. Programmes like Top of tlie , , , , , crazy about, band, radio Pops, which showed live pop music, ,3,55^ fashion. were the craze. In 1969, families all dance hall, fad, shocked, over the UK watched Neil Armstrong fashionable, floral print, walk on the moon! I'iPPy P°P“'^P “g hit, craze, moon _ •» ^ I I i г, - M , ^Vj'i 7 • t. -yv. ггь ___»^ ii r :■ ^ What do the pictures tell us about life in the 1960s? 2 Read the text and complete the sentences 1 In the 1960s, teenagers listened to........ 2 Their favourite music bands were........... 3 They liked dancing at...................... 4 The girls wore............................. 5 The boys wore their hair .................. 6 In the 1960s, most homes had a............. 7 Top of the Pops showed .................... 8 In 1969 Neil Armstrong .................... О Listen, read and check. 3 Match the words in bold to ^ their definitions: enthusiastic about, very surprised, fashion, most recent, successes Use the pictures to tell the class what the 1960s were like in the UK. Young people loved dancing in the 1960s. 5 84 Think! я Compare life in the UK in the 1960s to life in your country nowadays. In three minutes, write a few sentences about it. Write about: music, dance, fashion, films and TV. Tell your partner. .i Talking about early childhood memories ^ W Listen and say. Which of these activities did/didn't you do as a child? Everyday English H d had fancy dress parties 2 a) *4^ Listen and repeat. • It looks great, • What was it like? • It was a lot of fun. • It sounds like a great place to grow up. • Do you miss it? b) The sentences above are from a dialogue between a boy and his mother. Where did the boy's mother l[ve when she was young? Listen and read to find out. 3 4 helped my parents with chores Find sentences in the dialogue which mean; Do you wish you could go back? - It must be a good life for children. - Yes, I didn't want to move. Pronunciation - minimal pairs W' Listen and tick (/) the correct boxes. Listen again and repeat. Paul; Mum: Paul: Mum: Paul: Mum: Paul: Mum: Paul: Mum: Mum, is this a picture of you and Uncle Peter when you were kids? Yes, that's us at our old house in the country. It looks great. What was it like? It was a lot of fun. We had a large garden and your uncle and I played outside every day after school. Cool! What about at the weekend? Well, your uncle had a paper round in the morning. He delivered newspapers in the village and I helped our parents with the chores. Then on Sundays we walked our dog in the woods next to the house. It sounds like a great place to grow up. It was. Do you miss it? Yes, I was sorry when your Granddad started his new job in the city. At least you have some good memories. ml la III 1Г w ж hat sit pot , heart seat port r ■ 1 ipark sheep spot . pack ship sport ■ ■ 1 . - .« Speaking 5 Imagine you are speaking to your parent about where they grew up. Take roles and act out a simlar dialogue. Use the sentences in Ex. 2 and the the plan below. О Ask В where they grew up. Ask В what it was like. О Say where you grew up. Respond & say what you did there. Comment & ask what-*-=^^^-*i7Tell A what you did they did at weekends. / at weekends. Comment on B's -^-==^^Respond. description and ask if they miss those days. [!►] Vocabulary Bank S p. УВ23 Ex. 3} 85 H e Lost Cities Listening & Reading 1 Look at the picture. What do you know about this place? What would you like to know about it? Write two questions. b) 4^ Listen, read and see if you can answer your questions. V. 2 Read the text and match the headings (A-D) to the paragraphs (1-3). One heading does not match. A Culture В Architecture C History D The people Study skills It was 24th July, 1911. Hiram Bingham, an American archaeologist, was in the Ancles Mountains in Peru. Suddenly he saw walls of stone in front of him. He couldn't believe it! Was this the lost city ofMachu Picchu? 1 Machu Picchu is an ancient Inca site in the Ancles Mountains in Peru. It dates back to 1436. But what was it exactly and why did the Incas build it so high in the mountains? No one is really certain. Bingham found amazing things in Machu Picchu. He discovered stone buildings with thick walls, homes for the people and a beautiful palace for the emperor. There was even a huge pyramid. The city also had a tall tower, temples, storage rooms, baths, about 150 houses and a park. It had running water and water fountains. All the buildings were very strong. Even earthquakes didn’t destroy them! 3 I The Incas were clever people and they knew how to do many things. They weren’t only great builders and astronomers. They were also good farmers. They constructed terraced fields around the city and they grew potatoes, corn and cocoa. Matching headings to paragraphs The title of a paragraph gives the main idea of that paragraph. Read the paragraph once to get the main idea. Then look for words related to the title. This will help you match the paragraph to its title. Г- - I Machu Picchu was a great city. Hundreds of people lived there. Then, one day, they left, and no one really knows why. The name Machu Picchu means 'old mountain'. 86 I ■4 Vi н / ij study skills Using dictionaries to explain words A dictionary presents words in alphabetical order. For each word there is information about the type of word and its meaning, spelling, pronunciation and use. pronunciatior^ type of word meaning castle /'kas'"!/ noun a large building with thick high walls The kina has a beautiful castle on the hill. example sentence (use) ^ Use your dictionaries to explain the words in bold in the text. Vocabulary Structures Match the words to the structures (1-11). What are these words in your language? Use them to make true sentences about Machu Picchu. 4 baths temple houses , fountain , tower , palace EH, park EH, , storage rooms , wall EH, bridge EH, pyramid EH, There were baths in Machu Picchu. Adjectives 5 a) Complete the opposites. Use: small x2, modern, thin, weak, ugly. 1 thick walls ........walls 2 strong buildings ......... buildings 3 beautiful palace ......... palace 4 tall tower ^.....tower 5 huge pyramid ^......... pyramid 6 ancient town .......... town 1 e ____r b) Fill In: ancient, thick, storage, stone, terraced, running. 1 ...........................rooms 2 .........................fields 3 ..........................walls 4 ...........................site 5 ..........................water 6 ......................buildings g Ask and answer questions as in the example. 1 Where/Hiram Bingham/travel to? A: Where did Hiram Bingham travel to? B: He travelled to Peru. 2 What/he/discover? 3 Who/live/there? 4 When/the Incas/build Machu Picchu? 5 What/buildings/survive? 6 Earthquakes/destroy them? 7 What/Inca farmers/construct? Speaking & Writing "J Make statements using the prompts. Your partner agrees or disagrees. 1 Hiram Bingham/a scientist Л A: Hiram Bingham was a scientist. B: Wrong! He was an archaeologist. 2 He/American / A: He was American. B: Correct! He was American. 3 Hiram Bingham/discover/Machu Picchu/1912/ 4 The Incas/live/there / 5 Earthquakes/destroy buildings / 6 Many buildings/survive / 7 Farmers/construct/terraced fields / 8 The Incas/be clever people / g Imagine you are Bingham. In three minutes write a few sentences about Machu Picchu. Read them to the class. / found amazing things in Machu Picchu. Q Legendary Figures к :S‘H; Y и ' the magician Merlin is one of the most fascinating figures in British mythology. He was a wizard, a poet, a teacher and an advisor to kings. His story is full of mystery and magic. Today, we think of Merlin as a wise old man with a beard and a cloak who had magical powers. Ancient myths describe him as being half human; the son of a woman and a demon, and they say he could turn into a bird or cloud! In the century the Kings of Britain were fighting great battles with foreign enemies. News of Merlin's intelligence and magical abilities reached King Uther and he became the King's advisor. One day, Merlin had a vision that the King's son, Arthur, was in great danger. Merlin advised the King to send his son to live in the forest. As the young Arthur was growing up in the forest Merlin became his guardian and teacher. When Uther died, the noblemen of the country started fighting each other for the throne. To put an end to the fighting Merlin created a contest to choose the new king. He stuck the magic sword, Excalibur, into a large stone and said whoever pulled it out was the true King. All the strongest men in the land tried to free the sword but failed. Then Arthur, who was looking for a sword for a local tournament, saw the sword and lifted it out easily. He became king and made Merlin his special advisor. Even today, people wonder if Merlin was more than just a character of medieval stories. Real or not. Merlin continues to fascinate people whenever they hear his story. bi •■irt rtlKT« Listening & Reading ^ What do you know about Merlin? What was he: a knight? a king? a magician? 