Английский язык Учебник 7 класс Биболетова Трубанева

М. 3. Биболетова, Н. Н. Трубанева Английский язык Учебник для 7 класса общеобразовательных учреждений Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации к использованию в образовательном процессе в образовательных учреждениях, реализующих образовательные программы общего образования и имеющих государственную аккредитацию (соответствует федеральному государственному образовательному стандарту основного общего образования) И 3 Д А Т т и Е Л т ь с т у в 0 л Т 1 Р и в L т 1 S и Н Е L R S 2014 ББК 81.2Англ-922 Б59 УДК 802.0(075.3) УМК “Английский с удовольствием” / “Enjoy English” (7 класс) состоит из следующих компонентов: • учебника книги для учителя рабочей тетради аудиоприложения (CD MP3) обучающей компьютерной программы По вопросам приобретения УМК “Enjoy English” (7 класс) следует обращаться в издательство „Титул": тел.: (48439) 9-10-09. факс: (48439) 9-10-00, e-mail: [email protected] (книга почтой), [email protected] (оптовые покупатели). У Биболетова М. 3., Трубанева Н. Н. Б59 Английский язык: Английский с удовольствием / Enjoy English: Учебник для 7 кл. общеобраз. учрежд.— Обнинск: Титул, 2014.— 160 с.: ил. ISBN 978-5-86866-599-8 „Английский с удовольствием" (7 класс) продолжает серию учебников с этим же названием и является одним из компонентов УМК для 7-го класса общеобразовательных учреждений, в которых английский язык изучается со 2-го класса. Учебник состоит из 4 уроков, связанных единым сюжетом, который создан специально для подростков 12-13 лет. В основу сюжета легла идея проводимой по Интернету воображаемой международной конференции — соревнования для подростков из разных стран, включая Россию. Тема конференции „Мы живем на одной планете" предполагает, что молодые люди всей планеты смогут обсуджть самые важные для них проблемы. Данная конференция позволяет организовать общение подростков с учетом их опыта и коммуникативных потребностей, а ; ком международного общения в Интернете в данном случае выступает англ] ский, что создает реальную мотивацию для его изучения. Каждый раздел учебника (Unit) включает ряд секций (Sections), которые держат материал для взаимосвязанного обучения всем видам устного и пне ного общения. Учебник соответствует требованиям федерального государственного образовательного стандарта (ФГОС) нового поколения. Учебник может быть использован в составе любой системы учебников., j числе в системе “Школа 2100”. ББКн1.1А.^ ISBN 978-5-86866-599-8 О М. 3. Биболетова, Н. Н. Трубанева. 20С © Издательство "Титул", дизайн. воспЗГ'- Дс © М. 3. Биболетова. Н. Н. Трубанева. 1 2 : О Мзцате.1ьство "Титул", дизайн, во, гсг лслмос с изменениями. 1»сю:с—.sji. 3001. Contents Unit Section Grammar focus Function Vocabulary 1 1. Welcome to the world Present / Past / Future Giving personal information Personal information teenagers’ competition Simple (review) Talking about people The world Stating personal opinion teenagers’ competition Advertising 2. Describing people, Adjectives ending with: Describing people Characteristics Page 6 describing yourself -able / -ible, -ous, -ive, -ful, -y, -ly, -ic, -(i)an, -al, -ing Stating likes / dislikes Free time activities 3. What would you like to Present / Past / Future Giving personal information Personal information change in yourself? Simple Describing positive / Characteristics Present Continuous Tense negative features Present Perfect Tense (review) Once / Twice / Once more Expressing wishes 4. What do you think about Review Giving personal information Global problems your future? Talking about the future Stating personal beliefs Giving reasons and explanations 5. Let’s take our chance Review Describing actions Talking about competitions Advertising Competitions 6. How to read numerals Large numbers; Talking about cities Large numbers and dates 100 — 100,000,000 Dates Making comparisons Cities (descriptions) Adjectives; Degrees of comparison (review) 7. Speaking about famous Д + Д-ing Talking about famous people Biographies people enjoy (love, like, hate, mind, stop, finish, give up) + doing smth Stating beliefs 8. Do you have any Imperative Mood (review) Talking about superstitions Superstitions superstitions? Giving and accepting warnings Giving instructions (good / bad / luck) 9. How can we Word combinations: Talking about means of com- Means of communicate with each each other / one another munication communication other? Describing objects 10. Telephoning each other Review Talking on the telephone Talking on the (saying one’s name; telephone asking to speak to someone; passing the call to the right person; leaving a message) Stating positive / negative features Telephone numbers 11. Why do we use Present / Past / Future Talking about computers Means of computers for Simple (review) Giving reasons and communication communication? explanations Suggesting solutions International words Unit Section Grammar Furvd'or focus Уэссс.кзгу 2 ( Meet the 1. Say “Hello!” to the winners of the international competition “The” with the names of places (continents, countries, cities, towns) IntFodnCMg, .Meeting ре>ж winners of the interr national 2. Talking about countries Adjectives referring to Talking teenagers’ and nationalities languages competition “The” with nationality adjectives Stating j Meeting .!ii«:ix • Page 34 3. People speak English all over the world 4. What do Englishspeaking people think about their countries? Clauses with who / that / which Homophones (review) Synonyms (review) ~paTV-:-j . capttab i -<.'1 Stating an Talking ■; Givinc :: 5. Why study English? 6. How many languages can Nouns ending with -tion / -sion, -er / -or, -ance / -ence, -ment, -ing, -ity, -ist Questions beginning with Ta&mc . Stating Giring =?«№№ Talking abn you speak? “How...” (review) Exptessang f «вж; Giving рокпж; • . . 7. Is Russian an international language? 8. Passive voice Past Simple (review) Passive Voice (Present / Past / Future Simple Passive Voice) Talking 1 Describ ne . le^.TiLLT.-. 9. Round-the-world tour 1. Looking at teenage problems Passive Voice (review) be / look / feel -r adverb / adjective Discussing travelling Giving reasoa- ак explanations Stating likes Making V " Stating persooal Describing ted.o^ ^uc nn piobiems 3 Look at teenage problems: school 2. On the way to school Prepositions (Where to?) It takes ... to do smth Asking the war №«a. problems T^' Ю school education 3. School is fun if you are Modal Verbs Talking about scbooi ьав>ш d^aricteris- Page 62 optimistic! Giving advice with must / have to / should Giving reasons Expressing opinions Giving advice Stating likes dislikes 4. What do you know about school life in English-speaking countries? Review Describing positive / negative features Expressing opinions wishes Describing objects School lisul^ects, teachers, rules) Unit Section Grammar focus Function Vocabulary 5. Would you like to attend a private school? Possessive Pronouns (Absolute Form): mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs Talking about school Making comparisons Giving reasons Describing positive / negative features Education School Uniform 6. Using the Passive Voice Passive Voice (prepositions with / by) Phrasal Verbs Talking about books Phrasal Verbs Books 7. We are not ideal students, are we? Conditional II: If + Past Simple + would (might) + infinitive Talking about punishments Stating rules Discussing possibilities School (Punishments) 8. School friends are for always Complex Object , t smb + to do smth expect j Quarrelling Suggesting solutions Expressing opinions Expressing wishes Characteristics 9. How to tackle our problems? one / ones Talking about youth problems Expressing opinions / wishes Giving warnings Personal problems IV 4 sport is fun 1. Why people do sport Adverbs; formation, classification Talking about sports Expressing opinions Stating likes / dislikes Sport (sports, places) Page too 2. Keeping fit Adverbs: hard / hardly, late / lately, near / nearly, high / highly Describing positive / negative features Discussing possibilities Stating likes / dislikes Keeping fit (sports, healthy / unhealthy food) 3. Health is above wealth Adverbs (review) Past Simple (review) like / hate + doing smth (review) Describing actions Giving advice / wishes Making polite requests Expressing opinions Health 4. Why do people like to compete? Adverbs: Degrees of Comparison Discussing purposes Describing events Making polite invitations Making comparisons Competitions Countries (review) Appendix Grammar reference.................. 124 List of irregular verbs..............131 Pronunciation table..................133 Learning strategies..................134 Cultural guide.......................135 List of personal names...............138 List of geographical names...........139 Vocabulary...........................141 Условные обозначения — упражнение на слушание — работа в парах — работа в группах 1^1 — задание повышенной трудности f^il — работа с Интернетом 1_^ on the Л ^ead _ Same Via*-^ WE LIVE ON THE SAME PLANET IF YOU are over Just answer our. qi UNESCO* offers 50 lucky participants tf>e cr=^cs ^ .-чг =2 —e English-speaking countries absoluiety :3o ч.г ^ 'Т-тПУ: to win the tour just answer the following sns^ ► 1. Can you describe yourself in five 'wo«tSB ' ► 2. What would you most like to cha-ce r ► 3. What’s your motto**? ► 4. How do you see yourself in 10 yrars * •^«e' ► 5. How do you see our planet in 10 years? Send your reply to our e-mail: info@iee-ag Ot » person. 09 2 Listen, read and act out. — Hi, Steve! — Hi, Paul! What’s up? — Could you help me to answer the questions in the World Teenagers’ Competition? — Why? Are the questions so difficult? — For me — yes. You know, my English isn’t so good! — Sure, I’ll help you hut I think it’s a waste of time. * * * — Hello! — Hi, Sandy! It’s Kerry. Would you like to visit all the English-speaking countries of the world? — Of course, I would like to. Have you got any ideas about how to do it? — Come over to my place. Let’s- answer 5 questions of the World Teenagers’ Competition and we’ll soon he going round the world absolutely free. — OK. Let’s give it a try. Let’s take a chance. WORD FOCUS 3 Translate the word combinations. Make up your own sentences using the words. — to try one’s chance (рискнуть, попытать счастья) chance — to take one’s chance (шанс, удача)-----to miss one’s chance (упустить возможность) — to have no chance — It’s a chance in a million. competition (соревнование) luck (удача) - to take part in different kinds of competitions - to win a competition to lose a competition -to be in luck (везти) -to be out of luck (не везти) - Good luck! 4 Discuss with your partner if you would like to try your chance in the Teenagers’ Competition. Use: try / take my / your chance, be in luck, win the prize, test my/your English, find many new friends, miss my / your chance, it’s worth trying, it’s interesting to win something for nothing; have no chance, it’s a chance in a million, too many participants, be out of luck, it’s boring, hate losing, can’t use the Internet; waste of time, in my opinion, as for me, I believe. 5 Read the information about British teenagers. Do your classmates have these characteristics? Discuss in pairs. Today’s teenagers are called “The New Wave Young”, because they: — want to work hard and be successful; — are independent; — respect adults; — think that money is very important. Use: 1) I agree with...; Yes, I think so, too; I disagree with...; I have a different opinion; Nonsense. 2) sociable, industrious, curious, intelligent, creative, clever, kind, serious, friendly, hardworking, polite, rude, cruel, silly, lazy, impolite, naughty, unfriendly, shy, cunning. Section 2 ^Describing people^ describing y^urse^ ___________________________________________________________________________________ *'OfiD FOCUS Adjectives ending with -able/-ible, -ous, -ive, -ful, -y, -ly, -ic, -al, I 6 Listen, read, translate and remember. -able/-ible sociable, enjoyable, hospitable, unforgettable, possible, responsible -ous industrious, curious, serious, humorous, nervous, famous, dangerous, deticsoas -ive creative, talkative, expensive, impressive -ful careful, wonderful, beautiful, useful, helpful, successful -y lazy, busy, naughty, funny, dirty, noisy -ly friendly, lovely, unfriendly -ic energetic, fantastic, exotic, historic, scientific -al cultural, musical, classical, typical, international, chemical, historical -(i)an Russian, Italian, American, African -ing boring, cunning, hardworking, loving, English-speaking -less homeless, careless, useless, helpless 7 Read the words. Find adjectives (the suf fixes can help you to recognize the adjectives). Translate them. Use the dictionary if necessary. Enjoy, enjoyment, enjoyable; 1 ^ create, creation, creative, creativity, creator; beauty, beautiful; science, scientist, scientific; —— — — — — — — — —— «— — — — — Ш i use, user, useful, using, useless; friendship, friendly, friend, unfriendly; • care, careful, careless; impression, impress, ' impressive, impressionism; 11,^ ^ talk, talker, talkative, talking; . | ______ help, helper, helpful, helpless; love, lovely, loving; ______________________________________________ Russia, Russian; history, historical, historic; 9 Complete the sentences. music, musical, musician. Example: A person who likes to talk a lot is talkative. ----------------------------------------------- 1. A person who is nervous in the company of 8 Make up adjectives. Use the table given others is ... . above if necessary. Translate the adjectives. 2. A person who produces new and original id68$ is a) to enjoy, to forget, to create, to talk, . . u .. u • ^ , 3. A person who likes to be with others is ... . to impress, to help; . . , luj- , ,, . 4. A person who works hard is ... . b) humor, danger, care, music, wonder, history, . , .. .. i ■ , ° , г 1 ’ 5. A person who wants to learn IS ... . curiosity, love, science, beauty, friend, use; ^ c) America, Italy, Africa, India, Australia. ^ ’ ’’ ’ parents are ... . 7. A person who doesn’t like to work is ... . 8. A person who is very unkind is ... . stay at home, like to be alone, draw funny pictures, have a cup of tea, eat tasty things, cry, shout, go to bed, read books / magazines / newspapers, listen to classical music/ to rock/ to pop music, play jokes, arrange a party, have a picnic, play the piano (the guitar), dance, go to disco, play football (tennis), watch TV / CD-films, play with my pet, talk with my friends, chat in the Internet etc. Я1 b) Find out what your friend does in the same situation. Report the answer. Example: When my friend is nervous, he usually thinks up puzzles. ^3 1 1 Think of 3 nouns, 3 verbs, 3 adjectives to describe your friend. Show your notes to your friend. Does he / she agree with you? Timothy: a student, a son, a brother; to run, to Clare: a student, a friend, a swimmer; to travel, laugh, to watch TV; funny, lazy, naughty. to change, to dance; independent, nice, sociable. 12 Are you sure that you know yourself? Qive “Yes” or “No” answers to the questions. Score your points. Read about yourself. Yes No 1. Do you value friendship? 1 0 2. Do new things attract you? 1 0 3. Do you prefer old clothes to new ones? 1 0 4. Do you often pretend to be happy? 0 1 5. Have you dreamed of more than three different jobs when you were a child? 0 1 6. Do you lose self-confidence (уверенность в себе) when you have to solve a difficult problem? 0 1 7. Do you collect anything? 1 0 8. Do you often change your plans at the last moment? 0 1 Total: If your score is more than 6, you are a person of good character. Your parents, teachers, friends love you. If your score is 6, your mood (настроение) changes quickly. So it’s quite difficult to communicate with you. If you want to be lucky always take a chance. If your score is less than 3, believe in yourself and your abilities. You should trust (доверять) people and try to find a true friend. Section 3 I What would you like to changeji^^^ 13 Do you like yourself? Tell your partner what you’d like or wouldn’t like to change in yourself. Use: 1) lose (gain) weight, get a new haircut, change the colour of my hair, look older, look cool (modern, fashionable), dress well, be more athletic; 2) get smarter, improve my memory, become more sociable / independent / less talkative / less shy / less lazy; 3) have a good friend, get along with parents / older (younger) brothers or sisters / teachers / classmates. 14 Read the short paragraph about New Year Resolutions. Say if you have ever made any New Year Resolutions. Have any of them come true? In Britain a lot of people make New Year Resolutions on the evening of December 31st. For example, “I’ll go in for sports twice a week,” or “I’ll try to get along with my little brother.” But there’s a problem. Most people forget their New Year Resolutions on January 2nd. GRAMMAR FOCUS 15 Read and remember. Make up your own sentences using the words. once one time однажды twice two times дважды — ■ three times трижды — four times четырежды — many times много раз once more one more time еще раз Example; 1. We’ve met only once. 2. She plays tennis twice a week. 3. Try your chance once more. !B 17 Find out what tout classmates would like to change in themsefres in the New School Year. Names of your classmates \\Ъаг wxNild Ъе / she like to change in himself/ herself? 1 6 Complete the sentences. Try to be honest. Id like to ^ ...once a year. ^ ...twice a week. ^ ...twice a month. ^ ...many times. ^ ...once more. 10 1 8 Read the following mottos. Which of them do you like? Why? What motto could be your mother’s / father’s / friend’s / sister’s etc? Think of your own motto. V X BE HAPPY! DON ^ WORRYl GRAMMAR FOCUS 19 Read and remember. Russian English Tense 1) Я часто пишу письма друзьям. I often write letters to my friends. Present Simple 2) Я сейчас пишу письмо другу. Пожалуйста, подождите минуточку. I’m writing a letter to my friend at the moment. Please wait a minute. Present Continuous (Progressive) 3) я уже написала письмо. Мы можем идти. I have already written the letter. We can go. Present Perfect 4) Я вчера написала письмо в Англию. I wrote a letter to Britain yesterday. Past Simple 5) Я обязательно напишу тебе завтра. I’ll write a letter to you tomorrow by all means. Future Simple 20 Complete the sentences. Example: Listen! He ... the saxophone (play).— Listen! He is playing the saxophone. 1. I am afraid he ... already ... his chance (miss). 2. Our students ... part in the competition the day after tomorrow (take). 3. Yesterday the boys ... the game (lose). 4. Where is Steve? — He is in his room. He ... (sleep). 5. He always ... his niece with her homework (help). 6. Next time you ... the prize (win). 7. Martin never takes part in competitions. He ... competitions (hate). 8. I ... Jill’s telephone number, so I cannot call her (forget). ^3 21 Complete the dialogues. Act them out. a) Use: the Present Simple or the Present Continuous Tense. — What ... (do) you now? — I ... (answer) the questions of the Teenagers’ Competition at the moment. — Are the questions difficult? — Not for me. We often ... (answer) similar questions in our English lessons. b) Use: the Past Simple or the Present Perfect Tense. — ... (take part) in the competition recently? — Yes, I ... (try) my chance two weeks ago. — ... (win) you the competition? — No, I ... (not). But it was worth trying. 1 1 Section 4 ЙЭ11 ^hat do you think about your furure^? 22 Listen to two students talking about their future. Fill in the table. Ann Robert Appearance Job Family House / Flat Free time 23 Describe how you see yourself in ten years’ time. Listen to your classmates’ stories. 24 Read how four students see our planet in 10 years. Who do you agree with? Martin: I’m really optimistic about the future. Just think about the progress in different areas. Medicine and electronic technology, space discoveries, for example. One day. I’m sure, there will be cures for AIDS and cancer (лекарства против СПИДа и рака). And no drugs, of course. Isabel: I aiafraid of the future. Everything is changing so quickly. Bombs, pollution, dangerous technologies, a lot of crime, terrorism, new serious diseases ... and who’s responsible for it all? I think this century could be a really dangerous time. Phil: I don’t care about the future. What’s the point of thinking about it? I’m young. I just want to go out with my friends, play football and have a good time. I can’t change much in this world until I grow up. Henry: In ten years? I’m looking forward to it. I think it’s going to be the age of communication. Computer science has developed so fast. Scientists and computers are going to control everything. Students will study at home using the Internet. Let’s wait and see. 12 25 Match the students and their thoughts: 1. Martin 2. Isabel 3. Phil 4. Henry a) In my opinion there will be a lot of problems. b) As for me I have no idea. c) One day. I’m sure, computers and science will change people’s life. d) I believe that there will be great progress in technology and medicine. 4 m 26 Look through the texts in Ex. 24. Find and read aloud the international words used in them. PRONUNCIATION FOCUS Ш 27 Listen and read the words. Mind the stress. First syllable: 'clever, 'serious, 'talkative, 'cunning, 'naughty, 'teenager, 'student, 'adult, 'sociable, curious, tolerant. Second syllable: in'dustrious, in telligent, creative, po'lite, un'friendly, un'lucky, com municate, your'self Third syllable: inde pendent, maga zine, inter national. 28 Discuss what you think about the future. How do you see our planet in 10 years? Use: 1) It seems to me that...; In my opinion...; As I see it...; I believe that...; 2) to be optimistic, to make progress, to change people’s life, to have a lot in common, to have more jobs, to travel, to make friends with, to save endangered animals, to travel in space, to study at home using the Internet, to have a cure for most diseases etc; 3) to be afraid of, to be tired of, to have a lot of serious problems, to have new dangerous diseases, to have pollution, to have a lot of crime / terrorism, to have new local wars etc; 4) to have no idea, I don’t care, it’s useless to think about the future, can’t change much, to rest, to relax, to have a good time, to have / to solve everyday problems etc. 29 Answer the Teenagers’ Competition questions. Write down your answers. Mini-project: Thinking about your future 30 Work m groups. w* 1. Choose one of the ideas given in Ex. 28 (I’m looking forward to the future; The future frightens me; I don’t care about the future). 2. Discuss and write down your arguments or draw a poster proving your chosen stand. 3. Tell your classmates about your stand. Explain and justify your choice. Can you describe yourself in five words? What would you most like to change in yourself? What’s your motto? How do you see yourself in 10 years’ time? How do you see our planet in 10 years? 13 Section 5 Llet'stake our chance ------- 31 Read the texts quickly. У i;„r«ouM be inters,.ng for. you young actors young writers youni photographers your friend ^ber one will be Example: taking interesting tor me. , ENTER OUR WRITING COMPETITION, Win €1,000 and get your story published. Every month you read true stories in our magazine. Here’s your chance to tell your story — or interview a friend and write his / her story. The story must be between 750-2,000 words, and it must be true. The deadline /Аграйний срок) is January 30. We’ choose a grand prize winner (€1,000 and his/ her story published), a first prize winner (€850) and a second prize winner (€500). The winners’ names will be announced in our May issue. Send by e-mail your story and your name, address, phone number and age to WRITING CONTEST 65, Old Kent Road, London, UK. Good luck — and get started! U Poetry Competition The International library of Poetry has just announced an Intematioo** Poetry Competition. There vvill be eight competitioos tins year open to all young poets Anyone may enter the «япрешпоо amph' by sending in only one ongmai poem on any subject to The IntematioMl Ubcaiy of Poetry Dept. 61995 Freeport Loa 2229 SittiMstMHne ^ Kent MEW 3BR The poem shoold be no ore than twenty lines, and the poet s name and address must be on the top of the paae. There is a Grand Prize (£1,2001. ten Second Prizes (£"50 each) and 59 Third Prize presents. The poems of all 70-prize winners be published as a coUectioo. Write and ask for further information. Win tickets to see IITD®'^ ©И This autumn Disney on Ice returns to the UK for the seventh year. Our 14 readers have a chance to see the wonderful show with their family absolutely free. For the chance to win a family ticket (for four people), just answer the following simple question, fill in the form and send it to: Disney on Ice Competition Shout Magazine P.O. Box 503 London NW1 1TX Good Luck! Question. For how many years has Disney on Ice been visiting Britain? Answer:. Name: Address: Age:_____ Phone No: Signature of parent: The deadline is October 31. Good luck! PRONUNCIATION FOCUS 32 Read the texts again. Answer the questions. 1. For which competition (or competitions) should you: answer questions? fill in an entry form? write a story? use the Internet? call up somebody? 2. In which competition (or competitions) could you win: a family ticket? €1,000? a present? a tour? a camera bag? 3. Which prize would you like to win? Why? 33 Listen and read the words. [w] ^ [h] what while who where whale whom why white whose when wheat whole which wheel 34 Have you ever taken part in any competition? Tell your classmates about it. Use these questions as a plan: 1. What kind of competition was it? 2. When and where did it take place? 3. What did you do? 4. Did you win or lose? 5. Did you enjoy the competition? Use: try my chance, take part in / enter competition, be nervous / excited, get through to the final, win / lose the competition, it’s worth trying, be in / out of luck, too many participants, find new friends, enjoy participating Mini-project: Creating a new competition S 35 Work in groups. Create your own competition. Think about prizes. Write down the advert. Tell your classmates about it. Invite them to try their chances. Section 6 I ^How to read numerals and dates GRAMMAR FOCUS 36 Listen, read and remember. 100 — a (one) hundred 102 — a (one) hundred and two 135 — a (one) hundred and thirty-five 200 — two hundred 300 — three hundred 1.000 — a (one) thousand 1.001 — a (one) thousand and one 1,100 — a thousand one hundred, or one thousand one hundred, or eleven hundred 1,675'— a (one) thousand six hundred and seventy-five 2.000 — two thousand 2,338 — two thousand three hundred and thirty-eight 100.000 — a (one) hundred thousand 1.000. 000 — a (one) million 1.000. 000.000 — a (one) hillion 1. Hundred, thousand, million не имеют окончания мн. ч. “-s”, когда перед ними стоят числительные two, three, four и т. д. 2. Каждые три разряда справа налево отделяются запятой: 1,975. 3. При счете от 1000 до 2000 англичане нередко считают сотнями. 4. Годы читаются следующим образом: 1945 — nineteen forty-five 1812 — eighteen twelve 1700 — seventeen hundred 1904 — nineteen hundred and four (or nineteen oh four) 2000 — two thousand 2012 — two thousand and twelve or twenty twelve 37 Say the following numerals: 156; 234; 375; 408; 591; 639; 702; 871; 948; 1,000; 1,723; 1,093; 2,568; 3,000; 5,000,000 38 Match the numbers and the transcription. 11; 13; 18; 20; 33; 94; 100; 5,000; 300,000 [o'hAndnd], [ twenti], ['nainn foe]. ['9з:п'9п;]. [faiv 'Bauzand], [.ertiin], [,03:'trn]. [rtevan], [0ri: 'hAndnd 'Bauzand] 39 Name three important dates for you and your family. Example: 1975 — My mother was bom in 1975. 2000 — My family left (переехала} for Vologda in 2000. LONDON [Ivndan] Founded: 43 Population: 8,000,000 Area: 1,706.8 sq km Rainfall: 584 mm Winter temperature: +4 °C Summer temperature: -i-18°C MOSCOW ['mnskau] Founded: 1147 Population: 11,700,000 Area: 1,081 sq km Rainfall: 700 mm Winter temperature: -10°C Summer temperature: -i-20°C WASHINGTON (D. C.) [Чуп/п)1ап] Founded: 1790 Population: 600,000 Area: 200 sq km Rainfall: 981 mm Winter temperature: -i-3°C Summer temperature; -18°C 16 40 Look at the facts about London, Washington, Moscow, Wellington, Sydney, Ottawa. Answer the questions. 1. Which city is the biggest / the smallest? 2. Which city is the oldest / the youngest? 3. Which city is the driest / the wettest? 4. Which city has the coldest summer / the warmest winter? 5. Which city has the biggest / smallest population? 