2 a) How are the people in the pictures related to him? Listen and read to find out. В 88 b) Read the text and answer the questions (1-4). Justify your answers. 1 In the 6*'^ century, Britain A wasn't a very a dangerous place. В wasn't a very safe place. C was full of demons. D was full of magicians. 2 Merlin helped Britain by A fighting the Kings of Britain. В advising foreign enemies. C advising the Kings of Britain. D fighting foreign enemies. 3 Merlin wanted to hide the king's son because he A was afraid of him. В thought he was dangerous. C wanted to protect him. D didn't want the king to have a son. 4 Merlin organised a contest to find A an advisor to the king. В the strongest man in the country. C a magic sword. D the next king. н с) Which sentence from the text best describes picture D? 2 a) Match the two columns to form phrases, then use the phrases to fill In the gaps. 1 2 3 4 5 local ancient magical foreign medieval A stories В powers C enemies D myths E tournament 1 Wizards in mythology have got 2 3 Arthur needed a sword for a(n)... The Kings of Britain were fighting 4 5 1 ............tell stories of magic and wizards. Some mythical characters from ............. ...............could be real. b) Fill in: fight, put, had, choose. Merlin...................a vision that Arthur was in danger. In the stories knights.......... battles with each other. Merlin used a competition to............... the new king. Merlin created a contest to................ an end to the battles between the noblemen. r‘.. see Grammar p. grs; Past continuous 4 Read the table. Find examples in the text. AFFIRMATIVE / was reading You were reading He/She/tt was reading We/You/They were reading INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE / wasn't reading You weren't reading He/She/lt wasn't reading We/You/They weren't reading SHORT ANSWERS Was I reading? Were you reading? Was he/she/it reading? Yes, I was./No, I wasn't. Yes, you were./No, you weren't. Yes, he/she/it was./No, he/she/it wasn't. Yes, we/you/they were/No, we/you/they weren't. We use the past continuous for actions: a) which took place at a specific time in the past. They were sleeping at 7 am yesterday, b) which were happening at the same time in the past. He was listening to music while she was watching TV Were we/you/they reading} 1 9 1 f 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the past continuous to complete the sentences. 1 The wind ........................(blow) softly. 2 He ...........................(play) tennis at 6 pm yesterday. 3 Mum .............................(cook) dinner while Dad ............................... (do) the gardening. 4 He ..................................(fish) all afternoon yesterday. 5 Julia................................(sleep) at 6 pm yesterday. g What were you doing: • at 5 o'clock yesterday afternoon? • this time yesterday? • at 10 o'clock last Sunday morning? • at 8 o'clock yesterday in the evening? у Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. 1 He.......................(get) a job on a ship when he was 14. 2 The boys................................ (find) a wooden box in the garden. 3 The sailors ........................... (clean) the boat while the officers................... (have) a meeting. 4 He.......................(walk) in the forest when he heard a strange noise. 5 The men.....................(drive) to Madrid at 9 o'clock last night. Speaking & Writing g Read the text again and write three things about Merlin. Tell the class. Think! я Why is Merlin a popular legendary figure? In three minutes write a few sentences. Tell the class. 10 Write a paragraph about a legendary figure. Include: name, description, what their legend is about. Tell the class. 89 study skills N Listening for specific information Read the rubric then go through the sentences and underline the key words. They'll help you do the task. Listening 1 Vocabulary Films a) Look at the film posters (1-5). What type of films (A-L) do you think they are? You will hear five people talking about films. Listen and match the sentences to the speakers. One sentence DOES NOT match. A fantasy G animated В action H comedy C thriller 1 superhero D adventure J musical E science fiction К horror F romance L western A В C D E F spend all my money at the cinema. I only go to the cinema at weekends. I like all types of films. I find it hard to stay awake during films. I never go to the cinema. Going to the cinema is an important part of my life. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5 Indiana Jones is a... b) Listen to two musical extracts. Which type of film (A-L) does each match? 2 What types of films do you like/ dislike? Use the adjectives to discuss, as in the example. interesting saa/aepressing funny exciting/ amazing frightening/ scary A: What type of films do you like? B: I like comedies because they are funny. How about you? A: I don't like comedies. I think they are boring. I prefer science fiction films. I think they're exciting. 90 s: Vocabulary Bank S p. VB24 ^ Speaking Talking about films Д Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple. A: What 1).....................(you/do) last night? B: I 2)..................(watch) a film on TV. A: Which one? B: 17Again. It's a comedy. A: WhatS)......................(it/be) like? B: It 4)...................(be) great. I 5)................(love) it. Make sure you watch it. 5 Use the language in the table to talk about a film you saw. Use the dialogue in Ex. 4 as a model. Asking What was... like? Expressing likes/dislikes • It was great/amazing/ • It wasn't very good, fantastic, etc. • It was boring/tiring/ loved it. frightening, etc. quite liked it. • I didn't like it. \У Writing L » » ■v An email about a film ^ Read an email about a film. Which of the following are in it? • title of the film • type of film • names of actors • main points of the plot • recommendation 2 Fill in the table with synonyms from the list: • amusing • dull • depressing • scary • great • thrilling • terrible •r Hi Julia, weekend. 1 went to the How are you? I had a g fripnds We watched a science fiction film with Stephen is about an e-marine Jach,«^^ survive there together with the 1 ГеЬ m“s"lL a lot. The ptet was very interesting^and How about you? Did you enjoy your weekend, Samantha h I • • good great bad boring sad funny frightening exciting 3 Rewrite the extract using positive adjectives. The story was boring and the acting was awful. The special effects were terrible and the music was dull. I think it was a bad film. Recommending 4 Complete the reviews with: you'll love it, It's a bore to watch, should see it, a must-see, miss it. A Journey to the Centre of the Earth was full of action and great special effects. It's 1)...............Don't 2).................. В Target was too long. The story was confusing and the acting was terrible. 3).................... C Indiana Jones was a great film. The acting was great and the plot was thrilling. You 4)....................I'm sure 5)............... Writing (an informal email) 5 Read the rubric and answer the questions. r — — — — — — — — — — — — — ■ This is part of an email you received from your English pen friend, Sally, in which she asks: • Did you enjoy the cinema on Saturday night and why? • What was the title of the film you saw and what type of film was it? • Who starred in it and what was it about? • What did you like most about it and why? Write an email in reply. 1 What are you going to write about? To whom? 2 What's the name of the film? 3 What type is it? 4 Who stars in it? 5 What is the film about? 6 What did you like most? Portfolio: Use your answers to write your email. Follow the plan. Plan Dear..., Para 1: opening remarks, reason you are writing (How are you? I had.... / ivenf... and I saw.... It's a ... movie... with....) Para 2: main points of the plot (The film was about....) Para 3: your comments & recommendation (I liked/ didn't like it because....) Para 4: closing remarks (How about you?) Yours, (your first name) (») Writing Bank 1 p. WBl) 91 -t. S-r\l V i ■isi rn rt □.'-.Л. < When the Europeans arrived on the continent they called America in the 15th century, many different native tribes ^, already lived there. These people respected the environment and their ways of life can still teach a lot to the modern world. I •?, й J - % Wi % 'J 7Ш •I*", .V in ' U II У — *.