6. What are these cities famous for? See the Cultural Guide. OTTAWA ['ntawa] Founded: 1820 Population: 875,000 Area: 4,662 sq km Rainfall: 873 mm Winter temperature: -11 °C Summer temperature: -i-21°C WELLINGTON ['weliptan] Founded: 1839 Population: 460,000 Area: 289.9 sq km Rainfall: 1,445 mm Winter temperature: -i-16°C Summer temperature: -i-8°C SYDNEY ['sidni] Founded: 1788 Population: 4,280,000 Area: 12,145 sq km Rainfall: 1,217 mm Winter temperature: -i-25°C Summer temperature: -1-16.2 °C 41 Just joking. Read and choose the funniest joke. 1) Martin showed his daybook to his grandfather. “When I was at school, I always had a ‘five’ in History and you have a ‘four’,” said the grandfather. “You see, Grandad, when you were at school, history was shorter,” was the answer. 2) Teacher: Can you tell me anything about the great chemists (химики) of the 17th century? Pupil (after thinking for some time): They are all dead, sir. 3) Teacher: How old is the person who was born in 1951? Pupil: Please, sir, is it a man or a woman? 4) Teacher: Where did Admiral Nelson win his last victory? Pupil: On page 127. 17 Section 7 Pl^Speaking about famous peopje Ш 42 Listen and read the dialogue. Answer the questions: 1. Who was the quiz about? 2. Who won this round: Keith or Lindsay? Quiz master: His father was an English aristocrat. He was born in a palace. Keith Quiz master Lindsay Quiz master Keith Quiz master Lindsay Quiz master Keith Quiz master Lindsay Quiz master When his country needed him, he was there. Did he live in this century? No, in the last one and the nineteenth century, too. Was he a soldier? No, he wasn’t a soldier. Did he work in the government? Yes, he worked in government. Was he a politician? Yes, he was. Was he Prime Minister during the Second World War? Yes, he was Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945. And his name was Winston Churchill. That is correct. Well done! 43 Do you know anything else about Winston Churchill? Share the information with your classmates. See the Cultural Guide ipage 1351. or use the Internet. 44 Read the text and say what Andrei Sakharov is famous for. Andrei Sakharov was born in 21 May, 1921 in Moscow. After graduating from Moscow State University in 1942 he started his work in physics^ Bv the age of 32 he was one of the world’s most famous scientists who lived in Russia. In 1953 A. Sakharov became the youngest academician in Russia. Unlike manv scientists A. Sakharov realised advantages and disadvantages of technical progress in modern world. And at the end of the 50s he decided to devote himself to fighting against future atomic wars. He was also one of those who founded the Moscow Committee on Human Rights. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. In December 1987 Sakharov participated in the International Conference against atomic wars. The Conference took place in Moscow. A. Sakharov started his official career as a member of Russian Parliament in 1987. A. Sakharov is the author of several books on progress and freedom all over the world. He died on the 14 of December, 1989. Now, many years after A. Sakharov’s death people still remember him and share his ideas. 45 Speak about the most important facts of A. Sakharov’s biography. 1921 1942 1953 he was born. 1975 — 1987 — 1989 1 8 S46 Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions about any famous person you can see in the picture in the bottom of the page. Use the quiz in Ex. 42 as a model. GRAMMAR FOCUS: A + A-ING 47 Remember: these verbs are followed by verb + -ing. enjoy love like hate mind stop finish give up 1. Her daughters enjoy dancing. 2. Stop talking^! 3. Do you like drivtng^ 4. Have you finished cleaning your room? 5. 1 am afraid he’ll give up studyitig^ French. 6. Would you mind opening the window? 7. I love sitting^ in the garden. 8. My little brother hates drinking hot milk. 48 Make up sentences. L- ' My friend My brother/sister My teachers People like(s) enjoy(s) stop(s) gave up don’t / doesn’t mind love(s) hate(s) making friends speaking English using computer taking part in competitions killing animals thinking up puzzles playing computer games playing jokes shouting watching video asking silly questions having a picnic arranging a party 49 Complete the sentences. Example: At weekends I like reading magazines and newspapers, (read) 1. Would you mind ... the door? (close) 2. Is she going to give up ... tennis? (play) 3. I’ll have a cup of tea when I’ve finished ... the letter, (write) 4. The great painter enjoyed ... in this park, (walk) 5. She doesn’t like .... (travel) 6. Could you please stop ...? (laugh) 7. My nephew hates ... by heart, (learn) 50 Make up sentences, using the verbs: enjoy, like, stop, love, give up, hate, finish, mind and -ing. Example: learn English English. 1. take pictures 2. play computer games 3. turn the radio down 4. cry 5. make friends 6. play with my dog 7. take part in competitions 8. lose 9. win Mini-project: Famous people I enjoy learning Section 8 jl^Do you have any superstitions? 52 Do you believe in good luck and bad . luck? Most people in the world have some superstitions. These are a few British ‘ superstitions. . i • GOOD LUCK 1. Black cats are lucky. 2. On the first day of the month it’s lucky to say “white rabbits”. 3. Catch falling leaves in autumn and you’ll have good luck. Every leaf means a lucky month in the next year. 4. If you see two magpies ['maegpaiz] (сороки), you’ll be happy. BAD LUCK 1. Never open an umbrella in the house. 2. Never break a mirror — that means 7 years’ bad luck. 3. Don’t go past somebody on the stairs. 4. The number 13 is very unlucky (and Friday the 13th is a very unlucky date). 5. Don’t walk under a ladder ['Iseda] (лестница). 53 Listen to the story. As you listen, complete the following sentences. The first letters of the missing words will help you. 1. You look s... and tired. W... happened? 2. We were o... of 1... yesterday. 3. It’s usually a very u... day, isn’t it? 4. But the other team w... . 5. Or maybe they don’t believe in s... . 54 Do you have any superstitions? Tell your classmates about one of them. Use: touch wood, cross fingers, wear a charm [tfa:m] (амулет), kill a spider (паук), hate the number 13, have horseshoe over the door, look for a fourleaf clover I'klauva] (клевер). В 55 Work in groups. Make a list of Russian superstitions. Share your lists. 56 Find out what superstitioas ■ >_r classmates believe in. Fill in Names of your classmates belies es in ... □ 57 Read the phrases. Remember ho»r to gjv( and to accept warnings. • Watch out! • Be careful! • Be careful! Nev'er open an umbreOa in the house.— Don’t worry, I won’t • Don’t forget to say "white rabbits" tomorrow • It’ll be the first of Februaiy.— Don t worry, I will. • Watch out! Don’t break the mirror.— OK. I’ll be careful 58 Work in pairs. Use the notes below to warn competition participants. Example: • Be careful! Keep your fingers crossed when you answer the question.— OK. I will. • Watch out! Don’t kill spiders before the con petition.— All right. I’ll be careful. 20 59 Read the text. Name at least 3 special things people do on Hallowe’en. Hallowe’en О 1 October is Hallowe’en. This festival J X celebrates tbe return of tbe souls (душ) of tbe dead wbo come back to visit places where they lived. In tbe evening there are lots of Hallowe’en parties. People dress up as witches, ghosts, devils, cats or bats. Houses are decorated with pumpkins (тыквы) with candles inside them. Some children follow the American custom called Trick or Treat. They knock at your house and ask, “Trick or treat?” If you give some money or some sweets (a treat), they go away. If not, they can play a trick on you, like splashing water in your face. No Hallowe’en party is complete without a scary ['skeori] (страшная) story. Usually people crowd together around a fire on Halloween night. And one person tells a scary story in a low voice. 60 Complete the sentences. Use the text in Ex. 59. 1. Hallowe’en is on the .... 2. People dress up as .... 3. Houses are decorated with .... 4. Some children knock at the house and ask 5. If you don’t give any money or sweets, they 6. People usually tell ... on Hallowe’en night. 61 The instructions for the Hallowe’en lantern (фонарь) are mixed up. Put them in the correct order. — Cut two eyes, a nose and a mouth on one side of the pumpkin. — Cut the top and the bottom of the pumpkin. — Take out the pulp (мякоть) from inside the pumpkin. — Put “the head” over the candle and light the candle. — Stand a candle in the bottom piece of the pumpkin. ^ В 62 Work in groups. Write a scary story for ' Hallowe’en night. Draw some pictures for it. Share with your classmates. Section 9 How con we communicate with each other? a 63 Look at the picture. Listen and repeat the words. Say how you usually communicate with your friends in your place (city / town / village). By phone, mobile phone computer / the Internet letters / postcards e-mail 64 Listen, read and remember. telegraph, elephant, telephone, ph photographer, photo, physics, phrase, physical, dolphin [f]—|— gh enough, laugh, laughter, tough f formal, careful, first, prefer, four 65 Read texi. Answer the faflpn ьте) it. mm"* 1. Wliat means Ы ггупцд-ч.-д: ктч were used to send messages twier ioog a disk ^ a CD-ROM G * 86 Read what four people think about computers. Who do you agree with? Why? Clare (17): *I really enjoy using my computer. It’s so interesting. I can make new friends and chat with them on the Internet. Now I have two close friends from Italy and Canada. Next summer we are going to meet in Paris and spend a week together visiting museums and painting. Painting is our hobby. Besides, the Internet helps me in my studies. I can find the necessary information and ideas on the Internet and then use it in my work. Jason (12): I’m learning how to use the computer. It’s very important for me because I want to be a computer programmer. I enjoy playing computer games. It’s so exciting. Sometimes I am lucky and sometimes I am not, but I hate losing and try my chances again and again. Mr O’Neal (their father): Computers offer wonderful opportunities for everybody. But I think that young people spend too much time using computers. They don’t have time (and sometimes wish) for communication with their relatives and friends, for reading, sport and other traditional hobbies. Computers are dangerous and addictive (вызывают привыкание). Mrs O’Neal (their mother): I hate computers. Children sit in front of them for hours. It’s bad for their eyes. They can’t stop playing cruel and silly games. They become nervous, angry and tired. Computers are a waste of time. Children use them only for games and don’t really learn anything. 87 Look through the texts. Find and read the international words used in them. 88 Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue and dramatize it. 1. You are playing an interesting computer game. But you haven’t done your homework. Your mother is angry. She wants you to stop playing. 2. Your friend is fond of computer games. He spends all the time playing. Ask him to go for a walk with you / to play football in the afternoon / to go to the school party. 89 Say, who needs computers, telephones, fax (machines), e-mail for their everyday activities. What for? Example: Doctors need telephones. People can phone for ambulance or call the doctor. 90 Work in groups. a) Choose the most important means of communication. b) Discuss and write down its advantages. c) Tell your classmates about your choice. Explain your choice. Homework к A 1 Make up as many word combinations as possible using the words in two boxes. Example: lucky people lucky, free, English-speaking, simple, Round-the-World tasks, visits, competitions, people, friends, countries, participants, journey, questions, years, time, chance, tour 2 Complete the sentences. Write them down. Example: I would like to win the Teenagers’ Competition because I dream to visit some English-speaking country next year. 1. I would like to improve my language because... 2. I am looking for a chance to visit an Englishspeaking country because... 3. I would like to see myself in ten years’ time because... 4. I dream of making a lot of new friends because... 5. I hope to win Round-the-World tour because... 3 Answer any three questions from the advertisement in written form. — Not yet. But Id like to ... chance and to ... the competition. — OK ...! 3. — Mum, do you think I should take part in our maths competition? — Of course, you should. Don’t...! You can go abroad absolutely free. It’s ... million. 5 Think of the opposites of the following word combinations. Write them down. Example: to have a chance — to have no chance to be in luck — ... to win a competition — ... to try your chance — ... to lose a game — ... to be interesting — ... to have the same opinion — ... to disagree with — ... 6 Make up your own story or a dialogue with your partner about participation in the Teenagers’ Competition. Write it down. Use the expressions from the above exercises. 19 7 Complete the story. ^ . can you .lesCbo you^ - ^Гусига^П 3. Whafs yoot mo in Ю years time. ; tr': Гои SVur Planet in 10 yearso 4 Complete the dialogues. Use the word combinations from Ex. 3 on page 7. 1. — Hi, Jim! Why are you so sad? — I was ... yesterday. I ... my chess competition. 2. — Listen! Have you answered the questions of the Teenagers’ Competition? What can I say about teenagers in Russia? They are serious,... Their popular hobbies are... In my opinion they have a great future! They never miss their chance,... 8 Do Ex. 8 on page 8 in written form. 9 Find nouns in Ex. 7 on page 8. Write them down. Underline their suffixes. Give two more words with the same suffix. Example: enjoyment, development, monument 1 0 Complete the sentences. Use Ei. 9 on page 8 as a model. A person who ... is heljrfuL A person who ... is energetic. People who ... are Australians. People who ... are hospitaNe. Situations which ... are ' 28 1 1 Fill in the missing information. Write it down. When I am unhappy I usually arrange a party. When my mum is she often... When my English teacher is she / he sometimes... When adults are they often have a picnic. When ... is / are 1 2 Write down things that you would like to change about yourselh I would like to change my name... to become strong... to be taller... to have... to be... 1 3 Do Ex. 16 on page 10 in written form. Example: I’d like to travel to Europe once a year. 14 Think of your own motto. If you don’t have any, invent it! Write it down. Give your reasons why you’ve chosen it. I 5 Do Ex. 21 on page 11 in written form. 1 6 Find in the texts (Ex. 24 on page 12) and write down the English words having similar pronunciation to some words in your own language. 1 7 Complete the sentences. Use the information in Ex. 24 on page 12. V, Example: optimistic [.npti'mistik] Г T t Hi 1. Martin is optimistic about the future because... 2. Isabel is afraid of the future because... 3. Phil doesn’t care about the future because... 4. Henry is looking forward to the future because... 1 8 Translate into English. Use Martin’s, Isabel’s, Phil’s and Henry’s stories for help. 1. Я думаю, что через 10 лет компьютеры будут все контролировать. 2. Надеюсь, что в будущем будут изобретены средства от СПИДа и рака. 3. Мне безразлично, что случится в будущем. Какой смысл думать об этом сейчас? 4. Я не боюсь будущего. Я думаю, что люди будут добрее и во многих областях науки наступит прогресс. 5. Кто ответственен за загрязнение окружающей среды, болезни, войны и опасные технологии? 6. Мне бы хотелось изменить этот мир к лучшему. 1 9 what’s your opinion about the future? Express it in written form. Try to be optimistic. Use the vocabulary from Ex. 28 on page 13. 29 20 Look back at the texts in Ex. 31 on pages 14-15. Copy into your exercise book: a) all expressions with the verb “get”. Give Russian equivalents to each expression. Example: will get a great camera case — получит замечательный футляр для фотоаппарата b) all combinations of two nouns. Give their Russian equivalents. Example: phone number — номер телефона 21 Fill in the form. Question. For how many years has Disney on Ice been visiting Britain? Answer: Name: Address:_ Age: Phone No: Signature of parent: The deadline is October 31. Good luck! 22 Do Ex. 34 on page 15 in written form. 23 Write down the numerals in Ex. 37 on page 16. Example: 156 — a (one) hundred and fifty-six. 24 Do Ex. 39 on page 16 in written form. 25 Find and write the information about the place where you live. Use the following guidelines: What’s the name of your place (village / town / city)? When was it founded? What is its population? What is the typical temperature in winter / summer? Any other geographical or historical facts... 26 School life is full of iokes. Norite down your favourite one. 27 What questions would you ask your partner to find out what she / he know-s about W Churchill? Write them down. Use the Cultural Guide (page 135). 28 Do Ex. 46 on page 19 in written form. 29 Look at the picture in the bottom of the pages 18-19. Choose any of the famous people in it. Find the information about her / him. Write it down in English. Use the text about Andrei Sakharov as a model. Use the Internet. 30 Do Ex. 50 on page 19 in written form. 31 Answer the questions. Give your reasons. Example: 1 stopped playing ice hockey this autumn because 1 had a problem with my right knee. 1. What did you stop doing this autumn? 2. What would you like to start doing after the New Year? 3. What do you hate doing at home? 4. \Vhat would vou give up doing in future? 32 .Make a list of vour family superstitions for good luck and had luck. Good luch Earing bus ticket which has the same figure in the beg^ining and in the end of it. Bad luck: Breaking a minoL 30 33 Complete the dialogues. Write them down. 1. — ... to catch falling leaves! — Why? — You’ll have a ...! 2. — Watch out! ... — I know. It means 7 year’s bad luck. 3. — Don’t ... a ladder! — Don’t worry, I won’t. 34 Write your own short dialogues with warnings. Mention the superstitions typical in Russia. Use Ex. 57 and 58 on page 20 as a model. 35 Put in prepositions if needed. The British celebrate Hallowe’en ... the 31... October. They believe that ... that day the souls ... the dead return ... places ... where they lived. People decorate their houses ... pumpkins, dress ... as witches, ghosts, devils, cats or bats. ... the evening there are a lot... Hallowe’en parties. It’s hard to imagine a party ... a scary story told ... a low voice ... Hallowe’en night. 38 Match the words in two columns. Write down as many combinations as possible. Example: to talk across seas Hi 36 Everyone has his/her personal superstitions. Write a scary story about one of them. Start like this: In fact I don’t believe in superstitions. But one day... 37 Copy the words. Circle a letter or letters giving the sound [f]. Underline the two words which don’t contain this sound. Physics, fireplace, telephone, first, through, enough, Africa, photographer, giraffe, myself, «off, laugh, phrase, tough, performance, nephew, scientific, telegraph, though, soft, phone, fantastic to talk to become to invent to use to send to carry to open to serve to reach a special code clients longer and longer across seas a coast-to-coast line long messages the electric telegraph by telephone words over the telegraph smoke of fires voices for centuries long distance communication 39 Put in each other or otte another. 1. They didn’t understand .... 2. We’d like to talk to.... Could you wait for us a few minutes? 3. The twins usually live with ... and help .... 4. Why are you looking at ... ? Would you like to tell me anything? 5. In a team people have to support.... 6. Do you write letters to ...? — Not very often. 7. Language helps us to communicate with.... 40 Make up and write down a telephone dialogue between: a) two old ladies watching the same soap opera; b) a boy and his friend’s parents; c) two teenagers speaking about their hobbies. Use the following phrases: This is ... . Can I speak to ..., please? Hang on a moment. Can you tell her / him ... called? Can you ask him / her to call me back? It’s great! No problem. Touch wood. Keep your fingers crossed. 41 Write down in words five telephone numbers of your close friends and relatives. Example: 2573314 — two five seven double three one four. 31 42 Look back at the text in Ex. 78 on page 25. Write down five questions you’d ask a Londoner about famous telephone boxes. 43 Do Ex. 82 on page 25 in written form. 44 Put in prepositions if needed. About ten years ago telephone was the only means ... communication which people could use ... their home. ... present computers make our life much more comfortable. Now we can send messages ... each other ... fax, e-mail or communicate ... the Internet. Those who have the Internet can communicate not only ... people. They can get ... information ... any library all over the world. H45 In Ex. 85 on page 26 yon can find some words having similar pronunciation in Russian, for example, monitor — монитор. Make a list of similar “computer” words. Use a dictionary and your textbook on information technology. 46 Read again the opinions of the O’Neils (Ex. 86 on page 27). Make a list of advantages and disadvantages of computer: Advantages: you can make new friends... Disadvantages: you don’t have time for real communication with your friends... H 47 Do Ex. 89 on page 27 in written form. 48 What would your parents say about teenagers using computers? Write it down. Use Ex. 86 on page 27 as a model. Key vocabulary 1 Nouns: chance communication competition luck means phone / mobile phone planet tour winner USB flash drive X 1 Verbs: believe hate lose mind phone win mean Adverbs / Adjectives lucky twice unlucky 1 Expressions and word combinations: be in / out of luck by means of each other Good luck! have (no) chance It’s a chance in a million. Its worth doing smth. means of communication miss ones chance once more one another take one's chance try one’s chance waste of time 32 Progress check I Fill in the blanks with the following words. Lse only one word in each space. port, world, chance, luck, have, in, win, million, bck\', round, worth, prize, competition, miss -ello, Mike! I am in Austraiia. It's great. A iot of sunshine and fresh air, parrots and other "antastic birds, warm water and beaches. You are surprised to get my message, aren't you? As you know iast summer I tried my ... and took ... in the Worid Teenagers' Competition, ft was a chance in a .... But it was ... trying to ... something for nothing. I was ... iuck and won the .... Now I and 49 other ... winners wiii travei the worid. I enjoy visiting new piaces and finding new friends aii over the .... I wiii send you postcards from the countries which we are going to visit. But you aiso ... a chance to visit them. ~ake part in the same ... next year. Don't ... your chance. Good .... Best wishes, Pete 2 Make all the changes and additions ■ecessary to create sentences from ■Jie following sets of words and word combinations. Be careful with grammar tenses. 'Sample: They / be going to / not / take part / в the competition.— They aren’t going to take cart in the competition. L We / be out of luck / yesterday and / lose the game. Z. Her elder sister is 13. But/she/ not/believe in superstitions. She / try her chance / next year? i The girl / already / phone / the hospital. 5- The students / be going to / use the Internet? 3 The word in capitals above each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way. Example: FRIEND Her family is close and_— Her family is close and friendly. 1. DANGER I I It was a ... tour. 2. CARE Be ...! Don’t break the mirror! 3. NOISE The hall was full. It was very ... there. 4. LOVE It’s a ... day, isn’t it? — Yes, wonderful. 5. SCIENCE They have already discussed this important ... problem. 6. RUSSIA They study ... and French at school. 7. CREATE He is a ... scientist. His ideas are new and original. 14 Choose the correct answer. 1. My brother hates ... the dishes, a) to wash b) wash c) washing 2. I would like ... my chance, a) to try b) try c) trying 3. Could you, please, stop ... to the player? a) to listen b) listen c) listening 4. The book is worth .... a) to read b) read c) reading 5. I’m sure they can ... the competition, a) to win b) win c) winning 6. Would you mind ... the window? a) to close b) close c) closing 5 Act out with your partner. Pupil A — You call your friend and you’d like to invite him / her to the concert. But I your friend is not at home. Ask his / her sister (brother) to take a message for your friend. Pupil В — Your brother (sister) is not at home. But his / her friend phones him / her. Take a phone message for your brother (sister) from his / her friend. 33 Section 1 Meet the winners of the international teenagers' competition Say “Hello!” to the winners of the international competition m V-05 op®" о ,i^e VWe оп 1 Meet the participants ofi the conference. Use the dialogue as a model. 1 Marina: How do you do? My name is Marina Alekseeva. Patrick: Pleased to meet you. My name is Patric Woodgriff. Marina: Where are you from? Patrick: I’m from Britain. 1 am the host of this conference. And you? Where are you from? Marina: I’m from the Russian Federation. 1 live in Tambov. Patrick: Oh, 1 know it’s a town in central Russia. II Patrick: Hi, Liza! How are you? Liza: Fine, thanks. How are you? Patrick: Fine, fine. Let me introduce my neighbou This is Roy Mill from Canada. Liza: Pleased to meet you, Roy. I’m Liza Carey. Patrick: Pleased to meet you, Liza. Where do yo come from? Liza: From Boston. I’m from the United States. 2 Look at the badges of the participants. Read them. Fill in a badge for yoorselL 3a) Think of Gve questions would like to ask people when you first meet them. b) Ask your partner roar questions and answer his / her questions. 4 а) These are the places from where the finalists came. Listen to the recording and read the list of the countries. b) Match the flags and the English-speaking countries: I C] m ^ ^ Portugal ['poitfugal] Belguim ['beld^am] Japan [с^э'рзеп] Finland [finbnd] Poland ['paobnd] Spain [spein] the UK [ju: 'kei] New Zealand [nju: 'zi:bnd] Mexico ['meksikao] Russia ['гл/э] China ['tfains] Norway ['no:wei] Sweden [’swi:dn] the Netherlands ['nedabndz] Bulgaria [ЬлГдеэпэ] France [fra:ns] the USA [ju: es 'ei] Canada ['kaenads] India ['india] Egypt ['iicfeipt] Germany ['с15з:тэт] Denmark ['denma:k] Switzerland ['switsabnd] Turkey ['t3:ki] Brazil [bra'zil] Armenia [a:'mi:nb] Georgia ['cfeoicfes] Greece [gri:s] Hungary ['Ьлддэп] Italy ['itali] *0 i о GRAMMAR FOCUS 5 Use the article “the” correctly. 1. We don’t normally use “the” with the names of places: continents Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, Antarctica countries France, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, America, Brazil cities / towns Samara, Sophia, Kiev, Anapa, Obninsk 2. We use “the” in names with “republic”, “kingdom”, “states”, “federation”: the Russian Federation the Czech [tfek] Republic the United Kingdom (the UK) the United States (the USA) Remember: the Netherlands the Ukraine [ju:'krein] 3. Don’t forget “the”: Beijing [.bei'dsir)] is the capital of China. Canberra is the capital of Australia. 6 Interview your classmates. Where are the following cities? Tick the right box. Cities Countries Moscow □ in Germany □ in Hungary in Russia Los Angeles □ in Italy □ in Spain in the USA Oslo □ in Finland И in Norway □ in Sweden Sydney □ in Japan И in Australia □ in China Paris □ in Portugal □ in France □ in Switzerland Amsterdam И in the Netherlands □ in Belgium □ in Greece Wellington □ in Canada Ш in New Zealand □ in Denmark 35 Section 2 about countries and nationalities / ^Z-What are the following places famous for: Egypt, Australia, Antarctica, Greece, Italy, Chipa, the USA, Russia,- Use; the Great Wall of China'— BeликaяJ<итaйcкaя стена penguins ['pe^gwinz] — пингвины ^ , 'the Pyramids ['piramidz] — пирамиды j Olympic [a'limpik] Games — Олимпийские игры ___kangaroos [.kaepga'rurz] — кенгуру churches ['tf3:t(iz] — церкви skyscrapers ['skai.skreipaz] — небоскребы Colosseum [,кп1э'81:эт] — Колизей 8 Listen to the names of places. Read them. Fill in the table. The_^tlanti6r Africa, Portugal, Baikal, the Thames, South America, the Pacific, Belgium, the Volga, China, H^Xilg, Australia, the North Sea, Europe, India, Norway, the Amason, Japan; the Netherlands, the Niagara River / Niagara Falls, Asia, the Black Sea, the Arctic, .Switzerland, the Yellow Sea countries ... seas and oceans continents ... rivers and lakes ^ imiJimW; iiiiiiiiiiiii 9 Listen to what the conference participants say about their countries. Try to guess which country they are from. Say why you think so. Example: Alison is from .... I think so because, she... 10 Sav Hiiat tout countrv is famous for. What is your place (village, town, city) famous for? Use; — well-known people, wnters. artists, poets, composers, sportsmen, businessmen, doctors, inventors... — museums, art galleries, university, plants / factories, shops, beautiful buildings, stadiums... — beautiful countryside, large forests, high mountains, deep lakes... 