ТУ__*Л -'П-V ■N f y± t'- .A- -.1 The KwakiutI were fishermen. They had large wooden houses. Seven families could live in one house. They had canoes for fishing, hunting and trading. They used animal skin and even wood to make their winter clothes. « /' О 1^ The Navajo were farmers and grew crops. They lived in houses made of earth and wood. They travelled on foot. Sometimes dogs pulled them on sleds. The women farmed, looked after the children and did the housework. The men hunted and protected the tribe. Listening & Reading At first, The Cheyenne lived like the Navajo. When the Europeans brought horses to America, they left their farms and moved from place to place. The men hunted buffalo. The women built their houses called ‘tepees’. They used buffalo skin. They could take them down and move the village in an hour! '«/Close your eyes and listen to the music. Travel back in time. Now open your eyes. • Where were you? • Who were you with? • What did you do there? Who are Native Americans? Listen and read to find out. arrive, continent, native tribe, respect, wooden, canoe, hunting, trading, animal skin, sled, look after, protect, buffalo 4 Make notes in the table about each tribe. Choose one tribe and use your notes to tell your partner about it. ^^vvakiutl Navai. Chegenne 92 2 Write N (Navajo), C (Cheyenne) or К (KwakiutI). Which tribe(s)... 1 made houses out of skin? 2 used animals to travel? 3 used parts of trees as clothes? 4 didn't live in one place? 5 lived near the sea? 6 grew their own food? homes wooden houses transport work/clothes ICT Collect more information about these tribes. You can do some Internet research using these key words: Native American tribes. Present your information to the class. н Language Review "I Match the words to the descriptions. 1 amphitheatre 2 marketplace 3 temple 4 eruption L г 6 aquarium ^ bridqt 8 forum a You can see performances there. b A square in Roman cities where people met to discuss business or politics. c Explosion of a volcano, d You can buy bread there, e A small area in a town where people buy and sell goods, f A building to worship gods in. g A place where you can see fish. h A structure over a river that people can cross. 2 Choose the correct words. Inishmore is a beautiful little island off the west coast of Ireland. At first, it seems exactly as it 1) was/were eighty years 2) ago/before, but in fact it isn’t. Back then, only a few tourists 3) went/go to the island. There 4) wasn’t/weren’t any ferryboats or an airport in those days. Life was 5) thin/diiricult. People didn’t 6) have/had much money. They 7) lived/stayed in small stone cottages. They didn’t even have electricity or 8) moving/running water. Inishmore is very 9) boring/busy today. There 10) are/were guesthouses, restaurants and a lot of shops. People have got II) ancient/modern houses and fast cars. There is electricity in every house. There is even an airport. Inishmore is still beautiful, though. 3 Choose the correct preposition. 1 The streets were full with/of people. 2 The ancient Egyptians lived across/along the banks of the River Nile. 3 The Navajo had houses made with/of earth. 4 They travelled by/on foot. 5 Teenagers were crazy about/for The Beatles. 6 We lived in/on the country ten years ago. 7 We had picnics in/at weekends. Д Fill in: animal, opera, attend, help, hunt, transport, deliver, native, running, special. • I ^ A A goods 1 .... tribes 6 2 skin 7 3 .... house 8 4 for animals 9 5 .... water 10 newspapers QfitM In teams make sentences. Use words from the list. Each correct sentence gets one point. The team with the most points wins. • ancient city • busy city • narrow street • public baths • running water • destroyed • powerful empire • hunted for animals • transported goods • science-fiction film • thick walls • buried • grew potatoes • dates back to • a must-see • thrilling plot • looked after • respected the environment • protected о Read through Module 5 and answer the questions. Now write a quiz of your own. Give it to your partner. Check his/her answers. 1 Where was Pompeii? 2 How did Pompeii disappear? 3 Where did the Vikings live? 4 Who ruled the ancient Egyptians? 5 Which rock bands were popular in the UK in the 1960s? 6 What did Neil Armstrong do? 7 Where is Machu Picchu? 8 What does 'Machu Picchu' mean? 9 What is special about Avatar! 10 What are tepees? W Revision 5 p. 11^ 93 Reading a) Read the text quickly. What is it about? b) Read the statements 1-5 and underline the key words. Now do the task. Underline the words in the text and in the sentences that helped you decide. Compare with a partner. 1 The Phoenicians lived A on an island. В at high altitudes. C in cold climates. D beside the sea. 2 The Phoenicians used the stars to A give them light while sailing at night. В guide them in the right direction. C rule the seas. D trade on their ships. 3 The Phoenicians traded mainly A raw materials. В food. C ships. D clothes. 4 The Phoenician alphabet A was only for the royalty. В evolved from the Greek alphabet. C had letters based on what they could hear. D had only sounds no letters. 5 The Greeks created their alphabet A so they could cheat the Romans. В with fewer letters than the Phoenician alphabet. C before the Romans did. D around 7th century BC. 1 You are going to read a text about an ancient civilisation. Read the i • text and for questions 1-5 choose the best answer A, B, C or D. The Ancient Phoenicians The ancient Phoenicians were a great civilisation that inhabited the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The Phoenician civilisation lasted over 1,000 years. It began about 1550 BC and ended about 300 BC. The Phoenicians were the best shipbuilders and sailors of the ancient world. For more than 400 years, they ruled the seas! They were the first people to learn how to sail using the stars at night. The Phoenicians were brilliant traders too. They sailed their ships around the Mediterranean, and sold things like wood and glass to the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians. One special item that they traded made them very rich. It was a purple-coloured dye. Purple was the colour of royalty in ancient times. No one in the ancient world knew how to make purple clothes except the Phoenicians. Historians think the Phoenicians were the first civilisation in the world to use an alphabet. They also think that all the alphabets in the world today come from the Phoenician alphabet. The Phoenicians invented an alphabet and a writing system around 1400 BC because they wanted to communicate with their trading partners in Greece, Rome and Egypt. It consisted of only 22 letters based on sound. Once the Greeks and Romans saw the Phoenicians had an alphabet, they learnt it. They wanted to make sure the Phoenicians didn't cheat them out of money! Soon afterwards the Greeks developed their own alphabet. That consisted of 24 letters. The Roman alphabet evolved from the Greek alphabet in the 7th century BC. 2 Read again and complete the sentences. 1 The Phoenician civilisation lived on ....... 2 The Phoenicians used to work as............. 3 They sailed around the Mediterranean selling 4 The first alphabet was the.................. 5 The Phoenicians needed the alphabet so that 6 The Greek alphabet was a model for.......... f Listening Study skills T/F statements Read T/F statements very carefully. It is often one word that determines if a statement is T (true) or F (false). у 94 3 1 а) Read the rubric and the sentences. What do you expect to listen to? Г You will hear an interview with an archaeologist. 1 • Listen and say whether statements 1-7 are * j 7 (true) or F (false) by putting a tick (/) in the [ I correct box. Emma and her students discovered some ancient buildings in London. Some locals told Emma and her students about the buildings. Emma believes the buildings are important because of their size. Emma says it isn't unusual to find Roman ruins in Britain. Emma once discovered a pot full of Roman gold coins. The Romans stayed in Britain for 40 years. The Romans left Britain because they had to defend their homes in Italy. true false ■iL t Ч ■ I « » к I b) Q Do the task. Which word(s) In each statement determined whether the statement was true or false? Speaking Study skills Sound natural: When you speak English don't translate the words from your mother tongue. The word order can be different. Also, learn phrases, not isolated words, and use them without thinking of your native language equivalents. 