1 1 Say in which countries you know that people speak English. Listen and check if you were right. 36 12 Listen to and read the languages people speak in different countries. Example: — Which language do people speak in China? — In China people speak Chinese. GRAMMAR FOCUS Portuguese Chinese Japanese Dutch French Arabic Greek Hindi Maori Hungarian English Bulgarian Finnish Italian Spanish Armenian Swedish Norwegian Turkish Georgian Polish Russian Danish German Irish В 13 These are the five most commonly spoken languages in the world: ГЧ Russian SH Chinese И Hindi FH Spanish [d] English s Which language do most people speak in the world? Which is the most popular second language in the world? Listen and check if you were right. 14 Imagine that you came from one of the countries mentioned in Ex. 4 on page 35. Introduce yourself. Say which languages people speak in your country. Example: I’m from Finland. This country is famous for its beautiful nature. In Finland people speak Finnish. Most people speak good English, too. 15 Use the article “the” correctly. the English = the people of England the French = the people of France the Russians = the people of Russia the Italians = the people of Italy the Germans = the people of Germany Example: The Germans are famous for having a sweet tooth. 16 Remember what you know about personal characteristics of people who live in different countries. Example: I believe, the Russians are hospitable and friendly. Use: hospitable, talkative, hard-working, independent, sociable, shy, non-talkative, serious, reserved, conservative, romantic... 17 Listen, read and act out. George meets a group of foreign participants. George: Excuse me, where are you from? Mark: I’m from Hungary. And this is my friend Paula. George: Pleased to meet you, Paula. Paula: Pleased to meet you too, George. Mark: Paula is from Italy. She lives in Rome. Do you speak Italian? I’m afraid, I don’t. I speak only two foreign languages: French and German. Actually I prefer speaking German. I know it much better than French. Really? Paula speaks German, too. And her German is quite good. As for me, I don’t speak German, but I can understand what people say. That’s great! We can have a good time practising our German. Section 3 ^People speak English all over the world В 18 Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner the following: What languages are easily understood in any part of the world? What languages are often spoken at international^ conferences and seminars? What languages are most often used in the Internet communication? 19 Look at the map and answer the questions: 1. What countries are marked? , 2. What main languages do people speak in those countries? 3. Which of their capitab do you know? Listen and check if you were right 20 Match the questions and the answers. Fill in the table helow. 1. In what countries is English spoken as a first language? 2. How many countries have English as a second language? 3. Is English spoken by people who have other mother tongues? 4. What proportion of students in our country study English at school? Г 5.! What do native speakers of English think about foreigners who speak English? 1 2 3 4 5 '-Л a) People in 30 countries speak English as a second language. b) How popular is English in Russia? .\bout 80 per cent of Russian students choose English as their 6rst foreign language at school though German. French. Spanish, Chinese, Japanese are popular as wiefl. c) Some British think that English spoken m the world by people of other nationalities is not real English. It’s global English. d) English is spread among the people who haw other mothei tongues. e) At the moment English is intemationaDv recc^ized by the world community as one of the languages more often spoken by people in various parts of the world. It is known that English is spoken (as a 6rst language) in Australia, the Bahamas, Canada, The RepuЫic of Ireland. Guyana, the Caribbean Islands (Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad etc). New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States. 38 iii* ЬчМКТяМ^Е 21 Have you ever heard about Esperanto? Where is Esperanto spoken? Read the text to find out if you are right. In 1887 a new language was invented by Dr Zamenhof, who was born in Poland. He lived a great part of his life in Russia. This new language was called Esperanto. It was a mixture of a number of European languages and it had a very simple grammar. Dr Zamenhof believed that lots of people would speak the new language as a second language. It was very easy to learn and rich enough to express thoughts and feelings. But the language has not been very popular or successful. Russia is one of the countries where Esperanto is still alive. Today only a small number of people in the world can speak it. 22 Discuss the following: 1. Why do you think Esperanto didn’t become popular in the world? 2. What other artificial languages (invented by people) have you heard of? GRAMMAR FOCUS 23 Read, compare and remember. that, who, which 1. Have you seen the boy (who / that) won the competition? ^ ~ 2. Look! Here are the students (who / that) we spoke to yesterday. __________^ 3. This is the computer( which / that) Id like to have. ^______^ 4- Name the languages (which / thap Mr Dean knows. who / that = people which / that = animals and things 24 Put in: who or which. 1. Have you talked to the lady ... lives on the ground floor? 2. Has Andrew bought the book ... he wanted? 3. I like the blouse ... I am wearing. 4. These are the flowers ... we have grown in our garden. 5. It was a wonderful film. It is the best film ... I’ve seen recently. 6. What have you done with the money ... she gave us? 7. The people ... have arranged the competition care about our future. H 25 If you had to invent a new international language, how would you range the following in order of importance. □ simple grammar □ few words □ short words □ international words □ simple pronunciation □ no transcription □ simple reading (no special reading rules) □ fixed word stress Share your opinion with your classmates. PRONUNCIATION FOCUS 26 Find the pairs of words that have the same pronunciation. there, won, through. eye, one, weak, peace. too, week, write, no, here, threw, right. piece, I, hour. know, see, two, our. hear, sea, meat meet, their 27 Read the words in transcription. Write them using letters: [wAn] [аиэ] [hia] [rait] [0ru:] [tu:] [ai] [без] [si:] [pi:s] [пэи] [wi:k] Mini-project: What does my name mean? 28 Do some research. Use the Internet. What does your name mean? Where does it come from? (Greek, German, French, Russian...) Why did your parents give you your name? Share the results of your research. 39 Section 4 What da English-speaking people think about their countries? 29 Discuss in groups of 3-4 what you about English-speabngcountne. 1. What are they? (make a list) 2 What are their capitals, (ma . , A,e.h.«,nymh« language, " .U . rmintries’’ what are they? those countries traditions in any 4. What do you know about trad ю . of the English-speaking countries. 31 Continue working in the texts. Check if you were right. Read one of 30 Before you read the texts about English JU Betore yu meaning of the speaking countries ш following word combinations. 1. one of the mo., powerful countries m.he wo 'Id; 2, one of the most advanced countries in the зГ1^га larges, population Ш 4. the financial and cultural ^centre. 9 the official language; 10. the world’s seventh biggest city. Hi! I’m from Canada, th second largest country in th world. It’s nearly as big a; all of Europe. My country shares with the USA seven ol the world’s largest lakes and also has three of the world’s longest rivers. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. In Canada there are people of many nationalities. There are two official languages in my country, English and French. English spoken in Canada is a bit different from British English: there are some pronunciation and grammatical differences. The red and white Canadian flag shows a leaf of the maple tree, which grows in North America. The maple leaf is the official emblem of Canada. e > United States m *— f m the EISA or the .^^d advanced - ^^sttotm I'»' c- ^He most Atlantic Ocean i-‘ to r u s fund world. It ^ .Up west an . ^ uS-^ “ is °“:;'so*b. ТЫ csp«t;;; -■« Mexico lU op\e tfitu'c it ■ . wo*U- -‘'‘"‘f re's Sd -'-r (Tatgett poP'd'“?-;;:SSc .» -S' tbe has the '"‘'d oft.c'*' »*“'f!L„a«.ph'‘""'' ’ „.„EPUtsh. I «“"fa h« the Л"** the Ч - fbe ESA h tnghsh is yj^own a - It’s a teal in my cou • For ^ r Л. Btt. - -B* ^ and ^h--r .r: -th- .frfprences between^ “»■ some ^ movw _^,L'inft o>“- - . ,,neuaee . film in But the hugttsh tahg- e ^h.e-:„^ .ath-^ ,,cf„ences between^ ^ 40 I’m from a small and quiet country in the Pacific Ocean. My country consists of two main islands and some smaller islands. It’s New Zealand. My country looks like Italy upside down. New Zealand is the same distance from Australia as London is from Moscow. When it’s summer in Europe, it’s winter in New Zealand. But the school year still starts in autumn — in February! When it’s time to go to bed in Europe, it’s time to go to work in my country. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. The population of my country is mixed. Some people came from Britain years ago. Some Maori people lived here before the British came. Our official languages are English and Maori. But English is spoken in a very unusual way in New Zealand. It is often called Kiwi English. New Zealand is sometimes called “The World’s Biggest Farm”. It is famous for its products: butter, cheese, meat. i •ns Г ' » shortened to the the wor/rJ>„ ^ ■■ -"'У л,„е „7е°. Ze ' biggest city. seventh ? j tbfE ^ is^gUsh '*1 ti country ■ ' P°P4latior, ■ It's . the /„w fro„ Bn,. , ZZ’’: “d Г ‘"'i ^r^‘thZr^^^dЛrneri ^P^ken 32 Read the names of the capitals of the English-speaking countries. Fill in the gaps. Listen and check if you were right. Name of the country Capital Official language Full name Short name or languages Ottawa Ah 'bi'-!).; Canberra / ■ t ■ h ■r n Washington The United Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom / the UK / Great Britain London English and.Northern Ireland ... Yii- Wellington _f ‘ 33 Share information with your classmates who have read the texts about other English-speaking countries. Use the questions as a plan: 1. Where is it situated? 2. What’s its population? 3. What’s its capital? 4. What’s its official language (or languages)? 34 Match the countries and the word combinations corresponding to them. Italy upside down an island state a “Lucky country” the second largest country in the world a real melting pot Great Britain 1 . Australia ■? ‘ • New Zealand ( . the USA ^ • Canada 35 Find pairs of words that have similar meanings. Read them. big, little, country, peoples, various, powerful, a capital, famous, nearly, also, population, at present, twice, many, to start a lot of, small, state, nationalities, strong, people, well-known, to begin, too, different, about, two times, now, a main city, large 36 Say which English-speaking country you’d like to visit. Give your reasons. 37 Tell about Russia in the same way. Use the information in the box. Don’t forget to mention: the continent the ciqMtal big cities the population official language or languages weather Some facts about Russia Area: 1гД)75.400 sq km Population: 145,600,000 people Capital: Moscow Other big cities: St Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg Rostov-na-Donu, Nizhny Novgorod- Kazan etc Official language: Russian Winter temperature: from -1 to -50 °C Summer temperature: from -i-l to -i-40°C Rainfall from 100 to 1000 mm 42 Moscow, St Bazil’s Cathedral bv Anstarkh Lentoolov Section 5 [к Why study English? WORD FOCUS Work in pairs. Listen, read and act out. Patrick; Have you ever spoken at a large meeting? Marina: Yes, I have. Patrick; When did it happen? Marina; At the end of the last school year. It was a meeting with our exchange partners from the UK. Patrick; Did you speak Russian or English? Marina: I spoke English. But it was not easy. Patrick; Have you ever spoken at an international meeting? Sergei; I’m sorry to say I haven’t. I have never been to any international meetings before. Patrick; So it’s the first time you are doing it today, isn’t it? Sergei; Yes, it is. I’m a little nervous. Russian is the only language I speak really well. Patrick; It will be OK. Good luck. Sergei; Thank you. 39 Study the example and translate the following sentences into Russian. She has neither brothers nor sisters. = She is the only child in her family. 1. Alice is the only child in her family. 2. I’m afraid, it’s the only solution to the problem. 3. You are the only person I can share my secrets with. 4. He’s the only singer with such a fantastic voice, isn’t he? 5. Which is the only country in the world that occupies a whole continent? 40 Read the dialogues. Transform the sentences in italics using “the only”. — Have you got a sister or a brother? — Unfortunately I have neither sister nor brother. *** — Do you speak German or French? — I speak neither German nor French. I speak English. *** — Have you been to Asia? — I haven’t travelled much. But I visited China. в 41 Work in groups. Discuss and write down the reasons for learning English. Make use of the pictures. 42 Look at the information map. Find out if you have written all the possible reasons. English У About 25% of the world’s population speak English. T Doctors and scientists try to answer the same ) questions all over the world. They find it easy to exchange their ideas in English. У English has become a means of communication within some countries where different groups of people speak different languages. For example, in India there are 15 official languages and thousands of dialects. People from different parts of the country often do not speak each other’s language. English is the only solution to their communication problems. У English is called the language of the sky and ' the sea. Every pilot and ship’s captain must speak English to communicate with each other. У Most vocabulary in the modern computer science is in English. 80% of all information in the world’s computers is in English, у English is the language of politicians. English along with French and German is spoken at their Vj summit meetings. Most international journalists have to know English, too. У 75% of all international business letters are written in English. Nearly 50% of the companies communicate with each other in English. У English is the language of rock and pop music. Ч Most of world known singers sing their songs in "English. У US and British companies produce thousands of films, videos and TV programmes every year. They are shown all over the world with subtitles and dubbing. 44 43 Look back at the information map. Match the pictures and the texts. Read them aloud. 44 Look through the information map once more. Choose the three reasons that are most important for a Russian learner of English. 45 Here is a list of possible reasons for learning English at school. Add some other reasons if needed. a) Say why you study English. b) Make predictions for some students in your class. Check if you were right: Example: Alice, you learn English because you want to study abroad, don’t you? • want to go to an English-speaking country as a tourist have to learn it as a school subject would like to get a better job in future enjoy watching American films like reading English and American literature would like to understand modern pop singers. 46 Listen to the students talking about their reasons for learning English. Fill in the table: Name Reason / Purpose for learning English Michael Hans Janis WORD FOCUS U47 Listen, read and remember: Nouns ending with -tion, -sion, -er, -or, -ment, -ity, -ist, -ance, -ence, -ing. -tion, -sion — information, solution, superstition, impression; -ment — development, government, statement; -ity, -ty — curiosity, reality, honesty; -er, -or — partner, teenager, creator; -ance, -ence — performance, distance, influence; -ist — dentist, chemist, journalist; -ing — feeling, crossing, meeting, computing. 48 Give the nouns with these endings. -tion / -sion -er / -or -ment ... -ity -ance/ -ence -ing 49 There are a lot of borrowings (заимствования) in all languages because of mixing of cultures and languages. Think of English words which are used by the Russians and Russian words which are used by the British. Use the Internet if necessary. Fill in: English words president, ... in Russian: Russian words sputnik, ... in English: 45 How many languages can you speak? 50 Read the text. Answer the question given in the title. How many languages can a person know? Of course, you know some people who speak more than one language. We must not think that only great people can learn many foreign languages. In modern times, when science and technical knowledge are progressing so fast, all kinds of specialists need foreign languages in their work— teachers and doctors, politicians and actors, engineers and businessmen, and people of many other professions. If a person doesn’t know foreign languages, if he or she must wait for translations, he can’t hope to know all the news in his field. If he can’t use a computer, read the texts in English on the Internet and communicate with his partners by computer, he can hardly hope to be up to date in his work. Very soon he will be months and even years behind the times. “But,” you will say, “how can I hope to learn so much? I have enough difficulty learning one language.” The answer is that when we have learned one foreign language, learning a second foreign language is much easier. Learning a third foreign language is much easier than learning the second, and so on. There are many people all over the world who have discovered this secret. They know that success in foreign language learning is connected not only with a person’s natural talent. You must work hard to learn your first foreign language. After the first, other languages are a much easier task. 51 Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). 1. Great people are the only ones who can learn many foreign languages. 2. All kinds of specialists need foreign languages in their work. 3. If a person only speaks his mother tongue, he’ll know all the news in his field. 4. To be up to date in the work a person should read texts in Esperanto on the Internet. 5. Learning a third foreign language is easier than learning a first foreign language. 6. You must work hard to learn your first foreign language. □ □ □ □ □ □ 52 Translate the word combinations. Use them in your own sentences. language success -{ ■foreign language ■ first / second language - to speak a language / French - to learn a language to be successful in / to succeed in a successful performance PRONUNCIATION FOCUS Uy 53 Listen, read and remember. [0] [g] Ш language great language beginning progress engineer kingdom guess knowledge English magazine German meeting grown ups badge sing against advantage learning [n] change speaking large long foreign January among knife jeans singers enough July ringing knight vegetables finger sign legend know bridge magic 46 "WP iiiifcar E 54 Discuss in groups of 4-5 the following topics: 1. Why is the knowledge of foreign languages so important in our times? 2. What characteristics should a person have to be successful in learning foreign languages? 55 Do you know anyone who speaks two or more languages? What languages are they? 56 How many languages would you speak? What are they? like to 57 Ask your classmates what languages they would like to speak. Find out: — Which language is the most popular among your friends? — Which language is the least popular among your friends? ^ Names Languages'''»....^ Lena Dima Ivan English У German French У Spanish Japanese Other GRAMMAR FOCUS 58 Read and remember. How big is your new house? — Как велик?.. Насколько велик?.. How long does it take you to get to your school? — Сколько (no времени)?.. How long is her hair? — Какой длины?.. How far have you made progress in English? — Насколько продвинулся?.. How high is the mountain? — Какой высоты?.. How smart is the new pupil in your form? — Насколько умен?.. How safe is travelling by boat this time of the year? — Насколько безопасно?.. How many exams will you take at the end of the year? — Сколько?.. How much sugar would you like? — Сколько?.. How old are you? — Сколько ... лет? J 59 Think of four How-questions for your partner. Ask him / her your questions. E 60 Choose the most important answer to the question: Why is it not easy to learn foreign languages? Discuss it with your partner. — There is no one to speak with in everyday life. — I am not good at remembering new words. — I’m lazy. — I have no time to learn English, I’ve got too many different things to do. — Any other reason? 61 Find out the easiest way to learn a foreign language. Give your reasons. The easiest way to learn a foreign language is: — to have a good textbook — to have a good teacher — to go to an English-speaking country — to have an English-speaking friend — to chat on the Internet — to phone your friends abroad — to read English books and youth magazines — to read labels and instructions on everything you buy — to watch videos and films in English — to listen to the radio and TV musical programmes lO/WEDNESDAY SATELLITE Ь RADIO Section 7 к Is Russian an international language? 'иЛМВМШМИЯМ 62 Before you start reading. 1) Look through the text in Ex. 63 and find international words — the words which you can understand without a dictionary, for example Olympiad — олимпиада. 2) Look at the new words: (to) award (an) award [9'wo:d] (to) collect - to be awarded a prize (быть награжденным) - the award ceremony (церемония награждения) - the award for smth goes to (награда за что-либо достается кому-то) to collect stamps / postcards / coins (собирать марки...) to collect oneself to do smth (организовать себя, чтобы сделать что-то) to collect your thoughts (собраться с мыслями) to collect tickets from the teacher (забрать у учителя билеты) 63 Read the passages from the article “Pushkin Institute Awards Top Students of Russian”. Put the passages in the right order. □ □ "I wanted to study an exotic language," Tylo Dirksmeyer said after the award ceremony. He speaks German, French and has been learning Russian for three years. He said he had plans to continue studying Russian. The best way to do it is by staying in Russia. Teenagers from 28 countries had the opportunity to communicate with people in Russian during the 10-day Olympiad. It was the Ninth International Olympiad for the Russian language and Literature for schoolchildren. It brought to Moscow 215 young people aged 8 to 19 who studied Russian as a foreign language. The first competition took place in 1974, I I The German teenager Tylo Dirksmeyer was one of the winners of the International Olympiad. When a Russian professor called his name, he jumped up and ran to the stage of the Moscow Pushkin Institute to collect a gold medal for his excellent Russian language skills. , , It. vvOtJbil l““l Some of the most talented older Mriacipanfeof the Olympiad will be given stipends and the oppbrt’uTiu^to study anything — not necessarily Russian language — at any Russian college. if-ego □ Participants had to show their reading and conversational skills, their knowledge of Russian culture, and write an essay. A special textbook was put togem^r by the Pushkin Institute for the Olympiad. There were passages from classic and modern Russian writers in the textbook. 48 64 Discuss the following topics with your partner: 1. Is your own Russian good? What would you like to do in Russian lessons? 2. How does good knowledge of Russian help you to study English? ВВб5 Listen to the English version of Alexander Pushkin’s poem. Find the adjectives used by A. Pushkin and the translator to describe the Russian winter. Зимнее утро Мороз и солнце; день чуде£Щ11ЙГ Еще ты дремлешь, друг дред^рпый" -Пора, красавица, проснись: Открой сомкнуты негой взоры Навстречу ceg§pHp^ Авроры, Звездою севера .двись! Вся комната1Янтарны1Й)блеском Озарена. Веселым’треском Трещит затопленная печь. Приятно думать у лежанки. Но знаешь, не велеть ли в санки Кобылку бурр^апречь? Скользя П9^реннему снегу. Друг ]^лый^предадимся бегу Нетерпеливого коня И навестим поля nycjjrfe^ Леса, недавно столь И берег,„милый для меня. Winter Morning Snow, frost and sunshine...Xovely morning! Yet you, dear love, its niggic scormng. Are still in bed.!. Awake, my sweet!|. Cast sleep away, I begi and, rising, ' Yourself a northern star, the blazing Aurora, northern beauty] meet. A mellow glow like that of amber Illumes the room... ’tis good to linger Beside the gaily crackhng^stove. And think and dream... But let our honest Brown mare without delay be Harnessed That we may take ^IptJgejride, love. We’ll give three reins to her, and lightly, The snow of n|OHungj[leanimg brightly, ^jm oyer it. and full of glee. Cross empty fields and empty meadows, A once green wood with trees like shadows, A stream and .bank long dear to me. (Translated by Irina Zheleznova) Mini-project: Russian as an international language Ш 66 Prepare for a whole class discussion. Work in groups of 3-4 and discuss the following questions: 1. Is Russian an international language? 2. In what countries do people speak Russian? 3. Why is it important for teenagers from other countries to learn Russian? Present your group’s ideas to the class. 49 Section 8 ^Passive Voice (страдательный /пассивный залог] 67 Compare the pairs of the sentences with the same meaning. Translate them into Russian. Explain the shades of meaning of the sentences in the Active and Passive Voices. ^, ,, , ^ f A cup of tea was offered to us bv mv erannv. My granny ottered us a cup of tea. < j ^ ' ‘ ° ‘ [ We were ottered a cup ot tea by my granny. A woman sent for the doctor at once. The doctor was sent for at once. G. Byron wrote the poem in 1817. The poem was written by G. Byron in 1817. GRAMMAR FOCUS A lot of homework was given to us by our teacher. Большое домашнее задание было дано нам учителем. (Подлежащее не является действующим лицом.) 68 Read and remember. • В английском языке существуют два способа описывать одни и те же действия: с помощью действительного залога (Active Voice) и страдательного залога (Passive Voice). Сравните: The teacher gave us a lot of homework. Учитель задал нам большое домашнее задание. (Подлежащее является действующим лицом в предложении.) • При изменении глагола в действительном залоге на глагол в страдательном залоге вся конструкция предложения меняется: Active Passive Many people in Russia speak English well. English is spoken well by many people in Russia Много людей в России хорошо говорят на английском языке. • Англичане предпочитают употреблять пассивную форму глагола в тех случаях, когда более важен объект действия, чем тот, кто это действие совершает. В тех случаях, когда важно, кто (или что) совершил (совершило) действие, используется предлог by: St Paul’s Cathedral was built by Sir Christopher Wren. The clouds are moved by the wind. • Страдательный залог образуется с помощью глагола to be в соответствующем лице, числе, времени и III формы основного глагола (Participle II): to be (am / is / are / was / were / will be) + Participle II (the third form of the verbs i She was given flowers by Steve. The story was told by my grandma. These apples were bought at the market This present will be given to my little sister on her birthday. 69 Find the sentences in the Passive Voice. Translate them into Russian. 1. Our classmate was seriously ill. The doctor was sent for. He came earlier than he was expected. 2. Do you know the American actor who is visiting our town at the moment? He was seen by lots of people in the streets and shops. He was so unusually dressed. 3. My elder brother is a student. He was offered a job but he refused. It was not the kind of job he wanted. 4. We were asked to stay after lessons. Our teacher wanted to inform us about something important. 50 GRAMMAR FOCUS PASSIVE FORMS Present Simple: Past Simple: Future Simple: am/is/are + Participle II was / were + Participle II will be + Participle II — am taken / is taken / are taken — was taken / were taken — will be taken regular verbs: irregular verbs: My bike is used every day. The dress was sold two days ago. 70 Express the meanings of the following sentences using the Active Voice. 1. The dog was named Martin by my little sister Julia. 2. The policeman was expected to enter the room any minute. 3. The lost train ticket was looked for by everyone but was not found. 4. The idea of a new photo exhibition is good if the pictures are collected by our pupils. 5. New Year is celebrated all over the world. 6. We were invited to a party by my mum’s relatives. - ----- - b 71 Translate into Russian. Say which is used in the sentence: the Present, Past or Future Simple. Russian is spoken by many millions of people. The window was opened by my dad. Our rooms are cleaned every morning. 4. Our new English textbook will be published next year. The letters were sent a week ago. \ 6. The first stations of the London Tube were built more than a hundred years ago. 7. English and German are taught in lots of schools. 8. Who will be asked at Maths lesson today? Bread and milk are bought every Friday in our local shop. 10. The film was shown last year. 11. The vegetables were bought at the market on Sunday morning. 12. We hope that in the future Russian will be studied in lots of countries. m 72 Listen to the poem. Find the verbs in the Passive. Learn the poem. We must learn to use the Passive. The Passive must be learned ' and used. The wind shook the house, The house was shaken. We took what we could. Not everything was taken. We lost our pets, And that day they were not found. The wind broke down our house. It was thrown to the ground. Then we built a new house, It was built too fast to tell. We did the work together, It was done very well. We invited all our friends, Our friends were invited. All of them came with presents. We were happy and excited. Section 9 Round-the-world tour ARCTIC OCEAN 73 Look at the map. Guess which Englishspeaking countries will be visited by the winners of the Teenagers’ Competition. Describe one of them (continent, capital, population, official languages, what is famous for) in a few words. PACIFIC OCEAN 74 Read the text and find out if you were right Dear winners! r You've come to London to begin your exciting Round-the-World Tour. We'll be visiting six English-speaking countries: Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and India. We are going to visit four different continents Europe, Asia, North America and Australia. During our exciting and unusual tour we are going not only to see the sights of the countries and get to know their peoples, improve our English and make new friends. We are also going to discuss the world's most vital and crucial problems of the 21st century. We are going to solve those problems very soon. I wish you good luck! Timothy Gumbrell WORD FOCUS 76 Read, translate and remember: People = persons (men, women, children) Example: Were there many people at the concert? 75 Work in pairs. Ask each other the following questions: 1. What other languages apart from English are spoken in the above named (названные) countries? 2. Which continents will not be visited by the winners? 3. Which English-speaking countries are situated a) in Europe? b) in North America? c) in Asia? / 4. What are the participants of фе conference going to do during their tour? Peoples = nations; a group of people that speak the same language and have the same history and traditions. Example: In the Russian Federation there are more than 100 peoples. 77 Put in: pe^e or peoples. 1. ... living in Russia have different traditions. 2. In many parts of the world you can meet French-speaking .... 3. I like ... who are independent. 4. My cousin meets a lot of famous .... 5. The Welsh, the Scots, the English and the Irish are ... living in Great Britain. 52 •_-1 г- GREAT BRITAIN RUSSIA ■ AMERICA / I ATLANTIC OCEAN AFRICA ASIA SOUTH AMERICA ,V Л» ' ■ H INDIAN OCEAN 78 Say what vital and crucial problems the teenagers solve in the 21st century. Use: dangerous diseases (like AIDS, cancer), drugs, pollution, new local wars, dangerous technologies, endangered animals, everyday problems, computer control all over the world, terrorism, globalisation, too much information, star wars etc. 79 Translate the word combinations. Use them to create your own sentences. by plane / boat / train by car / coach / bus / bike 80 Look at the map. Guess how the winners are going to travel from country to country. Write it down. Example: I think they’ll go from Great Britain to the USA by plane. 81 Match the words and their descriptions: 1. to drive 2. to cycle 3. to sail 4. to walk 5. to fly 6. to hitchhike 1 о 'Jf 2 4 3 4 5 6 c a) to travel to a place by plane b) to travel to a place by boat or ship c) to travel by standing by the side of the road and asking people in cars to stop and take you to the place you want to go to d) to travel to a place on foot e) to travel to a place by car f) to travel to a place by bicycle 53 :i| I'lii iiJffi iP^iVrrVTfir^r |ГтГ ^ E 82 Listen, read and act out. Daniel is a British student who studies Maths in Novosibirsk. He meets his Russian friend Alexander. D: Hi, Alex! Haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been? A: Hi! I’ve just arrived. I went on a tour round Siberia. D: Where did you start? A: In Yakutsk. We went to Yakutsk by plane, then we went by boat down the great Russian river Lena. D: Did you stop anywhere? A: Of course we did. In some places we went sightseeing by bus. But twice we travelled on foot. Neither bus nor car could go through those narrow paths. D: How wonderful! And dangerous, too, isn’t it? Did you enjoy your tour? A: Sure. It was so exciting! Siberia is a wonderful place. It’s worth visiting. 83 Look at the adjectives describing travelling. Which of them describe travelling by plane? By train? By both? Put them into the correct columns in the table: 84 Make sentences comparing travelling b plane, train, boat, car and bike. Example: Travelling by train is safer than travelling by plane. Travelling by bike is less expensive than travelling by car. Travelling by car is more comfortable than travelling by bike. 85 Imagine that you have met a student oi your age on a plane / bus / train. Use these sentences in your conversation: Where are you from? / Where do you come fn What is your place famous for? How do you get to your capital city from yoi place? Do you like living there? Why? Travelling by plane Travelling by train Both boring, dangerous, cheap, expensive, interesting, fast, slow, safe, good, bad, noisy, quiet, clean, comfortable, entertaining, enjoyable, exciting ^^^lelicopte^^ Г an airshir » 86 Read two texts about popular means of transport in various countries. Are the same means of transport popular in Russia? Trains and commuters Lots of people in Britain live far from their work. They often go by train from the suburbs (пригород) into the centre of the town to work. These people are called commuters. Some of them travel more than 300 kilometers every day. It takes them 2 hours to get to the town centre and 2 hours to get back home. On the way commuters usually sleep, read a newspaper or a book, use their computers and listen to music. On some trains there are special study clubs. Commuters can study languages there on their way to and from work. Cars and people Are cars as popular anywhere in the world as they are in the USA? Millions of Americans drive to work, to their country houses, to visit their friends. They go shopping by car, travel by car along 4 million miles of American roads. Lots of teenagers drive to school. University students work long hours after their classes to earn money for their “wheels” (колеса). Universities and schools have large parking places for their students’ cars. Another interesting thing about using a car in the United States is the “drive-in” service. There are drive-in banks where you can get your money sitting in your car. There are also drive-in cafes where you can buy your sandwich and coffee without getting out of your car. The most exciting places are drive-in cinemas. People can watch movies (that’s what Americans call films) sitting in their cars. It’s hard to imagine a real American life without cars. 87 Complete the sentences. Choose the right ending: 1. Commuters are people who... • enjoy travelling by train • go by train to work • travel by train on weekends 2. On the way commuters usually... • do sports • sleep or read • take part in some competitions 3. Drive-in offers... • parking places near schools and universities • lots of things to do without getting out of your car • free cinemas and cafes 88 Discuss what means of transport in our country is... 1) the cheapest, 2) the most expensive, 3) the most comfortable, 4) the most uncomfortable, 5) the fastest, 6) the slowest, 7) the noisiest, 8) the quietest, 9) the safest, 10) the most dangerous Mini-project: The best transport for my place 89 Work individually. Make a research. Find the information on the means of transport people use in your place. Make a proposal on the best means of transport for your place. Prove your proposal. Use the Internet if necessary Present the results of your research in the form of a poster. J Homework к ft 1 Match the statements / questions and replies. More than one reply is possible. Write them down Example: Where are you from? — I’m from Japan. Statements / Questions: Where are you from? How are you? Where do you come from? I’m Patrick Campbell. Let me introduce my friend Jim. Replies: Fine, thanks. I’m from Turkey. Pleased to meet you. From Novgorod. I’m fine, thank you. jyj 2 Look at the list of the countries in Ex. 4 on page 35. Sort the countries into five groups. Use an encyclopedia if necessary. Add some other countries to the list if you want. 1. Asia 2. Europe 3. Africa 4. South America 5. North America 3 Copy the text. Put in the if needed. Travelling around ... world is fantastic. Sometimes I imagine myself climbing mountains in ... Asia or in ... America. I often dream of fishing in ... long and deep rivers of ... Russian Federation, watching ... penguins in ... Antarctica, or breaking through ... jungles of ... South America. I also think of visiting ... China, ... United States, ... Spain and ... Netherlands some time in future. But you know what? For me ... Tushino will always be ... best place in ... world. Because all my family and my ... best friends live there! 4 Write your own quiz on cities and countries. Use the quiz in Ex. 6 on page 35 as a model. 5 Copy the table from Ex. 8 on page 36. Fill it in. 6 Write a letter to your pen friend abroad. Tell him / her what your place is famous fo Start like this: Hi, Helen! I hope you’ll come to see us this summer. Y will enjoy staying here. My town / village is worth visiting... 7 Make a list of personal characteristics of people. Choose the characteristics typical о the people of your nationality. Write a bur ous story proving it. Example: I think that the British are a bit conservative. Why do I think so? One day.. Look back at the text about the English language (Ex. 20 on page 38). Complete th( following statements using the information from the text. Write them down. 1. The British say that ... is not real English 2. Though other European languages are sti popular in Russia ... is their first foreign language at school. 3. The people who have other mother tongu ... as a language often spoken in all parts the world. 4. As a first state language English is spoke in ... . iL 56 ... ------------------f -- в 9 Do Ex. 24 on page 39 in written form. 1 0 Look through the language characteristics given in Ex. 25 on page 39. Write down what is typical of a) English, b) Russian, c) your mother tongue. Example: My mother tongue has short words, but its grammar isn’t simple. 1 1 Write down the following words. Example: ['pnpjub] — popular [пэи] [mem] ['laeggwicfe] [Up] [fnrm] [fju;] ['дгэетэ] [hia] [.naeja'naeliti] [Vearias] ['w3:ldj [nju:] [fnrma] [.inta'naejanal] 12 Look back at the text you read in the classroom (Ex. 31 on pages 40-41). a) Make a list of “international words” used in the text. Example: ocean — океан b) Make a plan covering the main information. Example: What country? How big is it? 1 3 Complete the sentences: put in the countries. Write down the sentences. 1. ... occupies the whole continent. 2. When it’s summer in Russia it’s winter in__ 3. “A movie” in America is “a film” in .... 4. ... is nearly as big as all of Europe. 5. English spoken in ... is often called Kiwi English. 6. ... is an island state. 7. ... shares with ... seven of the world’s largest lakes. 14 Translate into English. В настоящее время население многих стран смешано. Во многих странах два официальных языка. Например, в Канаде говорят на английском и французском. В России люди говорят более чем на 200 разных языках, но русский является государственным языком для всех. В английском, как и в русском, много слов из других языков. На английском языке говорят много людей во всех частях света. Но есть некоторые различия между британским, американским, канадским, австралийским и новозеландским английским языком. 15 Write ап essay about the part of Russia where you live. Use the following guidelines: area, population, the biggest city, languages spoken in your area, weather 16 Transform the sentences. Example: I can speak neither French nor German. (English / language) — English is the only foreign language I can speak. 1. Neither Richard nor Bill can do it. (Bobby / person) 2. The Pavlovs don’t have many friends. (Melissa / friend) 3. You should eat neither chocolate nor cakes. (Honey / sweet food) 4. I like neither rock nor pop music. (Jazz / music) 17 Look through the information map in Ex. 42 on page 44. a) Write what these figures stand for: 50%, 80%, 25%, 75%. b) Answer the following questions: 1. Why is English called the language of the sky and the sea? 2. What languages are most often spoken at international summit meetings? 3. Why is English the only solution to communication problems of the peoples living in India? 1 8 Do Ex. 48 on page 45 in written form. 57 19 Sort the words given in the box into 3 groups: nouns, verbs and adjectives. Write them down. Mind that some words can belong to 2 groups. Example: nouns: hope, ... verbs: hope, ... adjectives: modern, ... hope, modern, language, discovered, natural, translation, communicate, foreign, success, secret, need, learn, connect, talent, great, technical, month, different, wait, English, progress 20 Match the two parts to form complete statements. Write them down. 1. There are lots of people... 2. A person can hardly hope to be up to date... 3. At present science and technical knowledge... 4. Learning a third foreign language is... 5. Success in foreign language learning... a) ...is not connected just with a person’s natural talent. b) ...who speak more than one language. c) ...much easier than learning the second one. d) ...are progressing very fast. e) ...if he can’t use a computer and speak a foreign language. 21 Look through the list of ways of learning a foreign language given in Ex. 61 on page 47. Rate the points in order of their importance, 1 being the most important. Write your list down. 22 tind in the text about the Russian language Olympiad the words and word combinations having meanings similar to the following ones. Write them down. Example: to go on — to continue • to talk — • an unusual language — • gifted — • short parts of books — • competition — • a teenager of 8-19 — • very good Russian — 23 Answer the questions in Ex. 64 on page 49 in written form. 24 Translate into English. Девятая международная олимпиада п( русскому языку собрала в Москве мног( молодежи в возрасте от восьми до девятнад цати лет. В Россию приехали подростки и двадцати восьми стран. Они читали отрывк! из книг современных писателей и классиков Кроме того, они демонстрировали свои раз говорные умения и знание российской куль туры. Золотой медалью за свой отличньп русский язык был награжден Т. Диркемейе{ из Германии. Q25 Describe the nature in your area. The pictures of Russian artists can help you. Use some lines / words from A. Pushkin’s poem in English (page 49). 26 Write down and remember 3 forms of the following verbs. Example: see — saw — seen see, teach, show, study, make, give, tell, write, read, know, take, speak, play, break, eat, sleep, come, go 58 27 Write down when and where some of your relatives were born (parents, grandparents, sisters, brothers, cousins, aunts, uncles...) Example: My cousin Slava was born in 1992 in Yaroslavl. 28 Put the verbs given in brackets in the Present Simple Passive. Example: The actor ... always ... to sing at the concerts, (ask) — The actor is always asked to sing at the concerts. 1. The post office....on Sundays, (to close) 2. A. Vainer’s detective stories...abroad. (to read) 3. This holiday.....in most English-speaking countries, (to celebrate) 4. The fruit salad....of bananas and peaches. (to make) 5. The verbs “know, want, like, hate” ... not ... in Continuous tenses, (to use) 29 Complete the sentences. Example: She ... a lot of questions at the last English lesson, (to ask) — She was asked a lot of questions in the last English lesson. 1. I....the last chance by my parents, (to give) 2. We......playing baseball and other games at the weekend in the country, (to teach) 3. The old lady’s stories ... never ... to. (to listen) 4. Why ... not I ... about it before? (to tell) 5. What......to you by your brother for your birthday? (to give) 6. ... the new American comedy ... on tomorrow evening? (to show) 7. When ... the telegram ...? (to send) — It ... ... two days ago. (to send) 30 Translate into English. Use the Passive Voice. “Тебе рассказали об этой необычной истории?” — “Да. Мне сказали, что здание цирка было разрушено за полчаса”. “Неделю назад мне подарили экзотического щенка. Представьте, за это время он съел всю нашу обувь!” — “Он был за это наказан?”— “Конечно нет!” “Кто написал этот рассказ?” — “Точно не знаю. Думаю, что он был написан кем-то из классиков”. У 31 Сору the following word combinations. Underline the adjectives. International Teenagers’ Competition. Your exciting Round-the-World tour. Seven English-speaking countries. Our exciting and unusual tour. The most vital and crucial problems. Official languages. New local wars. Good luck. 32 Do Ex. 77 on page 52 in written form. 33 Write a short essay about the vital and crucial problems of the 21st century. Use the information in Ex. 78 on page 53 and the following guidelines. a) name some crucial problems b) say why they are vital c) offer some solutions 34 what ten questions would you ask a person who likes travelling? Write them down. 35 Look back at the texts about the means of transport popular in Britain and the USA. Complete these brief stories. a) A lot of people in Britain travel by trains every day because they .... These people are called .... Sometimes it takes them two hours to ... and two hours to ... . On the way to and from work commuters can .... b) Americans prefer travelling by ... . Teenagers work long hours after school to ... . Millions of Americans use ... service because they can do a lot of things without ... of their car. Sitting in their cars people can .... It’s ... a real American life without cars. 36 Write a short story about the means of transport popular in your city. Use the following guidelines: • What kind of transport is it? • Why do people use it? • How convenient is it? 59 Key vocabulary 1 Nouns: • Verbs: Africa A award area collect Asia found award lose continent rate Europe knowledge win language • Adjectives: luck A exciting nationality foreign North America official population successful pumpkin South America unforgettable success • Adverbs: underground USB flash drive A twice 1 Expressions and word combinations: be awarded a prize be successful in collect oneself to do smth collect one’s thoughts collect smth from smb first / second language international words long distance communication means of transport mother tongue on foot round-the-world tour rush hours to be situated travel by / go by Progress check 1 Complete each sentence with one of the word combinations below. official languages, by boat, is situated, be successful, success, round Europe, was awarded, collected his thoughts, the rush hours, the only, foreign languages, collect 1. He can speak three English, German and Spanish. 2. India ... in Asia. 3. If you work hard, you’ll ... in your career. 4. There are 15.....in India and thousands of different dialects. 5. English is ... solution to this communication problem. 6. The famous scientist ... a Nobel Prize in 1930. 7. He ... and began his report. 8. Last summer their family travelled ... by bus. 9. Try to get to the office before ... or you’ll be late for the meeting. 10. The winners will travel ... from Australia to New Zealand. 11. Will you ... the books from Ann, please? 2 Fill in the blanks with the suitable words. India is situated in Asia. This large country is for its ancient culture and outstanding people is the birthplace of four world religions. The ... of the country is New Delhi. Its has grown to 1,000 million people. There are official ... in India and thousands of diffen dialects. People from different parts of the coun often do not speak ... language. English is 1 ... solution (решение) to this communicati problem. Children ... English at primary and school and then at the university. 3 These sentences are the answers to the qui tions. Write down the questions. Begin your questions with “How”. Example: Martin is ten years old.— How old Martin? 1. It takes him 20 minutes to get to school. 2. Sir John Bouring (1792-1872) could speak 28 languages. 3. Everest is 8848 metres high. It’s the highest mountain in the world. 4. The Thames is 334 kilometres long. 5. This nice dress is only 25 dollars. 6. They have 6 lessons on Monday. 60 4 The word in capitals above each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way. Example: IMPRESS Her dance made a great ... on my friends.— Her dance made a great impression on my friends. 1. TRANSLATE The girl was awarded a prize for her English ... of the poem. 2. DISCUSS The ... has already begun. 3. DEVELOP Hong Kong is famous for its quick economic .... 4. WIN At the award ceremony the ... collected a gold medal for his excellent Russian. 5. PERFORM Her last ... in the theatre was successful. 6. TOUR The National Park is visited by thousands of ... every summer. 7. MEET Well discuss this important question at the ... tomorrow. 5 Read every sentence and write another sentence with the same meaning. Use the Passive Voice. 1. John R. R. Tolkien wrote his famous novel “The Lord of the Rings” in 1965. 2. In Bangladesh people celebrate New Year in April. 3. “Our team will win the prize,” said the boy. 4. Most people in the country speak English. 5. The students use computers at the lesson. 6. Joseph Turner painted this unforgettable landscape. 7. The writer will publish his new book next year. 8. The girl cleaned the room yesterday. 9. “Til collect the books from you,” said Jim. 10. A group of artists organized this original exhibition. 11. Their team lost the game yesterday. 12. Thousands of tourists visit London every month. 6 Act out the dialogue between these conference participants from different countries. Introduce yourselves and share some information about the countries you come from. 61 -т ^ f Look at teenage problems: school educatio Section 1 iM Looking at teenage problems she unhappy he angry I think Jim is sad because — Oliver upse|ii frightened 1 ,Look at the photographs of these teenage What are their problems? Use the table to ma your own sentences. / has problems with her / his mum got bad marks at school exams hasn’t got any friends has problems with her / his homework isn’t allowed to get a Saturday job can’t buy a new computer game is out of luck can’t get along with her sister / brother 2 Read н-hat British participants of Teenager Conference said about their problems. Say if you have the same problems. What are they? Simone (France): I do my best at school. But n teachers and my parents aren’t happy with n marks at school. I get so angry about it! W1 can’t they realize that I can’t do better? Oliver (Great Britain): I don’t feel comfortab .with my classmates. They call me names and sj I’m too tall and pale (бледный). But I can’t he it. I do sports, but not too often. There is so muc homework to do! Jim (Canada): I need more pocket money to bi some new computer games. Many teensjn n school have a paper round' or Saturday job?h a few hours. They earn extra money. But Г can find a job that I really like. Julia (Australia): My parents won’t allow me 1 get a Saturday job. They say I should take cai of mv little brother and do my homework ft Monday. It’s so boring! ■ to have a paper round — to take newspapers an letters to people in the morning -\ngela (Italy): I hate Science because the teacher is so hnring. I would like to continue French ^d take German this year. But no one listens to me, including my parents. Martin (New Zealand): Most boys of my age have girlfriends. But I can’t speak to the girl I 6 Say what else you are allowed and not allowed to do. Why do you think you are not allowed to do some things? Use the information from Ex. 5. GRAMMAR FOCUS 5 Match the word combinations. Name the numbers. Write down the sentences. Example: I’m allowed (not allowed) to watch TV late because it’s bad for my eyes. '4 'j 0 0 '"i ) 'i 'j J 'j J 'j') "j "j ' j'j'j'j J J 8 Choose a word from the table above to describe how you feel in these situations and write it in blanks. More than one word is possible. a) go out in the evening... b) invite my friends home... c) have a pet... d) watch TV late... e) go to the disco every Sunday... f) do sports... g) get a Saturday job... fves . TV prog 4) it’s goo antoti ^ ^omev^ox-- A'\ tbeto s - p all inv 81 my w”* How do you feel when you... have an argument with your best friend? • don’t have any friends? • play with your pet? are out of luck? are in trouble at school? break a mirror? win a prize? have a pet and it dies? are in luck? • aren’t allowed to go out in the evening? • aren’t allowed to play computer games? 63 9 Read and remember. argue —argue with somebody (спорить) ~ L argue about / over something argument _ the argument for / against (аргумент) something trouble Ptrouble for something (беспокоить, - -trouble about something тревожить) _look troubled trouble —be in trouble / have some trouble (беспокойство, _ тревога) —Stay out of trouble _ get into trouble / cause trouble —be a troublemaker 10 Translate into Russian: 1. May I trouble you for the bread? 2. Mr Simon’s friend was in trouble and needed help. 3. Why do you argue with your parents? 4. Don’t trouble calling me next week. I’ll be on holiday. 5. University students argued for their right to park their cars round the university. 6. This boy is a real troublemaker in our area. 7. You can tell us your arguments for and against travelling by plane. 8. When the exam started they looked quite troubled. 9. Don’t trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 1 1 Match the word and word combinations having the same meaning. More than one word / word combination from the right box is possible. to argue troublemaker to trouble argument trouble 12 Look through the list of teenage probler Number them in order of importance: number one — the most important one, number nine — the least important one. □ too much homework □ no friends □ no girlfriend / boyfriend СИ having difficulties with school work □ nothing to do in free time И no one to talk to about your problems СИ lack of pocket money □ not allowed to go out in the evening □ argue with parents / brother / sister 99 1 3 Mingle with other students, move aroui the classroom. Find someone who has the same “number one” problem. Form a group of 3-4. Give reasons why your “number one problem is the most important for you. Use: ...would like to be more independent, to be shy. to feel lonely, to be tired of doing something, to need pocket money for..., to Ы depressed when..., to be frightened when..., to be lucky/ unluck\', to be able/not so able, to be energetic, to be good at/not good at... to to to dj ' pei ^CUss Son t. '^Orry dj. oth, irs ^^grei 14 In the same groups discuss and say why school life is so important for teenagers all over the world. 