1 ^ a) Read the rubric. r — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — T I You travelled abroad last month. Your friend i • wants to find out more about it. Talk to him/her' I I I b about: - place you went to - what you saw/did - why [ someone should visit the place - invite friend to go i there next summer • b) О Listen to two people doing the task and tick (/) the correct box. Anna Paul includes all points seems to translate from mother tongue uses English phrases sounds confident and fluent uses correct English grammar structures ^ Brainstorm for Ideas and phrases for the points in Ex. 4a. Use your ideas to do the task. Your partner evaluates your performance as in Ex. 4b. Writing (Writing Bank 3; Postcards p. WB 145) Postcards Postcards are short pieces of writing we send to people we know very well to tell them our news. g Read the rubric and underline the key words. Make notes under the headings. You are on holiday. It's your last day. Send your English friend Laura a postcard. In your ^ postcard: i • write where you are j • write when you arrived i • mention the place you liked most [ • write when you are coming back i Saint Petersburg ^^F^^/^^rite^lace i museum Accommoda^ hotel \Date you return Date of arrival | family \Feelings | happy у a) Which of these sentences can you use in your postcard? • Greetings from ... • The weather's just fine. • I'm staying at a beautiful... • It's the best holiday in my life. • To get there take bus No. 7. • My family and I wanted to visit the art gallery but it was closed. • Every morning we go sightseeing. • Give me a call later • Everyone can come. b) Which set can you use to start and end your postcard? A Dear friend, В Dear Laura, C Dear Laura Smith, Yours, See you. Love, g Write your postcard. 95 Reading & Listening ^ What do you know about Catherine the Great? Think of three questions. О Listen and read. Did the text answer your questions? 2 Read the text and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the false statements. 1 Catherine the Great was born in Russia.... 2 Catherine studied at home. ... 3 Catherine got married when she was a teenager. ... 4 Catherine's reign was a good period for Russia. ... 5 Catherine made Moscow a great city........ 3 Use the words from the section to complete the sentences. 1 Catherine's father was the.........of a city in Prussia. 2 Babette was Catherine's.......... 3 Catherine did not have a very happy........... 4 Catherine became...........of Russia in 1761. 5 Catherine wanted to create a better........... system in Russia. r Study skills Reading years: In English we write years as fourdigit numbers but we usually read them as two sets of two digit numbers. 1964 = nineteen sixty four 1901 = nineteen oh one BUT 2011 = two thousand and eleven Speaking & Writing 4 a) Say the years. 1729 1645 1761 С"’79бЗ 96 b) Make notes under the years, then present the Information about Catherine the Great to the class. Catherine the Great Catherine the Great was born in Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin in Poland), on 2nd May 1729. Her father was Prince Christian August of the Anhelt family. He was a Prussian army officer and was governor of Stettin. In the 18th century wealthy children had their own private teachers and so Catherine received a lot of her education from her French nanny Babette. She learnt French, German, History, Religion and Music. When Catherine was fifteen she went to Russia where she met and married the Grand Duke Peter in 1745. In December 1761 Peter III became Emperor of Russia and Catherine his empress. Only a few months later, she became the sole ruler of Russia, During her reign, Russia became one of the great powers of Europe. Catherine developed the arts and sciences in her country. Under her direction, St Petersburg became one of the world's greatest capitals. It was a fantastic period for theatre and music. Catherine II also improved the country's educational system. Catherine died of a stroke on 17th November 1796. During her reign she made Russia a great nation. army officer, governor, wealthy, private teacher, nanny, marry, empress, sole, ruler, reign, power, develop, direction, improve, stroke •UOTATION I praise loudly, I blame softly Catherine the Great Writing 5 Collect more information about Catherine the Great. Write a paragraph. Present it to the class. Vocabulary: experiences, means of transport, charity/volunteer activities, gestures & body language, accidents & injuries, technology Grammar: present perfect, present perfect vs past simple, yef, already, ever, never, just, since, for, the passive Everyday English: volunteering/offering to help Pronunciation: /10/, /i:/, /&/ Writing: a short story describing an experience Culture: VSO (Volunteering Overseas); Tsiolkovksy Museum Curricular (Science): Mobile Phone Network a ever...? Vocabulary Exciting experiences Listen and say. Listen to John describing a photograph. Which one is he describing? What does he say about: the place? the time of year? the weather? the people? people's clothes? the activity? people's feelings? Choose a photograph and make notes under the headings in Ex. 2. Use your notes to describe the photograph to the class. # # ........... •• ......... .........................,, ..•/Л*........................ .V . *•. \ •• \ • •• OlfSR TO YOU.' Have you ever done any of these activities? If yes, when did you do it? If not, which would you like to do? • fj. • ■ • - - * • .Г-- 1 V. IT fly over a place in a helicopter^ m ^ •* Ci / go camping • • f 9 Ф j ' '%'• ■■ 1 i t • ^ г : *• cycle across country *• ^ *1 Г© [Гл!-’Л*.4 sail on a yacht »4 go sightseeing on an open-top double-decker bus Л ride an elephant ^P^rive a quad bike 151^ ■ V t .ss- •• ^ 'W ’** г' г Н а Amazing Adventures Vocabulary Activities idtC ( ^ < ^ Liste Listening & Reading a) Look at the postcards. Where is each person? b) Which of the activities in the pictures do you think each person has done? О Listen and read to find out. Hi Anna! I’m having a brilliant time here in Perth, Australia! I’ve been here for a few days now and I've already taken a ferry ride to see the city skyline. 1 took some great photographs. I’ve also made a dream come true because I’ve swum with dolphins! It was an amazing experience! The water was so clear, and the dolphins swam really close to me. They were really happy and friendly. It was the highlight of my trip! Best wishes, Paul 1 c) Read the postcards again and choose A, B, C or D to complete each statement. Paul liked, more than anything, A the city skyline. C the ferry ride. В swimming with D taking photographs, dolphins. 2 Sarah thinks she will always remember A the helicopter ride. C the camel ride. В the river cruise. D the Pyramids. 3 James is spending most of his time A climbing. C walking. В swimming. D cycling. 2 Match the words to make phrases. Use the phrases to make sentences based on the postcards. f' Hello David, Greetings from Egypt! What a country! There’s so much to see and explore; history really comes to life here. I’ve already been sightseeing and taken loads of photos, but you’ll never guess what I’ve done today! I’ve ridden a camel! We were in the desert with the Pyramids behind us. What an experience! I’ll never forget it. Tomorrow, we’re going on a river cruise down the Nile, travelling south. After that, we’re taking a helicopter ride over the source of the Nile. I’m so excited! Speak to you soon, Sarah r 1 H 98 in dream never go on highlight history A a ferry ride В comes to life C of the trip D forget E come true Hi Mark, It’s really beautiful here in Sicily, Italy. It’s a really interesting island, with a great climate and beautiful coastlines. I’m cycling around the island in order to experience as much of it as possible. I’ve seen some fantastic ancient ruins, and have gone swimming on beautiful beaches. I’ve also climbed up Mount Etna. It’s the largest active volcano in Europe and it can get pretty hot up there! It was a thrilling climb. Sicily has been a fantastic experience, I definitely won’t forget it Bye for now, James ferry ride, skyline, make a dream come true, clear, highlight, explore, desert, river cruise, source, climate, coastline, ancient ruins, active volcano Vt' *J. f> Ij a •4 Ч F Grammar p grs; Present perfect (affirmative) Д Read the table and find examples in the texts. ( Form havelhas + past participle (just/already) flown to Rome. AFFIRMATIVE l/You have He/She/lt has \Л/е/УоиЯНеу have We use the present perfect for: experiences. He has travelled abroad. actions which started in the past and continue up to the present. He has lived here for ten years/since May. (He still lives here.) Note: He has gone to London. (He is still there.) He has been to Edinburgh. (He has come back.) f 5 Match the infinitives to the past participles. • go • work • sleep • walk • read • swim • see • tell • give • eat • make • eaten • worked • gone • told • read • given • seen • walked • slept • made • swum g a) Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect. 1 Karen.................