64 Section 2 Юп the way to school 1 5 Listen, read and act out. L: Excuse me, sir. How can I get to school No 7? P: No problem. Go straight along the street. Turn right when you come up to the tall building over there. L: Which one? P: The big grey one. School No 7 is just behind that grey building. L: Thank you very much. P: You are welcome. ^1 Remember: Asking the way 1. Asking for help: Excuse me, could you tell me — where ... is, please? — the way to ..., please? — how to get to ..., please? 2. If you can help and know the way: Well,...; OK...; No problem... 3. If you can’t help: No, I’m afraid I can’t; I’m afraid I don’t know. a 1 6 Listen and read the conversation between the policeman and the lady. L: Excuse me. Where’s the fitness centre, please? The fitness centre? Drive straight ahead. Take the first street on the right. No, don’t take the first street, take the second street. And then take the second street on the left. The fitness centre is next to a supermarket. L: First on the right and second on the left. P: No, it isn’t. It’s the second street on the right. L: And the first street on the left? P: Wait a minute. Let me think. Drive straight ahead. L: I drive straight ahead. P: Take the second street on the right. L: I take the second street on the right. P: Then take the second street on the left. L: Then the second street on the left. P: That’s the supermarket in that street. L: But I want to get to the fitness centre! P: Oh, I am sorry. Of course. The fitness centre is next to the supermarket. L: Thank you. 1 ^ Work in pairs. Make up a short conversation between you and a policeman. Act it out. GRAMMAR FOCUS: PREPOSITIONS - WHERE TO? 11 8 Read and remember. 1. up/down — Go up this street, then turn left. 2. along — There are flowers all along. thejQad.to my grandma’s house. 3. (a)round — The tourists walked around the Tower yesterday. 4. through — I hate driving through the city during the rush hour. 5. across — My silly puppy ran across the road. 6. at the end (of the street) — What’s there at the end of the street? 7. at / on the corner (of the street) — Let’s meet at the corner of our street at 8 o’clock. 8. at the traffic lights — All the cars have stopped at the traffic lights. 65 19 Do you know how to get to the City of London School, where students study Russian? Study the map and explain to your partner how to get there if he is: — at the Blackfriars Bridge — near St Paul’s Cathedral — at Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Use: turn right, turn left, go straight along the street, take a bus (an underground), go on foot, go by car, it will take you five / ten minutes to get there ,___1_ IHuiMm, L-^doo о N D C A'Si St Bartholomew Ш p Ш ____IHaill I Central Criminan 1^1 ;___________ , iSadlars Halil £ :\ I Court (Old Bailey) I C| ................' - JJ ^ St Paul's f A - S ш1 I i'ikJSIalionarsI, ЕТТчйШпЗ I ' '^SlalionersL •l I ТШаНга ,-,^--^ ' -T. .^- ctnni^a /]доо11исапе5HallL. lalecotn _ . .technnIoBi C3l,^|ief;si;,fmsl v? ShoMaser n .. c r ~^==——r-r ~ Г 20 Listen, read and remember. i-i-gh = [ai] — light, high, fight, night, might, right, tonight, bright ou-i-gh = [p:] — brought, bought, though ought But: through [9ru:], though [бэи], although [э:Г5э1 au + gh = [o:] — naughty, daughter ai / ei -I- gh = [ei] — straight, eight, eighteen, neighbour В 21 Work in pairs. Read the description of the situations and dramatize the dialogues. 1. You are in the street and you want to kno\ the way to the nearest Pharmacy (аптека) Stop someone and ask him / her the way. 2. One of your relatives is at the railway station. She / He has come to see you but doesn’t know the way. Tell her / him how 1 get to your place. 3. Your nephew is out. His friend has called t invite him to the disco. Take a message anc write down how to get there. В 22 Work in pairs. Interview each other. Asl the following questions: — How often do you go to school? — Is your school far from your house? — How do you get to school (by undergrounc bus / car / tram...)? — Usually I get to school by... — Why don’t you get there on foot? — Why don’t you get to school by bike? — Do they usually go to school by bike in Russia? — How long does it take you to get to your school?— It takes me... — When do you usually leave home for schoo — Do you go to school by yourself or with an; of your classmates? 23 Make up as many sentences as possible. Try not to be very serious. It usually takes an hour to get to the town. half an hour to clean my room. me'* an hour and a half to phone my friend. you 'imore than 10 minutes to do my homework. us less than an hour to get to the Post Office. him about five minutes to do shopping. her not so long to argue with my elder sister. them a few minutes to make / cook my breakfast. a quarter of an hour to make a hew friend. hours and hours to take out the garbage. 24 Interview your classmates: How long does it take you to get to the nearest bus stop? the nearest underground station? your favourite supermarket? a disco club? an hour a stadium / a fitness centre 25 Report the results of your interview to your classmates. Example: It takes Dasha 20 minutes to get to the nearest stadium. S26 Draw a map of your own place (town, village, district or area) or find it in the Internet. Show where your school is in the map. Use the map in Ex. 19 on page 66 as an example. Explain to your English-speaking partner how to get to your school from different places. S27 Listen to the visitors from Englishspeaking countries. Fill in the table. Questions Answers Where is she/he from? How did she / he get to Russia? How long did it take her / him to get there? В 28 Work in pairs. Interview your partner from any English-speaking country. Ask him / her questions about: subjects (what subjects, how many of them, how often...) timetable (what days, how many days, how many lessons...) classmates (easy-going, talkative, stupid, friendly, smart...) teachers (strict, normal, easy-going, boring, skilled, having sense of humour...) activities (sports, music...) • hobbies (collecting stamps / labels / mugs / postcards; pets; taking pictures;...) getting to school (on foot, by car, by underground...) problems (too much homework, too many tests...) 29 Read one of the anecdotes. Tell it to your partner who has read the other anecdote. Listen to what she / he has read. A man went up to a taxi and asked the driver, “What’s the fare [fea] (плата за проезд) to the Bank of England?” “Two pounds, sir. Just step in,” was the reply. “Thanks. I only want to know how much I’ll save by walking.” The train was crowded. A young man trod on (наступил) the feet of an old gentleman but didn’t move away. The old gentleman asked him politely, “Tell me, please, how old are you? “Well, I’m twenty-three,” answered the young man. “Then, I think, you’re old enough to stand on your own feet.” 67 Section 3 |School is fun if you are optimistic! j] 30 Work in pairs. Look at the picture. Choose one of the student’s opinions of school. Prove it to your partner. This is what students think of school: where you make friends, j It’s a place which helps you to find a good job in future. 32 What do you think of a teacher’s job? Could you be a teacher yourself? Answer the questionnaire and mark your score: Teachers should be quite strict. There she be some fun in class, but pupils shouldn’ allowed to make noise and be lazy dui lessons. — 1 Teachers should be strict. Pupils should be allowed to speak in class unless the tea< asks them to. — 2 Teachers should be as easy-going as poss Pupils should be allowed to do whatever like. If they don’t learn it’s their problem. — Teachers don’t need a sense of humour. 1 should just teach the lesson as clearly as i sible. — I Teachers should have a good sense of hun and make lessons fun and enjoyable. But shouldn't tell jokes instead of teaching.— Teachers should keep their class enterta with jokes and stories if the class is bore( the lesson. — 3 31 Explain why you like your school. Choose what suits you: Score: 2 points — you're a born teacher 4 points — you’ll be a very strict teacher, but boring too 6 points — you'll enjoy your work but your students will not learn much the school is new and nice • the teachers are very good - the school is not far from my house my friends go to the same school this is the only school in my life I like our school uniform ............ (any other reasons) Шзз Listen, read and remember: [i:] [i:] — speak, teacher, easy-going, please, mean, reason, neat, sea, leader — teen, teenager, feel, free, street, de green, meet, week, eighteen [e] — head, instead, dead, w'eather, read, i [la] — real, realize, near, really, dear, hea [з:] — learn, earn, earth, early, earlier 68 к I 34 Listen to the interview with Angela Bryan who teaches English in a secondary school in London. Answer the questions: 1. Does Ms Bryan like her job? Give your reasons. 2. Is she a strict teacher? 3. What is special about the way Ms Bryan teaches English literature? GRAMMAR FOCUS: __________________MUST/ HAVE TO/SHOULD 35 Read and remember. Compare: 1. We must be at the station at 5 o’clock in the evening. (Very strong. That’s almost an order.) We mustn’t stay here any longer. We needn’t stay here any longer. Мы должны быть на вокзале в пять часов вечера. Нам нельзя оставаться здесь дольше. Нам не нужно здесь оставаться дольше. 2. You have to get ready for your test on literature. (Quite strong. It’s necessary to do.) You needn’t wash up today. Тебе надо/следует подготовиться к контрольной по литературе. Тебе не надо мыть посуду сегодня. 3. You should see that film. It’s very good. (Not so strong. That’s your advice.) You shouldn’t watch so much TV. (You are not allowed to do it.) Тебе следует / Хорошо бы посмотреть этот фильм. Он очень хороший. Тебе не следует так много смотреть телевизор. 4. Must I phone them at once? — Yes, you must. (Да, обязательно.) No, you needn’t. (Нет, не нужно.) Must we turn right here? — Yes, we must. (Да, обязательно.) No, we mustn’t. Look at the sign. It is not allowed here. (Нет, нельзя. Посмотри на знак. Здесь не разрешено поворачивать.) No, we needn’t. (Нет необходимости.) Shall I go shopping today? — No, you needn’t. You can do it tomorrow. “Мне сходить сегодня в магазин?” — “Не нужно. Сделаешь это завтра”. 36 Fill in the blanks. Choose the right word. 1. You ... come in time to school in the morning. (have to/should) 2. You look very tired. You ... have a short holiday, (have to / should) 3. Little children ... wash their hands before they eat. (have to / should) 4. You ... take these pills (таблетки) twice a day after meals, (must / should) 5. We ... help to lay the table. Be quick, (must/ have to) 3 38 Listen, read and remember: [u] — could, would, should, couldn’t, shouldn’t, wouldn’t [a: I — can’t, shan’t, are, aren’t [ae] — have, has, haven’t, hasn’t [эи] — won’t, don’t [i] — did, didn’t, is, isn’t 69 39 Give short answers. Use: must/should/ mustn’t/shouldn’t/needn’t. Must we stop near the market? — ... (Нет, не нужно.) ... (Нет, нельзя.) Should we take a taxi? — ... (Да, обязательно. Мы опаздываем.) ... (Думаю, да.) ... (Думаю, нет.) Must the children go to school on Saturday? — ... (Да, обязательно.) ... (Нет, не нужно.) ... (Нет, нельзя. Школа закрыта.) 40 Discuss with your partner what a good pupil is. Begin your proposals with the words: A good pupil should ... (be or do smth) A good pupil shouldn’t ... (be or do smth) 41 Read and act out: Alice: I need some pocket money. I have to find a job. No problem. There is a job for you! What kind of job is it? Babysitting. _ It sounds fine. What should I do? It’s easy. Just play. I’m going for an interview next Friday. Where and why? Another school. I’m afraid. What should I wear? Don’t ask me. What should I wear? Well, you shouldn’t look sloppy (неряшливый), you should look neat. Do you think I should go on my bike or not? It doesn’t matter. But you should be on time. 42 Make up your own dialogue. Use: What should I wear? Do you think I should...? What should I do? You shouldn’t be... It doesn’t matter. You should be on time. 43 Have you got a sense of humour? Read the jokes and choose the joke you like best. Act it out with your partner. “If there are any idiots in this room, will they please stand up,” said the teacher. After a long silence, one first-year student rose to his feet. “Now then, boy, why you consider yourself an idiot?” asked the teacher. “Well, actually, I don’t,” said the student, “but I hated to see you standing up all by yourself’ Teacher: Tommy, why are you late for school today? Tommy: Every time I come to a corner a sign says, “School. Go slow.” Father: Well, Bobby, I’ve talked to your teacher today. He doesn’t like your homework nor your classwork. Now I want to ask you a question. Who is the laziest person in your class? Bobby: I don’t know. Father. Father (angrily): Oh, yes, you do. Think! When all the boys and girls are reading or writing, who sits in class and only watches how other people work? Bobby (happily): It’s our teacher. Father. H 44 Think of a funny story about your school life. Write it down. Share with your classmates. 70 Section 4 What do you know about school life in English-speaking countries? 45 Listen and read. Learn the poem by heart. Susan Whitworth School Days The happiest days of your whole life (So all the grown-ups say), But I would never go to school If I could have my way My pencil point' is broken, My pen’s run out of ink^ My head’s just filled with sawdust^ And with sawdust you can t think. The happiest days of your whole life! (So all the grown-ups say) But I would never go to school If I could have my way! ' point [point] — кончик ^ ink [ir)k] — чернила ’ sawdust ['so:dAStj — опилки 3 46 Do you agree with the poem? If you don’t, explain why. Discuss it with your partner. Use the words and expressions. Some of the advantages: to become smarter, to develop your mind, to have time for reading, to take part in school activities, to have exchanges with Englishspeaking partners, to have good and experienced teachers, to have interesting school traditions, to develop your imagination, to study interesting subjects, to learn new things, to prepare for adult life, to have a lot of friends, to enjoy school life and friendship... Some of the disadvantages: not to need so much knowledge, to have no time for sports and hobbies, to get up early in the morning every day, to be tired of doing homework, to work too hard, not to be allowed to do what you want to, to depend on teachers’ mood, to have boring lessons, to be afraid of some teachers, to have too many extra subjects, to worry about getting good marks, to have many tests, school has nothing to do with real life... 47 Read, translate and learn. to learn — учить, учиться, выучить, заучивать, изучать 1. We are learning new words at the moment. 2. Have you learned the poem by heart yet? 3. Live and learn. to study — учиться, изучать, исследовать 1. The students will study eight new subjects next year. 2. My best friend studied in City of London school a year ago. 3. How many languages do you study in your college? 48 Put in: learn or study. a) You’ll never ... a foreign language without ... grammar rules. b) The head of expedition ... the map carefully and then left the room. c) It takes time to ... how to do things quickly and correctly. d) How many new words have you ... by heart at this lesson? e) What do you think of ... (-t -ing) abroad? 71 PRONUNCIATION FOCUS ffi49 Listen, read and remember. One stress First syllable: 'English, 'History, 'Literature, 'Drama, Science, Chemistry; Second syllable: Tech nology, Bi ology. Two stresses Edu cation, Infor mation, Eco nomics, 'Mathe matics, 'Chi nese, 'Japa nese. 52 Read what the conference participants from different countries think of a perfect school. Who do you agree with? Would you like to add anything? Sso All grown-ups remember their school years. Listen to the story told by an Englishman. Answer the questions: 1. At what age do students finish school in Britain? 2. What first foreign language is studied in British schools? 3. What kind of a subject is Science? 4. Why is it important to study Russian? 51 Put the following letters in the correct order. Find out some of the subjects that you have at school. h, e, g, 1, s, i, n — gives you a chance to make friends in many parts of the world t, s, h, a, m — helps you to calculate how much money you can ask your parents for t, e, 1, a, e, r, u, t, i, r — helps you to live many lives without your leaving home t, o, r, h, y, s, i — makes you a participant of lots of events (события) which happened long ago e, y, h, p, g, o, a, r, g — you can visit different countries without leaving your own city a 'У' Marina (Russia): I think a perfect school is a brightly decorated building. You can study any subject you like. Teachers talk to their students as if they are grownups, individuals. Students are allowed to talk freely about their problems in school or at home. Students are allowed to come to school whenever they want. The rules in school should be democratic: neither strict nor too free. It would be also nice to have a school newspaper and school radio. The radio can be used not only for reporting news but also for the concerts prepared by the most talented students. bor/n sh oonng subiecu • be ; only 1 ! Science J *rmar. to unffoi -Ouldn'tu .“""'I' 'e«s Wd ''' ‘"Voy '‘'■'--«“Si''''. 72 afhk George school 1 study school is things could be ' - in. However so ^^^chers and changed. 1 d ^ ^^j^h more students to treat each %'isdptoe*ouU be quite smc. » ““t'--boo. sbouM still be eouipubot,. 53 Read the texts again. Say what all the participants want from school? Use the information and the language of the texts. ^7^-------------------------------------- и Write down 2 nouns, 2 verbs, 2 adjectives to describe the participants’ perfect school. Compare your lists. Marina Alfred George ... WORD FOCUS 55 Read and remember. quite [kwait] — вполне, совершенно, в достаточной степени quiet [‘kwaiat] — спокойный, уравновешен ный, тихий, безмятежный 56 Fill in the blanks with quite or quiet: 1. Our house is ... new. 2. Alice is a nice and ... person. 3. James has ... a big family. 4. Are you ... sure of what you’re saying? 5. Their family is ... and friendly. 6. Our head teacher always speaks with a voice. ' Your school project is ... good but not perfect. 57 Look at the photos. Do they reflect your ideas of an ideal school? 58 Some students’ ideas about a perfect school are listed below. Read the list and tick the ideas you agree with: СИ Be a brightly decorated building. Be a modern building. Offer any subjects students are interested in, Have no boring and useless subjects. Prepare for real life. Talk freely to teachers. Discuss any problems openly. Listen to students’ opinion. Understand students’ problems. Treat each other with respect. Have no tests. Have no special uniform. Allow students have their own newspaper and radio. Be compulsory. □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ Be strict and have discipline. I *§ Mini-project: A perfect school 59 Work m groups. Choose one of the following aspects of a perfect school: building, timetable, student teacher relations, school activities (clubs, societies etc). Write down your proposals on the chosen aspect. Draw a poster. Share your ideas with other students. 73 Section 5 ^ould you like to attend a private school? Ш 60 Look at the picture of Hampton Private School where students study Russian. Listen to what a teacher of Russian says about it. Complete the sentences. 1. Hampton school is a school for... 2. It is situated in the town of... 3. The students study several foreign languages:... В 61 Discuss with your partner the following topics. Use the information from the text: 1. What are the favourite sports in your school? 2. Is it a school for boys or for girls? 3. Are you for / against wearing school uniform? Why? 4. What kind of school would you prefer: a private or a state one? 62 a) Compare: Her uniform is the same as mine.— Ее форма такая же, как и моя. Her computer is different from mine.— Ее компьютер отличается от моего. В подобных фразах употребляется особая форма притяжательного местоимения, которая не требует после себя имени существительного. Такое местоимение называется абсолютной формой притяжательного местоимения: Whose medal is this? — It’s my medal.— It’s mine. It’s his medal.— It’s his. It’s her medal.— It’s hers. It’s its medal.— It’s its. Whose CDs are these? They are our CDs.— They are ours. They are your CDs.— They are yours. They are their CDs.— They are theirs. b) Remember: 74 □ 63 Read and act out: Cathy: It was a lovely party, wasn’t it? But I’m afraid, I have to leave. Are you leaving with me? Wendy: Yes. Let’s find our coats, then. Cathy: Look! This coat is the same as mine, but it’s not mine! Wendy: Whose coat is this? Cathy: I think, it’s Jane’s. I know for sure, it’s hers. Wendy: Let’s ask her. Jane, is this coat yours? Jane: Sure, it’s mine! A- ^ Mum: Frank, let’s lay the table for 5 o’clock tea. Do you remember whose cups these are? Frank: I’m not quite sure. This cup is yours, isn’t it? Mum: No, it’s different from mine. It’s much bigger. It’s your father’s. Frank: OK. This one is Karen’s. And the red one is mine. Mum: And all of them are ours, aren’t they? 64 Complete the sentences: Example: Whose bag is this?... (It belongs to you.) Whose bag is this? — It’s yours. 1. Whose test is this? — ... (It belongs to her.) 2. Whose textbook is this? — ... (It belongs to Steven.) 3. Whose jeans are they? — ... (They belong to Ted.) 4. Whose shoes are they? — ... (They belong to us.) 5. Whose puppies are these? — ... (They belong to him.) 6. Whose invitation letters are these? — ... (They belong to them.) 7. Whose ticket is this? — ... (It belongs to you.) 8. Whose computer is this? — ... (It belongs to her.) 9. Whose bikes are they? — ... (They belong to us.) 65 Listen to the text about Hampton Private School again. Explain how it is different from your school. 66 Read the three stories the conference participants told about schools in Australia, Great Britain and the United States. Find out what is common in them. Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 15. Most children (about 70 per cent) study in state schools where education is free. Most Australians live in cities along the eastern and south-eastern coasts. But there are also many remote inland towns on the continent. How are children educated there? In several states of Australia there are “Schools of the Air”. These schools are situated in the areas far away from the big cities and towns. How do students attending the Schools of the Air get a classroom experience? The easiest thing to do is to use a two-way radio or other means of communication. By listening to the radio, watching TV and video the students learn about the world around them though they stay in their own homes. There is also “School Through the Mailbox” for children who live far away from any school in the area. Subjects are divided into one- or two-week units. Each unit including new material, illustrations, exercises and tests can be sent to pupils any time. In Great Britain there are different types of secondary schools. Most of them are state schools where education is free. But some parents choose to pay for private education. Private (or public) schools in England and Wales are very expensive and they are attended by about 5 per cent of the school population. The education in public schools is of high quality, the discipline is very strict. Most of private schools are either for boys or for girls. Public schools are famous not only for their perfect education but also for the right friends and contacts which are useful for a successful future. In some British schools uniforms are worn by all the pupils, in others the children can wear what they want to. Some public schools in Britain, such as Eton, have uniforms based on what was worn over a hundred years ago. Some private schools are very famous, such as Eton, Harrow, Rugby and Winchester. Harrow school is famous as the place where Winston Churchill was educated, as well as six other Prime Ministers of Great Britain, the poet Lord Byron and many other prominent people. About 90 per cent of all children in the USA attend state or public schools where education is free. In other words 43 million pupils В and students go to public schools and another 6 million are in private schools. In private schools parents have to pay for their children’s education. Most of the private schools have religious education, too. The relations between students and teachers in state schools are democratic and friendly. In American public schools students wear whatever they want. Students can choose the subjects they want to study. They often take part in non-academic activities such as sports, drama clubs, school newspaper or radio. Americans think that each person should achieve all that he or she can. But some Americans believe that the quality of education is going down. They think that the number of basic subjects is few, students watch too much TV and do too little homework. 67 a) Answer the following questions. What are “Schools of Air”? Where are they? How does “School Through the Mailbox” work Which schools in all countries are attended b most students: state or private ones? Why do people choose private education? What is the difference between public schools in Great Britain and in the United States? b) Tell about any of famous British schools. Use the Internet. 68 Translate the following words and word combinations. Use them in your own sentences: education (образование, — воспитание) to educate (давать образование, воспитывать) to attend (посещать) compulsory secondary / higher private / state free / not free be educated at... self-educated a school / classes / a meeting L 76 69 Match the words. More than one word is possible. Example: to attend classes attend education free trteans of of" 'PUisr ' '"•SOry , P'-'Vate о. cO^ activities V>'' .ex'® o\ secondary classes 70 Do you have a uniform in your school? Give your reasons in favour of and against school uniform. Use the words and expressions: 71 Look at the pictures. Act out the dialogues between: a) the teacher and the girl; b) the boy and the teacher. Use: not to be becoming, it’s boring, be in (out) of fashion, to feel happy / comfortable, to prefer, to have self-confidence; in my opinion, as for me, 1 believe, 1 have a diiferent opinion, I don’t care. 72 a) Design your own ideal uniform for small children or for older students. It should be modern, convenient, not expensive, fashionable and nice. b) Present your uniform design to the class and comment on it. Prove that it is suitable for your school. Mini-project: Schools for girls? Schools for boys? В 73 Work in groups of 3-4. Discuss what’s the reason of having schools only for boys or girls. Would you like to study in schools of that type? a) give your pros and cons („за“ и „против"); b) suggest a timetable for girls’ and boys’ school. Make a poster; c) share the results of your work with your classmates. 77 Section 6 [Using the Passive Voice bL GRAMMAR FOCUS: PASSIVE VOICE (REVISK 74 Read, compare and remember. Active Form I use a computer every day.— Я ежедневно пользуюсь компьютером. Passive Form The computer is used by me every day.— Компьютер используется мною ежедневно. Singular I — by me; you — by you; he — by him; she — by her Plural we — by us; you — by you; they — by them and Jane — by Jane; my parents — by my parents; our head teacher — by our head teacher 1. Для описания того, кем или чем совершается действие, используются предлоги by и with. By употребляется перед лицом или объектом, выполнившим действие, а также после глаголов таке, write, destroy, visit, break, discover etc. Example: London was completely destroyed by fire in 1666. Many beautiful museums in St Petersburg are often visited by tourists. With употребляется перед предметом, орудием, инструментом, которые используются для совершения действия. Example: The wall is painted with a wide brush. The cheese was cut with a special cheese knife. 