(sail) solo around Britain twice and is planning to sail to Iceland soon. 2 Ken and Paula ........(fly) in a helicopter over New York and say it is an amazing experience. 3 We.......................(drive) quad bikes on the highlands In Scotland once and we loved it. 4 Tony .........................(already/ride) a camel in the desert and would like to try riding an elephant through a jungle. 5 Phil's dad .....................(travel) across Alaska on a dogsled. He's a real adventurer. b) Which of these have you done today? Write sentences. • walk the dog • do your homework • watch TV • play football • eat breakfast Have been/Have gone у Complete the sentences with: have/has been or have/has gone. 1 A: Where are Lyn and Tim? B: They....................on a ferry ride. 2 I don't live in Liverpool. I............. only ..........................there once. 3 Tina is alone in the house. Her parents.. ..............on holiday. 4 A: Is Henry at home? B: No, he .......................to work. 5 Craig wants me to go on holiday to Paris this summer, but I........already.......there. 6 Lisa has just come home. She............. at the sports centre. Speaking & Writing g a) Read the texts again and complete the table. Use the table to say what each person has done while on holiday. Name Place Activities Paul Perth -take a ferry ride - swim with dolphins b) Which holiday do you think is the most exciting? In three minutes write a few sentences. Tell the class. c) Imagine you are on holiday. Write a short email to your English pen friend. Write: • where you are • where you are staying • what activities you have done • how you like it 99 / 1 1 Travel Experiences Vocabulary Means of transport 4»^ Listen and say. Which of the following can you see in the photographs? • tram • boat • bus • car ' • coach • lorry • helicopter • scooter • gondola • ship • train • bike • canoe cable car • raft «van • taxi • ferry • • • omm Note: in a car/taxi BUT on a plane/bus/boat/bike/ ferry/coach; by car/taxi/bus/plane/ship BUT on foot experiences I’ve just come back from Europe. I really enjoyed it! But something very weird happened in London. One day, I was at Marble Arch and I decided to get on a London bus. Seconds later, a bus arrived. I was so excited; it was an old-style, red, double-decker bus! It was also a number 7, my lucky number, so I jumped on board. There were only two elderly ladies travelling; one smiled at me. The bus went through a strange part of London. There were very few cars around and all the streets, houses and even the people looked old-fashioned. The bus didn’t stop anywhere. Ten minutes later we were back at the Marble Arch again. I got off the bus and went to my hotel. The receptionist gave me my room key. “Have you been anywhere nice today?’’ she asked. I told her about my tour on the number 7 bus. She looked surprised. “That’s very strange," she said, “the number 7 bus hasn’t run since 1958!" S\N Think! я Which experience impressed you the most? iVA'aNvA- vV* \\S\v\ \ , kJ ■ • ■ • Ш щт чм ш • • щт w ii|j/%v Why? Tell the class. ^ 1 tlx riill ] « < • [\v \v Listening & Reading 2 a) Look at the text. What is a blog? Where can you see It? b) What can Nick's blog be about? Q Listen and read to find out. What means of transport does it mention? 2 a) Read the text and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). 1 Nick lives in London. .... 2 The bus was full when Nick got on. ......... 3 The number 7 bus stopped running years ago. .... 4 The woman on the cable car was old.......... 5 John didn't see the woman. .... Grammar p gr9 Present perfect (negative & interrogative) Д Read the table and find examples in the text. NEGATIVE ' l/You haven't He/She/lt hasn't flown to Milan yet. 1 \Л/еА'оиЯЬеу haven't INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS Have l/you ever travelled Yes, l/you have. abroad? No, i/you haven't. Has he/she/it ever travelled Yes, he/she/it has. abroad? No, he/she/it hasn't. Have we/you/they ever Yes, we/you/they have. travelled abroad? No, we/you/they haven't. 100 о b weird, on board, elderly, old-fashioned, get off the bus, ghost, wear my hair in a bun, bouquet, lost in thought, puzzled look W" Post a comment Wow! That’s so strange. Have you ever seen a ghost? think I have! I was in San Francisco. My friend John and I took a ride on one of the famous cable cars. We were the only people travelling when a beautiful woman of our age got on. She was dressed in a very old-fashioned grey suit. She wore her blonde hair in a bun and she carried a small bouquet of roses. She looked like someone from an old photograph. She was very still and lost in thought. John asked me to take some photographs because the view was amazing. I only looked out of the window for a moment, but when I turned back, the woman wasn’t there. I asked John about her. John gave me a very puzzled look. "What woman?’’ he asked. But I know I saw her. Posted by Judy (25) Г 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect. 1 A: ............................ (you/ever/ride) a camel? B: No, but I..................(fly) on a plane. 2 A: Sarah............................ (never/be) snorkelling. B: No, she hasn't but she................. (be) bungee jumping once. 3 A: How was your holiday?...................... (you/do) anything special so far? B: We ..............(swim) with dolphins and ................(climb) up a volcano so far. 4 A: How's Tony? B: I don't know. I .................. (not/see) him lately. 5 A: .....................(they/reach) London? B: Yes, they ....................(just/arrive). 6 A: ................(he/be) on a plane before? B: No, this is the first time he.............. (travel) by plane. 7 A: ...................(you/hear) from Jenny? B: Yes, she's in Spain. She................... (be) there a week now. Ч i!, Write complete questions. Answer them. 1 you/ever/drive a lorry? Have you ever driven a lorry? Yes, I have./No, I haven't. 2 your parents/ever/travel to San Francisco? 3 you/ever/ride a scooter? 4 your teacher/ever/see a ghost? 5 you/ever/be on a double-decker bus? 6 your friends/ever/spend a night in a castle? у Study the table. Find examples in the text. x* ------------------------ already - yet - since - for - just - ever - never * We use already in affirmative sentences to say that sth is now finished. He has already bought the tickets. * We use yet with negative and interrogative sentences to show that we expect sth to happen. He hasn't arrived yet. Have they called yet? * We use just in affirmative sentences to say that sth happened recently. She has just arrived. * We use since to say when sth started. I’ve lived here since 2009. * We use for to say how long sth lasted. He's lived here for ten years. ► We use ever in the interrogative. Have you ever travelled abroad? » We use never instead of the negative form to say that sth has not happened. He has never ridden an elephant. = He hasn't ridden an elephant. J g Choose the correct word. Write sentences using the words you didn't use. 1 I have ever/never visited San Francisco. 2 Janet has lived in London since/for 2008. 3 She has already/yet booked the hotel room. 4 I haven't been abroad since/for years. 5 Have you ever/never ridden a bike? 6 John has just/yet missed the bus. 7 The Smiths have just/yet reached Sicily. 8 They haven't been on a cable car already/yet. Writing g Have you ever had a strange experience? Post your comment to Nick's blog. Write: where you were - who was with you - what happened - how you felt. [»] Vocabulary Bank 6 pp. VB2S VB26 Ex. 2 ) 1 01 с Culture Corner “irr:. "i"»«—“s“ « «• Shdrin^ SKlIlS teachers, who volunteer for VSO. Changing lives It > P — j 1 I «,!“«» «!»« W *«■• •■”■•' 'tr"oS W* ::-r^s;=s.rr::-. - ■ different places around the world, including Cameroon, Nepal and Indonesia. Tl 1 Being a volunteer changes your life. You learn about different cultures while working in a foreign community, hand in hand with the local people. The fulfilment of helping people bring positive change to their communities is an experience you never forget. For more information visit; www.vso.org.uk charity, aid programme, volunteer, experience, field, participate, allow, host community, hand in hand ‘I Look at the pictures. What is the woman on the right doing there? How do you think she is feeling? 2 b) A В C D What do you think VSO is? How can it help people like the children in the picture? Ч Listen and read to find out. Match the paragraphs (1-4) with their correct headings (A-E). One heading does not match. BEING A VSO VOLUNTEER UNSKILLED VOLUNTEERS HOW TO MAKE DONATIONS EVERYONE CAN HELP 102 E WHAT IT IS 3 Think of a different heading for each paragraph. 