2. В предложениях с глаголом в пассивнс залоге предлог часто оказывается в кон предложения. I don’t like to be laughed at.— Я не люблю когда надо мной смеются. The police were sent for.— За полицией послали. Remember the English Phrasal Verbs with their Russian Equivalents: hear of pay attention to take care of laugh at look at look after make fun of rely on depend on send for speak of / about talk about think of listen to provide for explain to — слышать о — обращать внимание в — заботиться о — смеяться над — смотреть на — ухаживать за — насмехаться над — полагаться на — зависеть от — посылать за — говорить о — говорить о — думать о — слушать что-либо илв кого-либо — обеспечивать кого-либо чем-либо — объяснять что-либо кому-либо — искать что-либо — оперировать кого-ли — оплачивать — быть богатым чем-ли( — гордиться чем-либо 78 look for operate on pay for be rich in something be proud of something Mind: the Russian equivalents of the second group of verbs don t have any prepositions after them. /\AA/VWw It was painted with a brush i 75 Transform the following Active forms into the Passive forms. Example: Sylvia cooked a very good dinner.— A very good dinner was cooked by Sylvia. 1. My father buys newspapers every morning. 2. One of my family takes out the garbage every day. 3. We buy food for our pets once a week. 4. My elder brother uses the computer more often than I do. 5. Our parents’ friends often invite them to their parties. 6. They usually take bus No 181. 7. This animal loves bananas. It eats half a kilo of bananas every day, 8. She makes a special pie for her birthday every year. 9. People in many parts of the world speak Esperanto. 10. Mike’s father pays for his education. 76 Use the verbs in the Past Simple Passive or the Future Simple Passive. 1. Charlie Chaplin (born) in 1889. 2. A modern school (build) in the village last year. 3. A test in Maths (give) to us by our teacher next week. 4. Tm afraid, I (ask) a lot of different questions at the conference tomorrow. 5. The books by Jerome K. Jerome (translate) into many languages. 6. Why you (depress) when I met you in the morning? 7. The little Indian (look for) by his elder brother yesterday. 77 Look at the picture. Speak about it using verbs in the Passive Voice. Example: Breakfast was cooked by mother. Qj 78 Complete the questions. Example: Our trip depends on the weather.— What...? What does our trip depend on? 1. Martin is made fun of because of his fantastic clothes.— Why...? 2. Elizabeth’s parents went abroad a week ago. She is being taken care of by her grandma.— Who is...? 3. The new grammar rule was explained to us in the last English lesson.— When...? 4. Leo di Caprio is much talked about because of his acting talents.— Why...? 5. I don’t feel well when I’m laughed at.— Do you...? 6. Russia is rich in really gifted people.— Who is...? 7. You can rely on Peter in any difficult situation. — Who can...? 79 Put the prepositions in brackets in the correct place in the sentence. Example: What were you listening a minute ago? (to) — What were you listening to a minute ago? 1. Who is the story written? (by) 2. What are you looking? (for) 3. Why do you take care this old tree? (of) — It was planted by my grandpa. 4. Who is made fun in your class? (of) — Oliver is. 5. What were you laughing when I opened the door? (at) — Mike’s new joke. 6. What is Russia rich? (in) — In people, nature and fantastic ideas. 7. What are you proud most of all? (of) — My family history. 80 Write questions for these answers. Example: — Tm interested in books on history. What sort of books are you interested in? — Tm interested in books on history. 1. ...? — I only depend on my parents. 2. ...? — Tm only afraid of a storm. 3. ... ? — I can rely on any of my best friends. 4. ... ? — We were speaking about our plans for the weekend. 5. ...? — I haven’t heard about it. 79 WORD FOCUS 81 Read and translate the sentences. Mind the difference between hear and listen (to). Mr Jackson doesn’t hear anything. It’s too noisy. Why don’t you listen to me? It’s very important to know about it. 82 Put in hear or listen (to). 1. Do you ... the rain beating against the window? 2. Speak louder, please: I can’t ... a word of what you are saying. 3. Just ... to him! I’ve never ... such nonsense in my life. 4. Lots of people can’t ... anything. They use a special language to communicate with each other. 83 A lot of books about teenagers’ lives are written and published in various countries. Match the book, the text and the sort of a story. Fill in the table below. The sort of the story: a detective story, a fantastic story, a biography, a horror story, an adventure story. The text number 1 2 3 The title of the book The author of the book The sort of the story Louise heard a movement behind her... Then she saw the figure. It was closer this time. It was swathed (завернута) in black cloth. Louise could clearly see that it was a broad adult figure. The figure turned, pointed his gun and the shot hit the wall. The figure disappeared back into the darkness. Louise could see a hole in the wall a few centimeters thick and a couple of centimeters across. It was warm. Whoever was out there was shooting a laser gun that could cut into stone! Louise tried to control her panic and think clearly. But what? Gavin knocked on the front door of the cottage, but Mrs Foster didn’t open it at once, like she usually did. “Gran! Are you there?” No one answered. Gavin waited for a moment. He couldn’t hear a sound. “Maybe she can’t hear me,” he thought. He tried the door. It wasn’t locked so he opened it and went inside. The room was empty. “Gran! Where are you? It’s me, Gavin.” No one was there, not even Tinker, the cat. Gavin looked round the warm, cosy little room. The fire was still burning brightly. The table was set for two people and he could smell a delicious smell coming from the tiny kitchen. He thought: “Where is she? And where’s Tinker?” He ran upstairs and looked quickly into the two tiny bedrooms. — Are you there. Gran? Nobody answered. J C5n't move. An hour later the police phoned and told Terry’s dad that they had checked the van but found it empty. The police had done what they could. “Those boys may be troublemakers, but that doesn’t mean they stole your bike,” said dad. “I know they did,” answered Terry. “They must have sold it.” Terry lay on his bed feeling lonely and unhappy. His bike had gone and he wouldn’t be able to ride for the rest of the season — if at all. It had taken him over a year to save up. What was he going to do? There was a knock. It was Mum: “You’re upsetting everyone, including yourself We all know what a terrible shock losing your bike has been.” Terry didn’t reply and his mother went away. Ш SS4 Discuss any of the books. Use the following plan: What’s the title of the book? Who was the book written by? What sort of story is it? What is the story about? Is there any information about the main characters? Who are they? Would you read the whole story? Would you recommend it to your friends? * 81 Section 7 l^e are not ideal students, are we? 85 Read the texts and learn how British teachers deal with the students who are not ideal. Find the Russian equivalents for the kinds of punishment in British schools: a) временное исключение из школы — ... b) наказание письмом — ... c) исключение из школы — ... d) оставление после уроков — ... e) запись в дневнике — ... Students are very “inventive” in their ways to make teachers’ lives hard. Here are some punishments used in British schools. Lines — In England when a teacher gives you “lines”, you write out some sentence again and again, perhaps fifty or one hundred times. For example, you can write such a lovely (clever, wise) sentence as “I must do my homework” or “I must not be late”. Detention — If you are in detention, you stay after school to do extra work — perhaps “lines” or clean the classroom. Report — If you are “on report”, you have a card which you give to the teacher at the end of every lesson. Each teacher reports if you have behaved well or badly. Suspension — If you are suspended, ) cannot come to school for a few days or we< Your parents have to see the Head Teacher. 1 is serious. Exclusion — If you are expelled (exclude you are sent away from your school. This is v serious. You have to go to another school wh the teachers know about your bad behaviour. 86 Match these expressions and the differe kinds of punishment. More than one expression for a punishment is possible. Stay after school Have a special card Write sentences See the Head Teacher Go to another school lines suspension exclusion report detention 87 Translate the following word combinatio Use them in your own sentences. behave — badly / well behaviour — a good / bad behaviour punish — for something punishment — a severe punishment 82 38 Form nouns from the verbs as in examples: 1. to punish — punishment to agree — ... to argue — ... to state — ... 92 Read the Code of Conduct which is used in British schools. Do your school rules and this Code have much in common? Comment on what’s the same and what’s different. 2. to suspend to exclude -to discuss - suspension to invite — invitation to educate — ... to describe — ... 4. to work — to help — to love — , to finish — to report -to walk — to start — work 89 Work in pairs. Compare the kind of punishment in your school with those given in the texts. Try to describe them in your own words. Use the words and expressions from the text in Ex. 85 on page 82. 90 Complete the sentences: I think (that) the easiest punishment is... I think (that) the hardest punishment is... I think (that) the most pleasant punishment is.. I think (that) the most unpleasant punishment is... I think (that) the most effective punishment is.. I think (that) the less effective punishment is... SI 91 Discuss with your partner and tell us what punishment you get if you — miss a lesson — talk with your classmate during the lesson — are late for a lesson — prompt (подсказывать) your classmates when they answer — are impolite to your teacher — do not do your homework — do not wear your uniform — get bad marks Do not waste i~~ Be quiet around the sc o^ Гьшк safety hrst. (Главное - безопасность.) properly. use entrances and exits p h Use toilets properly- Keep valuables (ценные вещ ) at home. r-d (запрещено). smoking is P™"'" ,'%ssib^ at Eating/Cbeviing is only P breaks and ionch times Be sensible in bad «eather. , Play in the right place. В 93 Work in pairs. Choose together: a) the four most necessary rules; b) the three least necessary rules. Discuss them with your partner. Give your reasons. 94 Revise your school rules. What can you do at your school? What is prohibited? Write it down. 83 ■танеааййв GRAMMAR FOCUS: SECOND CONDITIONAL 95 Read and remember. 1 Compare First and Second Conditionals 1. If you stay in after classes. I will help you. Если ты останешься после уроков, я тебе помогу. 2. If I could use the computer well. I would take part in the competition. Если бы я мог хорошо пользоваться компьютером. я бы поучаствовал в соревновании. See Grammar Reference, р. 130. 2 Если действие и условие совершения действия в сложном предложении относятся к настоящему или будущему времени и маловероятны, то в главном предложении употребляется глагол would (might)и- инфинитив основного глагола, а в придаточном условном — глагол в форме Past Simple: If + Past Simple.... would (might)-i- infinitive If they tried their chance, they would (might) be champions. She would phone me every minute if she knew my telephone number. What would you do if you won the game? Придаточное условия может находиться как перед, так и после главного предложения. Если придаточное условия стоит перед главным предложением, то оно отделяется от главного запятой. 3 Глагол to be в придаточном условия употребляется в форме were для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа. Не might help us in this situation if he were a doctor. If I were a teacher. I wouldn’t allow my students to call each other names. If the weather were fine, we would go for a walk with our pets. 5^^ 96 Complete the sentences. Translate them into Russian. 1. If Liza ... (be) rich, she ... (send) her son to Eton. 2. If my parents ... (allow) me to get a Saturday job, I ... (earn) some money for new computer games. 3. If the policeman ... (know) the way, he ... (tell) me how to get to the bus stop. 4. If the school ... (be) not far from my house, I ... (go) there by bike. 5. If the boy ... (be) ready for the lesson, he (get) a good mark. 6. If they ... (worry) about the test, they ... (come) on time. 7. If he ... (need) money, he ... (ask) for a job. 8. If we ... (try) our chance, we ... (spend) the weekend in the country. В 97 Make questions as in the example. Ask your partner to answer them. Example: Perhaps one day you will win the worl tennis championship.— What would you do you won the world tennis championship? 1. Perhaps one day your parents will send you to Harrow. 2. Perhaps one day you will be invited to Buckingham Palace. 3. Perhaps one day you will break a mirror. 4. Perhaps one day you will be expelled from your school. 5. Perhaps one day you will meet Bruce Lee in your school. 6. Perhaps one day you will fly to the Moon. Mini-project: What would I do to make my school more attractive Й98 Divide into three groups. Write any of the three proposals. Try to be realistic. 1. What would I permit / forbid at school if I were a pupil? 2. What would I permit / forbid if I were a teacher? 3. What would I permit / forbid if I were a parent? Begin your proposals with the words: “If I were a parent, I would...” Share your proposals with your classmates. Section 8 L School friends ore for ever 99 It’s known that old school friends are friends for ever. Give as many suggestions as possible to explain who is a good or true friend. Use the expressions in the hox helow: see each other every day don’t see each other for ages have much in common share ideas know each other for a long time/not so long have a fight refuse to work together phone each other like working together offer to help to each other 100 Collect all your suggestions and make a GOOD FRIEND POSTER. в 101 Look at these photographs and discuss with your partner what has happened between the friends. S 102 Listen to four conversations and match each conversation with one of the photographs. Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Conversation 3 Conversation 4 .';vae т 103 Now read and listen to the conversations again. What are the teenagers talking about? Who do you talk to if you have a problem? 1 Steve: Hi, Penny! Hi, Albert! Penny: Hi, Steve, where are you going? Steve: Well, I was going to meet Matt and Gemma at the cafe, do you want to come? Penny: Sorry, I can’t. I have to babysit this afternoon. Steve: OK, we’re going to the cinema tomorrow to see “Titanic”. Penny: Are you? I really want to see that. Steve: Great, we’ll see you outside the cinema at 8.00 then, OK? Penny: Yeah, see you tomorrow. 2 Tracy: Now listen, if you don’t do it, you won’t have any friends in the whole school. And if you tell anyone, you will be in big trouble. OK? Sue: What’s the matter? Why are you so rude? Tracy: You know why. OK? Sally: Oh, dear, don’t worry. Now what well do is talk to your parents this afternoon when they come to collect you. We’ll explain to them exactly what happened. I think they’ll understand it’s not your fault. John: Thanks, Sally, I’m sure they’ll believe you. 4 Karen: Thanks for helping me, Julia. I was really having problems with that Maths homework. I thought I would never understand. And the test next week is very important. Julia: That’s OK. You can help me with Biology next time. I never understand any of that homework. В 104 Work in pairs. Imagine a similar situation and write a conversation between two people. Act it out. Use as many expressions as possible from the conversations above. Ш 105 Work in groups. Discuss what you quarrel about with your friend. Make a list of things you quarrel about. Put your list into two columns: Important things Unimportant things 106 Work in pairs. Make up “a quarrel dialogue”. Try to be polite even in these situations. You can use: • Listen, we’ve got something to talk about.— Послушай, надо поговорить. Why? — В чем дело? • What’s the matter? — Что случилось? If you don’t ..., you’ll be in big trouble.— Если ты не... у тебя будут проблемы. • Why should I ...? — Почему это я должен?. You know why. OK? — Сам знаешь почему Ясно? • It’s not my fault.— Я не виноват. Don’t worry.— Не волнуйся. 107 Неге is а part of the quiz about an ideal friend. Read and answer: Your friend is good at all the school subjects, bu you aren’t. Do you... ask your friend to help you? want her / him to get a bad mark? copy what he / she writes during a test? don’t care about it? Mini-project: The ideal friend 108 Work in groups. Write your own quiz. Use the quiz in Ex. 107 as a model. Choose one of the topics. 1. Your friend is in a bad mood today. Do you...? 2. Your classmates laugh at your friend. Do you...? 3. Your friend doesn’t get along with his/her parents. Do you...? 4. Any other... Try out the questions of your group quiz on the students from other groups. 86 «■«■II 109 Find the words having a common root (корень слова). Example: Friend: friendly / unfriendly / friendship / friendless Flelp:... Use:... Real:... Create:... 110 There are quite a lot of proverbs and sayings about friends and friendship in English. Read some of them. Think of Russian equivalents. What other Russian proverbs about friendship do you remember? A friend in need is a friend indeed. Old friends and old wine are best. A friend to all is a friend to none. Between friends all is common. Friendship is not bought at a fair (ярмарка). 0 111 This is a game for all of you. It’s called “A secret project”. Write your names on pieces of paper. Put all the pieces into a box. Take one piece out of the box. The person whose name is written on the piece will be your “secret friend” for the next week. Don’t tell her/him about it. Try to be extra kind and helpful towards this person all of next week. At the end of next week each of you will have to guess who his / her secret friend was. If anyone can’t guess, then you will have to say what you did to be kind and helpful. GRAMMAR FOCUS: COMPLEX OBJECT (СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ) 112 Read and remember. want expect should like would like me / you / him / her / it / us / them to do smth Compare: 1. I want you to phone me in the evening.— Я хочу, чтобы ты позвонила мне вечером. 2. They expect Alice to answer five simple questions.— Они надеются, что Алиса ответит на пять простых вопросов. 3. I would like her to try her chance.— Я бы хотел, чтобы она использовала свой шанс. 113 Translate into Russian: 1. The teacher wants him to solve this difficult problem himself. 2. Do you expect us to take part in the (2*^ (? ? 0 competition? 3. Would you like them to visit your school in May? 114 Mak г up sentences. I me to take care of my little brother You you to continue English Your parents want(s) him to stay out of trouble Flis mother would like her to argue with her My teacher expect(s) us to discuss the problem Their friends them to attend school ... the boys to think of our future 87 к 4 in fhe ыГ' Object b) What other political and family days do vou celebrate during a year? ^ ^ c) Would you agree with the proposal of our onTu/y 31s"r Oay Have you ever thougm that we celebrate various polffical and family nnv Labor Day... Isn’t it strange j:r:: ™"и;вГпа,,у to гесодш. the very speoia, role our wnen you abjout iUhey ^^ tel^^erli, the Kindness our friends have done for US during the year. them a postcard or just send them a message у e-mail before July 31st. ^ Thank all your friends for the wonderful gift they give you by Simply saying; %Ls change and we do, too, but friendship is for always. Thank you for being my friend. mti^ following word combination into two categories: -rj- й Best wishes Jeff Rixon categories: noun + noun Example; Friend's Day ' special cial thank, e-mail message, birthday card, teei article, computer game. Independence Day TTs ^ I adjective -i- nour wonderful gift 1 16 Find in the text and translate into Rus- a) . b) . c) . d) . e) we do nothing personally to... they expect nothing for their effort to tairp о ______ ' 1 18 Say if you support Jeffs idea or not ^^xplam why. Use some expressions from tl Example: I support Jeffs idea because... . _we do nothing personally to recognize the role of our friends. ^ • •.friendship is for always. fn message once a ye to thank your friend. ^ to take a moment to. is worth supporting., by simply saying f) Times changi ge... ® 119 Work in pairs. Write which you are going m ntbpi- wh.chy„narc,„i„,t„,cnTJ^f;i‘X m other countries on July 31st. 88 Section 9 How to tackle our problems? 120 Look at the pages of Youth Magazine. Say what sort of information is given on the pages: advertisements, competition advertisement, teenage articles on how to make the world better, young peoples’ letters about their problems, stories about teenagers, any other... 121 Read the letters from a magazine problem page. Say whose problems are a) same as yours, b) different from yours. Dear Jackie, What do you think I should do? All my friends smoke, they think it’s really cool but I don’t. I’m fed up with them telling me to try. I really don’t want to. They call me names and say I’m frightened of getting into trouble, but it’s not true. I just don’t want to. Greg (age 13). —— Dear Jackie, Can you help me? I need more pocket money so I can buy some new computer games. All my friends have Saturday jobs, but my Mum won’t let me get one. She says I’ll be too tired to do my school work. What can I do. I’m so depressed about it? Maisie (age 12). Dear Jackie, I’m in Year 9 and I have to choose the subjects for next year. My parents and my teachers want me to continue History because I’ve got good marks, but I really hate History and the teacher is so boring. I want to continue French and German because I want to travel when I leave school. But my marks aren’t very good. No one listens to me, I get so angry. Who should I listen to? Joshua (age 13). 'ITJtX L«.. DiCapno to'iu^ about msh tined «мог. Bi ol • wwu# Any cop r zr«;,wne mere to w ^ we ve BO- -en »• Lov« J.« -p, .4 ,«av SO rt you books then ISSWJ PiQr-^ ______ * to L ^obl^ 5^0^ the cruelty Have on ^mal-'^hiendly boiidav L ft Ч/Л1 ■ _ _ . - Nk 'G t s° аЬгчзп^ ^ «ts of -ay , в 122 Choose the letter with the problems same as yours. Talk about your problem(s) with your partner using some words from the letter. 89 /# 123 Match the letters and Jackie’s replies. Jackie is a teenage magazine correspondent who writes answers to teenagers’ letters. Write her answers next to the letters: Letter A □ Letter В □ Letter C □ 1. This is a very difficult situation. I’m sure your parents and teachers want you to do well in your subjects. They are thinking about your school life. You will have to do a lot of extra work if you want to continue with languages. But it’s also very important that you enjoy your lessons. Perhaps you could speak to other teachers and see what they think? 2. You are right, smoking is bad for your health and disgusting. It’s very difficult to stop smoking once you have started. So don’t listen to them and then perhaps your friends will be more like you. 3. Have you explained your situation carefully to your mum? If you promised to do all your homework on Saturday mornings, maybe then she would allow you to have a job in the afternoon? 124 Decide which reply is the best. Explain why you think so. 125 Write your own reply to one of the letters. Use: You are right..., Don’t listen to, Perhaps, I’m sure / not sure that ..., You can speak to ..., See what she / he says..., you shouldn’t be depressed ..., Have you explained ...? ____________________PRONUNCIATION FOCUS |j 126 Listen, read and remember. [u] foot, good, look, wood, cook, book GRAMMAR FOCUS: ONE / ONES oo - ou ow -[u:] cool, school, choose, room, too, food, soon, zoo P [au] about, sound, round, south, loud, proud, without - [u] would, should, could p [эи] follow, Moscow, borrow, know --[au] now, allow, cow, crowd, down, how, town 127 Read and remember. I. The words one tones are used instead of a noun or nouns. 1. Have you got any detective stories? Id like to read one (= a detective story). У вас есть детективы? Мне бы хотелось почитать. 2. She hasn’t got а textbook. She should buy one (= a textbook). У нее нет учебника. Ей нужно его купить. 3. Do you know Martin Harly? The one who lives in that cottage? (= Martin Harly) Вы знаете Мартина Харли, который живет в том доме? 4. These books are more interesting than those ones (= the books). Эти книги более интересные, чем те. 5. I don’t like these shoes. Please give me those black ones (= the shoes). Мне не нравятся эти туфли. Дайте мне, пожалуйста, те, черные. II. The words one tones often aren’t translated into Russian (see sentences 1, 3, 5). Sometimes they are translated as the pronoun (see sentences 2, 4). 1 28 Complete the sentences. Translate them into Russian. Example; I have read this book. Please give me another one. 1. I don’t like these white flowers. Let me have some pink .... 2. I think that his performance will be more interesting than the last .... 3. I don’t like these mittens. Please give me those blue .... 4. Do you know Mrs Parkins? Is she the ... who phoned yesterday? 5. I’ve got several DVDs. Which ... would you like? 6. Which pen do you want? — The ... that’s or the table. 129 Translate into English. “Ты видела сегодня Алису, которая живет н соседней улице? Она брала у меня книгу m истории”.— “Какую книгу?” — “Ту, которуь ты читала в прошлом году”. 90 130 Work in groups of 4-5. Choose one of the following topics. Discuss it in your group. Write down your pros and cons. Report the results of your discussion to the others. 1. It’s not bad to have your own pocket money for sweets, cinema, disco, computer games, birthday presents, flowers for your girlfriend etc. Do teenagers in Russia have Saturday jobs? Why not? What can you say in favour of it? 2. In Year 9 at secondary school (age 13 to 14) students in Britain have to decide which subjects they want to drop (отказаться). Usually these are subjects they are not good at. If you had a choice; what subjects would you drop next year? Why? Are there any subjects which should be studied by everyone? What are they? 3. Do you agree that students should drop the subjects they are not good at? Why? Why not? Should parents and teachers decide what subjects to continue? 131 Sharing your tasks in the family is a problem, too. Learn how they do it in some British families. Listen, read and act out: Mum; Can one of you go and get some bread from the corner shop? Olivia; Yes, Tim’ll go. It’s his turn. Tim; What’s happening? Olivia; Mum wants you to go for some bread. Tim; Olivia, you can go. I’ve got so much homework to do. Olivia; All right. I’ll go. Tim; Ah, peace at last! I can watch TV. Mum; Tim! Have you done your homework? 132 Read and learn what is said about smoking. Make a list of at least 3 reasons why you shouldn’t smoke. We’ve just moved into a new flat. And the first thing I put on one of the walls was a “no smoking” sign. “That’s anti-social,” said my mother, “you can’t do that.” Oh, yes, I can. And if anything is anti-social, it is smoking. Besides being impolite, smoking is deadly. In Britain about 50 000 people die every year because of smok- 12 statistics show that a smoker shortens his life by 5,5 minutes with each cigarette. Smokers say that they don’t care and if they want to kill themselves with tobacco that’s their business. Happily, at present smoking is prohibited in many ways. You can see “No smoking” signs in many theatres, cinemas, trains, buses and restaurants. And in my flat, too! 133 Interview students in your class. Find out what they would do if someone smoked in their room, in their school, in the plane they were flying in... — What do you think of smokers? Do you think it’s their own business? — Do smokers care about others? — Do you think smoking is dangerous for a person who lives in the same flat with a smoker? — Do you think smoking in the office is polite? Mini-project: I don't smoke! 