4 Use the words from the section in the correct form to complete the sentences. 1 We are searching for..................... to help clean up the beach this weekend. 2 You can work ..................... with the local people to help rebuild houses. 3 Jeff and Carol...........in the tennis match last Friday. 4 The......................... organised a concert to raise money to help the homeless. 5 Doctors Without Borders accepts volunteers who work in the ......................................of medicine. 6 My trip to the Amazon was an unforgettable............ 5 What type of voluntary work would/wouldn't you like to do? Why (not)? Tell the class. 0 What sort of charity organisations are there in your country that young people can do voluntary work for? Write a short paragraph. Present it to the class. 1 А В А В: А; В: А: В: 3 day English d Volunteering/Offering to help Q Listen and repeat. Which of these have you done in aid of a charity? 2 a) C.) Listen and repeat. • I'm interested in volunteering. • When are you available? • I'm free on Monday mornings. • We could use someone to walk the dogs. • You can start on Saturday if you like. b) The sentences above are from a dialogue between two people. Who do you think the speakers are and what are they talking about? О Listen and read to find out. Good morning, Avondale Animal Shelter. Hello, I'm interested in volunteering for the shelter. Well, we are always looking for new volunteers. When are you available? I'm free on Saturday afternoons. Fantastic. We could use someone to walk the dogs. We are also looking for someone to help with fundraising. Are you interested? I can definitely walk the dogs. As for fundraising, I can help to collect donations. Great! You can start on Saturday if you like. Just come in around 2 pm and ask for Maria. OK, I will be there. Goodbye. f Find sentences in the dialogue which mean: When are you free? - / can make it on Saturday afternoons. - How does that sound to you? - Is Saturday OK with you? - I'll see you there. 1^1 Щ Donations 'S _ donate/collect ^ old clothes help look after animals j g 7 ■ St /jb donate/collect buy/sell raffle tickets ^ , Pronunciation'^:^ (diphthongs) ^ Q Listen and say. Find words with these sounds in the dialogue in Ex 2. Can you add one more word for each sound? /10/ ear, near, hear, dear, cheer,....... /i;/ eat, each, clean, keep, feed,....... /ei/ pain, sail, main, mail.............. Speaking 5 You want to help out in a(n) animal shelter/charity shop/home for the elderly. Take roles and act out a similar dialogue. Use the sentences in Ex. 2 and the plan below. Make sure to: • say the reason you are calling & offer to volunteer, • say the days/times you are available & ask how you could help, • say what you can do, • agree on suggested day to start. О О Greet, saying the------- to volunteer. name of the charity. / Ask when he/she is which days/times available. / you are free. Suggest volunteer -♦''‘^^^Agree to help, activities. / Say where and when-^-^^'^Agree. Say goodbye, he/she can start. 103 й л *■ ► '' к Vocabulary Gadgets a) Q Listen and say. • text friends • instant message someone • send an email • share photos • write a blog • chat online • play video games • look up maps • listen to music • download music/films, etc. • browse web pages • use a social networking site, e.g. Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, etc. • use a search engine, e.g. Google, Searchalot, Yahoo, etc. b) Use the phrases In Ex. 1a to say how we use these gadgets. • smartphone • MP3 player • tablet computers • laptop • GPS receiver • video games console We can text friends with a smartphone. Reading Look at the text. Where can you see forums: on the Internet, in a newspaper, in a magazine? b) What Is this forum about? Read through and check. 3 a) r Read the text and fill in the gaps with the missing sentences (A-F). There is one extra sentence. Compare with your partner. Which words helped you decide? FORUM A lot of us just can't live without our gadgets. In fact, ive are so caught up in texting, tweeting, surfing and updating our Facebook statuses that we are unaware of what is happening in the world around us. Although gadgets are very useful, sometimes they can get us into trouble. ( Post 7 of 36 Lauralo^ l\e had a few awkward moments while using some of my gadgets. Last year 1 moved to London to go to university. My dad bought me a GPS receiver so 1 could find my way around town easily. One evening 1 decided to use it to walk to a restaurant with my new friends. 2 Everyone followed me eagerly. But after walking half an hour we found ourselves at the same spot. 1 was puzzled. Suddenly one of my friends pointed across the square. There was the restaurant. Then I understood. The GPS receiver was on driving mode and took us through all the one-way streets to reach the restaurant! (Post 8 of 36 Dariotl) I think the most embarrassing moment I've ever had with a gadget was with my new smartphone. I bought this really cool smartphone one day when I was out shopping. | 4 | I took it out of its box and started playing around with it. It has an excellent menu and loads of applications but it was all new to me then. I was so busy going through the menu when suddenly I walked smack-bang into someone and their ice cream went all over me. Everyone around laughed at me standing there like a circus clown with ice cream all over my face. | 5 | I had a good laugh about it with my parents later that day though. I couldn't wait to try it out. I felt so stupid in front of the others. I threw my old phone away. The worst was with my GPS receiver. I was so embarrassed. I took it out of the car and entered the name of the restaurant. gadget, awkward, mode, spot, puzzled, can't wait, application, smack-bang b) ^ Дisten and read the text. Which story do you think is the most embarrassing? Tell the class. 1 see Grammar p gr9 Past simple vs present perfect 4 Read the theory. Find examples in the text. We use the past simple for; • an action which happened at a stated time in the past. Peter bought a new CD last week. (When? Last week.) • an action that started and finished in the past. Sue had the flu for two weeks. (She hasn't got the flu anymore.) Time expressions used with past simple: ago, yesterday, 4 last week/month, etc. We use the present perfect for; • an action which happened at an unstated time in the past. David has bought a lot of CDs. (When? We don't know. The time is not stated.) • an action which started in the past and is still continuing in the present. Lisa has had a cold for three days. (She has still got a cold.) Time expressions used with present perfect: since, already, for, just, yet, ever, never, etc. 5 Choose the correct verb. 1 Julie has sent/sent Mary several text messages last night. 2 Dave is going to recycle his old computer. He has had/had it for over 10 years. 3 Have you ever used/Did you ever use Flickr to share photographs? 4 We have had/had a great time playing video games at Paul's house last night. 5 Jane bought/has bought a new mobile phone yesterday. 6 I haven't received/didn't receive a reply from the university yet. 7 Tara was/has been on the Internet since this morning. 8 How many emails have you sent/did you send so far today? 9 Have you ever had/Did you ever have an accident while text messaging? 10 Last Monday I have left/left the library at about 4:30 pm. 7 8 8 C g Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the present perfect. 1 A: Lisa..........................(win) a new laptop on the quiz show last night. B: Yeah. I .................................. (just/hear). Isn't she lucky? 2 A: ................................. (you/see) my new profile picture on Facebook? B: Yes, I ............................... (be) on Facebook last night. It's a cool photo. 3 A: I..............................(have) this laptop for years. I need to get a new one. B: You can get cheap ones now. My brother .................(buy) a new one last month. 4 A: Tony .......................... (not/visit) us for ages. Is he all right? B: Yeah. I............................. (chat) with him online the other day. 5 A: Owen................................ (tell) me you got a new smartphone. B: Yes, it's great. у Complete the sentences with the correct adverbs from the list. • always • never • since • already • ago • just • yet • ever 1 My dad has had the same mobile phone......... 2006. 2 I've .....................had a GPS receiver. I prefer to use maps. 3 Karen only bought her MP3 player yesterday and she's..........................broken it. 4 Have you......................thought about creating your own website? 