134 Work in groups. Make an anti-smoking poster. Follow these steps: • Look at the posters. Discuss which of them you would hang in your room. Read the anti-smoking signs; 1. Every time you want to smoke think at first then choose the coke. 2. Sports make me strong and healthy. 3. Care for your health. Draw a poster to illustrate one of the signs. Share your poster with your classmates. ing. They die from lung cancer, heart attacks and other causes, too. In fact. 91 1 Make up as many combinations as possible with verbs to get, to have (got), to make. Use the following words and word combinations. out friends an opinion frtervi jcket money angry )b\em ^ job ■lew pocк^^ ■" bad marks Example: to have got friends 2 Do Ex. 1 on page 62 in written form. Write at least 5 sentences. 3 Read again what the British teenagers say about their problems (Ex. 2 on pages 62-63). Complete the following statements. 1. Simone gets angry because... 2. Oliver doesn’t feel comfortable with his classmates because... 3. Jim needs more pocket money because... 4. Julia is not happy on Saturdays because... 5. Angela hates Science because... 6. Martin is depressed because... 7. Claudia doesn’t want to play the piano because... 4 Match the verbs and their descriptions. Write them down. Example: to have a paper round — to take newspapers and letters to people in the morning iYi'i'i'i 'i 'i 'i 1 'fi'4'4 '4 'J "l '4 '4 'i '"j. to be depressed about smth-' , to be fed up with smth to take care of smth>.. speak English? It It it Yes, Short answers: I/ we / 1 , /1 ^do. you / they No, j ''“■f. 1 don't, you/they ' Yes, she/he/it : does. No, 1 she/he/it 1 doesn’t. 3St Simple (Простое прошедшее) + ? Positive Negative Question I I r I You You you She She she He 1 spoke English. He didn’t speak English. Did •! he speak English? It It it We We we They They they Short answers: I/you/she/he/ Yes, . , , , , did. It / we / they ' No, I/you/she/he/ 1 it/we/they uture Simple (Простое будущее) + — ? Positive Negative Question I will (shall) I 1 won’t (shan’t) speak Will I speak English? We speak English. We j English. (Shall) we You You you They She He will speak English. They She He ^ won’t speak English. Will • they she he speak English? It It it Short answers: Yes, Yes, I/we you/they/ she / he / it will (shall), will. No, I/we won’t (shan’t). No. you/they/ she / he / it 1 won’t. 125 Grammar reference Present Continuous (Настоящее продолженное) + 9 Positive Negative Question I am " I am ] Am I We We we You are You are Are i you They " writing now. They > not writing now. they > writing now? She She 1 f she He is He 1 is Is i he It It • ' it Short answers: I am. I am not. we /you/ they 1 are. No, we /you/ they are not. she / he / it ■ is. No, she / he / it is not. Present Perfect (Настоящее завершенное) I We You They She He It + Positive have written the story. has written the story. I We You They She He It Negative haven’t written the story. hasn’t written the story. Have Has ? Question I we you they ^ she he it written the story? Short answers: Yes, I/you/ we /they have. No, I/you/ we /they haven’t. Yes, she / he / it has. No, she/he/it hasn’t. Have got (Иметь) + — 9 Positive Negative Question I 1 I I 1 We You have got a computer. We You haven’t got a computer. Have you They They 1 they - got a computer? She She she He has got a computer. He hasn’t got a computer. Has he It It it Short answers: Yes, I/you/ we /they have. No, I/you/ we /they haven’t. Yes, 1 she/he/it has. No, j she / he / it ^ hasn’t. 126 I Grammar reference Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs (Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий) Adjective / Adverb (Прилагательное / Наречие) Comparative (Сравнительная степень) Superlative (Превосходная степень) old older (the) oldest short shorter (the) shortest big bigger (the) biggest nice nicer (the) nicest pretty prettier (the) prettiest popular more popular (the) most popular beautiful more beautiful (the) most beautiful hard harder (the) hardest carefully more carefully 1 (the) most carefully (the) much more carefully • Remember good better (the) best bad worse (the) worst far farther (the) farthest well better (the) best much more (the) most little less (the) least Yes/No questions IV/i-questions Do you speak English? Do...? Does...? Did...? Can...? Could...? May... ? Must...? Would...? Should...? Shall...? Will...? Have...? Has...? Had...? Am...? Is...? Are...? Was...? Were...? When did you go to Britain? What...? — Что? Какой? Who...? — Кто? Whom...? — Кого? Кому? Where...? — Где? Куда? Why...? — Зачем? Почему? Which...? — Какой (из)? Который? When...? — Когда? How...? — Как? How long...? — Как долго? How much...? — Сколько? How many...? — Сколько? What time...? — Который час? (At) what time...? — В какое время? 127 Grammar reference Verbs Followed by the ing form or by to Some verbs can only be followed by the Some verbs and expressions can only be followed by infinitive with to. the ing form. agree be fond of arrange enjoy decide finish fail give up forget imagine happen it’s worth hope dislike learn mind manage miss offer practise pretend succeed in promise suggest refuse stop want This cathedral is yery beautiful and old. Its worth He refused to inyite her to the party. yisiting. She failed to pass the exam. Some verbs can be followed by either ing form or by to. begin continue hate like love prefer start I like / hate to get up early on Sunday morning. Begin reading/please. 128 Grammar reference Passive Voice (Пассивный / Страдательный залог) Present Simple Passive + ? Positive Negative Question I am given a task by the teacher. I am not given a task by the teacher. Am I You We They 1 are given a task by the teacher. You We They 1 are not given a task by the teacher. Are j 1 you we they given a task by the teacher? She He It is given a task by the teacher. She He It 1 is not given a task by the teacher. Is 1 she he it Short answers; Yes, Yes, I am we /you/ they she / he / it are. IS. j I am not. No, ; we/you/ I they she/he/ it No, are not. is not. Past Simple Passive + — 9 Positive Negative Question I was examined. I was not examined. Was I You 1 You 1 you We They were examined. We They [ were not examined. Were ' we they ' examined? She She r she He i was examined. He was not examined. Was 1 he It It it Short answers: Yes, I/she/ No, ■ f I/she/ he/it was. 1 he/it ^ was not. Yes, ' i we/you/ they 1 ^ were. No, j we/you/ ] 1 they were not. Future Simple Passive r ^ ^ Positive I We will be tested Thev ■ tomorrow. She He It Negative I ' We „ will not be tested They ' tomorrow. She He It ? Question we you Will they be tested tomorrow? she he ; it ' [ i/we/vou/ ' I/we/you/' ■ * ■ ^ ! Short answ'ers; Yes, ^ they/she/ will. No, | they/she/ wont. he/it ! he/it 129 Grammar reference First and Second Conditionals Conditional Clause Main Clause If + Present Simple will + infinitive 1. If it snows, Если пойдет снег, they will go skiing. они отправятся кататься на лыжах. First Conditional We use it to talk about 2. If you don’t write the composition, Если ты не напишешь сочинение. you’ll get а bad mark, ты получишь плохую оценку. events which are possible in the present or future. 3. If I see Jane, Если я увижу Джейн, Г11 invite her to my birthday party, я приглашу ее на свой день рождения. 4. Don’t miss the lessons, He пропускай уроки, (Если ты пропустишь уроки) or you’ll he punished, (a) TO тебя накажут. If + Past Simple would (might) 1. If I knew the answer. Если бы я знал ответ, I would tell you. я бы сказал тебе. Second Conditional We use it for unlikely (маловероятные ) situations in the present or future. 2. If I were you, Ha твоем месте I would learn German, я бы выучил немецкий язык. 3. If she had money, Если бы у нее были деньги. she might spend her holidays abroad. TO она могла бы проводить каникулы за границей. 4. If they spoke Spanish, Если бы они говорили по-испански. they might go to Spain. TO они могли бы съездить в Испанию Word Formation Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Numerals mis-, re-, un- un-, in-, il-, im-. un- non-, dis-, ir- -tion / -sion -ize (-ise), -en -able / -ible -ly -teen -er / -or -al-, -(i)an -ty -ance / -ence -ful-, -ic-, -ing -th -ing -y(ly)-, -ous -ity -ive -ist -merit 130 List of irregular verbs Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle awake [a'weik] будить, просыпаться awoke [a'waok] awoken be [bi:] быть, находиться was [wDz] (ед. ч.) were [w3:] (mh. ч.) been bear [Ьеэ] рождать bore [bo:] born [bo:n] beat [bi:t] бить, ударять beat beaten become [Ы'клт] становиться became [bi'keim] become begin [bi'gin] начинать(ся) began [bi'gaen] begun [bi'gvn] bite [bait] кусать(ся) bit bitten break [breik] ломать broke broken bring приносить, приводить brought [bro:t] brought build [bild] строить built [bilt] built burn жечь, гореть burnt(burned) burnt(burned) buy [bai] покупать bought [bo:t] bought can мочь could [kod] — cast [ka:st] кидать, бросать cast cast catch [ksetf] ловить, поймать caught [ko:t] caught choose [tfu:z] выбирать chose [tfaoz] chosen come [клт] приходить, приезжать came come cost [knst] стоить cost cost cut [kAt] резать, рубить cut cut do [du:j делать, поступать, выполнять did done [dAn] draw [dro:] рисовать, чертить drew [dru:] drawn [dro:n] drink пить drank drunk dri\e вести машину, ехать на машине drove [draov] driven ['drivan] eat [Lt] есть, кушать ate [et] eaten all [fo:l] падать fell fallen feed кормить fed fed feel чувствовать felt felt aeht [fait] бороться, сражаться fought [fo:t] fought tod [famd] находить found [faond] found £“ [flai] летать flew [flu:] flown [flaon] iiebid запрещать forbade forbidden забывать forgot forgotten m получать got got - [grv] давать gave given ['givan] ходить, идти,ехать went gone [gtm] C-TW [дгэи] расти, выращивать grew [gru:] grown [graun] висеть, вешать hung hung lhaev] иметь had had ъаг [hjs] слышать heard [hs:d] heard bate, fhauld] держать held held sn [h3:t] ушибить(ся) hurt hurt ■cer держать, хранить kept kept Kao>w [паи] знать knew [nju:] known [naun] fieij класть, положить laid [leid] laid вести, руководить led led 131 List of irregular verbs Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle learn [1з:п] учить что-то learnt [l3:nt] learnt [l3:nt] узнавать, учиться learned [l3:nd] learned [l3:nd] leave уезжать, оставлять left left let позволять, разрешать let let lie [lai] лежать lay lain lose [lu:z] терять lost lost make делать,заставлять made made mean значить, иметь в виду meant [ment] meant [ment] meet встречать(ся) met met pay платить paid paid put [put] класть, ставить put put read [ri:d] читать read [red] read [red] rid [rid] избавлять rid (ridded) rid ride ехать верхом rode ridden ring звенеть, звонить rang rung rise подниматься, вставать rose risen ['rizn] run бежать, бегать ran run say [sei] говорить, сказать said [sed] said [sed] see видеть saw [so:] seen sell продавать, торговать sold [sould] sold [sould] send посылать, отправлять sent sent set ставить, класть set set shake [feik] трясти shook [fuk] shaken ['Jeikon] shoot [fu:t] стрелять shot Qbt] shot show [fou] показывать showed [foud] shown [foun] shut [jXt] закрывать shut shut sing петь sang sung sit сидеть sat sat sleep спать slept slept smell нюхать, пахнуть smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled) speak говорить, разговаривать spoke [spouk] spoken spend тратить, расходовать spent spent spill проливать, разливаться spilt (spilled) spilt (spilled) spread [spred] простираться spread [spred] spread [spred] stand стоять stood [stud] stood [stud] steal воровать, красть stole stolen swim плавать swam [swaem] swum take брать, взять took [tuk] taken ['teikon] teach учить taught [to:t] taught [to:t] tell сказать, рассказать told [tould] told think думать, полагать thought [9o:t] thought throw [0гэи] бросать threw [0ru:] thrown [Broun] tread [tred] ступать, топтать trod trodden understand понимать, предполагать understood understood [.Ands'staend] [.Ando'stud] upset [Ap'set] расстраивать upset upset wear [wes] носить (одежду), изнашивать wore [wo:] worn [wo:n] win выигрывать, побеждать won [WAn] won [wAn] write [rait] писать wrote [rout] written ['ritn] 132 Pronunciation table Согласные Гласные знак транскрипции слово знак транскрипции слово [Р] pen [i:] meet [Ь] bee [I] sit [t] ten [e] letter [d] dog [33] bag [к] king [a:] park [g] go [0] stop т cheese [o:j morning [Cfe] jump [u] book [f] fat [u:j blue [V] very [Л] mum [0] three [3:] bird [б] they [0] sister [s] sad [ei] table [z] zoo [эи] nose Ш she [ai] time [3] pleasure [au] now [h] hot [oi] boy [m] milk [1Э] dear [n] name [еэ] bear [P] song [иэ] sure [1] let [аю] tired [r] red [аиэ] our U] yes [w] want 133 Learning strategies i Tips for giving a talk 1. Read the task and the key words or questions which are suggested. Example: Say what 1) helps you to keep fit 2) destroys your health Use; much sleep, well-organised work, open air, bad habits, fast food... 2. Follow the plan. Don’t miss any part of it. Use the key words. 3. Keep to the point to be informative. 4. Use linking words and expressions in your talk. 5. Speak clearly so that your partners can hear you. How to deal with multiple choice tasks 1. A multiple choice task consists of a question and the choices. The question is called the stem. The choices are called alternatives. Example: Would you mind ... the window? (the stem) a) to close b) close c) closing (the alternatives) 2. Read all of the stem and every alternative for it. 3. Study the stem. Get rid of the obviously incorrect alternatives. 4. Make a logical guess and choose the correct alternative. How to deal with structural closes 1. Read the text quickly for general understanding. Try to ignore the gaps. Example: The ... of the country is New Delhi. Its ... has grown to 1,000 million people. There are 15 official ... in India and thousands of different dialects. 2. Then read the text sentence by sentence. Pay attention to the words which go before and after the gaps. Decide what part of speech is missing in each gap. 3. Fill in the gaps. Read the text again to check if you were right. The capital of the country is New Delhi. Its population has grown to 1,000 million people. There are 15 official languages in India and thousands of different dialects. Tips for doing mini-projects in groups 1. Choose a topic for your research / discussion or an aspect of the topic you were given by the teacher. Example: Choose one of the following aspects of a perfect school: building, timetable, student-teacher relations, school activities, etc. 2. Find the information on the topic in the texts you’ve read or on the Internet. 3. Analyse the collected information in your group. 4. Write down the key words, the plan or the proposals on the chosen aspect for your group presentation on the topic. 5. Prepare a presentation / Draw a poster. Use different kinds of visuals: photos, pictures, etc. 6. Present the information to your classmates. Discuss it. Be ready to answer their questions. 134 i Cultural guide Africa ['sefriks] — one of the seven continents on the Earth. Amason ['эгтэгэп] (the) — a river in the South America, the second longest river in the world. Amsterdam [,8emst3'dasm] — the capital of the Netherlands. , Antarctic [aen'tcrktik] — one of the seven continents. It surrounds the South Pole. Arctic Ocean ['a:ktik 'эи/эп] (the) — the smallest ocean in the world, at the North Pole. It is covered with ice all year round. Armenia [a:'mi:nia] — a country in Europe. The capital is Yerevan. Asia ['eifa] — one of the seven continents on the Earth. Atlantic Ocean [st'lajntik 'aujan] (the) — the second largest ocean in the world, which separates North and South America from Europe and Asia. Australia [ns'treilis] — one of the seven continents on the Earth. It’s also a large country which lies between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The capital is Canberra. English is the first state language. В Bahamas [bs'hcumsz] (the) — a country consisting of a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean. It’s a popular centre for tourism. English is the first state language. Baikal [haiku:!] (the) — the deepest lake in the world (1,620 metres deep). Sasgladesh [.baepgb'dej] — a country in Asia. The capital is Dhaka. los [ba:'beidDs] — an island in the Atlantic Ocean. The capital of the country is :::: ifiE Jiigilssb.!,'^tlv".fic.sC‘itatf>daijqui|of‘ »r?m] — a country in Europe, i IS Brussels. Graham — a Scottish scientist and rt^o lived in the USA. He invented the X. 1876. — the capital of Germany. — a city on the Atlantic coast The city has many colleges and (1 — a country in South America, capital is Brasilia. .. Lard [Ъшэгэп] (1788-1824) — an English Romantic and Satirical poetry. California [,kaeli'fo:ni3] — a state of the USA. Disneyland and Hollywood are in California. Canada ['kaensdoj — a country in North America. The capital is Ottawa. English and French are the official languages. Canberra ['кагпЬзгз] — the capital of Australia. Caribbean [,ksen'bi3n] (the) — the islands in the Caribbean Sea. Chelsea ['tfelsij — an area of London which is famous for its expensive housing and fashionable shops. Chernobyl [1Гз:'пзиЬз1] — a place in former USSR where in 1986 there was an explosion at a nuclear power station. China ['tfam3] — a country in Asia. The capital is Beijing. Churchill, Sir Winston ['tfaitfilj (1874-1965) — an English politician. He was the Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II and in 1951-1953. He made many famous speeches. He made the V-sign, meaning victory. Colgate ['kaulgeitj — a type of toothpaste. Colosseum / Coliseum [,kDl3'si:3m] (the) — the amphitheatre {амфитеатр) in Rome. It’s one of the most famous Roman remains. Coubertin, Pierre (1863-1937) — a person who revived the Olympic Games in 1896. He also created an emblem of five linked rings that became a symbol of the Olympic Games. Delhi ['deli] — the capital of India. Denmark ['denmu:k] — a country in Europe. The capital is Copenhagen. Eire ['езгз] — the Republic of Ireland. The capital is Dublin. English and Gaelic are the official languages. Egypt ['i:d5ipt] — a country in Africa. The capital is Cairo. England ['ipgbnd] — the largest country in Britain. The capital is London. Esperanto [,esp3'reent3o] — an artificial language which was invented in 1877. Eton ['i:tn] — a very expensive British public school for boys. Cultural guide Europe ['juarap] — one of the seven continents on the Earth. Everest ['evarest] — the highest mountain in the world (8,848 metres). Guyana [gai'aena] — a country in the South America. The capital is Georgetown. English is the first state language. H Hallowe’en [,haelau'i:n] — the night of October, 31, when it was formerly believed that the spirits of the dead appeared. Hallowe’en is celebrated in many countries. People dress up as witches, ghosts, etc. and sometimes make lamps from pumpkins. Harrow ['hterau] — a British public school for boys. Helsinki [hefsipki] — the capital of Finland. I Independence Day [mdi'pendans ,dei] — (or the fourth of July) is the National Independence Day of the USA. The Day is celebrated all over the country with parades, picnics and fireworks at night. India ['mdia] — a large country in the South Asia. The capital is New Delhi. The official languages are English and Hindi. Indian Ocean ['indian 'aujan] (the) — the third largest ocean in the world. Internet ['mtanat] (the) — an international network of computers. It has electronic mail and provides a large amount of information. J Jamaica [d53'meik3] — an island in the Carribean Sea, now an independent state. The capital is Kingston. English is the first state language. Jerome, K. Jerome [фэ'гэит] (1859-1927) — an English writer who wrote humorous books. His most popular books are “The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Person” and “Three Men in a Boat”. Labor Day ['leibs ,dei] — a public holiday in the USA and Canada. It’s the first Monday in September. Many people have picnics over Labor Day. Lena I'lems] (the) — a river in Russia (4,400 ki-lometres long). London ['Lvndan] — the capital of the United Kingdom, one of the biggest and the most interesting cities in the world. Los Angeles [Ins 'эгпф1,И:г] — the second largest city in the USA. It’s on the Pacific Ocean. Lucky Country — Australia has been called the Lucky Country. Millions of people who have gone through war and poverty in their countries now enjoy peace and prosperity in Australia. M Maori ['maun] — the original people of New Zealand. Montreal Canadians — a famous Canadian hockey club. Mother’s Day — a holiday on which people give cards or presents to their mothers to show their love for them. This holiday is celebrated on Sunday in spring. N Netherlands ['nedabndz] (the) — a country in Europe. The capital is Amsterdam. New York [,nju: 'jo:k] — the largest city and port in the USA. New Zealand [,nju: 'zi:land] — a country in the Pacific Ocean. It’s known mainly for its farming (meat, cheese and butter). The official languages are English and Maori. Nile [nail] (the) — a river in Africa, the longest in the world ( 6,695 kilometres long). Niagara Palls [nai'aegara] — very large water-falls on the border between Canada and the USA. North America [,пэ:0 э'тепкэ] — one of the seven continents on the Earth. Nottingham ['nntipam] — a city in central England. Olympic Games (Olympics) — a modern international sports event. People of all nationalities compete in various sports. They are held once every four years in different countries. Oslo ['nzlauj — the capital of Norway. Ottawa ['ntswaj — the capital of Canada. One third of its people are French-speaking. Pacific Ocean [pa'sifik 'эцГэп] (the) — the world’s largest ocean. It covers one third of the Earth’s surface (поверхность). 136 к Pakistan [,pa:ki'sta:n] — a country in Asia. The capital is Islamabad. English is a second state language. Paris ['pseris] — the capital of France. Philippines ['fili,pi:nz] — a country made up of a group of over 7,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The capital is Manila. English is a second state language. Q Quebec [kwi'bek] — a province in Canada. It’s the centre of French Canadian culture and language. Rugby ['глдЬг] — a British public school. Sakharov, Andrei (1921-1989) — a famous Russian physicist. He fought against atomic war. He won the Nobel Prize in 1975. He wrote several books on progress and freedom. Scotland ['skntbnd] — a country in Britain. The capital is Edinburgh. Schools on the Air — are situated in several states of Australia in the places which are far away from cities or towns. Students learn the world around them with the help of different means of communication. Schools Through (the) — are for the children of Australia who live far from any school in the area. New material and special tasks are sent to the students and then back to schools. Skout [faot] — a popular magazine for teenage ■ girls. *Uing, Pavel (1786-1837) — a Russian inventor. He created the first electric telegraph in 1832. ft Futl’s Cathedral [snt ,po:lz ka'Gidral] — a fine cathedral in central London. It was built (1675- ”i0|i by Sir Christopher Wren. Mskia ['saofra] — the capital of Bulgaria. Ч1'ва .\frica [,sao0 'aefrika] — a country in the >:-iabern Africa. The capital is Cape Town, tapiih is the second state language. America [,sao0 э'тепкэ] — one of the continents on the Earth. I ''idni] — the largest city in Australia. Saitzeiiuid ['switsabnd] — a country in Europe. The capital is Bern. *л Tbames [temz] (the) — the most famous and nnportant British river. London stands on it. Cultural guide Thanksgiving Day [.Gaepks'giviij ,dei] — the fourth Thursday in November which in the USA is a public holiday. Titanic [tai'taenik] (the) — a British passenger ship. On her first trip in 1912 she hit an iceberg and sank (затонул). Over 1500 people died. Tokyo ['tookiao] — the capital of Japan. It’s also the largest and the busiest city in the world. Trinidad and Tobago ['trmidaed an ta'beigao] — a country which is made up of the islands of Trinidad and Tobago in the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is Port of Spain. English is the first state language. Turner, Joseph ['taina 'd5aozaf] (1775-1851) — an English painter, a master of water-colour. u UK [ju: 'kei] — a country in Europe. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Usually it’s shortened to the United Kingdom or UK. The capital of the country is London. UNESCO [jo'neskao] — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It’s organization through which rich states help poorer ones. United States of America (United States, USA, US, America) [ju:,naitid ,steits av э'тепкэ] — a country in the North America. It consists of 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the capital (Washington) is. English is the first state language. Urals (the) — mountains in Russia. They are often considered to mark the border between Europe and Asia. Volga ['vnlgaj (the) — a river in Russia, the longest river in Europe. w Wales [weilz] — a country in Britain. It’s capital is Cardiff Washington ['wofigtan] — the capital of the USA. Wellington ['weligtanj — the capital of New Zealand. It’s the country’s second largest city and a main port. Zamenhof, Lazarus ['zsemanlmf'Isezarosj (1859-1917) — a polish teacher who invented the artificial international language Esperanto. 