5 Liam has..................loved video games. He plays almost every day. 6 Martha is delighted. She has................. won an iPad. She hasn't left ............................. John bought a new laptop a week.............. Speaking & Writing Think of an embarrassing moment you had using any of your favourite gadgets. Write a short paragraph about it. Write: where you were, who with, what happened, how you felt. [!►] Vocabulary Bank 6 p. УВ26 Ex. 3-Ех.У ) 105 г Cultural Habits Vocabulary Social etiquette ^f'l'rrbbtnmorl ^ ^./'Listen and say. your nose in public kiss sb you meet on the cheek smile at people {'f Social Etiquette T\ Be careful what you do with your feet! In Thailand it has always been very disrespectful to point your feet, particularly the soles of your feet, at another person or to show your feet in any way. So remember, if your host tells you to make yourself comfortable that doesn’t mean you should put your feet up on the coffee table. \ te#® i's;”' ■ •гЧ ![ . Has anyone ever told you it’s impolite to point at people? In Malaysia it is rude to point at someone with your index finger. People use the whole fist and thumb to show direction. In the Philippines, people only point by moving their eyes towards a person or thing, or even by pursing their lips and pointing with their mouth. б1 1 Thinking about visiting Bulgaria? If so, then it can ■ - n. КлН\/ loo. a, the g wK; wi strangers and Chinese people try to avoid it. I ^ I I } I III wwww. ^ ^ really help to remember the following: in Bulgarian body language, nodding your head up and down means no, while shaking your head from side to side means ‘yes’! So be ^ careful how you move r.-.* ■*r.* .‘ч» —.—I In Europe and the USA people have always shaken hands with a firm grip to show strength of character. If you have ever visited Turkey, you will know that for Turkish people, a firm handshake is very rude and it is seen as a sign of anger. , . . Flowers are a very thoughtful gift, but here’s some advice. If you are going to Poland don’t arrive at a party with yellow flowers known as chrysanthemums. They are used at funerals! In Italy, people have long believed that yellow flowers indicate jealousy, and red ones show secrecy! Don’t get confused! In some parts of the world it’s polite to eat all of the food on your plate at dinner but in China and Korea you should leave something. This shows that you were given enough food by your host. If you eat everything, your Chinese host! feels obliged to offer you more. That’^ is because he thinks you are still hungry! 2 Which of the actions in Ex. 1 do people in your country consider impolite? In my country it's impolite to burp after a meal. 106 etiquette, polite, rude, globe, ground, respect, make eye contact, avoid, shake hands, strength, firm handshake, thoughtful, advice, jealousy, secrecy, disrespectful, sole, host, index finger, purse your lips, nod your head, side to side, confused, appreciate, obliged Listening & Reading 3 Look at the title of the text on p. 106 and the headings (A-H). What do you think the text is going to be about? Q Listen, read and check. (A) DON'T USE YOUR HANDS ® CHOOSE YOUR COLOURS CAREFULLY @ KEEP YOUR SHOES ON THE GROUND ® BE CAREFUL DURING MEALS (D DON' T TALK WITH YOUR MOUTH FULL © EYES DOWN © A NOD IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION ® SHAKE LIGHTLY 4 b) Read paragraphs (1-7) in the text. What is the main idea in each? c) Read the text and match the paragraphs (1-7) to the headings (A-H). There is one extra heading. Which words helped you decide? Fill in: show, social, to make eye, firm, thoughtful, index, body, nod. Then use the phrases to write sentences about social etiquette based on the text. 1 2 3 4 .... contact .. my head ..... rules handshake 5 6 7 8 .. respect .... finger language .....gift Americans make eye contact when they greet people to show politeness. 5 Read the text. Make a list of dos and don'ts for the countries: • China • USA • Turkey • Poland • Thailand • Malaysia • Philippines • Bulgaria • Korea Use the list to tell the class about social rules in these countries. see Grammar p. gr9/ The passive g Read the theory. Find examples In the text Form: to be + past participle of the main verb We use the passive when we don't know who carried out an action or when the action is more important than the person who carries it out. Present Simple Active; People send chrysanthemums to funerals. Passive; Chrysanthemums are sent to funerals. Past Simple Active: Peter painted the portrait. Passive: The portrait was painted by Peter. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. We use by in the passive sentence to introduce the person who did the action. у Rewrite the sentence in the passive. 1 In many countries, people offer handshakes as a greeting. 2 People give sweets and flowers as gifts to their host in Malaysia. 3 They kissed him three times on the cheek. 4 They serve dinner at 7 o'clock. 5 He offered flowers to the hostess. Speaking & Writing g Do any of the social rules in the text apply in your country? Tell the class. In my country people shake hands to greet each other. g What other social rules are there? Write a short paragraph about social etiquette in your country (60-70 words). [!►] Vocabulary Bank 6 p. УВ2б} 107 с g Skills 1 Vocabulary Minor injuries/ ailments Listen and say, then match the phrases to the pictures. 2 Ask and answer questions as in the example. A: Have you ever cut your finger? B: Yes, I have, /No, I haven't. Listening 3 в c D E F *4r'Listen and match the speakers to the injuries. There Is one extra sentence. The speaker ruined their new clothes. The speaker had a high temperature. The speaker ate too much. The speaker fell down. The speaker had to get professional help. The speaker wasn't able to walk. 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 cut your finger have a fever sprain your wrist have a toothache twist your ankle have a cold/the flu have a headache have a nosebleed have a sore throat have a stomach ache Speaking Giving advice 4.^’Listen to a dialogue between a doctor and a patient. Who says these phrases? What is the problem? What should the patient do? • What are the symptoms? • You can also take this to get your temperature down. What seems to be the problem? I think you should stay in bed for a couple of days. Work in pairs. You have a runny nose and a cough and you can't stop sneezing. Your partner is a doctor. Use the language below to act out your dialogue. Follow the diagram. Give advice Why don't you ...? I think you should/shouldn't... My advice is to ... If I were you, I would ... Have you got the flu? Drink lots of fluids. Take cough medicine. Get lots of sleep. Wash your hands. О Greet patient. Ask what the problem is. Ask about symptoms. Say the patient has got the flu Give the patient some advice. О Say what the problem is. Describe the symptoms. Ask what you should do. Thank doctor. 108 [!►] Vocabulary Bank 6 p. VB28^ А story I Read the rubric. Answer the questions. A teens magazine has asked its readers to send in stories that end with И/е never found out what that noise was for its annual story competition. The best story wins a week's holiday. (120-150 words) 1 2 3 What are you going to write? Who is going to read it? Is it a first person narrative or a third person narrative? How many main characters can there be? Should the story be true or imaginary? What tense should you mainly use? Study skills Sequencing When you write a story, present the events in the order they happened. This helps the reader follow your story. 2 Read the story and put the events in the order they happened. A В C D E F G H 1 We put up our tent. We heard a noise. Travis tripped on a rock. Travis and I went camping. We went to get firewood. We started running. I called for help. I pulled him to the tent. A ranger picked us up. 3 Find all the words In the story that show the sequence of events. EllMPtlirS The by Jim Hewit Last summer my brother Travis and I decided to go camping. An roullate “vTeperfect spot and put up our tent. Then we both iooked for firewood. Suddenly we heard a strange гюке^ It was a low moaning sound, as if a creature was in pain. We froze The noise became louder so we dropped the woo ran as fast as we could back to our tent. Unfortunately, Г Travis tripped on a rock and twisted his leg. I dragged him back into the tent and then 1 called for help. Thirty minutes later a ranger came to pick us p^ relieved. Travis ended up with a sore ankle, found out what that noise was. Writing When you write a story you should start by setting the scene. Describe the place (where), the time (when), the main characters (who), the weather and what happened first. Д How does the writer set the scene in the story? 