137 { 7 List of personal names A H N Alan ['aebn] Hans [hasns] Nick [nik] Alex ['asliksj Helen ['hebn] Alexander [.aelig'zarnda] Alice ['aslisj Henry ['henri] О Alison ['aelissnj Oliver ['nliva] Albert ['aelbatj 1 Olivia [n'livia] Alfred ['aslfridj Irina [ai'rirna] Andrew ['aendru:] Angela ['aencl59b] Isabel ['izabel] P Ann, Anna [aen], ['аепэ] J Patrick ['pastrik] Paul [pa:l] В Jackie ['c[5aski] Paula ['pa:b] Jane [cfeein] Penny ['peni] Ben [ben] Janelle [d59'nel] Peter ['pi:t9] Bill [bil] Janis ['d5asms] Phil [fil] Bob [bob] Jason ['d^eisan] Bobby ['bnbi] Jeff [cfeef] R Brian ['braian] Jill [cfeil] Jim [cfeim] Richard ['ritfad] c Joe [скэи] Robert ['rnbat] John [cfenn] Roy [rai] Cathy ['kaeGi] Joshua ['cj5ofwa] Christie ['kristi] Clare [klea] Julia ['cfeudja] s Claudia ['klaudia] К Sally ['sseli] Sam [saem] Karen ['kasran] Sandy ['seendi] и Keith [ki:G] Sylvia ['silvia] Daniel ['daenjal] Ken [ken] Simone [si'maun Danny ['daeni] Steve [sti:v] David ['deivid] L Laura ['Ь:гэ] Sue [su:] Susan ['su:z9n] E Liza ['laiza] Elizabeth [I'lizabaG] Lindsey [.lind'sei] T Louise [lu:'i:z] Terry ['ten] Frank [Ггзедк] Gavin ['gaevin] Gemma ['фетэ] George ['d53:cfe] Greg [greg] M Maisie ['meizi] Mark [ma:k] Martin ['martin] Matt [maet] Melissa [ms'liss] Michael [maikl] Mike [maik] Tim [tim] Timothy ['timsGij Tommy [ tnmi] Tracey ['treisij Tulo ['tubuj w Wendy ['wendij Yonne ['jrms] 138 List of geographical names Africa ['aefrika] — Африка America [э'тепкэ] — Америка Amsterdam [.asmsta'daem] — Амстердам Anapa [э'па:рэ] — Анапа Antarctica [aent'aktika] — Антарктида Arctic ['a:ktik] (the) — Арктика Armenia [a:'mi:ni3] — Армения Asia ['etja] — Азия Atlantic Ocean [at'lasntik 'aujn] (the) — Атлантический океан Australia [ns'treilia] — Австралия В Bahamas [ba'hainaz] (the) — Багамские острова Baikal ['baika:l] (the) — Байкал Bangladesh [,basi]gb'dej] — Бангладеш Beijing [,bei'ct5ir)] — Пекин Belgium [Ъе1(фэт] — Бельгия Boston ['bnstan] — Бостон Brazil [bra'zil] — Бразилия Britain [Ъгкэп] — Британия Brussels ['brAslz] — Брюссель California [,k8eli'fo:ni3] — Калифорния Canada ['kasnada] — Канада Canberra ['kaenbara] — Канберра Caribbean Islands [,kaeri'bi:an 'ailandz], амер. [ka'nbian] (the) — Карибские острова Cbdsea ['tfelsi] — Челси ~Ытл ['tfaina] — Китай ГаггЬ Republic [tfek п'рлЬЬк] (the) —Чехия Finland [Tinland] — Финляндия France [fra:ns] — Франция Georgia ['d5o:d5a] — 1) Грузия; 2) Джорджия (штат в США) Germany ['cl53:rnani] — Германия Greece [gri:s] — Греция Н Hong-Kong [Ъшз 'код] — Гонконг Hungary ['Ьлддап] — Венгрия I India ['mdia] — Индия Indian Ocean ['indian 'aujn] (the) — Индийский океан Ireland ['aialand] — Ирландия Italy ['itali] — Италия J Jamaica [d^a'meiks] — Ямайка Japan [фэ'рагп] — Япония Kent [kent] — Кент Korea [кэ'п:э] — Корея l>E&i iileli] — Дели [denma:k] Дания London ['Undan] — Лондон M cgprpt rijd)ipt] — Египет Бгс ’’’сагэ] — Эйре (Ирландия) Eacland f'lrjgland] — Англия Еагоре ииэгэр] — Европа ETcrest ' evarast] — Эверест Mexico ['meksikau] — Мексика Moscow ['mnskau] — Москва N Netherlands ['nedalandz] (the) — Нидерланды New Delhi [,nju: 'deli] — Новый Дели 139 г New Zealand [,nju: 'zi:bnd] — Новая Зеландия Niagara [nai'aegara] (the) — Ниагара Nile [nail] (the) — Нил Norway ['no:wei] — Норвегия Nottingham ['notipom] — Ноттингем Thames [temz] (the) — Темза Trafalgar Square [tra'ftelga 'skweaj — Трафальгарская площадь Trinidad ['tnni,daed] — Тринидад Turkey ['t3:kij — Турция Oslo ['nzbuj — Осло Ottawa ['ntavaj — Оттава Pacific Ocean [pa'sifik bofn] (the) — Тихий океан Paris ['paerisj — Париж Poland ['paubndj — Польша Portugal ['poitfugalj — Португалия Q U UK [ju: 'keij (the) — Соединенное Королевство Ukraine [ju.'krein] (the) — Украина USA [ju: es 'eij (the) — США USSR ['j u: 'es 'es 'a:j (the) - СССР w Wales [weilz] — Уэльс Washington ['wnjiptan] — Вашингтон Wellington ['weliptanj — Веллингтон Quebec [kwi'bek] — Квебек Rome [room] — Рим Russia ['гл/э] — Россия San Francisco [,saen fran'siskau] — Сан-Франциско Scotland ['skntbndj — Шотландия Siberia [sai'bioria] — Сибирь Spain [spein] — Испания Sweden ['swi:dnj — Швеция Switzerland ['switsabndj — Швейцария Sydney ['sidnij — Сидней 140 Vocabulary a [ei] (an) [э] — неопределенный артикль able ['eibl] — способный to be able (to) — быть в состоянии, мочь about [s'baut] — о, около above [эЪлу] — над abroad [s'broid] — за границей to go abroad — ездить за границу absolutely ['aebsslurtli] — совершенно, абсолютно academician [э,каебэ'т1/эп| — академик accept [ak'sept] — принимать, допускать accident ['aeksidant] — несчастный случай ache [eik] — боль achieve [a'tjcv] — достигать across [a'kros] — через act [aekt] — играть, разыгрывать active ['asktiv] — активный activity [ask'tiviti] — деятельность actor ['askts] — актер actually ['asktfuali] — действительно, на самом деле add [aed] — складывать, прибавлять addition [a'dijan] — сложение, прибавление address [a'dres] — адрес adjective ['aedsiktiv] — имя прилагательное admiral ['aedmaral] — адмирал adult ['cedAlt] — взрослый advanced [ad'vccnst] — передовой, продвинутый advantage [ad'vccntidj] — преимущество adventure [ad'ventfa] — приключение adverb ['aedvaib] — наречие advert ['asdv3:t] — реклама, объявление advertisement [asd'vaitismant] — реклама, объявление advertiser ['aedvataiza] — рекламодатель advice [sd'vais] — совет, советы (только в ед. числе) advise [ad'vaiz] — советовать bics [ea'raubiks] — аэробика raid [s'freid] — испуганный ■'Т' be afraid of — бояться чего-либо ['аеГпкэп] — африканский сйэ] — после [,о;йэ'пи:п] — время после полудня ■■ i sgen] — опять, снова ia'genst] — против К' — 1) возраст; 2) век »d кгш^| — пожилой, старый 9Е> 1: <9эа] — тому назад гве п='шт] — соглашаться аеж' i?hed] — вперед, впереди d ьеи] — помогать; помощь г jesj — воздух I esfip] — дирижабль сакн 1^х1кэЬт)1] — алкоголь Ь и talk] — похожий, подобный i 1э пп ] — ЖИВОЙ 11з]ТТ — весь, вся, всё, все allow [э'1аи] — разрешать almost ['odmaust] — почти alone [эЪип] — один, одинокий along [э'1пг)] — вдоль, по aloud [a'laud] — громко, вслух alphabet ['asifabet] — алфавит already [Dd'redi] — уже also ['o:ls3u] — также, тоже although [э:Гбэи] — хотя, несмотря на то что always ['o:lwiz] — всегда am (to be) [asm, am] — глагол-связка amber ['asmba] — янтарь, янтарный ambulance ['aembjulans] — машина скорой помощи American [a'merikan] — американский among [а'тлр] — между, среди amount [a'maunt] — составлять, сумма, количество ancient ['einjant] — древний, старинный and [aend, and] — и anecdote ['aenikdaot] — анекдот angrily ['aepgrili] — сердито angry ['aepgri] — сердитый, раздражительный animal ['cenimal] — животное announce [a'nauns] — объявлять another [а'плба] — еще один, другой answer ['ccnsa] — ответ; отвечать ant [aent] — муравей anti-social ['aenti 'saufal] — антиобщественный any ['em] — какой-нибудь, сколько-нибудь, любой anybody ['eni,bndi] — любой, всякий anyone ['eniWAn] — всякий, кто-нибудь anything ['eni0ir)] — что-нибудь anyway ['enrwei] — во всяком случае anywhere ['eniwea] — где-нибудь, куда-нибудь apart [a'pcct] — в стороне, отдельно appearance [a'piarans] — внешний вид, наружность apple ['aepi] — яблоко appreciate [a'prijieit] — ценить appropriate [a'prauprieit] — подходящий April ['eipral] — апрель Arabic ['aerabik] — арабский Arctic ['a;ktik] — Арктика; арктический are (to be) [a] — глагол-связка area ['earia] — площадь, пространство argue ['a;gju:] — спорить argument ['ccgjumant] — довод, аргумент aristocrat ['aeristakraet] — аристократ arm [a:m] — рука (от плеча до кисти) armchair ['a'm'tfea] — кресло Armenian [cr'minian] — армянский around [a'raund] — вокруг, крутом arrange [а'гешф] — устраивать, договариваться arrive [a'raiv] — приезжать, прибывать art [at] — искусство article ['atikal] — артикль, статья artificial [,ati'fij3l] — искусственный artistic [a'tistik] — художественный, артистический . 141 artist ['a:tist] — художник as [aez, sz] — как ash [aej] — зола, пепел ask [a:sk] — спрашивать, просить associate [s'saufieit] — ассоциировать(ся), связывать(ся) at [set, 3t] — на, за, в athlete ['ae01i:t] — спортсмен, атлет athletic [aeB'letik] — атлетический athletics [seB'letiks] — физкультура, атлетика atomic [a'tnmik] — атомный attack [a'task] — наступать, атаковать attend [a'tend] — посещать, присутствовать attention [s'tenjon] — внимание attentive |a'tentiv] — внимательный attract [s'traskt] — привлекать, притягивать aunt [a:nt] — тетя Australian [n'streiljan] — австралийский author ['э:0э] — автор, писатель autumn ['эдэгп] — осень avenue ['aevinju:] — аллея, дорога, амер. проспект awake [a'weik] (awoke, awoken или awaked, awaked) — будить, просыпаться award [a'woid] — награда; присуждать что-либо, награждать away [s'wei] — прочь В babysit ['beibisit] — присматривать за ребенком baby-sitting ['beibi.sitir)] — уход (присмотр) за ребенком back [Ьгек] — спина; назад, обратно backache ['baekeik] — боль в спине bad [baed] — плохой badge [baecfe] — значок badly ['baedli] — плохо badminton ['baedmintan] — бадминтон bag [basg] — сумка, портфель ball [bo:l] — мяч balloon [Ьэ'1п:п] — воздушный шар(ик) bank [baspk] — банк bar [ba:] — батончик (шоколадный) baron [Ъаегэп] — барон base [beis] — основывать baseball ['beisboil] — бейсбол basic ['beisik] — основной basketball [ba:skitbo:l] — баскетбол bat [baet] — бита bath [ba:th] — ванна, купание be [bi:] (was, were, been) — быть, находиться, являться to be going to do smth — собираться (намереваться) что-либо сделать beach [bi:tf] — пляж, взморье bean [bi:n] — боб bear [Ьеэ] (bore, born) — рождать to be born — родиться beat [bi:t] (beat, beaten) — бить, ударять beautiful ['bjuitiful] — прекрасный, красивый beauty [bjuiti] — красота, красавица because [bi'knz] — потому что, так как become [bi'k\m] (became, become) — становиться becoming [bi'kAmii]] — подходящий, (идущий) к лицу bed [bed] — кровать bedroom ['bedrum] — спальня before [bi'fo:] — до, прежде чем beg [beg] — просить, умолять begin [bi'gin] (began, begun) — начинать beginning [bi'ginir)] — начало behave [bi'heiv] — вести себя, поступать behaviour [bi'heivja] — поведение behind [bi'haind] — за, позади believe [bi'liiv] — верить, думать belong [bi'lng] — принадлежать below [bi'bu] — ниже, внизу beside [bi'said] — рядом, около besides [bi'saidz] — кроме, помимо best [best] — самый лучший, наилучший better [bets] — лучше between [bi'twirn] — между beyond [bi'jnnd] — вдали, за, свыше bicycle [baisikal] (bike [baik]) — велосипед big [big] — большой billion [biljan] — биллион (амер. миллиард) biography [bai'ngrafi] — биография biology [bai'Dl3d5i] — биология bird [bald] — птица birthday ['b3:0dei] — день рождения birthplace ['b3:0pleis] — место рождения biscuit ['biskit] — печенье bite [bait] (bit, bitten) — кусать(ся) black [blask] — черный blank [blaegk] — пропуск (в слове, в предложении) blazing ['bleizn]] — пылающий blood [bUd] — кровь blouse [blauz] — блузка blue [blu:] — голубой, синий board [bo:d] — доска boat [baut] — лодка, корабль body ['bndi] — тело bomb [bom] — бомба bone [Ьэип] — кость book [buk] — книга bore [bo:] — надоедать be bored — скучать boring ['bo:rit)] — скучный, надоедливый borrow [Ъпгэи] — брать взаймы borrowing [Ъпгэшц] — заимствование both [Ьэи0] — оба bottle [bntl] — бутылка bottom ['bntorn] — дно box [bnks] — коробка, ящик boxing [ boksig] — бокс boy [boi] — мальчик boyfriend [boifrend] — друг bracket ['braskit] — скобка brave [breiv] — храбрый U2 Vocabulary bread [bred] — хлеб break [breik] (broke, broken) — ломать break — перемена, перерыв breakfast ['brekfast] — завтрак bridge [brid5] — мост brief [bri:f] — краткий bright [brait] — яркий brightly [braitli] — ярко bring [brip] (brought, brought) — приносить, приводить, привозить British ['britij] — британский broad [Ьгэ:б| — широкий brother [Ъглбэ] — брат brown [braun] — коричневый brush [Ьгл/] — щетка, кисть; причесывать (волосы) build [bild] (built, built) — строить builder ['bilda] — строитель building ['bildiT)] — здание Bulgarian |ЬлГдеэпэп] — болгарский burn [Ьз:п] (burnt, burnt) — жечь, гореть bus [Ьлз] — автобус business ['biznis] — бизнес, фирма businessman j'biznisman] —бизнесмен busy [bizr] — занятой, оживленный but [bxt] — HO, кроме butter [ЪлГэ] — масло buy [bai] (bought, bought) — покупать, купить by [bai] — y, около, к by bus — автобусом, на автобусе bye [bai] (bye-bye) — до свидания разг. cabbage ['k£ebid5] — капуста cafe ['kaefei] — кафе cake [keik] — торт, пирожное calculate [’kaelkjuleit] — вычислять, рассчитывать call [ko:l] — зов, звонок (телефонный); звать, называть to give а call, to call up — звонить (no телефону) сашега [каетэгэ] — фотоаппарат, кинокамера ов illuen] (could) — могу, умею lian [ka'neidjan] — канадский [Icaensa] — рак (болезнь) -шВс [ksndl] — свеча EEpj — шапка, кепка (Tcaepitl] — столица Ikaeptin] — капитан S — легковая машина fud] — открытка : — забота, уход; заботиться to take care of smb — заботиться о ком-либо smta- I ю'пэ] — карьера, занятие arrfiil Ikeofal] — внимательный свгеШК Ckeafali] — внимательно, осторожно carrot [kacrat] — морковь 1'каеп] — носить, возить .cers] — случай, дело ■ [keoil — кидать, бросать : (kactj — кошка, кот catch [kaetj] (caught, caught) — ловить, поймать category ['kaetigan] — категория cathedral [кэ'01:бгэ1] — собор cause [ko:z] — причина; причинять CD-ROM [,si :di:'rom] — компакт-диск celebrate ['selibreit] — праздновать cent [sent] — цент (монета) center ['senta] — центр centimeter ['senti,mi:ta] — сантиметр central ['sentral] — центральный century ['sentfori] — век ceremony ['senmani] — церемония certain ['s3:tn] — определенный certainly ['saitnli] — конечно, несомненно chair [tfea] — стул champion ['tfaempian] — чемпион championship ]'tf£empianjip] — чемпионат chance [tfa:ns] — шанс change [фешф] — перемена, изменение, сдача; менять character ['kaerikta] — характер characteristic [.kaenkta'ristik] — характерная черта, особенность charm [tfa:m] — очарование; очаровывать chat [tfaet] — болтать cheap [tfi:p] — дешевый check [tfek] — контроль, проверка; проверять cheer [tfia] — ободрять, аплодировать cheese [t(i:z] — сыр chemical ['kemikal] — химический chemist ['kemist] — аптекарь, химик chemistry ['kemistn] — химия chess [tfes] — шахматы chew [tfu:] — жевать chick — CM. chicken chicken ['tfikin] — цыпленок, птенец child [tfaild] (pi. children ['tfildran]) — ребенок Chinese [tfai'niiz] — китайский chips [tfips] — чипсы chocolate ['t|bklit] — шоколад choice [tfois] — выбор choose [tfu:z] (chose, chosen) — выбирать church [tfaitf] — церковь cigarette [.siga'ret] — сигарета cinema ['sinima] — кино, кинотеатр circle ['s3:kl] — круг; обводить city ['siti] — город (большой) civilized ['sivilaizd] — цивилизованный, культурный class [kla:s] — класс classic ['klaesikal] — классический classmate ['kloismeit] — одноклассник classroom ['klaisrom] — классная комната clean [kli:n] — чистить, убирать; чистый clear [klia] — ясный, чистый; убирать (со стола) clearly ['kliali] — ясно, понятно clever ['kleva] — умный client ['klaiant] — клиент, покупатель climate ['klaimit] — климат 143 Vocabulary climb [klaim] — взбираться, подниматься clock [klt)k] — часы (стенные, настольные) close [klaus] — близкий, близко close [klauz] — закрывать cloth [klD0] — ткань tablecloth — скатерть clothes [klaudz] — одежда cloud [klaud] — туча, облако club [к1лЬ| — клуб coach [kautf] — тренер, мягкий автобус coast [kaust] — побережье coat [kaut] — пальто, пиджак cockerel ['knkaral] — петух code [kaudj — кодекс; код coffee ['knfi] — кофе coin [kain] — монета coke (Coka-Cola) ['kauk 'kaula] — кока-кола cold [kauld] — холодный; холодно collect [ka'lekt] — коллекционировать, собирать, забирать collection [ka'lekjan] — коллекция college ['knlicfe] — колледж; амер. университет colour ['кл1э] — цвет column ['knlam] — колонка, столбец combination [,kDmbi'neiJan] — сочетание come [клт] (came, come) — проходить, приезжать comedy ['komidi] — комедия comfort ['kAmfat] — отдых, покой, комфорт comfortable ['клтГаГаЫ] — удобный, уютный comment ['kument] — высказывать мнение, комментировать committee [ka'miti] — комитет, комиссия common ['kornan] — общий, обычный communicate [ka'mjuinikeit] — сообщать, общаться communication [ka,mju:ni'keifan] — связь, сообщение community [ka'mjuiniti] — община, общность commuter [ka'mjuita] — житель пригорода company ['клтрэш] — компания, общество comparative [kam'paerativ] — сравнительный compare [kam'pea] — сравнивать compete [kam'pkt] — соревноваться competition [.knmpi'tijan] — соревнование, конкурс complain [kam'plein] — жаловаться complete [kam'pliit] — завершить, закончить completely [kam'pli:tli] — полностью, целиком complex ['knmpleks] — сложный composer [kam'pauza] — композитор compulsory [kam'pAlsari] — обязательный computer [kam'pjuita] — компьютер concert ['knnsat] — концерт conduct ['knndakt] — поведение conference ['knnfarans] — конференция connect [ka'nekt] — связывать(ся), соединять(ся) conservative [kan's3:vativ] — консервативный consider [kan'sida] — рассматривать, считать, полагать consist [kan'sist] (of) — состоять (из) contact ['knntaekt] — контакт contact [kan'taekt] — устанавливать связь contain [kan'tein] — содержать в себе, вмещать contest ['knntest] — соревнование continent ['kDntinant] — континент continue [kan'tinju:] — продолжать continuous [kan'tinjuas] — непрерывный, длительный control [kan'traul] — проверка, контроль; провер convenient [kan'viinjant] — удобный conversation [.konvo'seijan] — разговор conversational [.konva'seijanal] — разговорный convey [kan'vei] — передавать (значение), сообщ cook [кик] — повар; готовить cool [ku:l] — 1. прохладный 2. модный сору ['knpi] — переписывать corner ['кэ:пэ] — угол correct [кэ'гэкг] — исправлять, правильный correspondent [,kt)ris'pDnd3nt] — корреспондент corresponding [.ktins'pDndir)] — соответствующи cost [knst] — цена cost [knst] (cost, cost) — стоить cosy ['kauzi] — уютный country ['kAntn] — страна; сельская местность in the country — за городом; за город countryside ['kvntnsaid] — сельская местность, деревня couple ['kApI] — пара course [ko:s] — курс of course [av'kois] — конечно court |ko:t] — корт (теннисный) cousin ['kAzn] — двоюродный брат, двоюроднаг сестра covering [’kAvanp] — покрывало cow [кап] — корова create [kri'eit] — творить, создавать creative [kri'eitiv] — творческий creativity [kri'eitiviti] — способность к творчест cricket ['krikit] — крикет (игра) crime [krami] — преступление crocodile ['krokadail] — крокодил cross [krns] — пересекать, переходить crowd [kraud] — толпа crowded ['kraudid] — переполненный crucial ['кги:фэ1] — решающий, главный cruel ['кги:э1] — жестокий, безжалостный cry [krai] — плакать, кричать cub [kAb] — детеныш cultural ['kAltfaral] — культурный culture ['kAltfo] — культура cunning ['кАпп}] — хитрый cup [kAp] — чашка cure [kjua] — лечебное средство; излечивать curiosity [.kjuari'Dsiti] — любопытство curious ['kjuanas] — любопытный current ['кАгэпГ] — текущий custom ['kAstam] — обычай cut [kAt] (cut, cut) — резать, рубить cycle ['saikl] — ездить на велосипеде cycling ['saiklnj] — езда на велосипеде ]АА Vocabulary dad [deed] — папа разе. daily ['deili] — ежедневный, ежедневно; ежедневная газета dance [da:ns] — танец; танцевать danger ['deincfea] — опасность dangerous ['deincfearss] — опасный Danish ['deini|] — датский dark [da:k] — темный darkness [daiknss] — темнота, мрак date [deit] — дата daughter ['doita] — дочь day [del] — день daybook ['deibuk] — дневник (школьный) dead [ded] — мертвый deadline ['dedlain] — конечный срок deadly ['dedli] — смертельный deal [di:l] (dealt, dealt) — иметь дело; торговать dear [dia] — дорогой, глубокоуважаемый death [de0] — смерть December [di'semba] — декабрь decide [di'said] — решать decision [di'sisan] — решение d^lare [di'klea] — объявлять, провозглашать decorate ['dekareit] — украшать deep [di:p] — глубокий deflnite ['defmit] — определенный delay [di'lei] — задержка; медлить, задерживать delicious [dr'lijas] — очень вкусный democratic [,dem3'kraetik] — демократичный dentist ['dentist] — зубной врач depend [di'pend] (on) — зависеть от depress [di'pres] — подавлять, угнетать describe [di'skraib] — описывать description [di'skrip/эн] — описание design [di'zain] — проект, рисунок; проектировать, создавать designer [di'zama] — художник-декоратор, модельер [desk] — парта, письменный стол гоу [di'stroi] — уничтожать, разрушать detailed ['dkteild] — подробный ■eaectnre [di'tektiv] — детективный ieteation [di'tenjan] — оставление (после уроков) develop [di'velap] — развивать(ся) ■erdopment [di'velapmant] — развитие f devl] — дьявол, черт ||di4'3Ut] — посвящать tdaiall — набирать номер (по телефону) act I daialekt] — диалект [’daialng] — диалог аоагт |['dikf3H3ri] — словарь (книга) ' iiiaj] — умереть :ла1яТ — диета; соблюдать диету ['difarens] — разница, различие ■t I'difarent] — различный ['ddarantli] — по-разному, различно f dcikait] — трудный difficulty ['difikalti] — трудность, затруднение dinner ['dina] — обед direction [di'rekjan] — направление, руководство dirt [da:t] — грязь dirty ['d3:ti] — грязный disabled [dis'eibald] — инвалид disadvantage [.disad'yaintidj] — недостаток; невыгодное положение disagree [,disa'gri:] — не соглашаться, ссориться disagreement [|disa'gri;mant] — разногласие, ссора disappear [.disa'pia] — исчезать, скрываться discipline ['disiplin] — дисциплина, порядок disco ['diskau] — дискотека discover [dis'kAva] — открывать, делать открытие discovery [dis'kAvari] — открытие discuss [di'skAs] — обсуждать discussion [di'skAjan] — дискуссия, обсуждение disease [di'ziiz] — болезнь disgusting [dis'gAStig] — отвратительный dish [dtj] — блюдо, тарелка dishes — посуда disk [disk] — диск display [dis'plei] — выставка, экран; выставлять, показывать distance ['distans] — дистанция, расстояние district ['distrikt] — район, округ disturb [di'stsib] — беспокоить, мешать divide [di'vaid] — делить, отделять do [du:] (did, done) — делать, поступать, выполнять doctor ['dnkta] — доктор dog [dng] — собака dollar ['dnla] — доллар dolphin ['dolfin] — дельфин door [do:] — дверь double [dAbl] — двойной double-decker ['dAbl'deka] — двухэтажный автобус down [daun] — вниз, внизу Dr (doctor) ['dnkta] — сокращенная форма написания drama ['drama] — драма dramatical [dra'mastikal] — драматический dramatize ['drasmataiz] — инсценировать draw [dro:] (drew, drawn) — рисовать, чертить drawing ['dro:ir)] — рисование; рисунок dream [dri:m] — мечта dress [dress] — платье; одевать(ся) drink [dripk] (drank, drunk) — пить drive [draiv] (drove, driven) — ехать на машине, вести машину driver [draiva] — водитель drop [drop] — бросать, ронять, drug [drAg] — лекарство, наркотик drum [drAm] — барабан dry [drai] — сухой dubbing ['dAbip] — дубляж during ['djuorig] — на протяжении, во время Dutch ['dAtf] — голландский 14' Vocabulary each — каждый each other — друг друга earfy f'sifif — ранний, рано earn 1з:п] — зарабатывать earth [з;0] — земля easily ['i:zili] — легко east [i:st] — восток easy ['i:zi] — легкий, легко easy-going ['i:zi,g3Uin] — беспечный, добродушный eat [i:t] (ate, eaten) — есть, кушать economic [.eka'nnmik] — экономический, выгодный economics [,ek3'nnmiks] — экономика, народное хозяйство educate ['edjukeit] — давать образование, воспитывать education [.edju'keijan] — образование educational [.edju'keifonal] — образовательный effective [I'fektiv] — эффективный effort f'efst] — усилие, попытка egg [eg] — яйцо eight [eit] — восемь eighteen [,ei'ti:n] — восемнадцать either ['агбэ] — тоже elder ['elda] — старший (брат, сестра) electric [I'lektrik] —электрический electronic [i.lek'tromk] — электронный eleven [I'levsn] — одиннадцать else [els] — еще e-mail ['i:meil] — электронная почта embarrasing [ im'baerasir)] — приводящий в смущение, затруднительный emblem ['етЫэт] — символ, эмблема empty ['empti] — пустой encyclopedia [en.saikla'prdia] — энциклопедия end [end] — конец endangered [in'deind^ad] — находящийся под угрозой вымирания или уничтожения ending ['endig] — конец (фильма, истории и т. д.) energetic [.ena'cfeetik] — энергичный energetically [.ena'd^etikali] — энергично engineer [.encfei'nia] — инженер English ['iggliJl — английский Englishman ['igglrjman] — англичанин enjoy [in'dpi] — получать удовольствие, наслаждаться enjoyable [ш'фэгэЬэ!] — приятный, доставляющий удовольствие enjoyment [in'dpimant] — наслаждение, удовольствие enough [|'пл1] — довольно, достаточно enter ['enta] — входить, вступать entertain [,enta'tem] — развлекать entertaining [.enta'lemig] — развлекательный entitle [in'taitl] — озаглавливать, давать название entrance ['entrans] — вход entry ['entri] — вход, вступление; словарная статья equivalent [I'kwivalant] — эквивалент especially [is'pejali] — особенно essay I'esei] — очерк, эссе, сочинение (школьное etc /.et'setaraj — и так далее European [, juara'piian] — европейский even [i:van] — даже evening ['i.vniri] — вечер event [I'vent] — событие; вид (спорта) ever ['eva] — когда-либо every ['evn] — каждый everybody ['evribndi] — все, каждый (человек) everyday ['evridei] — ежедневный, повседневный everyone ['evriwAn] — каждый (человек), все до одного everything ['evriGig] — всё exactly [ig'zaektli] — именно так, точно exam [ig'zaem] — экзамен examine [ig'zasmin] — исследовать, экзаменовать example [ig'zcrmpal] — пример excellent ['eksalant] — отличный, отлично exchange [iks'tfeincij] — обмен; обменивать excite [ik'sait] — возбуждать, вызывать (интерес) exciting [ik'saitiri] — волнующий exclude [iks'kluid] — исключать exclusion [iks'klu:3an] — исключение excuse [ik'skjuis] — извинение, оправдание excuse [ik'skju:z] — извинять, прощать exercise book ['eksasaiz buk] — тетрадь (для упражнений) exhibit [ig'zibit] — выставлять, показывать exhibition [.eksi'bijan] — выставка exit ['egzit] — выход exotic [ig'zDtik] — экзотический expect [ik'spekt] — ожидать, надеяться, предполагать expedition [,ekspi'dijan] — экспедиция expel [ik'spel] — исключать, выгонять expensive [ik'spensiv] — дорогой experience [ik'spiarians] — опыт, испытание explain [ik'splein] — объяснять express [ik'spres] — выражать expression [ik'sprejan] — выражение extra ['ekstra] — дополнительный, экстра-, сверх-extract ['ekstraekt] — отрывок (из текста), извлечение extremely [ik'striimli] — крайне, чрезмерно eye [ai] — глаз face [feis] — лицо fact [feekt] — факт, событие, обстоятельство factory [faektari] — фабрика, завод fair [Геэ] — ярмарка; справедливый fairytale [Теэп ,teil] — сказка; сказочный fall [foil] (fell, fallen) — падать false [foils] — неправильный, фальшивый family [Teemili] — семья famous [Teimos] — знаменитый 146 Vocabulary fan [faen] — разе, энтузиаст, болельщик fantastic [faen'taestik] — фантастический, превосходный far [fa:] — далекий, далеко fare [fes] — плата за проезд farm [fa:m] — ферма fashion ['faejsn] — мода, фасон fashionable ['fasjsnsbl] — модный fast [fa:st] — быстрый, быстро father [Та:бэ] — отец, папа fault ['fo:lt] — вина, недостаток favour ['feivsj — благосклонность to be in favour of — быть за favourite [feivsrit] — любимый fax [faeks] — факс; посылать по факсу February [ТеЬгоэп] — февраль feed [fi:d] (fed) — кормить federation [.feds'ceifon] — федерация feel [fill] (felt, felt) — чувствовать feeling ['fi:lir)] — чувство, ощущение feet — CM. foot fence [fens] — изгородь, забор festival [festival] — фестиваль few [f]u:] — несколько, немного field [fi:ld] — поле, луг; поле деятельности fifteen [,fif'ti:n] — пятнадцать fifty [Tifti] — пятьдесят fight [fait] (fought, fought) — бороться, сражаться figure [figa] — цифра, фигура figure skating [figs ,skeitir)] — фигурное катание (на коньках) fill [fil] — заполнять (пропуски) film [film] — фильм, фотопленка final [fainal] — последний, заключительный, финальный finalist [fainalist] — финалист financial [fai'naenjal] — финансовый find [faind] (found, found) — находить bd out — выяснять, обнаруживать ing [faindig] — находка, открытие м i[bm] — хороший, прекрасный [figgs] — палец -л [Ьпф] — заканчивать [finij] — финский fire )шэ] — огонь, пожар трДшгг [faispleis] — камин Ья [£i:5t] — первый, сначала finihrrnistli] — во-первых И! — рыба; ловить рыбу ncness I'binis] (club) — центр здоровья ■; е [Urv] — пять ftac |fixgj — флаг, знамя flm reset] — квартира Лшг Iflb:] — пол, этаж fln*rer [flaus] — цветок Ь 1н:| — разг. грипп v □сатктствии с частью IV Гражданского кодекса РФ в данном издании использованы ^отогрв^ии: в АЯР / PhotoXPress.ru с. 114 (3 фото) *= Focoiia.PbotoXPress.ru с. 104 е Ою Images / VOSTOCK Photo с. 54 € PhotoXPressJiU с. 36, 116 (2 фото) Б Thibaut Durand / Photononstop / VOSTOCK Photo c. 37 Б Виктор Зиновьев / Фотобанк Лори с. 114 Б Донцов Евгений Викторович / Фотобанк Лори с. 114 В Интерпресс / PhotoXPress.ru с. 114, 116 (4 фото) е: Наседкин Валерий/PhotoXPress.ru с. 115 в Ольга Липунова / Фотобанк Лори с. 115 Б Ольга Утлякова / Фотобанк Лори с. 114 Учебное издание Биболетова Мерем Забатовна Трубанева Наталия Николаевна Английский язык Учебник для 7 класса общеобразовательных учреждений Замдиректора по подготовке изданий С. В. Ширина Редакторы О. А. Герасименко, В. Г. Ермакова Корректоры Г. А. Киселева, Г. П. Мартыненко Художественный редактор Е. А. Валяева Дизайн макета, верстка В, С. Жеребцова, В. КиН, Н. С. Вишенковой Обложка В. С. Жеребцова. Художники О. В. Перова, Н. В. Мишина Фотографы Л. Н. Новоселов, П. А. Игнатов Цифровая обработка изображений Л. Н. Новоселова С^итарно-эпидемиологическое заключение о соответствии санитарным правилам РФ № 77.99.60.953.Д.013031.12.08 от 01.12.2008. В; печать 11.06.2013. Формат 60х 84/8. Гарнитура “Миньон”. Печать офсетная. Бумага офсетная. Уел. печ. л. 18,67. Уел. кр.-отт. 64,4. Тир. 60000 экз. Зак. № 13-925632 Издательство “Титул”. 249035, Калужская обл., г. Обнинск, а/я 5055. ■ ■LC4B439) 9-10-09. E-mail [email protected] (книга почтой), [email protected] (оптовые покупатели). Ошлатаыо в типографии “NEOGRAFIA a.s” 036 55, Martin, ul. Skultetyho 1, SLOVAKIA Телефоны: -1-1-421 (43) 420 12 73, 420 12 95. Факс: -1-1-421 (43) 420 17 13 F-maii- [email protected], https://www.neografia.sk, ftp.neografia.sk L Издательство “Титул” выпускает единую линию учебно-методических комплектов для 2-11 -х классов “Английский с удовольствием” / “Enjoy English”: для 2-4 классов (первая редакция) — учебники “Enjoy English-1”, “Enjoy English-2” (Part 1, Part 2), книги для учителя, Прописи, рабочие тетради, аудиокассеты, обучающая компьютерная программа „Интерактивные плакаты” для 2-4 классов (вторая редакция) — учебники, книги для учителя, рабочие тетради (в состав УМК для 4 класса входят рабочие тетради №1,2 “Контрольные работы”), аудиоприложения (аудиокассеты, CD MP3), обучающие компьютерные программы “Enjoy the ABC”, “Enjoy English”, „Интерактивные плакаты” Рабочая программа курса (2-4 классы) для 5-9 классов — учебники, книги для учителя, книга для чтения для 5-6-х классов, рабочие тетради (в состав УМК для 9 класса входят рабочие тетради №1,2 “Контрольные работы. Подготовка к ГИА”), аудиоприложения (CD MP3), обучающие компьютерные программы “Enjoy English” для 10-11 классов — учебники, книги для учителя, рабочие тетради № 1, рабочие тетради № 2 “Контрольные работы”, аудиоприложения (CD MP3), электронные приложения “Enjoy English”, элективные курсы “Moscow”, “St Petersburg”, “The Urals”, “Business English for Schools” и “English for Science” Серия книг для чтения “Почитай!” / “Read up!” (2-11 классы) Программа курса (2-11 классы) Интернет-поддержка учебников и дополнительные материалы на сайтах: www.titul.ru,www.englishteachers.ru По вопросам приобретения книг следует обращаться в издательство "Титул”: 249035, Калужская обл., г, Обнинск, а/я 5055, тел.: (48439) 9-10-09, факс: (48439) 9-10-00, e-mail: [email protected] (книга почтой), . [email protected] (оптовые покупатели). ISBN 978-5-86866-599-8 785868 665998 Издательство “Титул”