5 Read the rubric and answer the questions. • Your teacher has asked you to write a story about l I a(n) exciting/scary/embarrassing experience you had for the [ I school's English magazine. Write your story (120-150 words). I 1 What are you going to write? 2 Who is going to read it? 3 What can the story be about? g Portfolio: (listen to Jane narrating her experience and take notes to answer the questions In the plan. Now use your notes and the plan below and write the story. Plan Introduction Para 1: Main body Paras 2-3: Conclusion Para 4: (set the scene) Who? Where? When? What? (events in the order they happened) What happened? What was the main event? (end of the story, how people felt) What happened in the end? How did you feel? •v* [!►] Writing Bank 4 p. WB4^ 109 • ' » Curricular: Science radio waves Millions of people around the world use mobile phones to keep in touch with friends and family, and there is an 80% chance that you've got a mobile phone in your pocket or bag. Have you ever wondered, though, how a mobile phone network works? A mobile phone is actually a sophisticated radio that uses radio waves to communicate, like a really good walkie-talkie. A walkie-talkie uses one channel and one frequency so only one person can talk at the same time. The mobile phone uses two frequencies, one for talking and one for listening, which means both users can talk at the same time; and it can use over 1600 channels. When your mobile phone is on, the phone communicates to what we call a base station. A base station is a special antenna which can be on the top of a building or a communications tower. There are usually hundreds of base stations in cities all over the world. Sometimes telephone companies disguise their base stations so you don't even notice them. Each base station is at the centre of an area called a cell. All calls and messages in that area go to the cell's base station where a special base station controller transmits the call. Controllers can only take a certain number of calls at the same time so if a lot of people call, some of them may not be able to get through. This doesn't happen very often though because there are antennas everywhere. Keep an eye out for them! mobile phone \ user 4 keep in touch, sophisticated, frequency, base station, antenna, cell, transmit Look at the picture. How do you think a rnobile phone network works? / Ч ¥ Listen and read the text to find out. Did you know? ____________ It is possible to locate a mobile phone user to a couple of metres anywhere on the planet. 3 1 2 ead the text and mark the sentences T (true) br F (false). A mobile phone uses radio waves to communicate. .... Mobile phones use three frequencies. ......... All base stations are clearly visible. ....... There is a base station in every cell. ....... Controllers can usually take all calls. ...... 3 4 5 Match the words/phrases In bold in the text to their meaning. to manage to connect to hide or cover sth so you can't see it sends (a signal) a radio signal a system that joins things ICT How does a GPS system work? Collect information from the Internet. Make notes and present the information to the class. Language Review ^ Fill in: ruins, donation, handshake, active, thought, contact, charity, burp, cruise, climate. 1 In Japan it is rude to make eye................ with strangers. 2 When I was in Egypt, I saw lots of ancient 8 9 10 2 Etna is one of the world's .................... volcanoes. Because of its warm................... Greece is a nice place to visit during the autumn. He was lost in .................. so he didn't notice the car approaching. In the UK, men often greet new people with a firm................... VSO Is a ................... organisation that helps people in need. Last year we went on a river................... down the Nile. It's not polite to ...............after a meal. You can make a ................to help charity. Fill in the correct word from the list: purse, animal, firm, radio, social, blow, index, puzzled, donate, disabled. 1 etiquette 6 .. 1 your lips 2 your nose 7 .. look 3 waves 8 .. money 4 grip 9 .. people 5 finger 10 .. shelter 3 Fill in: on, in, or by. 1 a bus 6 ... .... a ferry 2 a car 7 ... .... a coach 3 foot 8 ... .... train 4 plane 9 ... .... ship 5 a boat 10 ... .... a bike О 4 Choose the correct words. 1 I've twisted/cut my finger. 2 Riding a camel in Egypt would make my dreams come alive/true. 3 Last year I had a great holiday in a camper lorry/van. 4 Keep in hand/touch when you move to Poland. 5 Just nod/contact your head if you agree. 6 Jeff volunteered for a(n) aid/host programme in China. 7 Rachel looked/cared after my cat while I was away. 5 Choose the correct preposition. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lucy always eats everything on/in her plate. He cares of/for the elderly. A dolphin came close at/to us while we swam. A young man jumped in/on board the bus. I'm free on/in Sunday mornings. Darren couldn't get off/through on the telephone. She was by/on a plane to Rome. We're interested to/in helping to collect money for the shelter. In teams make sentences. Use words from the list. Each correct sentence gets one point. The team with the most points wins. • volunteer • elderly people • gadget • raise money • fundraising event • raffle tickets • animal shelter • browse a web page • point at people • text someone • chat online • write a blog • twist your ankle • have a cold • have a stomach ache • awkward • • - -VT Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Read through Module 6 and write a quiz of your own. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Nile is in China. Marble Arch is in London. Yellow flowers mean secrecy in Italy. Shake hands gently in Turkey. San Francisco has got cable cars. You shouldn't point your finger in Malaysia. 7 Mount Etna is in Sicily. 8 The Chinese look at the ground when they greet people. 9 Perth is in Australia. 10 In Bulgaria, nodding your head up and down means 'yes'. M'.Mi [l^l Revision 6 p. 12^ 111 Skills Listening (Multiple matching) ^ a) Work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1 Have you ever volunteered before? 2 Do you think volunteers make a difference? 3 What kind of people do you think volunteer? b) In pairs, brainstorm for two minutes for ideas under the following headings. Positive things about volunteering Negative things about volunteering • meet like-minded people • make new friends • can make you feel sad • many volunteer programmes are expensive Study skills Multiple matching Before listening, read the rubric and quickly try to paraphrase the sentences. This will give you an idea of what to listen for. c) You are going to hear five students talk about volunteering. Read the sentences (A-F) in Ex. 1d. In pairs, paraphrase each sentence. e.g.A = had a good time but was ready to leave / had fun but didn't want to stay longer ...etc. d) О Now listen and match the speakers (1-5) to the sentences (A-F) There is one extra sentence. A The speaker enjoyed the experience but didn't want more. В The speaker didn't expect to meet people from all over the world. C The speaker was surprised they made so many good friends. D The speaker originally planned to stay for a shorter time. E The speaker stays in touch with the children. F The speaker says you experience a country in a different way when you volunteer. Speaking Study skills Talking about a picture Start by describing the picture as a whole (e.g. where, what), then go into more detail (who, how, what kind, how many, etc.). End by speculating about the scene. This will show you ^ can go beyond a simple description. 2 a) Look at the picture and complete the gaps. О Listen and check. Underline the sentence which speculates on the scene. The picture shows a group of teenagers on a 1).................. There are three girls near the front and a boy sitting 2)................. them. Others are sitting at the back. The girls are wearing bright 3) ................ clothes and smiling. They and the boy are 4) ...................... texts or playing games on their mobiles. They all seem to be enjoying themselves so they are probably on a school trip somewhere. I personally find days out like this a welcome 5) ....................from the dull routine! b) In pairs, make your own speculations about the scene. e.g. Where are they going? What are they thinking? How do they feel? c) Describe the photo. 1 2 3 112 Now answer the questions: Do you think the people in the photo are enjoying their travel experience? Why (not)? What was your favourite travel experience? Why? What is your least favourite means of transport? Why?